-ing as adverbial Lk at the sentences frm the reading passage and answer the questins.
1. In sentence（a），wh had seen quite a few prductins f Hamlet and read the play many times? In sentence（b），wh saw the main characters cme n stage? Sentence（a）：“I”. 　　Sentence（b）：“I”. 2. Is this structure used mre ften in spken r written English? It’s used mre ften in written English.
Cmpare them with the fllwing sentences and answer the questins.
3. What is the difference between the tw grups f sentences? The first grup uses present participles as adverbial while the secnd grup uses adverbial clauses. 4. Why des the authr chse t use sentences（a）and（b）in the reading passage? The sentences frm the reading passage are mre cncise and frmal.
V-ing形式的各種時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài):
having been dne
現(xiàn)在分詞是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一種，兼有動(dòng)詞和形容詞的特征，在句中可作表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，一般表示進(jìn)行或主動(dòng)的意思。 現(xiàn)在分詞用作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與句子的主語(yǔ)一致，現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作和句子的主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。 現(xiàn)在分詞在句中可以作時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、方式、伴隨、程度和結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。
1. 作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) Seeing the plice, he made a run fr the exit. 一看到警察，他就朝出口奔去。 = When he saw the plice, he made a run fr the exit.
When he walked ut f the rm, he saw a dg.
____________ ut f the rm, he saw a dg.
將下面的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句改寫成簡(jiǎn)單句。
現(xiàn)在分詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于when，while，after等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。
2. 作原因狀語(yǔ) Being ill, he didn’t g t schl yesterday. 因?yàn)樯×耍蛱鞗]有上學(xué)。 = Because he was ill, he didn’t g t schl yesterday.
= Nt knwing the way, he gt lst.
翻譯句子：由于不識(shí)路，他迷路了。
As he ____________________, he gt lst.
didn’t knw the way
否定現(xiàn)在分詞在其前面加nt。
現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)，一般位于句首，相當(dāng)于as，since，because等引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句。
3. 作條件狀語(yǔ) Turning t the left, yu will see a schl. = If yu turn t the left, yu will see a schl.
If we ___________, we will get gd results.
翻譯句子：努力學(xué)習(xí), 我們就會(huì)取得好成績(jī)。
Studying hard, we will get gd results.
現(xiàn)在分詞作條件狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于if，unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。
4. 作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ) The child fell, striking his head against the dr and cutting it. (那孩子跌倒了，頭碰在門上磕破了。) = The child fell and struck his head against the dr and cutting it.
He went abrad, leaving his uncle a big huse.
翻譯句子：他出國(guó)了，留給他叔叔一間大房子。
He went abrad and ________ his uncle a big huse.
現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)表示必然的結(jié)果，通常放在句末。
5. 作讓步狀語(yǔ) Granting this t be true, we cannt explain it. 雖然我們承認(rèn)這是事實(shí)，卻無法予以說明。 = Althugh we grant this t be true, we cannt explain it.
= Knwing it is difficult, I dn’t give up.
Althugh I _________________, I dn’t give up.
knw it is difficult
現(xiàn)在分詞作讓步狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，一般翻譯為“盡管...”或“即使...”等.有時(shí)現(xiàn)在分詞（短語(yǔ)） 前可帶有連詞althugh，even if，even thugh 等。
翻譯句子：即使我知道這很難。我也不會(huì)放棄。
6. 作伴隨狀語(yǔ) 1. The little by went upstairs, trailing his teddy bear behind him. 那個(gè)小男孩走上樓去，身后拖著他的玩具熊。 2. Emma was sitting in an armchair reading a bk. 艾瑪坐在一張扶手椅上看書。
翻譯下面句子： 他躺在草地上，凝望天空。
He lay n the grass and ___________ the sky.
He lay n the grass, staring at the sky.
現(xiàn)在分詞作方式或伴隨狀語(yǔ)，說明謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的方式、背景或情況。
7. 作評(píng)論性狀語(yǔ)有些現(xiàn)在分詞（短語(yǔ)）用于句首，沒有邏輯主語(yǔ)而獨(dú)立存在，作為句子的獨(dú)立成分來修飾全句，表明說話者的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等，這被稱為評(píng)論性狀語(yǔ)。常見的分詞短語(yǔ)有：generally (frankly, hnestly…)speaking, talking f(談到), seeing?that(考慮到), judging frm(從…判斷)。 Generally speaking, girls are mre careful than bys. Judging frm his accent, he must be frm the nrth.Talking?f?cleaning,?it’s?abut?time?yu?cleaned?the?huse.
現(xiàn)在分詞的主動(dòng)式與被動(dòng)式
1. Being repaired, the car isn't available nw. 小汽車正在被修理，現(xiàn)在用不了。2. Having been given such a gd chance, hw culd she let it slip？獲得了這樣一個(gè)好機(jī)會(huì)，她怎么能讓它溜走呢？
現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)與句子的主語(yǔ)一致，否則，現(xiàn)在分詞應(yīng)有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。
1. The meeting having been ver, we all left the rm and drve hme.會(huì)議結(jié)束后，我們都離開房間開車回家了。
4. We explred the big cave，Tny acting as ur guide. 我們探索了那個(gè)大洞穴，托尼做我們的向?qū)А?br/>2. The situatin getting wrse，they had t ask fr help. 情況越來越糟，他們不得不求助。
3. Time permitting，we shall g there n ft.如果時(shí)間允許，我們將步行去那里。
單句語(yǔ)法填空（1）The meeting 　?。╞e）ver，we all went t the canteen.（2）There 　?。╞e）n taxi，we walked t the crpratin. （3）Time 　 ?。╬ermit），we’ll wander arund the mall.
permitting 　
現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)中我們還應(yīng)注意：
1. 為了使分詞作狀語(yǔ)表達(dá)的意思更明確，可在其 前面加上適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞：when, while, nce, if, thugh, unless, even 等。 eg When waiting fr the bus, he saw an ld friend. Once lsing the chance, yu can’t easily find it. Dn’t talk while having dinner.
1) Walking in the park, I met an ld friend f mine.2) We walked as fast as we culd, hping t get there n time.結(jié)論：動(dòng)詞-ing形式所表示的動(dòng)作和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同 時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，可用_________________________。
2. 動(dòng)詞-ing形式動(dòng)作和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的先后順序
3) Having waited fr an hur, I became impatient.4) Having been t the Great Wall many times, he didn’t g last week.
結(jié)論：動(dòng)詞-ing形式所表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之 前發(fā)生，有明顯的先后順序時(shí)，可用 ______________________________。
完成形式(having dne)
Cmplete the jurnal entry with the crrect frm f the verbs in brackets.
Tday I perfrmed in the schl play. I did a gd jb! ______________ (see) all my family and friends in the audience applaud me, I felt s cnfident and grateful.
At first, I hadn’t realized hw much wrk it wuld be. The teacher was very strict, __________ (make) me s nervus that I wuld frget my lines. I ften stayed up late at night __________ (practise) my part.
making
___________ (feel) extremely discuraged, I almst gave up. But thanks t the supprt f my teacher, parents and friends, I vercame my fears, ____________ (knw) that I did the best I culd. It’s an unfrgettable experience. N pain, n gain, as the saying ges.
Rewrite the paragraph using the -ing frm.
I went t watch the ballet The Peny Pavilin last night. 1. Because I thught ballet was mre r less the same everywhere，I was ttally unprepared fr its unique beauty. As sn as the curtain rse，I was absrbed. 2. The perfrmance brrwed a lt frm Chinese dance and music，s the Eastern influence n the ballet was clear. 3. The prductin was full f clurs and rmantic symbls，and challenged my senses in new ways. 4. I enjyed it s much that it’s changed my pinin abut ballet. I can’t wait t g again!
1. Because I thught ballet was mre r less the same everywhere，I was ttally unprepared fr its unique beauty.
Having thught ballet was mre r less the same everywhere，I was ttally unprepared fr its unique beauty.
2. The perfrmance brrwed a lt frm Chinese dance and music，s the Eastern influence n the ballet was clear.
Brrwing a lt frm Chinese dance and music，the ballet was clearly influenced by the East.
3. The prductin was full f clurs and rmantic symbls，and challenged my senses in new ways.
The prductin was full f clurs and rmantic symbls，challenging my senses in new ways.
4. I enjyed it s much that it’s changed my pinin abut ballet. I can’t wait t g again!
Enjying it s much，I have changed my pinin abut ballet. I can’t wait t g again!
I went t watch the ballet The Peny Pavilin last night. Having thught ballet was mre r less the same everywhere，I was ttally unprepared fr its unique beauty. As sn as the curtain rse，I was absrbed. Brrwing a lt frm Chinese dance and music，the ballet was clearly influenced by the East. The prductin was full f clurs and rmantic symbls，challenging my senses in new ways. Enjying it s much，I have changed my pinin abut ballet. I can’t wait t g again!
II. 單句語(yǔ)法填空1. She returned t wrk_____________(feel) (knw) what t d, the children had t wait fr their parents t cme (thrw) yurself int yur study, yu will find it pleasant and (d) my hmewrk, I went t watch Peking Opera in the (keep) n yur feet, yu will make yurself mre tired.
6. Mre than 50% f the students in China are shrtsighted, (rank) first in the wrld. 7. She didn't pass the exam, (make) her parents upset. 8. When (face) s many ptins, the lin chse t wait instead f attacking the man. 9. (shw) arund the factry,they were very happy.
Having been shwed
10. (judge) frm his behaviur, he must be mad.11. _______________(wrk) amng the wrkers fr many years, he knew them very well.12. _________________ (praise) fr the jb, Tm wrked harder.
Having wrked
Having been praised
1. Later, they learned t wrk with the seasns (seasn), planting at the right time and, in dry areas, 63._________ (make) use f annual flds t irrigate(灌溉) their fields. (2020·浙江卷語(yǔ)法填空)2. A city is the prduct f human hand and mind, _________ (reflect) man's intelligence and creativity. (2019江蘇)

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