一、語基必備知識
(一)重點詞匯——分類記憶
Ⅰ.閱讀詞匯——知其意
1．a(chǎn)stronomy n．　　　　　　　 天文學(xué)
2．fundamental adj. 基本的；基礎(chǔ)的
3．solar n. 太陽的；日光的
4．a(chǎn)tom n. 原子
5．carbon n. 碳
6．dioxide n. 二氧化物
7．vapour n. 蒸氣；水蒸氣
8．presence n．　 　 出席；到場；存在
9．dissolve vt.& vi. 溶解；解散
10．a(chǎn)cid n. 酸
11．chain n. 鏈子；連鎖；鎖鏈
12．multiply vi.& vt. 乘；增加
13．oxygen n. 氧
14．mammal n．　 　 哺乳動物
15．geologist n. 地質(zhì)學(xué)家
16．extinct adj. 滅絕的；絕種的
17．lessen vi.& vt. 減少；減輕
18．spaceship n. 宇宙飛船
19．weightlessly adv. 失重地
20．satellite n. 衛(wèi)星；人造衛(wèi)星
Ⅱ.核心詞匯——寫其形
1．a(chǎn)tmosphere n．　　　　　 大氣層；氣氛
2．physicist n. 物理學(xué)家
3．thus adv. 因此；于是
4．gravity n. 萬有引力；重力
5．climate n. 氣候
6．crash vi.& vt. 碰撞；墜落
7．pull n．& vt. 拉(力)；拖；牽引力
8．float vi.& vt. (使)浮動；(使)漂浮
n. 漂浮物
9．system n. 系統(tǒng)；體系；制度
10．theory n. 學(xué)說；理論
Ⅲ.拓展詞匯——通其變
1．globe n．球體；地球儀；地球→global adj.全球性的；全世界的
2．violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；強暴的→violence n．暴力→violently adv.暴力地；猛烈地
3．like vt.喜歡 prep.像→unlike prep.與……不同；不像→dislike vt.不喜歡；討厭→likely adj.可能的
4．harm n．& vt.傷害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.無害的
5．exist vi.存在；生存→existence n．存在；生存
6．puzzle n．謎；難題 vt.& vi. (使)迷惑；(使)為難→puzzled adj.感到困惑的→puzzling adj.令人困惑的
7．religion n．宗教；宗教信仰→religious adj.宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔誠的
8．biology n．生物學(xué)→biologist n．生物學(xué)家→biological adj.生物的
9．react v．反應(yīng)→reaction n．反應(yīng)；回應(yīng)
10．gentle adj.溫和的；文雅的→gently adv.溫和地；文雅地

1.形容詞變副詞去掉e再加-y
①gentle→gently　　　　　　 溫和地
②possible→possibly 可能地
③comfortable→comfortably 舒服地
④simple→simply 簡單地
⑤terrible→terribly 可怕地
2.“推，拉”家族
①pull n．& vt.　　 拉(力)；拖； 牽引力
②draw vt.& vi. 拖；拉
③drag vt.& vi. 拖；拉；拽
④push v．& vi. 推，推動(力)
3.un-前綴高頻形容詞全接觸
①unlike　　　　 與……不同；不像
②uncertain 不確定的
③unclear 不清楚的
④uncomfortable 不舒服的
⑤unfair 不公平的
(二)重點短語——記牢用活
1．in__time　　　　　　　　　　 及時；終于
2．lay__eggs 下蛋
3．give__birth__to 產(chǎn)生；分娩
4．in__one’s__turn 輪到某人
5．watch__out__for 密切注意；當(dāng)心；提防
6．cheer__up 感到高興；感到振奮
7．depend__on 依靠；取決于
8．break__out 突發(fā)；爆發(fā)
9．prevent...from... 阻止；制止
10．block__out 擋住(光線)
11．get__the__hang__of 熟悉；掌握；理解
12．now__that 既然

1.“阻止/禁止某人做某事”的多種表達(dá)
①prevent sb.from doing sth.
②prohibit sb.from doing sth.
③stop sb.from doing sth.
④ban sb.from doing sth.
⑤keep sb.from doing sth.
⑥forbid sb.from doing sth.
2.“動詞＋out”短語薈萃
①block out　　　　　　　　　 擋住(光線)
②break out 突發(fā)；爆發(fā)
③find out 查出；弄明白　
④look/watch out 當(dāng)心；提防
⑤put out 撲滅
⑥r(nóng)un out 用完
⑦let out 泄露；發(fā)出(聲音)
⑧die out 滅絕
(三)重點句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：make＋it＋adj./n.＋(for sb.)to do sth.
This produced a chain reaction, which made__it__possible__for__life__to__develop．
這就產(chǎn)生了連鎖反應(yīng)，使生命的發(fā)展成為可能。
句型2：倍數(shù)表達(dá)法：倍數(shù)＋as...as...
But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice__as__far__as on the earth and fell over.　但當(dāng)我試著向前邁步的時候，我發(fā)覺我被送出去很遠(yuǎn)，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍遠(yuǎn)，因而我摔倒了。
句型3：now that引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句
“Oh, dear，” I cried, “walking does need a bit of practice now__that__gravity__has__changed．”
“天哪，” 我大聲說，“既然重力改變了，看來走路也的確需要練一練了。”
句型4：形容詞作伴隨狀語
We watched, amazed__as__fire__broke__out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth’s gravity increased.　我們驚奇地看著，隨著地球引力的增加，宇宙飛船的外層燃燒起火。
二、語境強化訓(xùn)練
Ⅰ.語境填詞——根據(jù)提示寫出該詞的適當(dāng)形式
1．Newton was one of the greatest physicists(物理學(xué)家) in the world and many people admire him very much.
2．The old scientist told his students that scientific theories(理論) must be based on facts.
3．(浙江卷)I made friends with the natives, and their reaction(反應(yīng)) amazed me.
4．They completely ignored these problems as if they never existed(存在)．
5．Accustomed to the climate(氣候) in the countryside，the old couple prefer not to move to the city.
6．Some experts think reading is the fundamental(基本的) skill upon which school education depends.
7．The meeting was held in a lively atmosphere(氣氛) where everybody felt free to share his ideas.
8．We failed to find enough evidence，thus(因此) we concluded that he was innocent.
Ⅱ.語境品詞——寫出加黑詞匯在語境中的意義
1．(2019·北京卷閱讀D)When these organisms die，they bury carbon in the deep ocean，an important process that helps to regulate the global climate.碳
2．(2019·江蘇卷任務(wù)型閱讀) It seems obvious that evolution should select for larger brains.Mammals weighing sixty kilograms have an average brain size of 200 cm3.哺乳動物
3．(2018·江蘇卷閱讀C)If you want to disturb the car industry, you’d better have a few billion dollars: Mom-and-pop carmakers are unlikely to beat the biggest car companies. 十億
4．(2019·天津卷閱讀C)The weak links may thus keep species from driving one another to extinction.滅絕
Ⅲ.派生詞練習(xí)——用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1．There was a puzzled look on the little girl’s face because a puzzling problem puzzled her.(puzzle)
2．In face of violence,__people can act violently if they feel threatened.(violence)
3．Playing computer games will not only do harm to your physical health, but it is also harmful to your mental health.So there is no harm in advising you to give it up.(harm)
4．As is known to us, everyone has his likes and dislikes．My little sister is fond of pop music.She is likely to become a famous pop singer in the future.(like)
5．He often says that he doesn’t believe in any religion but meanwhile he respects others’ religious freedom.(religion)
Ⅳ.選詞成篇
watch out for; depend on; prevent...from; now that; break out; in time; cheer up
(一)
1．Now__that we all understand that the haze is harmful to our health, we should take effective measures to 2.prevent it from getting bad to worse. No matter what happens, we must 3.cheer__up and try to reduce the pollution. If we keep on, we’ll succeed at last.
(二)
A fire 4.broke__out in the building last night. Luckily, the firefighters arrived 5.in__time and put out the fire. We were warned to 6.watch__out__for electricity and gas when cooking our meals. Thanks to the firefighters’ help, we were not injured. They are the men that we can 7.depend__on when we are in trouble.
Ⅴ.完成句子
1．(2018·北京卷書面表達(dá))我詳細(xì)地解釋這個過程的每一步，這有可能使他們明白怎樣來泡茶。
I explained every step of the process in detail, which__made__it__possible__for__them__to__understand how to make tea.
2．我的農(nóng)場已擴大成了一個大農(nóng)場，是以前的三倍大。
My farm has expanded into a big one, which is__three__times__as__large__as the previous one.
3．(2017·全國卷Ⅲ書面表達(dá))既然你喜歡乒乓球，我想邀請你加入校隊。
Now__that__you__are__fond__of__table__tennis,__I’d like to invite you to join the school team.
4．長途旅行之后，我們?nèi)嘶氐搅思?，又餓又累。
After the long journey，the three of us went back home, hungry__and__tired．

exist　vi.存在；生存
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①You can’t imagine what difficulty they have existing(exist) on the money he is earning.
②Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into existence(exist)．
[能力提升]——完成句子
③眾所周知，年輕人和老年人之間存在代溝。
As is known to us, there__exists__a__generation__gap__between__the__young__and__the__old．

(1)exist in　　　　　　 存在于……之中
exist on 靠……為生
There exists... 有……；存在……
(2)existence n. 存在；生存
come into existence 產(chǎn)生；成立；開始存在　
[佳句背誦] The parking place for bikes was an existing problem for a long time in our school.　在我們學(xué)校，自行車的存放是一個長久以來就存在的問題。
puzzle　vt.& vi. (使)迷惑；(使)為難；(使)窘困；感到迷惑　n．(游戲的)猜謎；難題；謎
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①To be honest, I sometimes feel puzzled(puzzle) about my future career.
②When the little girl was asked such a puzzling(puzzle) question, she stood there with a surprised look on her face.
③Hearing the manager’s explanation, he had a puzzled(puzzle) expression on his face.
[能力提升]——微寫作
④(北京卷書面表達(dá))今天早上，當(dāng)我走在街上時，我看到兩位游客正在看地圖，看起來很困惑。
This morning, when I was walking on the street, I saw that two tourists were reading a map, looking__puzzled.

(1)puzzle about/over　　 冥思苦想；苦苦思索
(2)a puzzle to sb. 一件讓某人感到困惑的事情　
(3)puzzling adj.　　　　 令人迷惑的
puzzled adj. 迷惑不解的；困惑的
[佳句背誦] How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.
地球生命是如何起源的是科學(xué)家們覺得很難解決的最大難題之一。
pull　n．& vt.牽引力；拉(力)；拖
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——用pull的相關(guān)短語填空
①The train has pulled__in,__and the passengers are boarding it now.
②As he was hopelessly wandering around the station, the train pulled__out of the station.
③As the old saying goes, “It is easier to pull__down than to build up.”
④Everyone was concerned about whether the patient would pull__through or not.

pull down　　　　 拆毀；摧毀
pull in (車輛) 進站停靠；靠邊?？?br /> pull out 駛出；退出
pull through 康復(fù)；痊愈
pull up 停車 　
[佳句背誦] They are pulling down those houses to make room for a new hotel.
為了給新旅館騰地，他們正在拆除那些房屋。
in time　及時；終于；總有一天
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——用time的相關(guān)短語填空
①(全國卷Ⅲ)At__one__time，I even felt my parents couldn’t understand me so I hoped I could be free from them.
②(2019·全國卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))At__the__same__time,__I have a good command of several languages including English.
③In my view, at__no__time should you lose heart whenever you are in trouble.
④You’d better do one thing at__a__time,__so that you can concentrate on it.

(1)in no time　　　　　　 立刻；馬上
at no time 決不
at a time 每次；一次
at one time 曾經(jīng)；一度
at the same time 同時
from time to time 有時；偶爾
(2)take one’s time 別著急；慢慢來
kill time 消磨時間　
[佳句背誦] Therefore, I couldn’t spare enough time to write you back in time.
所以，我沒有及時抽出足夠的時間給你寫回信。
cheer up　感到高興；感到振奮；(使)高興；(使)振奮
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①Cheer Mary up,__and things will work out for the best.
②Cathy didn’t expect any award but was still there to cheer on her friends and praise their accomplishments.
[能力提升]——詞匯升級
③(普通表達(dá))When I’m feeling sad, my mother tells me funny stories to make me happy.
(高級表達(dá))When I’m feeling depressed,__my mother tells me funny stories to cheer__me__up．

(1)cheer sb.up　　　　 使某人振作起來
cheer sb.on 為某人加油
cheer for 為……而歡呼
(2)Cheers! [口語](用于祝酒) 干杯！　
[佳句背誦] I do hope she can cheer up and accept the challenge of life bravely! 　我真心希望她能振作起來， 勇敢地接受生活的挑戰(zhàn)！
in one’s turn　輪到某人
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①When it was in my turn, I was too excited to speak.
②At the meeting they took turns to__put(put) forward a number of suggestions aiming to promote the reform of education system.
③The two daughters looked after their sick mother by turns.
④From my point of view, theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.

in turn　　　　　　　　 依次；輪流；反之；反過來
by turns 輪流；交替地
take turns to do sth. 輪流做某事
It is one’s turn to do sth. 輪到某人做某事?！?
[佳句背誦] Now that we have finished designing, the company, in its turn, should do the constructing work.
既然我們已經(jīng)完成了設(shè)計工作，就輪到該公司做建設(shè)工作了。

make＋it＋adj./n.＋(for sb.)to do sth.
(教材P26)This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.
這就產(chǎn)生了連鎖反應(yīng)，使生命的發(fā)展成為可能。
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①(2018·浙江卷6月應(yīng)用文寫作)I have much experience in voluntary work so that I find it a good idea for me to apply for the position.
② She made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
③He is stubborn, which makes it no use quarrelling(quarrel) with him about it.
[能力提升]——微寫作
④(2018·全國卷Ⅲ書面表達(dá))新建的體育館足夠大，這使我們有可能參加各種各樣的活動。
The newly-built stadium is large enough, which__makes__it__possible__for__us__to__take__part__in__various__activities．

(1)make＋it＋adj./n.＋that從句
make＋it＋adj./n.＋to do sth.
make＋it＋no good/no use/no value...＋doing sth.
(2)常用于這種句型的動詞還有：think，consider，find，feel等?！?
[佳句背誦] Having watched A Bite of China will make it easier for you to understand why he is determined to make his living by running a Chinese food restaurant in New York.
看了《舌尖上的中國》，你會更容易理解為什么他決定在紐約開一家中餐館來謀生。
倍數(shù)表達(dá)法：倍數(shù)＋as...as...
(教材P31) But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.
但當(dāng)我試著向前邁步的時候，我發(fā)覺我被送出去很遠(yuǎn)，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍遠(yuǎn)，因而我摔倒了。
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster(fast) than traditional garbage as a whole.
②The number of students now in this school is four times what it was ten years ago.
[能力提升]——一句多譯
(2018·全國卷Ⅱ書面表達(dá))這部短片講述了我們學(xué)校的發(fā)展?，F(xiàn)在，我們的學(xué)校面積是十年前的三倍大。
③The short film tells about the development of our school. Now our school is__three__times__as__big__as that ten years ago.
④The short film tells about the development of our school. Now our school is__twice____bigger__than that ten years ago.
⑤The short film tells about the development of our school. Now our school is__three__times__the__size__of that ten years ago.

英語中常見的倍數(shù)表達(dá)法有：
(1)A＋be＋倍數(shù)＋as＋adj.原級＋as B；
(2)A＋be＋倍數(shù)＋adj.比較級＋than B；
(3)A＋be＋倍數(shù)＋the＋名詞(size/weight...) ＋of B；
(4)A＋be＋倍數(shù)＋what從句，表示“A是……的多少倍”?！?
[佳句背誦] The teaching building being built now is four times as high as that one.
＝The teaching building being built now is three times higher than that one.
＝The teaching building being built now is four times the height of that one.
正在修建的教學(xué)樓是那個教學(xué)樓的四倍高。

Ⅰ.詞形轉(zhuǎn)換和動詞的形式變換(用所給詞的正確形式填空)
1．(2019·全國卷Ⅰ語法填空)It is difficult to figure out a global(globe) population of polar bears as much of the range has been poorly studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20，000－25，000 polar bears worldwide.
2．(2019·江蘇卷)Steve moved to the piano and sat at the bench, hands trembling as he gently(gentle) placed his fingers on the keys.
3．Unlike(like) traditional amusement parks，theme parks often teach visitors something.
4．The schoolmaster said that some measures should be taken to stop the school violence(violent)．
5．During those four years, he worked day and night, thus improving(improve) his theory gradually until it was complete.
Ⅱ.固定用法和搭配(在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式)
1．Even though there were only ten minutes left, I was in time for the lecture.
2．Sometimes he found it very hard to fall asleep at night，so he went to see the doctor.
3．A new hospital has been planned to be built here, and they are going to pull down that old building.
4．They want to make it clear to the public that the clean workers do an important and necessary job.
5．As is known to us, the People’s Republic of China came into existence(exist) as an independent country in 1949.
Ⅲ.熟詞生義(根據(jù)具體語境寫出加黑詞的詞性及含義)
1．(2019·北京卷)Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide(二氧化碳) into the ocean while giving off oxygen.vt.排入
2．The lady hadn’t chained her dog up, thus getting it killed on the main road. vt.用鏈條拴住
3．We nearly exhausted our coal reserved for the winter, which worried us a lot. vt.用盡，用完
4．The idea was first floated in a speech given by the president a few months ago.vt.提出(想法)

提能一　語段填空(在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式)
(一)
A conflict 1.broke(break) out when the villagers tried to prevent the factory 2.from sending waste water into their fields.The villagers had been watching out 3.for the waste water for some time.They found it was very harmful 4.to their health as well as their crops.Officials came just in time 5.to__stop(stop) the situation getting worse.
(二)
Whether there is life on Mars is still 1.a puzzle to us. The earth is 6 times as 2.large(large) as the Mars. Whether we can land on Mars depends 3.on the development of science and technology. There is almost no oxygen on Mars and this makes it impossible for us 4.to__exist(exist). If we are to go to Mars one day, we should have to take along our own oxygen, food, clothing and shelter.
提能二　話題寫作(用本單元詞匯、句式和語法知識寫滿分作文)
假如你是李華，你愛好太空探險但是卻得不到父母的理解，于是你給英國朋友Stephen發(fā)電子郵件進行交流并請求幫助。要點如下：①父母的意見；②你的觀點。(至少寫2點)　
1．補全要點句(黑體部分請用本單元所學(xué)詞匯)
①我和父母之間存在一個問題，使我不能專心學(xué)習(xí)。
There__exists__a__problem between my parents and me, and that has__made__it__impossible__for__me__to__concentrate__on__my__study．
②我對太空探險很癡迷，因此我業(yè)余時間常去圖書館，在那里我掌握了許多與太空探險有關(guān)的材料。
I am so crazy about space exploration that in my spare time I often go to the library, where__I__have__got__the__hang__of__much__about__space__exploration．
③這使我的父母很生氣，因為他們認(rèn)為我的愛好對我的學(xué)習(xí)有害。
This makes my parents very angry because they think my__hobby__is__harmful__to__my__study．
④使我沮喪的是他們總是阻止我去圖書館，并督促我用更多的時間學(xué)習(xí)。(主語從句)
What__upsets__me__is__that__they__always__prevent__me__from__going__to__the__library and urge me to spend__much__more__time__on my lessons.
⑤依我看，良好的愛好不僅對全面發(fā)展有益，而且有助于我日后的成功。
In my view, not only are healthy hobbies beneficial to my overall development but they can also contribute__to__my__success__in__time．
⑥既然你處理過類似的情況，我想知道你是否能給我一些建議。
Now__that__you__have__dealt__with__such__situation,__I’m wondering whether you can offer me some suggestions.
2．升級平淡句
按要求升級句①
⑦There__exists__a__problem__between__my__parents__and__me,__making__it__impossible__for__me__to__concentrate__on__my__study.(分詞作狀語)
⑧There__exists__a__problem__between__my__parents__and__me,__which__has__made__it__impossible__for__me__to__concentrate__on__my__study.(非限制性定語從句)
3．銜接成美文(注意使用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^渡銜接詞匯：actually, however, moreover)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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One possible version：
Dear Stephen，
There exists a problem between my parents and me, which has made it impossible for me to concentrate on my study.
Actually, I am so crazy about space exploration that in my spare time I often go to the library, where I have got the hang of much about space exploration.However, this makes my parents very angry because they think my hobby is harmful to my study.Moreover, what upsets me is that they always prevent me from going to the library and urge me to spend much more time on my lessons.In my view, not only are healthy hobbies beneficial to my overall development but they can also contribute to my success in time.
Now that you have dealt with such situation, I’m wondering whether you can offer me some suggestions.
Yours，
Li Hua

(建議用時：35分鐘)
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
(2020·舟山中學(xué)考試)Emilia Dobek traces her interest in space and the universe back to third grade when she and her father watched a blood moon—a total lunar eclipse(月食)—on the roof of their house.
Now a seventh grader at East Prairie Elementary School, Dobek recently won the national Discovery Education Lockheed Martin Beyond Challenge by designing a space station for travelling to Mars.
She says that night watching the lunar eclipse started a strong desire in her that has yet to run out of fuel. So when her teacher Andrea Smeeton received information about the national challenge, Smeeton said she immediately had one student in mind.
“I knew she would love the challenge and that she would go way beyond in her search，” Smeeton said. “She immediately started researching bone density(密度) of astronauts and how to have food on Mars.”
“My design will ensure the safety of the astronauts but also make sure their comfort is out of this world，” Dobek says.
Dobek’s design calls for building the MSS or Mars Storage Station to put the supplies in. It also includes the SGF or Self-Growing Farm, and she details how it would work with the elements on Mars.
Then there is physical and leisure activity for the astronauts under Dobek’s design. A simulator(模擬裝置) allows astronauts to choose their exercise machine and virtual reality environment. Rooms have circular ceilings so astronauts will be able to watch downloaded shows and even see places on Earth, such as their homes.
“I want to tell other kids to follow their passions，” Dobek said. “Whatever they want to do, they should push for it and always try their best.”
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文主要介紹了小學(xué)生Emilia Dobek設(shè)計太空站，并贏得挑戰(zhàn)的相關(guān)內(nèi)容。
1．Dobek first became interested in space when ________．
A．she was still a seventh grader
B．she studied at a junior high school
C．she lived on the top of their house
D．she watched an eclipse of the moon
D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Emilia Dobek traces her interest in space and the universe back to third grade when she and her father watched a blood moon—a total lunar eclipse(月食)—on the roof of their house.”可知，Dobek對太空感興趣是從她在三年級時的一個晚上觀看的一次月食開始的。
2．Smeeton recommended that Dobek take the challenge because ________．
A．she knew Dobek liked challenges in life
B．she had no other students interested in Mars
C．Dobek knew how to research bone density of astronauts
D．she was sure that Dobek would have outstanding performance
D　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段Smeeton的話可推知，她對Dobek很了解，對其可以接受這項挑戰(zhàn)并出色完成充滿信心。
3．What does Dobek focus on when designing the space station?
A．The environment on Mars.
B．The safety of the supplies.
C．The activities for astronauts.
D．The comfort of the astronauts.
D　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段中的“make sure their comfort is out of this world”并結(jié)合對倒數(shù)第二段的整體理解可推知，Dobek的設(shè)計包含身體和休閑活動，讓宇航員在太空中也感到舒適。
【難句分析】　Whatever they want to do, they should push for it and always try their best.
分析：本句是一個主從復(fù)合句。whatever＝no matter what，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“無論什么”。
譯文：無論他們想做什么，他們都應(yīng)該盡力實現(xiàn)它，并且總是竭盡全力。
B
Many of us think, wrongly, that the moon doesn’t change. For example, the Tang Dynasty poet Zhang Ruoxu once wrote that “Generations have come and passed away; From year to year the moons look alike, old and new.”
However, a new study published in the journal Nature Geoscience shows that the moon is in fact slowly shrinking over time. For the study, a group of US scientists examined and analyzed thousands of photographs taken by the NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera(月球勘測軌道飛行器照相機). They found that there were lots of faults(斷層) on the surface of the moon. These faults were formed by recent movement on the moon.
According to NASA, the moon is made up of pieces of rocks with a hot core. The moon continued to expand as it was born. But in this process, it released energy and cooled down. Then it began to shrink, in a way comparable to the shrinking of a grape into a raisin. Over the past several hundred million years, it has become 46 meters “skinnier”. But due to its hard and rocky layer, the moon’s surface continues to push up. “Some of these quakes can be fairly strong, around five on the Richter scale(里氏震級)，” said Thomas Watters, a senior scientist at the Smithsonian’s National Air and Space Museum in the US.
But does that mean the moon is a dangerous place that human shouldn’t try to explore and live on in the future? Maybe not, reported The Telegraph. “This isn’t anything to worry about. The moon may be shrinking, but not by much. It’s not going anywhere，” Watters comforted us.
The new discovery proves that the idea that the moon is a dead, boring place is wrong. “We have been to the moon and we’ve done some great science, but there is still a lot we don’t know. The moon is shrinking—we didn’t really realize that until recently. It’s a much more active and interesting place than we thought and we should explore that，” NASA scientist Nathan Williams said.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　月球并非如唐代詩人張若虛在詩中描繪的那樣是亙古不變的。一項最新的科學(xué)研究表明，月球正在隨著時間慢慢地縮小。此外，這項研究還表明月球還有許多我們不了解的東西，它是一個比我們認(rèn)為的更活躍、更有意思的地方，我們應(yīng)該探索它。
4．Which point of view about the moon may the writer agree to?
A．It stays the same as before.
B．It is becoming slightly smaller.
C．It is getting older and older.
D．It has passed away.
B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“However, a new study...shows that the moon is in fact slowly shrinking over time.”可知，一項新的發(fā)表在《自然·地球科學(xué)》上的研究表明，月球正在隨著時間慢慢地縮小，據(jù)此可知B項正確。
5．What can we learn about the moon from the third paragraph?
A．It has become 46 meters fatter due to expanding.
B．It has changed from a grape into a raisin in recent years.
C．It quakes even at seven on the Richter scale.
D．It has a hot core and releases energy during expanding.
D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段前三句中的“the moon is made up of pieces of rocks with a hot core. The moon continued to expand as it was born.But in this process, it released energy”可知，月球由帶有一個熱核的巖石塊組成，當(dāng)它形成時月球在持續(xù)膨脹，在這個過程中它會釋放能量，故D項正確。
6．Who thinks that we needn’t worry about the moon?
A．Zhang Ruoxu.
B．Thomas Watters.
C．Nathan Williams.
D．The journalist.
B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中Thomas Watters說的話“This isn’t anything to worry about...It’s not going anywhere”可知，Thomas Watters認(rèn)為我們不必?fù)?dān)心月球，盡管月球在縮小，但它并沒有縮小很多，故B項正確。
7．What does Nathan Williams think of the moon?
A．It is a dead and boring place.
B．It has lots of faults on the surface.
C．It is valuable to do more science.
D．It isn’t a place where we can live.
C　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中Nathan Williams說的話“We have been to the moon and we’ve done some great science...we should explore that”可知，Nathan Williams認(rèn)為月球有許多我們不了解的東西，值得我們?nèi)ヌ剿?，?jù)此可推知，他認(rèn)為研究月球是有價值的，故C項正確。
【難句分析】　The new discovery proves that the idea that the moon is a dead, boring place is wrong.
分析：該句為主從復(fù)合句。句中“that the idea that the moon is a dead, boring place is wrong”為that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，其中“that the moon is a dead, boring place”為that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，作the idea的同位語。
譯文：新的發(fā)現(xiàn)證明“月球是一處死氣沉沉的無聊之地”這一說法是錯誤的。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·臺州高三調(diào)研)It’s 27 years since my last conversation with my mother, who didn’t finish school like many of her contemporary girls. She often told me, “I never got my __1__ but one day you will.”
Pointing to a tree or cow, she asked me to __2__ their English names after her. Feeling __3__， I asked, “Mama, why do I have to learn these __4__ phrases？” She held her pen right before my eyes. “Hold it firmly，” she __5__ me, “for this pen and the new foreign language will be your compass to __6__ around the world.” Sadly, my mother died of breast cancer when I was six.
Turning seven, I traveled 30 miles to live closer to my school. But “closer” is a __7__ term in Uganda, which __8__ I had to get up as the __9__ sun rose and then ran 8.8 miles barefoot to school. Also, I needed to carry a stick in __10__ that I came across snakes and dogs. During the __11__ season, the path to school was __12__ daily and I’d swim with one hand, using the other hand to __13__ the book bag on my head.
Research shows 70 percent of poor children don’t __14__ primary school in Uganda. Among the reasons for this __15__ dropout rate are the long __16__ some children must __17__ and the life pressure.
Fortunately, I’ve made it. Whenever I see the sun rise, I am __18__ of the wisdom of my mother, who __19__ me to dream big and to use the __20__ of the pen to make my dream come true.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　在烏干達(dá)貧困生輟學(xué)率極高的情況下，母親鼓勵作者完成學(xué)業(yè)。是母親讓作者有大夢想，是母親教會作者用筆的力量實現(xiàn)夢想。
1．A.degree　　　　　　　　　　 B．scholarship
C．recommendation D．a(chǎn)dmission
A　解析：根據(jù)下文母親鼓勵作者完成學(xué)業(yè)可知，此處應(yīng)是“獲得學(xué)位”。A項意為“學(xué)位”；B項意為“獎學(xué)金”。結(jié)合語境，答案應(yīng)選A。
2．A.recite B．use
C．repeat D．guess
C　解析：根據(jù)語境以及后面的“after her”可知，母親指著一棵樹或一頭牛讓作者跟著她重復(fù)(repeat)它們的英文名字。
3．A.anxious B．curious
C．disappointed D．a(chǎn)nnoyed
D　解析：根據(jù)后面的“have to”可知，作者很惱怒(annoyed)，問媽媽自己為什么非得學(xué)這些外語詞組。
4．A.tough B．new
C．foreign D．old
C　解析：參見上題解析。下文中的“the new foreign language”也是提示。
5．A.encouraged B．consulted
C．blamed D．frightened
A　解析：根據(jù)空后的“for this pen and the new foreign language will be your compass to ______ around the world”可知，母親鼓勵(encouraged)作者學(xué)習(xí)這些東西。
6．A.fly B．turn
C．walk D．sail
D　解析：句意：因為筆和外語會成為你航行(sail)世界的指南針。
7．A.relative B．real
C．simple D．technical
A　解析：句意：在烏干達(dá)，所謂的“近”是個相對(relative) 而言的說法，那意味著我得在晨陽升起時起床，赤腳跑8.8英里到學(xué)校。
8．A.shows B．means
C．proves D．states
B　解析：參見上題解析。mean意為“意味著”。
9．A.warm B．early
C．bright D．hot
B　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，作者不得不迎著早(early) 晨的太陽起床。故選B。
10．A.search B．possession
C．time D．case
D　解析：句意：而且作者需要帶一根棍以防遇見蛇和狗。in case意為“以防”，故答案選D。
11．A.summer B．cold
C．rainy D．dry
C　解析：根據(jù)后面的“swim”可知，在雨季，道路被水淹沒(flooded)，作者得一只手用來游泳，另一只手用來抓著頭頂上的書包。rainy“多雨的”符合語境。
12．A.damaged B．repaired
C．blocked D．flooded
D　解析：參見上題解析。
13．A.drag B．hold
C．put D．seize
B　解析：hold“抓住”符合語境。drag意為“拖，拉”；seize意為“抓取”。
14．A.attend B．enter
C．complete D．continue
C　解析：句意：研究表明，在烏干達(dá)70%的貧困生沒能完成(complete)小學(xué)教育。
15．A.constant B．steady
C．low D．high
D　解析：根據(jù)上文可知，烏干達(dá)輟學(xué)率較高(high)。
16．A.distances B．periods
C．lists D．stories
A　解析：此處與上文所述的走很遠(yuǎn)的路上學(xué)呼應(yīng)，表示很遠(yuǎn)的距離(distances)。
17．A.cover B．consider
C．judge D．measure
A　解析：參見上題解析。此處cover意為“行走”。
18．A.informed B．warned
C．reminded D．told
C　解析：句意：每當(dāng)看見太陽升起，作者總是想起(reminded) 母親的智慧。
19．A.enabled B．inspired
C．expected D．intended
B　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，母親激勵(inspired)作者有大夢想。
20．A.value B．power
C．symbol D．length
B　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，母親讓作者有大夢想，是母親教會作者用筆的力量(power)成就夢想。

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