一、語(yǔ)基必備知識(shí)
(一)重點(diǎn)詞匯——分類記憶
Ⅰ.閱讀詞匯——知其意
1．welfare n．　　　　　　　 福利；福利事業(yè)
2．project n. 項(xiàng)目；工程；規(guī)劃
3．institute n. 學(xué)會(huì)；學(xué)院；協(xié)會(huì)
4．specialist n. 專家；專業(yè)工作者
5．shade n．　　　 蔭；陰涼處
vt. 遮住光線
6．bond n.
7．nest n. 巢；窩
8．outspoken adj. 直言的；坦誠(chéng)
9．career n．　 　 　 事業(yè)；生涯
10．modest adj.
11．determination n. 決心；果斷
12．chimp n. (非洲)黑猩猩
Ⅱ.核心詞匯——寫其形
1．campaign n．　　　　 運(yùn)動(dòng)；戰(zhàn)役
vi. 作戰(zhàn)；參加運(yùn)動(dòng)
2．worthwhile adj. 值得的；值得做的
3．childhood n. 童年；幼年時(shí)代
4．respect vt.& n. 尊敬；尊重；敬意
5．crowd n. 人群；觀眾
vt. 擠滿；使擁擠
6．a(chǎn)udience n. 觀眾；聽眾；讀者
7．generation n. 一代；一輩
8．deliver vt. 遞送；生(小孩兒)；接生；發(fā)表(演說(shuō)等)
9．emergency n. 突發(fā)事件；緊急情況
10．rate n. 比率；速度
Ⅲ.拓展詞匯——通其變
1．a(chǎn)chieve vt.完成；達(dá)到→achievement n．成就；功績(jī)
2．connect vt.連接→connection n．連接；關(guān)系
3．organize vt.組織→organization n．組織；機(jī)構(gòu)；團(tuán)體
4．behave vt.& vi.舉動(dòng)；(舉止或行為)表現(xiàn)→behavio(u)r n．行為；舉止；習(xí)性
5．observe vt.觀察；觀測(cè)；遵守→observation n．觀察；觀測(cè)；監(jiān)視
6．a(chǎn)rgue vt.& vi.討論；辯論；爭(zhēng)論→argument n．爭(zhēng)論；爭(zhēng)辯；爭(zhēng)吵
7．inspire vt.鼓舞；激發(fā)；啟示→inspired adj.受到鼓舞的；有靈感的→inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的→inspiration n．靈感；鼓舞
8．refer vi.談到；查閱；參考→reference n．提及；涉及；參考；查閱
9．sick adj.生病的→sickness n．疾病；惡心
10．intend vt.計(jì)劃；打算→intention n．打算；目的；意圖
11．consider v．考慮；認(rèn)為→considerate adj.考慮周到的→consideration n．考慮；體諒→considering prep.考慮到
12．entertain vt.款待；使快樂(lè)→entertainment n．款待；娛樂(lè)；娛樂(lè)表演
13．support n．& vt.支持，擁護(hù)→supporter n．支持者
14．kind adj.仁慈的，好意的→kindness n．仁慈；好意

1.以-ation為后綴的高頻名詞集錦
①inspiration　　　　 靈感；鼓舞
②consideration 考慮；體諒
③celebration 慶祝；慶典
④appreciation 欣賞；感激
⑤expectation 期望
⑥congratulation 祝賀
2.以-ist為后綴的高頻名詞全接觸
①artist　　　　 藝術(shù)家
②specialist 專家；專業(yè)工作者
③pianist 鋼琴家
④tourist 游客
⑤scientist 科學(xué)家
⑥journalist 記者
3.“鼓舞；激勵(lì)”家族
①inspire vt.　　　 鼓舞；激發(fā)；啟示
②inspiration n. 靈感；鼓舞
③encourage vt. 鼓勵(lì)；激勵(lì)
④encouragement n. 鼓勵(lì)；激勵(lì)
⑤motivate vt. 激發(fā)；激勵(lì)
⑥motivation n. 激發(fā)；激勵(lì)
(二)重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)——記牢用活
1．move__off　 　　　　　 離開；起程；出發(fā)
2．lead__a...life 過(guò)著……的生活
3．crowd__in (想法、問(wèn)題等)涌上心頭；涌入腦海
4．look__down__upon/on 蔑視；瞧不起
5．refer__to 查閱；參考；談到
6．by__chance 碰巧；湊巧
7．come__across (偶然)遇見；碰見
8．carry__on 繼續(xù)；堅(jiān)持
9．devote...to... 獻(xiàn)身于……；專心于……
10．work__out 解決；鍛煉身體；結(jié)果是

1.“v.＋off”短語(yǔ)速記
①move off　　 　　　 離開；起程；出發(fā)
②pay off 還清；取得好結(jié)果
③put off 推遲
④give off 發(fā)出(光、熱、氣味等)
⑤take off 起飛；脫掉
⑥set off 出發(fā)；爆炸
2.“v.＋on”短語(yǔ)小結(jié)
①carry on　　　　　　　 繼續(xù)；堅(jiān)持
②depend on 依賴；依靠
③take on 呈現(xiàn)
④go on 繼續(xù)
⑤put on 穿上
⑥r(nóng)ely on 依賴；依靠
(三)重點(diǎn)句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：“only＋狀語(yǔ)”位于句首時(shí)的部分倒裝
Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was__she__allowed to begin her project.　她母親頭幾個(gè)月來(lái)幫她的忙，這才使她得以開始自己的計(jì)劃。
句型2：once引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“一旦……就……”
Once__I__stop,__it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories.　我一旦停下來(lái)，所有的一切都會(huì)涌上心頭，我就會(huì)想起實(shí)驗(yàn)室里的黑猩猩。
句型3：“It hits/hit sb.＋從句”表示“某人突然想起……”
Suddenly it__hit__me__how__difficult__it__was for a woman to get medical training at that time.　突然我想起在那個(gè)年代，一個(gè)女子去學(xué)醫(yī)是多么困難啊。
句型4：It is/was...that/who...強(qiáng)調(diào)句
Further reading made me realize that it__was__hard__work__and__determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school.
進(jìn)一步閱讀使我了解到，是苦干、決心和善良的天性使她走進(jìn)了醫(yī)學(xué)院的大門。
二、語(yǔ)境強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練
Ⅰ.語(yǔ)境填詞——根據(jù)提示寫出該詞的適當(dāng)形式
1．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá) )I learned Chinese painting for more than ten years in my childhood(童年)．
2．(2017·江蘇卷書面表達(dá))The quality of life has improved and watching films is regarded as a good means of entertainment(娛樂(lè))．
3．Tom, the top student of our class, thinks studying is a very worthwhile(值得做的) work.
4．The Chinese people observe(慶祝) the Spring Festival from generation to generation.
5．The headmaster delivered(發(fā)表) an important speech at the meeting yesterday, which left a deep impression on his students.
6．(2018·天津卷)The possibility that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired(激勵(lì)) scientists to explore the outer space.
7．On the National Day, the streets are crowded(crowd) with a large number of people.
8．There is little connection(connect) between the two boys even though they look much alike.
Ⅱ.語(yǔ)境品詞——寫出加黑詞匯在語(yǔ)境中的意義
1．(2019·浙江卷6月七選五)They became the hottest thing on the pop music scene in England.They began as a modestly successful musician group and ended the year as show business legends(傳說(shuō))．相當(dāng)?shù)?br /> 2．(2019·江蘇卷閱讀C)Understanding technological trends is very important for correctly designing economic policies，both at the national and the international levels，and for making the right career choices at the individual level.事業(yè)；生涯
3．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ閱讀B)With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.妙計(jì)
Ⅲ.派生詞練習(xí)——用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1．The rich man went abroad with the intention of trying his fortune, while the poor man intended to learn some skills of earning money.(intend)
2．Listening to his inspiring speech, we were inspired to make great efforts. It gave us not only hope but also inspiration．(inspire)
3．He argued against smoking, and insisted that it was beyond argument that smoking was harmful to health. At last, he argued us out of smoking.(argue)
4．It is considerate of you to take my application into consideration at your early convenience.(consider)
5．I hold the firm belief that you are bound to achieve your dream of being admitted to a key university, which will give you a wonderful sense of achievement．(achieve)
6．The child behaved so well in class that the teacher praised his good behaviour in front of others. (behave)
Ⅳ.選詞成篇
intend for; carry on with; live an active life; deliver a speech; refer to; behave oneself
Fu Xiuying, a famous woman writer who graduated from our school，1.delivered__a__speech on the importance of reading books. She argued that we should form the habit of reading. In her speech, she 2.referred__to the campaign she launched last year to raise people’s awareness of reading. She said, once we determined to read a book, we should 3.carry__on__with it. After listening to her speech, I was greatly moved. It hit me that I was supposed to buy Fu Xiuying’s book 4.intended__for senior students. In her book, Fu shares her feelings and ideas with us about teaching children how to 5.behave__themselves and learn to respect others. She inspires us to 6.live__an__active__life no matter what happens. I think it is worthwhile reading her book.
Ⅴ.完成句子
1．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))只有你很好地了解一些中國(guó)的餐桌禮儀你才能表現(xiàn)得體。
Only you have a better understanding of Chinese table manners can__you__behave__properly．
2．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ書面表達(dá))事實(shí)上，一旦你掌握了方法，剪紙就不難學(xué)了。
As a matter of fact, paper-cutting is easy to learn once__you__master__the__methods．
3．住院一個(gè)星期后，我突然意識(shí)到?jīng)]有什么比健康更重要。
After I was in hospital for a week, it__hit__me__that nothing was more important than health.
4．俗話說(shuō)，熟能生巧。只有這樣我們才能提高我們的英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)。
As the old saying goes, practice makes perfect. It is only in this way that__we__can__improve__our__oral__English．

behave　vt.& vi. 舉動(dòng)；(舉止或行為)表現(xiàn)
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①Personally, it is completely wrong of him to behave towards/to others and life with such an attitude.
②Students should be encouraged to develop good habits and behave themselves(they)．
[能力提升]——微寫作
③(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))就我個(gè)人而言，我們大家都應(yīng)該注意在公共場(chǎng)所的舉止。
As far as I’m concerned, all of us should mind__our__behaviour__in__public__places．

(1)behave well/badly to/towards sb.
　　　　　　　　 對(duì)待某人好/差
behave oneself 守規(guī)矩；表現(xiàn)得體
(2)behavio(u)r n. 舉止；行為　
[佳句背誦] Meanwhile, it is necessary for the government to encourage people to behave properly in public places.　與此同時(shí)，政府有必要鼓勵(lì)人們?cè)诠矆?chǎng)所的行為舉止要適當(dāng)。
observe　vt.觀察；觀測(cè)；遵守；注意到；慶祝
[一詞多義]——寫出下列句中observe的含義
①Though having lived abroad for years, many Chinese still observe the traditional customs.遵守
②It is a tradition for the people here to observe the Spring Festival.慶祝
③(2019·天津卷)We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made an impact on our lives in many ways.觀察到
④The thief was observed to open the window and run away.注意到
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤在泰山之巔，人們興奮地觀看太陽(yáng)從海上升起。
On the top of Mountain Tai, people excitedly observed__the__sun__(was)__rising__from__the__sea．

observe sb.do sth.　　　 觀察某人做某事(全過(guò)程)
observe sb.doing sth.　　 觀察某人正在做某事
observe that... 觀察……
observe the traffic rules 遵守交通規(guī)則
observe Christmas 慶祝圣誕節(jié)
[佳句背誦] In a word, there are so many disadvantages of Internet voting that it is not worth trusting.Therefore, rules should be worked out and strictly observed.
總之，網(wǎng)上投票有很多缺點(diǎn)，不值得信任。因此，應(yīng)該制定規(guī)則并嚴(yán)格遵守。(江蘇卷書面表達(dá))
respect　vt.尊敬；尊重　n．細(xì)節(jié)；方面；敬意；問(wèn)候
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空/猜測(cè)加黑詞的含義
①(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))In China, we attach great importance to respecting(respect) the elderly.
②China is developing very rapidly in all respects and we’re all proud of our motherland. 方面
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升級(jí)
③Chinese children grow up with warnings not to waste a single grain of rice, out__of__respect__for__farmers’__labor(出于對(duì)農(nóng)民勞動(dòng)的尊敬)．
④(普通表達(dá))We respect our English teacher. Her modesty and good behaviour make a deep impression on us.
(高級(jí)表達(dá))We show__respect__for our English teacher whose__modesty__and__good__behaviour__make__a__deep__impression__on__us．(替換加黑詞；升級(jí)為定語(yǔ)從句)

(1)respect sb. for sth.　　　 因某事而尊重某人
(2)have/show respect for sb. 尊重某人
out of respect for... 出于對(duì)……的尊敬
(3)give/send one’s respects to sb.
向某人表示敬意
[佳句背誦] When I have a different opinion，I may choose to give it up and respect the opinion of the majority.　當(dāng)我有不同的意見時(shí)，我可能會(huì)選擇放棄并尊重多數(shù)人的意見。
[名師點(diǎn)津]
(1)respect表示“細(xì)節(jié)；方面”時(shí)為可數(shù)名詞；
(2)respect表示“敬意；問(wèn)候”時(shí)，多用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
argue　vi.& vt.討論；辯論；爭(zhēng)論；證明；說(shuō)服；主張
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空/猜測(cè)加黑詞的含義
①How I regretted arguing with her about the important question, which made us all unhappy.
②After a long time of discussion they accepted the agreement without argument(argue)．
③(2017·浙江卷6月)The governments argue that this will help foreigners better join the society and promote understanding across cultures.主張
[能力提升]——一句多譯
我們想方設(shè)法勸說(shuō)他接受我們的建議， 但都是徒勞。
④We tried many ways to__argue__him__into__following our advice, but in vain.(argue)
⑤We tried many ways to__persuade__him__to__follow/into__following our advice, but in vain.(persuade)
⑥We tried many ways to__talk__him__into__following our advice, but in vain.(talk)
⑦We tried many ways to__convince__him__to__follow our advice, but in vain.(convince)

(1)argue for...　　　 為……而爭(zhēng)論；贊成……
argue against... 爭(zhēng)辯/反對(duì)……
argue with sb. on/about/over sth.
與某人爭(zhēng)辯某事
(2)argue sb. into/out of doing sth.
說(shuō)服某人做/不做某事
(3)argument n. 爭(zhēng)論；爭(zhēng)辯；爭(zhēng)吵；論點(diǎn)　
[佳句背誦] It’s no use arguing with him about the question for he won’t change his mind.
和他爭(zhēng)論這個(gè)問(wèn)題是沒(méi)有用的，因?yàn)樗粫?huì)改變主意。
[聯(lián)想發(fā)散] “說(shuō)服某人做某事”的表達(dá)形式：
①persuade sb.to__do sth.；
②persuade sb.into__doing sth.；
③convince sb.to__do sth.；
④talk sb.into__doing sth.
support　n．& vt.支持；擁護(hù)
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空/同義詞替換
①Supported(support) by the government，the research eventually turned out to be a great success.
②Supporting such a large family is really a heavy load for her.Feeding
[能力提升]——微寫作
③(2019·天津卷)湯姆很獨(dú)立，除非他想得到父母的支持，否則他從不征求父母的意見。
Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents’ opinion unless__he__wants__their__support．

(1)support a family　　　　 養(yǎng)家糊口
support oneself 自力更生
(2)in support of sb.　　　　 支持某人
(3)supporter n. 支持者
[佳句背誦] ①Only a few people were in support of his plan, which made him very disappointed.
只有幾個(gè)人支持他的計(jì)劃，這使他很失望。
②Supported by you, we can surely win in the robotic competition.　在你的支持下，我們?cè)跈C(jī)器人比賽中肯定會(huì)贏。(2018·天津卷)
intend　vt.計(jì)劃；打算
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①To improve our English and get more students interested in English, I intend to__organize/organizing(organize) some activities.
②This program was set up with an intention(intend) of providing help to homeless people.
[能力提升]——一句多譯
(2018·北京卷書面表達(dá))這所大學(xué)以其面向國(guó)際學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言和文化課程而聞名。
③The university is known for its language and culture courses which__is__intended__for__international__students．(定語(yǔ)從句)
④The university is known for its language and culture courses intended__for__international__students．(分詞作定語(yǔ))

(1)intend to do/doing sth. 打算做某事
intend sb. to do sth. 打算讓某人做某事
had intended to do sth./intended to have done sth. 本來(lái)打算做某事
(2)be intended to do sth. 打算做某事
be intended for... 專門為……；專門給……
(3)with an/the intention of 抱有……的目的；打算……　
[佳句背誦] I looked carefully at the text and realized that it was intended for women in the countryside.　我仔細(xì)地看了這篇文章， 了解到它是為農(nóng)村婦女而寫的。
look down upon/on　蔑視；輕視；瞧不起
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——用look的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)填空
①Therefore，there is no reason for us to look__down__upon ordinary jobs.
②I like to look__back__on my high school days, which were the happiest in my life.
③The reason why I look__up__to the artist is that his works are inspiring.
[能力提升]——微寫作
④(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ書面表達(dá))我熱烈歡迎您和您的演出。同時(shí)，我期待著盡快收到您的回信。
I’d like to express my warm welcome to you and your performances.Meanwhile, I__am__looking__forward__to__hearing__from__you__as__soon__as__possible．

look up to　　　　　　 尊敬；仰視
look forward to 盼望；期待
look into 調(diào)查；觀察；窺視
look up 抬頭看；查閱
look back on 回憶；回顧
look out (for...) 注意；留意
look through 瀏覽；仔細(xì)查看　
[佳句背誦] With the development of science and technology, China has become a powerful country. The days are gone when Chinese people were looked down upon.
隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，中國(guó)已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的國(guó)家。中國(guó)人被瞧不起的日子已經(jīng)一去不復(fù)返了。
refer to　提及；談到；參考；查閱；提交；把……稱作……
[一詞多義]——寫出下列句中refer to的含義
①If you don’t know the exact meaning of the word, you may refer to the dictionary.查閱；參考
②We have reached an agreement that we will not refer to the matter again.提及
③People who work in offices are usually referred to as “white collar workers”．把……稱作……
④As the situation was unusual, he referred the matter to the editor.把……提交給……

(1)refer to...as...　　　　 把……稱作……
refer...to... 把……提交給……
(2)reference n. 提及；參考；查閱
reference book 參考書；工具書　
[佳句背誦] The textbooks and dictionaries can be used as reference books while the magazines serve as reading materials.
課本和字典可以用作參考書而雜志可作為閱讀材料。
carry on　繼續(xù)；堅(jiān)持；進(jìn)行(生意、談話等)
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①You’ll have an accident if you carry on driving(drive) like that.
②First of all, the most significant thing is to set a goal, work out a plan and carry out your plan step by step.
[能力提升]——詞匯升級(jí)
③(普通表達(dá))If you continue working like that，you will break down sooner or later.
(高級(jí)表達(dá))If you carry__on working like that, you will break down sooner or later.

carry on　　　
carry out 實(shí)行；執(zhí)行；進(jìn)行；履行(諾言、義務(wù)等)　
[佳句背誦] I hate it when she calls me at work—I’m always too busy to carry on a conversation with her.　我討厭工作時(shí)她給我打電話——我一直很忙，沒(méi)時(shí)間與她進(jìn)行談話。(天津卷)

once引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“一旦……就……”
(教材P2)Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories.　我一旦停下來(lái)，所有的一切都會(huì)涌上心頭，我就會(huì)想起實(shí)驗(yàn)室里的黑猩猩。
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——完成句子
①Once__you__begin__to__do__something(一旦你開始做某事), you must carry on with it, otherwise you will never achieve anything.
②You will be successful in the interview once__you__have__confidence(一旦你有自信心)．
[能力提升]——句式升級(jí)
③(普通表達(dá))Once it is lost, the good chance may never come again.
(高級(jí)表達(dá))Once__lost,__the good chance may never come again.(省略)

(1)once引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“一旦……就……”。
(2)若once 引導(dǎo)的從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)一致， 且從句中含有be動(dòng)詞的某種形式， 可省略從句中的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞?！?
[佳句背誦] Once you have a good command of English, you will have an advantage over others when you hunt for a job.
一旦你精通英語(yǔ)，在找工作時(shí)你就比其他人有優(yōu)勢(shì)。
“It hits/hit sb.＋從句”表示“某人突然想起……”
(教材P6)Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.
突然我想起在那個(gè)年代，一個(gè)女子去學(xué)醫(yī)是多么困難啊。
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①It happens that he told me not to depend on fortune, but on conduct.
[能力提升]——一句多譯
(全國(guó)卷Ⅲ書面表達(dá))我突然想到我忘記我們的約定了。
②It__hit__me__that I had forgotten our appointment.
③It__occurred__to__me__that I had forgotten our appointment.
④It__struck__me__that I had forgotten our appointment.

it作形式主語(yǔ)的其他常見句型：
(1)It occurs to sb. that...　 某人突然想到……
(2)It strikes sb. that... 某人突然想到……
(3)It happens that... 碰巧……　
[佳句背誦] It hit me why my mother didn’t want to tell me that she was sick.
我突然明白我母親為什么不想告訴我她生病了。

Ⅰ.詞形轉(zhuǎn)換和動(dòng)詞的形式變換(用所給詞的正確形式填空)
1．(2019·浙江卷6月概要寫作)We should especially recognize our children’s efforts to push themselves and work hard to__achieve(achieve) a goal.
2．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ語(yǔ)法填空)Once his message was__delivered(deliver), he allowed me to stay and watch.
3．Having a large family to__support(support), he took up two part-time jobs in his spare time.
4．(2019·天津卷)I was extremely inspired(inspire) by the elegant way the words sounded.
5．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Recently, people have begun studying the connection(connect) between the natural world and healing(治愈)．
6．Our English teacher is__respected(respect) for her kindness and broad knowledge.
Ⅱ.固定用法和搭配(在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式)
1．He managed to confirm that it was worthwhile to__start/starting(start) a campaign to protect our environment.
2．When you make a speech, you’d better prepare for it well in advance and not refer to your notes too often.
3．It was at dawn that Bruce was observed to__leave(leave) the building and take a taxi away.
4．Once students decide which college to go to，they should research the admission procedures.
5．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ語(yǔ)法填空)But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her education.
Ⅲ.熟詞生義(根據(jù)具體語(yǔ)境寫出加黑詞的詞性及含義)
1．Chinese people observe the Spring Festival in the same way that western people celebrate Christmas Day.vt.慶祝
2．(江蘇卷)With the development of the society, Internet voting has become more and more popular, gradually affecting people’s life in all respects.n.方面
3．The coat was sold at a modest price so I bought it at once.adj.合情合理的

提能一　語(yǔ)段填空(在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式)
(一)
My mother is a 1.respected(respect) woman, who never looks 2.down upon any people. Besides, she is so strict with me that she always reminds me not to refer 3.to notes in the exam. Now I have grown up and become more independent, but 4.once I come across setbacks, my mother will always encourage me to carry 5.on. Therefore, it hits me 6.that nobody is happier than me because I have such a good mother.
(二)
As is well known, the surroundings where a child is brought up are in 1.connection(connect) with the formation of good 2.behaviour(behave). Last month, a program began in our community with the 3.intention(intend) of helping children form good public behaviour. A famous professor delivered an 4.inspiring(inspire) speech. He called on adults to set good examples for children by being 5.considerate(consider) and thoughtful to others.
提能二　話題寫作(用本單元詞匯、句式和語(yǔ)法知識(shí)寫滿分作文)
假定你是李華，你校英文報(bào)正在征稿，題目是“The Most Impressive Woman in My Life”，請(qǐng)你寫一篇稿件，投給校英文報(bào)。內(nèi)容包括：①這位女士的特點(diǎn)；②這位女士給你的影響。
1．補(bǔ)全要點(diǎn)句(黑體部分請(qǐng)用本單元所學(xué)詞匯)
①談到我生命中印象最深的女士，我突然想到我的英語(yǔ)老師趙老師，她是最令人印象深刻的一個(gè)人。
When it comes to the most impressive woman in my life, it__hits__me__that__my__English__teacher__Miss__Zhao__is__the__most__impressive__one．
②作為教師，她畢生致力于教學(xué)。
As a teacher, she__has__devoted__her__whole__life__to__teaching．
③她寫了許多文章，有些文章是針對(duì)英語(yǔ)薄弱的學(xué)生的。
She has written many articles, and some of them are__intended__for__students__poor__in__English．
④她對(duì)所有學(xué)生的關(guān)愛(ài)和體貼讓她深受尊重。
The__kindness__and__consideration she shows to all students make her highly respected．
⑤在她的鼓舞和幫助下，我表現(xiàn)得很好并進(jìn)步很大。
With__her__inspiration__and__help,__I__have__behaved__well__and__achieved__much.
⑥無(wú)可爭(zhēng)辯，趙老師就是一位讓我印象深刻并贏得我尊重的老師。
It__is__beyond__argument__that__Miss__Zhao__is__the__one__who__impresses__me__most__and__wins__my__respect.
2．升級(jí)平淡句
⑦利用“介詞＋which”引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句升級(jí)句③
She__has__written__many__articles,__some__of__which__are__intended__for__students__poor__in__English.
⑧利用強(qiáng)調(diào)句升級(jí)句④
It__is__the__kindness__and__consideration__she__shows__to__all__students__that__make__her__highly__respected.
3．銜接成美文(注意使用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^(guò)渡銜接詞匯：besides，most importantly)
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One possible version：
The Most Impressive Woman in My Life
When it comes to the most impressive woman in my life, it hits me that my English teacher Miss Zhao is the most impressive one.
As a teacher, she has devoted her whole life to teaching. Besides, she has written many articles, some of which are intended for students poor in English. Most importantly, it is the kindness and consideration she shows to all students that make her highly respected. With her inspiration and help, I have behaved well and achieved much.
It is beyond argument that Miss Zhao is the one who impresses me most and wins my respect.

(建議用時(shí)：35分鐘)
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
(2020·溫州適應(yīng)性測(cè)試)Stan Lee, co-founder of the Marvel Universe(漫威宇宙) and co-creator of many of its most popular superheroes, died at the age of 95.
Lee was born Stanley Martin Lieber in New York in 1922. As a son of working-class Jewish immigrants from Romania, times were hard and he lived with his family in a shabby single-bedroom apartment. After graduating from high school at 16, Lieber landed a job as an assistant at Timely Comics. By the early 1940s, he was a temporary editor for the company. It was at this time that he began using his pen name—Stan Lee. In 1947, two years after returning from serving for the U. S. Army, Lee married his wife, Joan. The two began their 70-year marriage and had two children.
In the late 1950s, DC Comics breathed new life into its classic superhero and experienced a significant success with its updated version of the Flash, and later with super-team the Justice League of America.
To compete against DC Comics, Lee was given the task of creating their own group of superheroes. In 1961, Timely Comics changed its name into Marvel Comics after Atlas Comics, and that November saw the debut(首次亮相) of the Fantastic Four. Lee’s later famous and lasting creations of comic-book superheroes included Spider-Man, the Hulk, Thor, Iron Man and the X-Men.
Over the course of his career, Lee was an icon of Marvel Comics. As a writer and editor and, at various points, both the publisher and vice president of Marvel Comics, Lee not only introduced interesting characters to the industry, but changed the way that comic books came together. He also created a cooperative workflow between writers and artists, which became known as the “Marvel Method”. Lee received a National Medal of Arts in 2008 for his innovations that revolutionized American comic books.
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文主要介紹了漫威創(chuàng)始人斯坦·李富于傳奇色彩的一生。作為一名漫威創(chuàng)始人，他對(duì)美國(guó)的漫畫進(jìn)行了革新，創(chuàng)造了許多超級(jí)英雄，榮獲了國(guó)家藝術(shù)獎(jiǎng)?wù)隆?br /> 1．What do we know about Lee from paragraph 2?
A．He served for the U．S. Army for two years.
B．He suffered from an unfortunate marriage.
C．He had a tough and struggling childhood.
D．He adopted his pen name at the age of 16.
C　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“As a son of working-class Jewish immigrants from Romania, times were hard and he lived with his family in a shabby single-bedroom apartment...as an assistant at Timely Comics.”可知，斯坦·李擁有一個(gè)艱辛的童年，故選C項(xiàng)。
2．What does the underlined word “icon” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Statue. B．Agent.
C．Assistant. D．Symbol.
D　解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。最后一段介紹了斯坦·李的成就，作為漫威宇宙的創(chuàng)始人之一，斯坦·李可以算是美漫歷史上最偉大的人物之一，沒(méi)有他可能就沒(méi)有現(xiàn)在的漫威世界，所以他可以被稱為是漫威宇宙的標(biāo)志。由此可推知，icon意為“標(biāo)志”，故選D項(xiàng)。
3．What can be the best title for the text?
A．Stan Lee, the Godfather of Marvel Comics
B．The Development of Marvel Comics
C．Stan Lee, a Superhero in Comic Books
D．The Popular Superheroes of Marvel Comics
A　解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文介紹了漫威創(chuàng)始人之一斯坦·李的傳奇一生，他對(duì)美國(guó)漫畫的影響力是令人矚目的，他生前所創(chuàng)作的經(jīng)典作品在世界上都可以稱作是頂級(jí)的文化品牌，所以他被稱為漫威之父。godfather意為“開拓者；發(fā)起者；創(chuàng)始人”，故選A項(xiàng)。
B
(2020·杭州四校聯(lián)考)You can’t see your sleeping pet’s brain waves, but its behavior can tell you when your cat might be dreaming. If you watch closely, you’ll see that as she falls asleep, her breathing becomes slow and regular with her body still. She has entered the first stage of sleep, called slow-wave sleep. After about 15 minutes you’ll notice a change in her breathing. Her eyes move under her closed lids, her paws twitch(抽動(dòng)) and she flicks(輕拂) an ear. She has entered dreaming. Although she twitches and makes little grunting noises, messages from her brain to the large muscles in her legs are blocked, so she can’t run about. She is in a state of “sleep paralysis(麻痹)”．
Michel Jouvet, a French scientist, interrupted their sleep paralysis. Even though they were completely asleep, the dreaming cats began to run for balls that Jouvet couldn’t see and arched their backs at unseen enemies. He figured he was watching them act out their dreams! Obviously, the dreaming cats seemed to be practising important cat skills: following, pouncing, and fighting.
In another study, Matt Wilson recorded rats’ brain waves while they learned mazes. One day, he left the brain-wave-recording machine on while the rats fell asleep. The pattern of brain waves in the sleeping rats matched the pattern from the maze so closely that Wilson could figure out exactly which part of the maze each rat was dreaming about!
Many researchers now think that in both people and animals, one purpose of dreams is to practise important skills and figure out recent learning. This may explain why so many people dream about fighting and escaping, skills that were probably important to our ancestors, and why dreaming affects our ability to learn.
Do all animals dream? From looking at the brain waves of sleeping animals, how often animals dream seems to be tied to body size. Cats dream about every 15 minutes, mice every 9 minutes, and elephants every 2 hours. And though cows and horses usually sleep standing up, they only dream when lying down.
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，動(dòng)物和人類一樣，也經(jīng)常會(huì)做夢(mèng)，夢(mèng)的內(nèi)容常常跟學(xué)習(xí)重要的技能和弄清最近學(xué)習(xí)的東西相關(guān)；體型越小的動(dòng)物，做夢(mèng)的頻率越高。
4．What does Michel Jouvet find in his study?
A．The dreaming cats are in a state of body paralysis.
B．The dreaming cats often practise their important skills.
C．The eyes of dreaming cats move while bodies are still.
D．The legs of the dreaming cats can’t move.
B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段尾句“Obviously, the dreaming cats seemed to be practising important cat skills：following, pouncing, and fighting.”可知，這些做夢(mèng)的貓似乎在練習(xí)重要的貓科動(dòng)物技能：跟隨、猛撲和打斗。據(jù)此可知，Michel Jouvet在研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)，睡夢(mèng)中的貓經(jīng)常訓(xùn)練重要的技能，故B項(xiàng)正確。
5．What can you know about dreaming from the passage?
A．Dreaming a lot can help humans learn more.
B．Learning mazes is the basic skill for cats to learn.
C．Rats often dream to work out their recent learning.
D．Fighting and escaping are not important skills for ancestors.
C　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“Many researchers now think that in both people and animals，one purpose of dreams is to practise important skills and figure out recent learning.”可知，許多研究人員現(xiàn)在認(rèn)為，無(wú)論是人還是動(dòng)物，做夢(mèng)的一個(gè)目的都是練習(xí)重要的技能，并弄清最近學(xué)習(xí)的東西；據(jù)此可推知，老鼠經(jīng)常通過(guò)做夢(mèng)來(lái)弄清楚最近學(xué)習(xí)的東西，故C項(xiàng)正確。
6．How does the author develop his passage?
A．By making comparisons. B．By using figures.
C．By telling stories. D．By showing facts.
D　解析：寫作手法題。根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句“Although she twitches and makes little grunting noises, messages from her brain to the large muscles in her legs are blocked, so she can’t run about.”并結(jié)合全文其他內(nèi)容可知，文中列舉了大量事實(shí)來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)物做夢(mèng)的現(xiàn)象，從而組織文章，故D項(xiàng)正確。
【難句分析】　If you watch closely, you’ll see that as she falls asleep, her breathing becomes slow and regular with her body still.
分析：該句為主從復(fù)合句。句中If you watch closely為if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句；that as she falls asleep, her breathing becomes slow and regular with her body still為that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，作及物動(dòng)詞see的賓語(yǔ)，其中as she falls asleep為as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。
譯文：如果你仔細(xì)觀察，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)她睡著時(shí)，她的呼吸變得緩慢而有規(guī)律，而她的身體卻靜止不動(dòng)。
Ⅱ.完形填空
When Markita was little, her mother said to her, “I’ll work hard to make enough money to send you to a famous college. When you __1__， you’ll earn enough money to take me to travel around the world.”
At the age of thirteen, Markita __2__ in her Girl Scout magazine that whoever sold the most cookies would win an all-expenses-paid __3__ for two around the world. Then she decided to __4__ in the activity. But a __5__ desire is not enough. To make her dream come true, Markita asked some __6__ from her aunt.
“Always wear your Girl Scout __7__，” her aunt advised. “When you are doing __8__， dress like you are doing __9__. Smile to people. Whether they buy or not always be __10__．”
Lots of other female classmates also __11__ to win that trip but only Markita made it. She worked in her uniform each day, going door-to-door after school. The painfully shy Markita __12__ herself into a cookie-selling expert. She __13__ sold 3，526 boxes of Girl Scout cookies that year and __14__ her free trip around the world with her mother.
Markita is no __15__ than thousands of other people. The only __16__ is that she has found the secret of success: Courage to ask! Many people fail before they try __17__ they do not have courage to face the fear of __18__， which leads many of us to __19__ our dreams.
As Markita has __20__， courage is not the absence of fear. It is doing what it takes despite one’s fear.
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　13歲的時(shí)候，Markita得知幫助《女童子軍》雜志賣餅干最多的人會(huì)獲得免費(fèi)全球雙人游的機(jī)會(huì)，她想贏得這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，后來(lái)在自己的努力下，她實(shí)現(xiàn)了愿望。
1．A.withdraw B．graduate
C．progress D．study
B　解析：根據(jù)上文中的“make enough money to send you to a famous college”可推知，此處表示：當(dāng)你畢業(yè)了，你能賺足夠的錢，帶我去環(huán)游世界。故選B。
2．A.heard B．checked
C．wrote D．read
D　解析：根據(jù)該句中的“magazine”可知，Markita是在雜志上讀到這則消息的。故選D。
3．A.trip B．rent
C．scholarship D．insurance
A　解析：根據(jù)下文的“her free trip”可知，只要賣得餅干最多，就可以獲得兩人免費(fèi)旅游的機(jī)會(huì)。故選A。
4．A.bring B．call
C．take D．participate
D　解析：根據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容可知，她決定參加這個(gè)活動(dòng)。故選D。
5．A.fading B．surprising
C．boring D．burning
D　解析：根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容可知，只有一個(gè)強(qiáng)烈的(burning)愿望是不夠的。故選D。
6．A.donations B．schedules
C．suggestions D．efforts
C　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“her aunt advised”可知，她向她的姑母尋求一些建議。故選C。
7．A.uniform B．sweater
C．overcoat D．blouse
A　解析：根據(jù)第四段第二句中的“She worked in her uniform each day”可知，她的姑母建議她穿上女童子軍的制服。故選A。
8．A.science B．business
C．homework D．research
B　解析：根據(jù)下文的“Smile to people.”可知，這里講述的是推銷商品時(shí)的禮節(jié)。由此可知，她的姑母建議她在做生意(business)的時(shí)候，穿著要像認(rèn)真(seriously)做生意的樣子。
9．A.naturally B．comfortably
C．seriously D．casually
C　解析：參見上題解析。A項(xiàng)意為“自然地”；B項(xiàng)意為“舒適地”；C項(xiàng)意為“認(rèn)真地”；D項(xiàng)意為“隨意地”。
10．A.friendly B．careful
C．cautious D．strict
A　解析：根據(jù)前一句“Smile to people.”并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，無(wú)論他們買不買你的東西，要總是對(duì)他們友好。故選A。
11．A.remembered B．pretended
C．tried D．managed
C　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“but only Markita made it”可知，Markita的許多女同學(xué)也在努力贏得這次旅行，但只有她成功了。故選C。
12．A.admitted B．transformed
C．involved D．cheated
B　解析：根據(jù)上文中的“going door-to-door after school”可推知，Markita每天放學(xué)后挨家挨戶地推銷餅干，她已經(jīng)將非常害羞的自己轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐粋€(gè)餅干推銷專家。故選B。
13．A.firmly B．simply
C．immediately D．successfully
D　解析：根據(jù)上文的“only Markita made it”以及“a cookie-selling expert”可知，那年她成功地(successfully)賣掉了3 526盒女童子軍餅干，贏得(gained)了和母親一起免費(fèi)環(huán)游世界的機(jī)會(huì)。故選D。
14．A.gained B．discussed
C．a(chǎn)dvertised D．promised
A　解析：參見上題解析。
15．A.richer B．smarter
C．weaker D．quieter
B　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“she has found the secret of success: Courage to ask”可知，Markita并不比其他人更聰明(smarter)，她與其他人唯一的差別(difference)就是她找到了成功的秘密，即要有問(wèn)的勇氣。
16．A.hardship B．difference
C．condition D．obstacle
B　解析：參見上題解析。
17．A.until B．while
C．a(chǎn)lthough D．because
D　解析：根據(jù)該空后的“they do not have courage to face the fear of ______”可知，很多人在嘗試之前就失敗了，因?yàn)樗麄儧](méi)有勇氣去面對(duì)被拒絕的恐懼，這也導(dǎo)致我們中的很多人放棄了自己的夢(mèng)想。故選D。
18．A.unemployment B．environment
C．rejection D．distance
C　解析：此處指他們沒(méi)有勇氣去面對(duì)被拒絕的恐懼。C項(xiàng)意為“拒絕”，符合語(yǔ)境。
19．A.give up B．run after
C．put away D．go through
A　解析：此處指我們中的很多人放棄了自己的夢(mèng)想。故選A。
20．A.suspected B．imagined
C．discovered D．forecast
C　解析：根據(jù)上文的“she has found the secret of success: Courage to ask”可知，Markita發(fā)現(xiàn)了成功的秘密；由此可知，此處表示：如同Markita所發(fā)現(xiàn)的那樣，勇氣并不是無(wú)所畏懼。故選C。

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