一、語基必備知識(shí)
(一)重點(diǎn)詞匯——分類記憶
Ⅰ.閱讀詞匯——知其意
1．a(chǎn)bstract adj.　 　　　　　 抽象的；深?yuàn)W的
n. 摘要
2．sculpture n. 雕塑
3．gallery n. 美術(shù)陳列室；畫廊
4．conventional adj. 常規(guī)的；傳統(tǒng)的；
因循守舊的
5．technique n. 技術(shù)；方法；技能
6．shadow n. 陰影；影子
7．ridiculous adj. 荒謬的；可笑的
8．controversial adj. 爭(zhēng)論的；爭(zhēng)議的
9．specific adj.　 確切的；特定的
10．carve vt. 雕刻；刻記
11．a(chǎn)llergic adj. 過敏性的；過敏的
12．flesh n. 肉；肌肉；肉體
13．bunch n. 束；串
14．a(chǎn)venue n. 林蔭道；道路；大街
15．visual adj. 視覺的；看得見的
16．permanent adj. 永久的；持久的
17．district n. 區(qū)；區(qū)域；行政區(qū)
18．masterpiece n. 杰作；名著
Ⅱ.核心詞匯——寫其形
1．typical adj. 典型的；有代表性的
2．effectively adv. 有效地
3．evident adj. 明顯的；明白的
4．a(chǎn)dopt vt. 采用；采納；收養(yǎng)
5．a(chǎn)ttempt n. & vt. 努力；嘗試；企圖
6．figure n. 畫像；身材；數(shù)字
7．scholar n. 學(xué)者
8．a(chǎn)ppeal vi. 有感染力；呼吁；求助
vt. 將……上訴
n. 呼吁；懇求
9．reputation n. 名聲；名譽(yù)
10．exhibition n. 展覽；陳列；展覽會(huì)
Ⅲ.拓展詞匯——通其變
1．faith n．信任；信心；信念→faithful adj.忠實(shí)的；守信的→faithfully adv.忠實(shí)地
2．possess vt.擁有；具有；支配→possession n．(尤作復(fù)數(shù))所有；財(cái)產(chǎn)
3．coincident adj.同時(shí)發(fā)生的→coincidence n．巧合(的事)；(事情、口味、故事等)相合
4．predict vt.預(yù)言；預(yù)告；預(yù)測(cè)→prediction n．預(yù)言→predictor n．預(yù)言者
5．prefer v．更喜歡；偏愛→preference n．喜愛；偏愛
6．a(chǎn)im n．目標(biāo)；目的 vi.& vt.瞄準(zhǔn)；(向某方向)努力→aimless adj.無目標(biāo)的；無目的的→aimlessly adv.漫無目的地；無目標(biāo)地
7．sign v．簽名→signature n．署名；簽字
8．exhibit v．展覽；展出→exhibition n．展覽；陳列
9．a(chǎn)dopt vt.采用；采納；收養(yǎng)→adopted adj.被收養(yǎng)的；被采用的→adoption n．收養(yǎng)；采用

1.常見英語反義形容詞面面觀
①
②
③
④
2.“相信”家族
①faith n. 　　　　 信任；信心；信念
②faithful adj. 忠實(shí)的
③faithfully adv. 忠實(shí)地
④believe v. 相信
⑤belief n. 信念
⑥believable adj. 可信的
⑦unbelievable adj. 不可信的
3.“目的，目標(biāo)”家庭
①aim n．　　　　 目標(biāo)；目的
②goal n. 努力的對(duì)象；目標(biāo)
③purpose n. 目的；意圖
④object n. 目標(biāo)；意向；目的
⑤objective n. 目標(biāo)；目的
⑥target n. (欲達(dá)到的)目標(biāo)；靶子
⑦intention n. 意圖；意向；目的
⑧destination n. 目的地；終點(diǎn)
(二)重點(diǎn)短語——記牢用活
1．scores__of...　　　　 大量；許多
2．a(chǎn)ppeal__to　 (對(duì)某人)有吸引力；(使某人)感興趣
3．a(chǎn)s__a__consequence　 結(jié)果
4．concentrate__on　 全神貫注于；專注于
5．a(chǎn)ttempt__to__do__sth. 嘗試做某事
6．lead__to　 導(dǎo)致
7．a(chǎn)__great__deal 大量；非常
8．by__coincidence　 巧合地；偶然地
9．depend/rely__on　 依靠；依賴
10．on__the__other__hand　 (可是)另一方面

1.“v.＋to(介詞)”短語薈萃
①lead to　　　　導(dǎo)致　　?、赼dd to　　　增加；增添
③object to　　 反對(duì) ④stick to　　 堅(jiān)持
⑤refer to　　 查閱 ⑥apply to　　 適用于
2.“by＋n.”短語全掃描
①by accident　　偶然地　?、赽y chance　　偶然地
③by design 故意地 ④by mistake　　 錯(cuò)誤地
⑤by coincidence　巧合地；偶然地
(三)重點(diǎn)句式——背熟巧用




句型公式
教材原句
句型1：without引導(dǎo)的含蓄虛擬條件句
Without the new paints and the new technique, we would__not__be__able__to__see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.
沒有新的顏料和新的(繪畫)手法，我們就不能看到很多使這一時(shí)期著名的杰作。
句型2：介詞短語位于句首，且主語是名詞時(shí)，句子用完全倒裝
Among__the__painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris.
在那些突破傳統(tǒng)畫法的畫家中有印象派畫家，他們?cè)诎屠枭詈凸ぷ鳌?br /> 句型3：This/That/It is because...意為“這/那是因?yàn)椤?br /> This__is__because the Impressionists encouraged artists to look at their environment in new ways.　這是因?yàn)橛∠笈僧嫾夜膭?lì)藝術(shù)家用新的方式來看待環(huán)境。
句型4：現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語
Henry Clay Frick, a rich New Yorker, died in 1919, leaving__his__house,__furniture and art collection to the American people. 　亨利·克萊·弗里克是紐約的一位富豪，于1919年去世，把他的房子、家具和藝術(shù)收藏品全部留給了美國(guó)人民。

二、語境強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練
Ⅰ.語境填詞——根據(jù)提示寫出該詞的適當(dāng)形式
1．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Every year about 40，000 people attempt(嘗試；企圖) to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa.
2．(2019·天津卷)The book turns out to be one that has appealed(有感染力) to the world for more than 350 years.
3．(2019·江蘇卷書面表達(dá))Their Chinese peers in the typical(典型的) Chinese dress would be highly impressive.
4．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))Showing a huge interest in the Chinese painting exhibition(展覽) to be held at the local art gallery, I’m writing to apply to be a volunteer.
5．I know that your shop enjoys a high reputation(名譽(yù)) of good service, so I bought the TV set in your shop.
6．Mary has kept her figure(身材) after all these years by working out every day.
Ⅱ.語境品詞——寫出加黑詞匯在語境中的意義
1．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ閱讀D)We found that the least well－liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates.好斗的；敢作敢為的
2．I can give a brief introduction of these masterpieces from the perspective of a native speaker of China.杰作
3．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ完形)Finally you climb into an arctic－like zone with permanent snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear. 永久的；持久的
4．(2019·天津卷閱讀B)I liked facts, things that are concrete.I thought anything abstract left too much room for argument.抽象的
5．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ語法填空)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soil－testing program which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.確切的
Ⅲ.派生詞練習(xí)——用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1．I was walking aimlessly in the street when I came across John, who led an aimless sort of life without any aim．(aim)
2．With his business going on well, at first he possessed big houses, cars, and later he took possession of stocks of different companies. Then, he found that everything he had dreamed of was in his possession．(possess)
3．The headmaster has a preference that he prefers overseas Chinese students highly and encourages them to return home to start their own careers.(prefer)
4．From the look on Mary’s face, it was evident that they’ve found no evidence so far who had stolen the computers in the office.(evident)
5．At first, fever is typical of the disease, but it typically takes several days to make a recovery.(type)
6．I have faith in him because he has served us faithfully for many years, and I think he is a faithful and honest friend.(faith)
Ⅳ.選詞成篇
figure out; be typical of; on the other hand; appeal to; a great deal; by coincidence; in possession of
Last week, my classmates and I went to Beijing and visited the National Museum of China 1.by__coincidence. It is 2.in__possession__of a great number of paintings by famous artists like Qi Baishi, Monet and Van Gogh, which 3.is__typical__of modern art works. Among these collections are some priceless potteries. After the visit, we had a discussion, aiming to improve the understanding of art. Now, I 4.figure__out why the National Museum of China 5.__appeals__to many visitors all over the world every day.
If you would like to pay a visit to it, I hope you’d better adopt my advice. On the one hand, you are supposed to visit it on the weekdays. 6.On__the__other__hand,__don’t take any photos when enjoying the collections. I’m sure you will learn 7.a__great__deal from the visit.
Ⅴ.完成句子
1．沒有你的幫助，我考試可能會(huì)不及格。
Without your help, I would__have__failed__in__the__examination．
2．(上海卷寫作)在那幅圖畫中，三個(gè)學(xué)生坐在桌子周圍，桌上有三本書。
In that picture, around the table with three books on it sit__three__students.
3．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ書面表達(dá))首先，一座新的體育館被建立起來，成為我們校內(nèi)的新地標(biāo)(landmark)。
To begin with, a new stadium has been built up，becoming__the__new__landmark__in__our_
_school．
4．(2017·浙江卷6月應(yīng)用文寫作)我的確希望你能夠加入到我們之中，這是因?yàn)镚reen Hill是這樣一個(gè)放松的好地方。
I do hope that you could join us；this__is__because__Green__Hill__is__such__a__fun_
_place__to__relax．

aim　n．目標(biāo)；目的　vi.& vt.瞄準(zhǔn)；旨在；(向某方向)努力
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①(2019·北京卷)All our projects aim to__promote(promote) the development of poor and remote communities.
②(2017·北京卷)Jane moved aimlessly(aim) down the tree－lined street, not knowing where she was heading.
[能力提升]——句式升級(jí)
(普通表達(dá))A short film will be on show, and it aims to help us to know more about the development of our school.(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)
③(高級(jí)表達(dá))A short film will be on show, which__aims__to__help__us__to__know__more__about__the__development__of__our__school．(定語從句)
④(高級(jí)表達(dá))A short film will be on show, aiming__to__help__us__to__know__more__about__the__development__of__our__school．(分詞作狀語)

(1)achieve one’s aim 　 實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)
take aim at 向……瞄準(zhǔn)
with the aim of 以……為目標(biāo)；意在……
(2)aim to do sth. 意欲/旨在做某事
be aimed at 目的是，旨在
(3)aimless adj. 無目的的；無目標(biāo)的
aimlessly adv. 漫無目的地；無目標(biāo)地　
[佳句背誦] With the aim of raising some money for the local charity, we invited several famous musicians and singers.　為了給當(dāng)?shù)氐拇壬茩C(jī)構(gòu)籌款，我們邀請(qǐng)了幾位著名的音樂家和歌手。(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ書面表達(dá))
adopt　vt.采用；采納；收養(yǎng)
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空/對(duì)比填空
①M(fèi)any animal welfare organizations provide care and adoption(adopt) services for homeless animals.
②The young couple had no children of their own and adopted an orphan. After a few months, the child came to adapt to his new life. (adopt與adapt)
[能力提升]——完成句子
③我確實(shí)珍視這個(gè)受教育的機(jī)會(huì)，總是把這個(gè)箴言當(dāng)作座右銘。
I do cherish the educational opportunity and I always adopt__the__motto__to__serve__as__a__reminder．

(1)adopt sb.as... 　　 收養(yǎng)/挑選某人為……
(2)adoption n. 收養(yǎng)；采用；通過
(3)adopted adj. 被收養(yǎng)的　
[佳句背誦] As far as I’m concerned, we should adopt an optimistic attitude in the face of great pressure.　就我個(gè)人而言，面對(duì)巨大壓力，我們應(yīng)該采取一種樂觀的態(tài)度。
[名師點(diǎn)津] 一字之差，意義上卻大相徑庭：adapt意為“(使)適應(yīng)；改編”；adopt意為“采用；采納；收養(yǎng)”。
possess　vt.(不用于進(jìn)行時(shí))擁有；具有；支配
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①Although he doesn’t possess much money, he is possessed(possess) of good health.
②(2019·天津卷)Right after Erin took possession(possess) of my wallet on the bus, she posted a picture of my driver’s license to an online forum(論壇), trying to see if anyone knew me.
[能力提升]——一句多譯
據(jù)我所知，他擁有許多這個(gè)藝術(shù)家的作品。
③As far as I know, he is in__possession__of a large number of the artist’s works.
④As far as I know, a large number of the artist’s works is in__the__possession__of him.
⑤As far as I know, he possesses a large number of the artist’s works.

(1)be possessed of　　 具有(某品質(zhì)、能力等)
(2)possession n. (常作復(fù)數(shù))所有物；財(cái)產(chǎn)
in possession of 占有；擁有；持有
in the possession of 為某人所有
take/gain/come into possession of　 擁有　
[佳句背誦] Please keep it in mind that only by possessing a good state of mind can you attain success.　牢記一點(diǎn)：只有通過擁有良好的心態(tài)你才能獲得成功。
[名師點(diǎn)津] (1)in possession of表示主動(dòng)，意為“擁有……；占有……”，主語通常為表示人的詞語；
(2)in the possession of表示被動(dòng)，意為“被……占有，為某人所有”，主語通常為表示物的詞語。
attempt　n．努力；嘗試；企圖　vt.嘗試；企圖
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①He attempted to__compete(compete) for the position of chairman of the Students’ Union.
②Personally speaking, parents are making an attempt to protect their kids by giving whatever they require.
[能力提升]——微寫作
③(2018·北京卷書面表達(dá))由于每個(gè)國(guó)際學(xué)生都嘗試自己泡茶，整個(gè)茶室很快就活躍了起來。
Soon the tea room became lively with every international student__attempting__to__make__their__own__tea．

(1)make an attempt to do/at doing sth. 試圖做某事
at the first attempt 　　 第一次嘗試
　　　
[佳句背誦] If you fail at the first attempt，there is no need to care about that.
如果你第一次嘗試就失敗了，那就沒有必要在意。
figure　n．畫像；雕像；人物；身材；體形；數(shù)字　v．估計(jì)；計(jì)算；認(rèn)為
[一詞多義]——寫出下列句中figure的含義
①Even to this day, Lincoln is regarded as one of the most inspiring figures in the world.人物
②She does exercise every morning to keep her figure.身材；體形
③The Statue of Liberty standing on an island in New York Harbor is a figure of a woman.雕像
④It would be very nice if we had a true figure of how many people in this country haven’t got a job.數(shù)字
[能力提升]——詞匯升級(jí)
⑤(普通表達(dá))To help them better understand our tea－drinking culture, we took them to the tea room in our school. (2018·北京卷書面表達(dá))
(高級(jí)表達(dá))To help them better figure__out our tea－drinking culture, we took them to the tea room in our school.

(1)figure out 　　　　　　　　 理解；計(jì)算出
(2)keep one’s figure 保持體形
have a good figure 身材好
a political figure 一位政治人物 　
[佳句背誦] As for my favorite figure in Chinese history, it must be Wei Yuan, a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty.
中國(guó)歷史上我最喜歡的人物是魏源，他是晚清的一位思想家。(北京卷書面表達(dá))
[名師點(diǎn)津] figure作動(dòng)詞，有“認(rèn)為”之意。
Experts figure that the recently discovered painting may be a Picasso.
專家認(rèn)為最近發(fā)現(xiàn)的這幅畫可能是畢加索的作品。
appeal　vi.有感染力；呼吁；求助　vt.將……上訴　n．呼吁；懇求
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience.
②Sport has become an important form of entertainment, appealing(appeal) to both men and women.
[能力提升]——微寫作
③(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ書面表達(dá))短片將幫助我們學(xué)生更好地了解學(xué)校的歷史，并呼吁我們?yōu)閷W(xué)校的發(fā)展做出貢獻(xiàn)。
The short film will help us students know the school’s history better and appeal/make__an__appeal__to__us__to__make__contributions__to our school’s development.


(1)appeal to sb. 　 對(duì)某人有吸引力
appeal to sb.for sth./to do sth.
呼吁/懇求某人(做)某事
(2)make an appeal to sb.for sth.
呼吁某人做某事
make an appeal to sb.to do sth.
呼吁/懇求某人做某事　
[佳句背誦] I’m sure it will appeal to you, for you have been enthusiastic about sports.　我確信這一定會(huì)吸引你，因?yàn)槟銦嶂杂隗w育。(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ書面表達(dá))
on the other hand　(可是)另一方面(常與on the one hand對(duì)應(yīng)使用)
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①On the other hand, they can enrich my life and provide me with great fun.
②To improve your English, first(ly), you should listen more；second(ly),__you should read more.
③I’m not going to buy it；for one thing I don’t like the color, and for another it’s far too expensive.
[能力提升]——微寫作
④(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))一方面，我精通英語，另一方面，我有陪伴外國(guó)朋友的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
On__the__one__hand,__I__have__a__good__command__of__spoken__English；on__the__other__hand,__I have some experience in accompanying foreign friends.

(1)on (the) one hand...；on the other hand...
　　　　　　　　　 一方面……；另一方面……
(2)first(ly)．..；second(ly) ... 第一……；第二……
(3)for one thing...；for another...
一則……；二則……　
[佳句背誦] On the one hand, I have a strong belief that I will do well in the exam; on the other hand, I feel a bit nervous, though it’s not difficult.
一方面，我非常自信能在考試中做好；另一方面，我感覺有點(diǎn)緊張，盡管考試并不難。

without引導(dǎo)的含蓄虛擬條件句
(教材P2)Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.　沒有新的顏料和新的(繪畫)手法，我們就不能看到很多使這一時(shí)期著名的杰作。
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①Without excellent education，there__would__be(be)no advanced science and technology.
②(2019·天津卷)The workers were not better organized，otherwise they would__have__accomplished(accomplish) the task in half the time.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③沒有你的慷慨幫助，我不可能熬過那段痛苦的日子。
I couldn’t__have__gone__through that bitter period without your generous help.

(1)“without/but for＋名詞”可取代if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件從句，主句用虛擬語氣，表示所說內(nèi)容與事實(shí)相反。
(2)除了without, but for 之外， otherwise, but 等也常用來表示虛擬條件。　
[佳句背誦] ①Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway wouldn’t have written his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.
假如沒有戰(zhàn)時(shí)的那些經(jīng)歷，海明威就不會(huì)寫出他的著名小說《永別了，武器》。
②But for your timely treatment, I wouldn’t have survived.　要不是你及時(shí)的治療，我不會(huì)幸存。
介詞短語位于句首，且主語是名詞時(shí)，句子用完全倒裝
(教材P2)Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists，who lived and worked in Paris.　在那些突破傳統(tǒng)畫法的畫家中有印象派畫家，他們?cè)诎屠枭詈凸ぷ鳌?br /> [基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空/完成句子
①(2018·北京卷書面表達(dá))Next came(come) the moment when I asked them to have a try themselves.
②Just in front of our house stands__a__tall__tree__with__a__history__of__1，000__years(有一棵一千年歷史的大樹)．
[能力提升]——句式升級(jí)
③(普通表達(dá))The Grand Hotel was opened in 1990. And it sits on the seaside along the South Coast Highway.(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)
(高級(jí)表達(dá))On the seaside along the South Coast Highway__sits__the__Grand__Hotel__opened__in__1990．(分詞作定語，并利用倒裝句)

本句為介詞短語位于句首引起的完全倒裝句式。
(1)out，in，into，down，up，away，here，now，then，there等表示方位和時(shí)間的副詞和表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語置于句首，且主語是名詞時(shí)，句子用完全倒裝。
(2)當(dāng)作表語的形容詞、分詞提到系動(dòng)詞前面時(shí)， 句子也要用全部倒裝，構(gòu)成“形容詞/分詞＋系動(dòng)詞＋主語”結(jié)構(gòu)?！?
[佳句背誦] In the middle of the hall was sitting an old professor with white hair.
在大廳的中央坐著一位白發(fā)蒼蒼的老教授。

Ⅰ.詞形轉(zhuǎn)換和動(dòng)詞的形式變換(用所給詞的正確形式填空)
1．Of the two paintings, Mr. Black chose the cheaper one out of preference(prefer), though it was not the work of a famous painter.
2．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ書面表達(dá))People often beautify their home with paper－cutting during festivals and weddings. In this exhibition(exhibit), you can see paper－cutting with all kinds of patterns.
3．In the newspaper of our school there is a column called “Foreign Cultures”， aiming(aim) to introduce American customs.
4．A great deal of progress has__been__made(make) over the last several decades in health, education and peace.
5．Attempting(attempt) to change someone else’s attitude towards life is a waste of time and energy.
6．We expressed our thanks to the local council, without whose help this meeting couldn’t have__been__held(hold) on time.
7．The local government has taken steps to ensure that rules should be faithfully(faith) carried out.
8．The woman has no child of her own but has many adopted(adopt) sons and daughters.
Ⅱ.固定用法和搭配(在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式)
1．(2017·北京卷)If you don’t understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people until you figure it out．
2．At the foot of the mountain lies(lie) a village, where people now still live a peaceful life.
3．The book written by Mr. Jackson appealed to people in all walks of life, making(make) it the bestseller in England.
4．Nowadays it is typical of a young generation to__take(take) it for granted that parents should meet whatever they desire.
5．From space, the earth looks blue. This is because about seventy－one percent of its surface is covered by water.
Ⅲ.熟詞生義(根據(jù)具體語境寫出加黑詞的詞性及含義)
1．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ閱讀B)Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. __n．結(jié)束；終結(jié)
2．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ語法填空)Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，which she opened with her late husband Les. adj.已故的
3．From the abstract of the speech, I learn that it is about the development of modern art. n．摘要
4．To be honest, I think he is allergic to work, because he never puts his heart into it. adj.對(duì)……厭煩的

提能一　語段填空(在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式)
(一)
When he was young, he liked using wood 1.to__carve(carve)things, and he aimed 2.to__become(become) a sculptor one day. He attempted 3.to__teach(teach) himself at first. Not having achieved what he wanted, he decided 4.to__adopt(adopt) the advice offered by his best friend. Finally, his hard work paid off.
(二)
As a famous astronomer, he is 1.in possession of rich imagination and likes to figure 2.out how things in space move.Apart from his gift, he is quite diligent. 3.On the one hand, he has learned 4.a great deal from books; on 5.the other hand, he does experiments day in and day out. Therefore, he has got a lot of discoveries and published some new theories, which have greatly appealed 6.to other scientists.
提能二　話題寫作(用本單元詞匯、句式和語法知識(shí)寫滿分作文)
假設(shè)你是李華，想邀請(qǐng)外教Peter一起參觀當(dāng)?shù)孛耖g藝術(shù)展覽，請(qǐng)給他寫封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：①展覽時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和目的；②展覽內(nèi)容。
1．補(bǔ)全要點(diǎn)句(黑體部分請(qǐng)用本單元所學(xué)詞匯)
①我寫信邀請(qǐng)你參觀一個(gè)民間藝術(shù)展覽，這個(gè)展覽旨在促進(jìn)中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化。
I’m writing to invite you to visit a__folk__art__exhibition,__and it is__aimed__at__promoting__traditional__Chinese__culture．
②展覽將于下周六在我市美術(shù)館舉行。
The__exhibition__will__be__beld__in__our__city__gallery__next__Saturday.
③展覽以中國(guó)民間藝術(shù)為主，包括傳統(tǒng)剪紙、書法和繪畫。
The__exhibition__concentrates__on__Chinese__folk__art,__including traditional Chinese paper－cutting as well as calligraphy and painting.
④一些享有盛譽(yù)的藝術(shù)家會(huì)出席展覽。
Some painters who enjoy__a__high__reputation__will__be__present__at__the__exhibition．
⑤展覽不僅能吸引你，還能幫助你更好地了解中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化。
Not only will__it__appeal__to__you but it can also help you have a further understanding of traditional Chinese culture.
⑥因?yàn)槟阆矚g中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化，你最好不要錯(cuò)過這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)。
Now that you__have__a__preference__for__traditional__Chinese__culture,__you had better not miss the chance.
2．升級(jí)平淡句
⑦用分詞作定語升級(jí)句①
I’m__writing__to__invite__you__to__visit__a__folk__art__exhibition,__aiming__at__promoting__traditional__Chinese__culture.
⑧用倒裝句升級(jí)句④
Present__at__the__exhibition__will__be__some__painters__who__enjoy__a__high__reputation.
3．銜接成美文(注意使用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^渡銜接詞匯：furthermore, for sure)
________________________________________________________________________
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One possible version：
Dear Peter，
I’m writing to invite you to visit a folk art exhibition, aiming at promoting traditional Chinese culture. The exhibition will be held in our city gallery next Saturday.
The exhibition concentrates on Chinese folk art, including traditional Chinese paper－cutting as well as calligraphy and painting. Furthermore, present at the exhibition will be some painters who enjoy a high reputation. For sure, not only will it appeal to you but it can also help you have a further understanding of traditional Chinese culture. Now that you have a preference for traditional Chinese culture, you had better not miss the chance.
Hope to see you on Saturday evening!
Yours，
Li Hua

(建議用時(shí)：35分鐘)
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
In Mark Turin’s article“Protecting Our Public Spaces” in issue 14, he claims that “all graffiti(涂鴉) is vandalism(故意破壞財(cái)物的行為), pure and simple, and offers no benefit to our public spaces”. I would like to point out that many people believe that graffiti is an art form that can benefit our public spaces just as much as sculptures, fountains, or other more accepted art forms.
People who object to graffiti usually do so more because of where it is, not what it is. They argue that posting graffiti in public places is considered an illegal act of property damage. But the location of such graffiti should not prevent the images themselves from being considered real art.
I would argue that graffiti is the most important public art form. Spray paint is a medium unlike any other. Through graffiti, the entire world has become a canvas(畫布). These works of art dotting the urban landscape are available, free of charge, to everyone who passes by.
To be clear, I do not consider random words or names sprayed on stop signs to be art. Plenty of graffiti is just vandalism, pure and simple. However, there is also graffiti that is breathtaking in its complex detail, its realism, or its creativity. It takes great talent to create such involved designs with spray paint. Are these creators not artists just because they use a can of spray paint instead of a paintbrush?
To declare that all graffiti is vandalism, and nothing more, is an overly simplistic statement. Furthermore, graffiti is not going anywhere, so we might as well find a way to live with it and enjoy its benefits. One option could be to make a percentage of public spaces open to graffiti artists. By doing this, the public might feel like part owners of these works of art, rather than just the victims of a crime.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇議論文。文章通過論述涂鴉與公共空間的關(guān)系，進(jìn)而探討涂鴉是否為藝術(shù)。作者認(rèn)為判斷其是否為藝術(shù)應(yīng)該根據(jù)涂鴉的質(zhì)量而非存在的地方。
1．Mark Turin apparently believes that graffiti ________．
A．is not an art form
B．is too simple to be considered art
C．can only sometimes be considered a work of art
D．should be restricted to places where it is allowed
A　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“In Mark Turin’s article ‘Protecting Our Public Spaces’ in issue 14, he claims that ‘a(chǎn)ll graffiti(涂鴉) is vandalism(故意破壞財(cái)物的行為), pure and simple, and offers no benefit to our public spaces’．”可知，Mark Turin顯然認(rèn)為涂鴉不是一種藝術(shù)形式。
2．The author argues that graffiti ________．
A．is the only art form that is free
B．is best viewed on public walls rather than canvases
C．provides more public benefits than sculptures do
D．should be judged on artistic qualities rather than places
D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)對(duì)全文的整體理解，尤其是第二段最后一句“But the location of such graffiti should not prevent the images themselves from being considered real art.”可知，作者認(rèn)為評(píng)價(jià)涂鴉應(yīng)該根據(jù)其藝術(shù)品質(zhì)而不是其所在地點(diǎn)。
3．The author concludes his passage by ________．
A．restating his position
B．questioning the magazine
C．offering an answer to the matter
D．identifying the benefits of graffiti
C　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容尤其是“One option could be to make a percentage of public spaces open to graffiti artists.”可推知，作者是通過提供一個(gè)解決辦法來結(jié)束文章的。
B
Growing Pains
The term “adulting” started as a sort of joke—whenever a millennial(千禧一代) would do something age-appropriate, this was an act of “adulting”. Now, though, millennials obviously require training in being an adult.
Rachel Flehinger has co-founded an Adulting School, which includes online courses on simple sewing, conflict resolution and cooking. The cause for such classes is that many millennials haven’t left childhood homes—in America 34 percent of adults aged 18 to 34 still lived with their parents as of 2015, up from 26 percent a decade before.
There’s a good deal of truth to this. If you’re living at home, with Mom and Dad doing their best to spoil(溺愛) you, you’re less likely to know how to do laundry, cook or balance a checkbook. Dependency__breeds__enervation.
But living at home doesn’t necessarily lead to dependency. As of 1940, more than 30 percent of 25- to 29-year-olds lived at home with parents or grandparents. They were adulting, even while living at home. Parents expected their kids to do chores, to prepare for life. Instead of blaming living at home, then, we have to blame our style of parenting. The truth is that we’ve simply become lazier as parents.
So what’s the real problem?
We’re more likely to let our kids crash on our couches(長(zhǎng)沙發(fā)) than tell them to get a job and pay rent. We don’t push our kids to build families of their own, as life expectancy has increased, so has adolescence. Americans aren’t expected to start building a life, particularly middle-and upper-class Americans, until they’re nearing their 30s. Then the question is how we can encourage young people to “adult” in non-circumstance-driven fashion.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　千禧一代的孩子接受著父母的寵愛，他們很多人不知道如何洗衣、做飯、管理生活收支，不能獨(dú)立；所以有必要在他們成人之前培訓(xùn)他們縫紉、解決沖突、烹飪等簡(jiǎn)單的生活技能。事實(shí)上，是父母的養(yǎng)育方式導(dǎo)致孩子不能獨(dú)立，父母應(yīng)當(dāng)讓孩子去承擔(dān)他們的責(zé)任。
4．What does the last sentence “Dependency breeds enervation.” in the third paragraph mean?
A．Parents would like to do housework by themselves.
B．Present kids are too lazy to do housework.
C．Dependency makes kids unable to do things.
D．Kids depend on their parents.
C　解析：句意理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句可知，如果你住在家里，爸爸媽媽竭盡全力溺愛你，你就不太可能知道如何洗衣服、做飯或平衡收支。畫線句為進(jìn)一步的總結(jié)，據(jù)此可推知，畫線句意在表達(dá)：過度依賴父母會(huì)使孩子喪失做事情的能力。故C項(xiàng)正確。
5．Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．Millennials would like to be trained in being an adult.
B．Parents are too lazy to do chores.
C．Millennials don’t adult because they still live in their childhood homes.
D．In the 1940s kids were adulting even when they were living at home.
D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二、三句可知，自20世紀(jì)40年代起，有超過30%的25至29歲的人與父母或祖父母一起住在家里；但即使和家人同住，他們也很成熟。故D項(xiàng)正確。
6．Which of the following statements is the main idea of the passage?
A．“Adulting” is hard, but only because parents are too lazy to teach their kids.
B．Millennials should leave home early to adult.
C．Americans aren’t expected to start building a life until they’re nearing their 30s.
D．Adulting schools with online courses are popular.
A　解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段尾句“The truth is that we’ve simply become lazier as parents.”并結(jié)合全文其他內(nèi)容可知，本文主要論述了由于父母的過分寵愛和懶得教孩子們生活技能，現(xiàn)在許多千禧一代的孩子不能獨(dú)立，不知道如何洗衣、做飯、管理生活收支等。故A項(xiàng)正確。
7．According to the passage, what will be written about next?
A．The government should put off the age of adulthood.
B．Parents should leave kids in charge of society.
C．Parents should put responsibility on young people.
D．Pushing kids to adult is painful for parents.
C　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)本文最后一句可知，接下來的問題是，我們?nèi)绾喂膭?lì)年輕人以非環(huán)境驅(qū)動(dòng)的方式“成年”。據(jù)此可推知，下文將介紹家長(zhǎng)如何鼓勵(lì)孩子們承擔(dān)生活的責(zé)任。故C項(xiàng)正確。
【難句分析】　If you’re living at home, with Mom and Dad doing their best to spoil(溺愛) you, you’re less likely to know how to do laundry, cook or balance a checkbook.
分析：本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。句中“If you’re living at home”為if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，“how to do laundry, cook or balance a checkbook”為“疑問副詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，作know的賓語；“with Mom and Dad doing their best to spoil(溺愛) you”為with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語。
譯文：如果你住在家里，父母盡最大努力溺愛你，那你不太可能知道如何洗衣、做飯和管理生活收支。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·臺(tái)州高三模擬)When our restaurant business failed, we headed north in a camping truck to Texas, hoping to have a “fresh start”．
At the __1__ of Palo Duro Canyon(峽谷) State Park, I __2__ a job advertisement hiring park hosts. The position offered a __3__， permanent campsite in the park and __4__， the hosts served as a link between the park’s guests and the rangers(護(hù)林人). It was the perfect solution: a rent-free place to reorganize our lives. We entered the park and I made an __5__ for the following day.
The park was __6__， so it took us some time to find an available site. That evening, as we finished our dinner, my wife saw two large skunks(臭鼬) walking toward our table. We __7__ climbed onto the table and, for the next four hours, waited for them to __8__ our camp.
Having survived that night, we were __9__ that everything else would be all right. The next day we met with the people who ran the park. They explained our __10__ and gave us a beautiful campsite.
That evening, __11__， we learned about the canyon __12__. They were strong and cold, rocking our little camping truck violently, and we lay __13__ in the dark until the winds died away.
__14__ the weeks that followed, we learned to survive in our truck. And we managed to __15__ the little money my wife __16__ by substitute teaching. Building a successful business and then losing it had left very little time for building a successful __17__. For a time after our business __18__ I thought I might lose my family as well.
Living in the tiny __19__ with no television, we sat close together reading and talking. One evening, standing under a jeweled sky, I found myself __20__ for all the hardships. We had walked the trails and climbed the canyon walls. We had become a family!
【解題導(dǎo)語】　餐館生意失敗后作者和妻子一起去了得克薩斯州。作者在帕羅杜洛峽谷州立公園的入口處，看到了招聘公園管理人員的廣告。作者因?yàn)檫@個(gè)崗位能提供免費(fèi)的野營(yíng)地而去參加應(yīng)聘。然后他與妻子一起在野營(yíng)卡車?yán)镞^了幾周的艱苦生活，這樣的生活使作者能夠和妻子緊靠在一起閱讀和談話。最終，作者不僅對(duì)所經(jīng)歷的磨難充滿感激，而且回歸了家庭，并最終愛上峽谷公園的一切。
1．A.back　　　　　　　　　　 B．edge
C．centre D．entrance
D　解析：招聘廣告一般都貼在入口處。entrance“入口”。
2．A.sponsored B．published
C．noticed D．a(chǎn)nswered
C　解析：作者注意到一則招聘公園管理人員的廣告。sponsor“贊助”；publish“出版”；notice“注意”；answer“回答”。
3．A.safe B．free
C．convenient D．beautiful
B　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“a rent-free place”可知，這個(gè)崗位提供一個(gè)免費(fèi)的、永久性的營(yíng)地。
4．A.in return B．in time
C．in short D．in turn
A　解析：根據(jù)空前表述這個(gè)崗位提供永久性的營(yíng)地和空后的這個(gè)崗位的職責(zé)并結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，此處應(yīng)是作為回報(bào)，這些被招聘來的管理人員在公園游客和護(hù)林人員之間起聯(lián)系作用。in return“作為回報(bào)”；in time“及時(shí)”；in short“總而言之”；in turn“輪流，轉(zhuǎn)而”。
5．A.attempt B．a(chǎn)greement
C．a(chǎn)ppeal D．a(chǎn)ppointment
D　解析：根據(jù)下文的“The next day we met with the people who ran the park.”可知，此處是作者與招聘人員約好第二天見面。attempt“嘗試，試圖”；agreement“同意，協(xié)議”；appeal“呼吁，吸引力”；appointment“預(yù)約，約會(huì)，約定”。
6．A.crowded B．dangerous
C．ideal D．quiet
A　解析：根據(jù)空后的“so it took us some time to find an available site”可知，作者花了一些時(shí)間才找到可用的位置，故可反推出：公園是十分擁擠的。crowded“擁擠的”。
7．A.repeatedly B．immediately
C．eventually D．calmly
B　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，看到兩只臭鼬爬過來，作者和妻子立即爬到桌子上。immediately“立即”。
8．A.attack B．leave
C．pass D．search
B　解析：根據(jù)該句中的“waited for them”和語境可知，此處表示作者和妻子等著臭鼬離開。
9．A.satisfied B．determined
C．confident D．a(chǎn)ware
C　解析：根據(jù)空處前后的內(nèi)容可知，那一夜他們有驚無險(xiǎn)地度過了，所以此處作者很自信(confident) 其他一切都會(huì)好起來的。satisfied“滿意的”；determined“有決心的”；aware“知道的，意識(shí)到的”。
10．A.responsibilities B．requirements
C．circumstances D．conditions
A　解析：根據(jù)空前一句可知，作者與招聘人員見了面，招聘人員肯定要向作者說明他們的工作職責(zé)(responsibilities)。requirement“要求”；circumstance“情況，情形”；condition“條件；狀況”。
11．A.moreover B．therefore
C．meanwhile D．however
D　解析：根據(jù)下文的“winds”可知，此處表達(dá)的是，然而(however)，那天夜里他們?cè)庥龅搅藣{谷狂風(fēng)(winds)。
12．A.winds B．snows
C．woods D．trails
A　解析：參見上題解析。
13．A.shaking B．quarrelling
C．mourning D．a(chǎn)ching
A　解析：根據(jù)空前一句“They were strong and cold, rocking our little camping truck violently”可知，寒冷的狂風(fēng)搖動(dòng)著野營(yíng)車，作者和妻子也隨之抖動(dòng)直到狂風(fēng)漸息。shake“搖動(dòng)，抖動(dòng)”；quarrel“爭(zhēng)吵”；mourn“哀悼，憂傷”；ache“疼痛”。
14．A.After B．Between
C．During D．Beyond
C　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，在接下來的幾周時(shí)間里(During)，作者和妻子學(xué)會(huì)了在卡車中生存(live on)并設(shè)法依靠妻子臨時(shí)代課掙(earned)來的少量的錢生活。
15．A.give away B．hand out
C．live on D．put aside
C
16．A.borrowed B．earned
C．posted D．raised
B
17．A.business B．career
C．family D．image
C　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“I might lose my family as well”可知，此處表達(dá)的是開了一個(gè)成功的店，然后又失去了它，(這一過程)使得作者很少有時(shí)間建立一個(gè)成功的家庭，故選C。
18．A.started B．failed
C．expanded D．declined
B　解析：根據(jù)第一段第一句中的“When our restaurant business failed”可知，此處是生意失敗后的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，作者認(rèn)為自己連家也可能失去。start“開始”；fail“失敗”；expand“擴(kuò)大”；decline“下降，拒絕”。
19．A.truck B．park
C．house D．camp
A　解析：根據(jù)上文中的“survive in our truck”可知，此處表示作者夫妻倆生活在無電視的狹小的野營(yíng)卡車內(nèi)。
20．A.desperate B．ready
C．suitable D．thankful
D　解析：根據(jù)本段最后一句“We had become a family！”和空前的“a jeweled sky”可知，此處應(yīng)是作者對(duì)過去的磨難充滿了感激。desperate“絕望的”；ready“準(zhǔn)備好”；suitable“適合的”；thankful“感激的”。

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