一、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語時(shí)的形式
[觀察例句]
①They sat in the classrm,reading the bks brrwed frm the library.
②I std there mtinless,nt knwing what t d.
③Having succeeded in the test,he became mre cnfident.
④Nt having finished his hmewrk,the by was still ding it in the classrm.
⑤Having been tld several times,he still culdn't understand hw t perate the machine.
[歸納用法]
(1)動(dòng)詞-ing(以d為例)從形式上可分為一般式(ding)與完成式(having dne),其被動(dòng)語態(tài)分別為being dne與having been dne。
(2)動(dòng)詞-ing形式的一般式作狀語,表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)或相繼發(fā)生,其否定式為nt ding。
(3)動(dòng)詞-ing形式的完成式作狀語,表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前。其否定式為nt having been dne。
[即學(xué)即練1] 完成句子
①他們又唱又笑地在街上走著。
They walked alng the street, singing and laughing.
②他站在門旁,不敢說一句話。
He std at the dr,nt daring t say a wrd.
③由于我已經(jīng)完成了所有的工作,我就坐下來休息一會(huì)兒。
Having finished all my hmewrk,I sat dwn t have a rest.
④沒有被邀請,她感到非常不愉快。
Nt having been invited,she felt very unhappy.
二、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語的具體情況
1.時(shí)間狀語
[觀察例句]
①Walking in the park,she came acrss an ld friend.
②Yu shuld never take a chance while driving a car.
[歸納用法]
動(dòng)詞-ing形式作時(shí)間狀語時(shí),相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語從句,有時(shí)可在前面加上when或while。例①的Walking=When she was walking。
[即學(xué)即練2] 用括號內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
①Hearing(hear) the gd news,he jumped with jy.
②Having finished(finish) his summary,he went ut fr a walk.
③When appraching(apprach) the crssrads,yu must be careful.
2.原因狀語
[觀察例句]
①Nt knwing his address,I culdn't call n him.
②Having eaten at the cafeteria befre,Tina didn't want t eat there again.
③Being well taken care f,she recvered quickly.
[歸納用法]
動(dòng)詞-ing形式作原因狀語時(shí),相當(dāng)于原因狀語從句。例①的Nt knwing=Because I didn't knw。
[即學(xué)即練3] 用括號內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
①Being(be) ill,he culdn't bk the flight.
②Having lived(live) in the city fr many years,I knew it well.
③Having been asked(ask) t wrk vertime that evening,I missed a wnderful film.
3.伴隨或方式狀語
[觀察例句]
①He sat in the armchair,reading a newspaper.
②He suddenly appeared in class ne day,wearing sunglasses.
[歸納用法]
動(dòng)詞-ing形式作伴隨或方式狀語時(shí),可以轉(zhuǎn)換成并列成分。例①的reading=and read。
[即學(xué)即練4] 用括號內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
①When I was little,my mther used t sit by my bed,reading(read) me stries till I fell asleep.
②She lay n the grass,feeling(feel) depressed abut the whle situatin.
4.條件狀語
[觀察例句]
①Turning t the left,yu will find a path.
②Taking mre exercise,yu'll becme strnger and healthier.
[歸納用法]
動(dòng)詞-ing形式作條件狀語時(shí),相當(dāng)于條件狀語從句。例①的Turning=If yu turn。
[即學(xué)即練5] 一句多譯
努力學(xué)習(xí),你就會(huì)通過這次考試。
①Wrking hard,yu will pass the exam.(動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語)
②If yu wrk hard,yu will pass the exam.(條件狀語從句)
③Wrk hard,and yu will pass the exam.(祈使句+and+陳述句)
5.讓步狀語
[觀察例句]
①Having tried many times,he still culdn't vercme the difficulties.
②Thugh lacking mney,his parents managed t send him t university seventeen years ag.
[歸納用法]
動(dòng)詞-ing形式作讓步狀語時(shí),相當(dāng)于讓步狀語從句,例①的Having tried=Althugh he had tried。有時(shí)可在動(dòng)詞-ing前面加上althugh/thugh,even if/even thugh等。
[即學(xué)即練6] 用括號內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
①Thugh wrking(wrk) hard,he culdn't earn enugh mney t pay ff his debt.
②Having been tld(tell) many times,he still culdn't understand the prblem.
6.結(jié)果狀語
[觀察例句]
①The by fell ff his bike,breaking his left arm.
②Their car was caught in a traffic jam,thus causing the delay.
[歸納用法]
動(dòng)詞-ing形式作結(jié)果狀語時(shí),表示必然的結(jié)果,通常放在句末,相當(dāng)于s或s that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句。例①的breaking=s that he brke。有時(shí)為了突出結(jié)果,可在動(dòng)詞-ing前加上thus。
[名師點(diǎn)津]
不定式作結(jié)果狀語時(shí),表示出人意料的結(jié)果,常與nly,never連用。
[即學(xué)即練7] 用括號內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
①He cmes hme late every evening,making(make) his wife very angry.
②Anxiusly,she tk the dress ut f the package and tried it n,nly t find(find) it didn't fit.
③The snw lasted a week,thus resulting(result) in a serius traffic cnfusin in the whle area.
7.評注性狀語
[觀察例句]
①Generally speaking,children are naturally curius.
②Cnsidering the budget,we have decided t give up the travel plan.
[歸納用法]
有些動(dòng)詞-ing形式用于句首,沒有邏輯主語而獨(dú)立存在,作為句子的獨(dú)立成分來修飾全句,表明說話者的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等,這被稱為評注性狀語。常見的評注性狀語有:generally speaking一般說來,frankly speaking坦率地說,rughly speaking大致說來,judging frm/by...根據(jù)……來判斷,cnsidering ...考慮到……,suppsing...假如……等。
[即學(xué)即練8] 完成句子
①Frankly speaking(坦率地說),the resurces in the wrld are very limited.
②Judging frm his accent(從他的口音判斷),he must be frm the suth.

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