一、語基必備知識
(一)重點詞匯——分類記憶
Ⅰ.閱讀詞匯——知其意
1．earthquake n．　　　　　　　 地震
2．quake n. 震動；地震
3．crack n. 裂縫；噼啪聲
vt.& vi. (使)開裂；破裂
4．smelly adj. 發(fā)臭的；有臭味的
5．farmyard n. 農(nóng)場；農(nóng)家
6．pipe n. 管；導管
7．event n. 事件；大事
8．dam n. 水壩；堰堤
9．canal n. 運河；水道
10．steam n. 蒸汽；水汽
11．survivor n. 幸存者；生還者；
殘存物
12．brick n. 磚；磚塊
13．track n. 軌道；足跡；痕跡
14．shelter n. 掩蔽；掩蔽處；
避身處
15．title n. 標題；頭銜；資格
16．bar n. 條；棒；條狀物
17．reporter n. 記者
18．outline n. 要點；大綱；輪廓
19．headline n. 報刊的大字標題
20．well n. 井
21．cyclist n. 騎自行車的人
Ⅱ.核心詞匯——寫其形
1．burst vi. 爆裂；爆發(fā)
n. 突然破裂；爆發(fā)
2．million n. 百萬
3．rescue n．& vt. 援救；營救
4．bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隱藏
5．destroy vt. 破壞；毀壞；消滅
6．damage n．& vt. 損失；損害
7．ruin n. 廢墟；毀滅
vt. 毀滅；使破產(chǎn)
8．trap vt. 使陷入困境
n. 陷阱；困境
9．electricity n. 電；電流；電學
10．sincerely adv. 真誠地；真摯地
11．disaster n. 災難；災禍
Ⅲ.拓展詞匯——通其變
1．nation n．民族；國家；國民→national adj.民族的；國家的；國民的→nationality n．國籍
2．shock vt.& vi.(使)震驚；震動 n．休克；打擊；震驚→shocking adj.令人震驚的→shocked adj.感到震驚的
3．injure vt.傷害；損害→injury n．損害；傷害→injured adj.受傷的
4．express vt.表示；表達 n．快車；速遞→expression n．表達；表情
5．frighten vt.使驚嚇；嚇?！鷉rightened adj.受驚的；受恐嚇的→frightening adj.令人恐懼的
6．congratulate vt.祝賀→congratulation n．祝賀；(復數(shù))賀詞
7．use n．& vt.用→useless adj.無用的；無效的；無益的→useful adj.有用的
8．extreme adj.極度的→extremely adv.極度地
9．judge n．裁判員；法官 vt.斷定；判斷；判決→judgement n．看法，意見；判斷力；審判，判決
10．dirt n．污垢；泥土→dirty adj.臟的，骯臟的
11．mine n．礦；礦山；礦井→miner n．礦工

1.聚焦-ing/-ed結(jié)尾的形容詞
①　
②
③
④
2.“真誠；誠實”家族
①sincere adj.　　 真誠的
sincerely adv. 真誠地
②genuine adj. 真誠的；真心的
genuinely adv. 真誠地；誠實地
③hearty adj. 親切的；真誠的；
熱誠的
④honest adj. 誠實的；正直的
honesty n. 誠實；正直；坦誠
3.“A→A→A”式不規(guī)則動詞變化
①burst→burst→burst　　　 爆裂；爆發(fā)
②cost→cost→cost 花費
③put→put→put 放下
④hurt→hurt→hurt 傷害
⑤shut→shut→shut 關(guān)閉
⑥hit→hit→hit 打
⑦cut→cut→cut 砍，切
⑧forecast→forecast→forecast 預報
(二)重點短語——記牢用活
1．right__away　　　　　　　 立刻；馬上
2．think__little/nothing__of 認為……沒什么了不起
3．a(chǎn)t__an__end 結(jié)束；終結(jié)
4．in__ruins 嚴重受損；破敗不堪
5．dig__out 掘出；發(fā)現(xiàn)
6．a(chǎn)__(great)__number__of 許多；大量的
7．be__proud__of__ 為……自豪
8．judging__from 從……判斷
9．be__trapped__in 陷入
10．be__buried__in 埋頭于

1.“think＋adv.＋of”短語薈萃
①think little of　　 認為……沒什么了不起
②think highly of 重視；看得起
③think well of 重視
④think poorly of 輕視
⑤think badly of 認為……不好
2.“埋頭于；專心于”的多種表達
①be lost in　　
②be buried in
③be occupied in
④be absorbed in
⑤be devoted to
⑥apply oneself to
3.表示“立刻；馬上”的詞語薈萃
①right away
②right now
③at once
④in no time
⑤immediately
⑥instantly
(三)重點句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：too...to...太……而不能……，表示否定意義
In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too__nervous__to__eat.
在農(nóng)家大院里， 雞甚至連豬都緊張得不想吃食。
句型2：It seemed/seems (to sb.) that/as if...(對某人來說)似乎/好像……
It__seemed__as__if the world was at an end！　仿佛到了世界末日！
句型3：everywhere引導讓步狀語從句
Everywhere__they__looked nearly everything was destroyed.　無論他們往哪里看， 幾乎一切都被毀了。
句型4：all...not＝not all...表示部分否定
All__hope__was__not__lost.　不是所有的希望都破滅了。
二、語境強化訓練
Ⅰ.語境填詞——根據(jù)提示寫出該詞的適當形式
1．His house was destroyed(破壞) in the earthquake last year and he had to build a new one.
2．After learning that the boys had been lost for almost 20 hours, the police sent out a rescue(營救) team to look for them.
3．Too much drinking will do damage(傷害) to your health. You should take the doctor’s advice.
4．This is one of the worst natural disasters(disaster) ever to hit the area.
5．(2019·北京卷)They are__extremely(extreme) important in the safe and effective running of our programmes.
6．(2018·北京卷)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had been trapped(trap) in the mountains for two days.
Ⅱ.語境品詞——寫出加黑詞匯在語境中的意義
1．(2019·浙江卷6月閱讀A)Zachariah Fike has an unusual hobby.He finds old military(軍隊的) medals for sale in antique stores and on the Internet.But unlike most collectors，Zac tracks down the medals’ rightful owners, and returns them.跟蹤
2．(2019·江蘇卷閱讀B)These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack，leaving behind a vast hole, the caldera.裂縫
3．(2019·北京卷閱讀B)It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad. On the outing, she was offered a candy bar.糖果
4．(2017·北京卷完形)She couldn’t understand why some people had to live their lives without shelter or enough food.避身處
Ⅲ.派生詞練習——用所給詞的適當形式填空
1．After seeing the frightening film, the frightened boy was too frightened to walk home alone in the dark. (frighten)
2．The headmaster wrote a letter to congratulate her on her good performance and the exciting congratulations encouraged her greatly.(congratulate)
3．Judging from his looks, he must be an honest man. On the contrary, he often robs and steals, so the judge pointed out that a man should not be judged by his appearance.(judge)
4．We were shocked at the shocking news that he died suddenly yesterday.(shock)
5．Rescuers said the injured were taken to a hospital nearby, and fortunately the injuries were not serious, not life threatening.(injure)
6．Britain is a developed nation and its national flower is rose. Many people dream of having British nationality．(nation)
Ⅳ.選詞成篇
a number of; think highly of; be buried in; be proud of; judge from
Tom came up with a good idea for an invention after he had 1.been__buried__in his research for years. This invention was a shock to the world and it was 2.highly__thought__of by many famous scientists. 3.Judging__from recent surveys, his invention would greatly benefit the disabled. Many people wrote him letters conveying congratulations on his success. He also received 4.a__number__of__invitations to international conferences. His family and friends 5.were__proud__of him.
Ⅴ.完成句子
1．(全國卷Ⅲ)我不能和你一起去書店，因為我身體太虛弱了以至于無法走出臥室。
The reason why I can’t go to the bookstore with you is that I’m too__weak__to__walk__out__of my bedroom.
2．一對年輕夫婦在船上吃著東西，說著話，大笑著，好像他們是這世界上僅有的人。
A young couple in a boat were eating, talking and laughing loudly as__if__they__were__the__only__people__in__the__world．
3．無論他走到哪里，他都受到熱烈歡迎。
Everywhere__he__went,__he received a warm welcome.
4．在我們學校并非所有的學生都在課余時間進行體育鍛煉。
All the students in our school don’t__take__physical__exercise in their spare time.


burst　vi.(burst，burst)爆裂；爆發(fā)　n．突然破裂；爆發(fā)
[基礎練習]——單句語法填空
①I was teaching foreigners to learn Beijing Opera when a group of pupils burst__in．
②He burst into the room without knocking at the door，which made me very angry.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升級
看到她的同學因為她愚蠢的錯誤哄堂大笑，她突然哭了起來。
③(普通表達)When she saw her classmates burst__into__laughter because of her foolish mistakes, she burst__into__tears.
④(高級表達)Seeing__her__classmates__burst__out__laughing because of her foolish mistakes, she burst__out__crying．(burst out；分詞作狀語)

(1) 突然哭起來/笑起來
(2)burst in/into 闖入，突然破門而入
(3)burst with anger 勃然大怒
(4)a burst of 一陣
[佳句背誦] When the professor entered the lecture hall, there was a burst of applause.
當教授走進演講大廳時，突然爆發(fā)出一陣掌聲。
[名師點津]
(1)burst in中的in是副詞，后面不接賓語；
(2)burst into中的into是介詞，后面應接賓語。
ruin　n．[U]毀滅；毀壞；[常用復數(shù)]廢墟　vt.(使)毀壞；成為廢墟
[基礎練習]——單句語法填空
①(北京卷)When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins(ruin)．
②He returned home several years later, only to be told the whole supermarket had__been__ruined(ruin) in a great fire.
[能力提升]——一句多譯
他犯了個錯誤， 這讓他失去了出國的機會。
③He made a mistake, which__ruined__the__chance of going abroad.(定語從句)
④He made a mistake, ruining__the__chance of going abroad.(分詞作狀語)

(1)lie/be in ruins　　　 成為廢墟
be reduced to ruins 淪為廢墟
(2)ruin oneself 毀掉自己；自取滅亡
ruin one’s health/fame
毀壞某人的健康/聲譽
[佳句背誦] A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing three years ago but ruins.
許多高樓在三年前除了廢墟什么也沒有的地方拔地而起。
injure　vt.損害；傷害
[基礎練習]——單句語法填空
①(2018·北京卷)By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured(injure) ankle hurt badly.
②(2018·北京卷)A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was__injured(injure)．
③A terrible accident happened at the crossing and an ambulance rushed the injured(injure) to the hospital.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④我的左腳受了重傷，不能按計劃和你一起去了。
With__my__left__foot__seriously__injured,__I can’t go with you as planned.

(1)injured adj.　　　　　　　　 受傷的
get injured 受傷
the injured 傷員
(2)injury n. 傷；傷口；傷害
do sb.an injury/do an injury to sb. 傷害某人
[佳句背誦] I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I would have been injured.
我系著安全帶。如果我沒有系安全帶，我就會受傷了。
bury　vt.埋葬；掩埋；隱藏；使沉浸，使專心；插入，刺入
[基礎練習]——單句語法填空
①(2017·天津卷書面表達)Though buried(bury) in books these days, I have still joined several student clubs in order to improve myself.
②He sank into a chair, burying (bury) his face in his hands.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升級
他埋頭看書，不知道外面在下雨。
③(普通表達)Because he buried__himself__in/was__buried__in his books, he didn’t know it was raining outside.
④(高級表達)Burying__himself__in__his__books,__he was not aware it was raining outside. (現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語)
⑤(高級表達)Buried__in__his__books,__he was not aware it was raining outside. (過去分詞短語作狀語)

(1)　　　　　　 埋頭于；專心于
(2)bury one’s face in one’s hands 雙手掩面
[佳句背誦] She sat on the ground, buried in thought.　她坐在地上，陷入沉思。
[聯(lián)想發(fā)散] 表示“專心于；致力于”的短語還有：
①be devoted to；
②be lost in；
③be engaged in；
④be absorbed in；
⑤focus/concentrate on．
judge　vt.斷定；判斷；判決　n．裁判員；法官
[基礎練習]——單句語法填空
①(2018·江蘇卷)The economic impact of the arts is often overlooked and badly judged(judge)．
②We can judge the age by the growth ring of the tree, and it must have lived for many years.
③Judging(judge) from the above story，we can draw the conclusion that we don’t judge a man by/from his looks.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④我認為，他們讓一些學生帶手機是錯誤的。
As__far__as__I__can__judge,__it is wrong for them to let some students carry mobile phones.

(1)judge...from/by...　　 從……來判斷……
as far as I can judge 據(jù)我判斷，我認為
(2)judging by/from... 根據(jù)……判斷
(3)judgement n. 看法；判斷力；判決
[佳句背誦] I’m writing to invite you to be a judge at our English Speech Contest to be held in our school on June 15.　我寫信邀請你擔任6月15日在我們學校舉辦的英語演講比賽的裁判。
[名師點津] judging from/by表示“從……來看”，用在句首時為一個獨立成分，不受句子主語和時態(tài)的影響。
at an end　結(jié)束；終結(jié)
[基礎練習]——單句語法填空
①The meeting came to an end and he set down a number of key words.
②At first he refused to accept any responsibility but he ended up apologizing(apologize)．
③Go straight and you will find the hospital at the end of the road.
[能力提升]——詞匯升級
④(普通表達)The speech contest finished. Thankfully, I ended up winning the first prize and my hard work paid off finally.
(高級表達)The speech contest was__at__an__end. Thankfully, I ended up winning the first prize and my hard work paid off in__the__end．

(1)at the end of...　　 在……盡頭，在……末端
by the end of... 到……時候為止(常與完成時態(tài)連用)
in the end 最后；終于
(2)come to an end 結(jié)束
put an end to sth. 結(jié)束；終結(jié)
make (both) ends meet　　 使收支相抵
(3)end up with 以……結(jié)束
end up doing sth. 以做某事結(jié)束
[佳句背誦] When the journey was at an end，everybody felt tired and hungry.
當旅程結(jié)束時，大家覺得又累又餓。
a (great) number of　許多；大量的
[基礎練習]——單句語法填空
①As China develops fast and steadily, a number of foreigners are__learning(learn) Chinese as a second language.
②In China, the number of cities is__increasing(increase) whose development is recognized across the world.
③A great deal of money was__donated(donate) to a university by an ordinary worker, which aroused public attention.
④With more and more forests cut down, large quantities of soil are(be) being washed away.
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤我聽說我們學校的圖書館正計劃購置許多新書，所以我寫信推薦一些書。
I’ve heard that our school library is planning to__buy__a__number__of__new__books,__so I am writing to recommend some books.

(1)＋可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)
(2)＋不可數(shù)名詞
(3)＋
[佳句背誦] In addition, there are a great number of famous artists whose masterpieces will be on exhibition.
此外，許多著名藝術(shù)家的杰作將被展覽。(2017·全國卷Ⅱ書面表達)

too...to...太……而不能……，表示否定意義
(教材P26) In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.
在農(nóng)家大院里，雞甚至連豬都緊張得不想吃食。
[基礎練習]——單句語法填空
①Little John is too young to__take(take) up the difficult job.
②He was too eager to know the result of his examination.
③You can’t be too careful when you do your homework.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④這輛自行車似乎太重了，很難控制。更糟糕的是，我從自行車上摔下來很多次。
The bike seemed too__heavy__and__difficult__to__control. Worse still, I took many falls off the bike.

(1)too＋adj./adv.(for sb.) ＋to do sth.表示否定的意義，意為“太……而不能……”。
(2)當too...to...用來修飾表達人的態(tài)度、情緒傾向的形容詞如anxious, eager, glad, happy, pleased, ready, willing等時，不定式表示肯定意義。
(3)can’t/can never...too...再怎么……也不過分。　
[佳句背誦] In my view, the problem is too difficult for her to solve.
依我看來，問題對她來說太難解決了。
It seemed/seems (to sb.) that/as if...(對某人來說)似乎/好像……
(教材P26)It seemed as if the world was at an end!
仿佛到了世界末日！
[基礎練習]——單句語法填空
①The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were(be) their own mother.
②When he saw his mother at the street corner, the boy cried sadly as if he had__been__scolded(scold) by someone else.
③He opened his mouth as if to__say(say) something.
④The tennis player is lying on the floor as if hurt(hurt) badly.
[能力提升]——句式升級
⑤(普通表達)She stood there as if she was waiting for someone.
(高級表達)She stood there as__if__waiting for someone.(省略)

(1)如果從句表示的情況是真實的或極有可能發(fā)生的，從句謂語用陳述語氣。
(2)如果從句所陳述的情況是不真實的或極少可能發(fā)生的，從句謂語用虛擬語氣。
與現(xiàn)在事實相反：did/were
與過去事實相反：had done
與將來事實相反：would/could...＋do
(3)如as if/though引導的從句中的主語和主句的主語相同，且含有be動詞，可省略從句主語和be動詞?！?
[佳句背誦] Look at the dark clouds in the sky! It seems as if it is going to rain.Let’s hurry up.
看看天上的烏云！看起來要下雨，咱們快一點。
all...not＝not all...表示部分否定
(教材P26)All hope was not lost.
不是所有的希望都破滅了。
[基礎練習]——單句語法填空/完成句子
①(2018·浙江卷6月讀后續(xù)寫)Dad proposed that we should walk along the river which may lead us to the farm house and nothing__seemed better than that.
②He told me all pieces of the news, but none__of__them__was__exciting(沒有一個是有趣的)．
③Our English teacher is excellent，but she can’t__help__everyone(不能幫助每一個人) in the class in 50 minutes.
[能力提升]——一句多譯
事實是并不是每個人都把合理安排時間看得很重要。
④The truth is that not__everyone__is__attaching__great__importance__to time management.
⑤The truth is that everyone__is__not__attaching__great__importance__to time management.,　　all...not...＝not all...，意為 “并非所有的……都……”，表示部分否定。

(1)英語中的all, both, every, everybody, everything, completely, always, whole, entirely 等與否定詞not連用，無論not位置如何，均構(gòu)成部分否定，表示“并非……都……”的意思。
(2)英語中的no, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no one, nowhere等表否定意義的詞(組)與肯定式謂語一起使用構(gòu)成“全部否定”?！?
[佳句背誦] It’s impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs, because not all of them are fit for them.　并非所有的求職者都能找到工作，因為并非所有人都勝任這些工作。


Ⅰ.詞形轉(zhuǎn)換和動詞的形式變換(用所給詞的正確形式填空)
1．(2018·北京卷書面表達)Their expressions(express)suggested they had affection for Chinese tea culture.
2．My father is extremely(extreme) proud that I followed in his footsteps and became a doctor.
3．We offered our sincere congratulations(congratulate) to her when she finally graduated from college.
4．A large number of soldiers were sent there to__rescue (rescue) those trapped in the buildings.
5．When trapped(trap) in the forest, stay where you are, waiting for the rescue.
6．(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)Studies found that people who woke(wake) up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening.
Ⅱ.固定用法和搭配(在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式)
1．On seeing the Chinese volleyball team appeared on the stage, the audience burst out cheering(cheer)．
2．When the game finally ended, both of us were lying flat on our backs, too tired to move.
3．School started, but I felt more nervous as if I were(be) in a foreign country now.
4．Jim entered the competition without much hope，not thinking he would end up with the first prize.
5．San Francisco lay in ruins even though rescuers managed to dig out a great number of survivors.
Ⅲ.熟詞生義(根據(jù)具體語境寫出加黑詞的含義)
1．(2017·全國卷Ⅱ閱讀B)We were respectful of craft (技藝) and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play.深入研究
2．(2017·全國卷Ⅰ語法填空)Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack (吃點心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be careful not to go to extremes.走極端
3．(浙江卷)Suddenly another thought went through Kate’s mind like an electric shock.電擊

提能一　語段填空(在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式)
(一)
Because of the destruction of the natural habitat in this area, wild animals are in great danger. To avoid any serious 1.injures(injure) to wildlife, a nature reserve was built last month. Our local government received many letters of 2.congratulations(congratulate) from all walks of life. Many people and organizations donated money as a(n) 3.expression(express) of appreciation and support. According to a(n) 4.judgement(judge) made by some experts, this reserve would have a(n) 5.extremely(extreme) positive effect on the local ecosystem. Our government is determined to protect wild animals from being endangered.
(二)
The typhoon caused the worst destruction in the south of China, killing 15 people and 1.injuring(injure) a great number of people. What’s more, a village 2.was__buried(bury) beneath the mud of a landslide though the villagers had been warned that their village would be at risk of 3.being__ruined(ruin). Helicopters were finally sent to the 4.destroyed(destroy) areas because many people needed 5.to__be__rescued(rescue) right away.
提能二　話題寫作(用本單元詞匯、句式和語法知識寫滿分作文)
某地發(fā)生地震后，許多互聯(lián)網(wǎng)科技企業(yè)、各大旅游網(wǎng)站和汽車公司等紛紛在第一時間加入搶險救災的行列中。請你以災區(qū)學生李華的名義給這些企業(yè)寫一封感謝信，表達你的感激之情。
1．補全要點句(黑體部分請用本單元所學詞匯)
①我寫信感激你們及時的援助，因為沒有你們的援助我的生活就不會恢復正常。
I’m writing to express__my__thanks__for__your__timely__rescue,__because without it my life couldn’t have returned to normal.
②幾天前，一場極其可怕的地震襲擊了我的家鄉(xiāng)，使得許多房屋成為廢墟并徹底毀壞了我的家。(定語從句)
A few days ago, an__extremely__frightening__earthquake__struck__my__hometown,__which__left__a__great__number__of__houses__in__ruins__and__completely__destroyed__my__house．
③我震驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)一切都被埋在了倒塌的房屋下面，于是我大哭起來。
I was__shocked__to__find__everything__buried under the fallen houses, so__I__burst__into__tears/burst__out__crying．
④一切似乎是世界末日。
It__seemed__as__if__the__world__was__at__an__end.
⑤盡管你們是陌生人，但是你們竭盡全力幫助我讓我有避難處可住，有足夠的食物和水賴以存活。
Strangers as you are, you__have__done__everything__in__your__power__to__help__me__have__a__shelter__to__live__in and enough food and water to survive on.
⑥我再怎么感激你們也不為過。
I__can’t__express__my__gratitude__too__much.
2．升級平淡句
⑦用“介詞＋which”引導非限制性定語從句升級句①
I’m__writing__to__express__my__thanks__for__your__timely__rescue,__without__which__my__life__couldn’t__have__returned__to__normal.
⑧用分詞作狀語升級句③
Shocked__to__find__everything__buried__under__the__fallen__houses,__I__burst__into__tears/burst__out__crying.
3．銜接成美文(注意使用適當?shù)倪^渡銜接詞匯：as far as I can judge, thankfully, therefore)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear sir/madam，
I’m writing to express my thanks for your timely rescue, without which my life couldn’t have returned to normal.
A few days ago, an extremely frightening earthquake struck my hometown, which left a great number of houses in ruins and completely destroyed my house. Shocked to find everything buried under the fallen houses, I burst into tears/burst out crying. As far as I can judge, it seemed as if the world was at an end. Thankfully, strangers as you are, you have done everything in your power to help me have a shelter to live in and enough food and water to survive on. Therefore, I can’t express my gratitude too much.
Yours，
Li Hua

(建議用時：35分鐘)
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
(2020·寧波重點中學教學質(zhì)量評估)Being “young” is associated with all the good things in life—beauty, hope, and energy. But youth also has negative associations—impulsiveness, troublemaking, and irresponsibility. This negative side seems to be what society focuses on more, which is why young people have mostly been considered as idle and difficult.
But when it comes to Generation Z—those born between 1995 and 2010—this__stereotype doesn’t seem to apply anymore.
In Japan, for example, Gen Zers are less likely to buy on impulse, but take into consideration more a product’s true value.“They’re looking at the companies, not just the products，” Masahiko Uotani, CEO of Japanese cosmetics company Shiseido, told Bloomberg.“They’re asking，‘Are they really delivering value to the society? Are they promoting diversity and inclusiveness？’”
Gen Zers are also more grounded than we’ve expected them to be. According to a recent survey by Bank of America, more than half of young adults aged between 18 and 23 said they were planning to buy a house within five years. And they’re not just saying it—they are willing to make sacrifices for it, including getting a second job and saving money for a down payment instead of spending it on a vacation.
“Despite their young age, this group is pragmatic and actively planning for their future，” D. Steve Boland, head of Consumer Lending at Bank of America, told USA Today.“They have a clear vision of how they are willing to help themselves in order to make it happen.”
Social issues are also at the center of concern of Gen Zers, who take themselves as a changing force of the world. In India, for example, young people who have just reached the voting age are eager to vote for a new leader who is capable of solving problems that matter the most to them, including pollution, unemployment and women’s safety.
As a Gen Zer yourself, what is your plan for the future?
【解題導語】　Z一代是指在1995年和2010年之間出生的人，這一代人在消費方面比較理智。他們比我們想象中更理性、務實，他們對未來有清晰的設想，這顛覆了人們對年輕人的傳統(tǒng)看法。
1．What do the underlined words “this stereotype” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Being young is good.
B．Gen Zers are born after 1995.
C．The traditional poor impressions on the youth.
D．The associations with young people.
C　解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段第二、三句可知，社會更關(guān)注與年輕人相關(guān)的負面情況，通常，年輕人被認為是懶散的和難相處的。結(jié)合畫線部分所在句可知，此處表述這種刻板印象不再適用于Z一代。故畫線部分指的是上文提到的人們對年輕人的傳統(tǒng)的、糟糕的印象，故選C。
2．We can infer from the third paragraph that ________．
A．Gen Zers in Japan are picky
B．Gen Zers are self-centered
C．Gen Zers care little about products
D．Gen Zers are wise when shopping
D　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容，尤其是“Gen Zers are less likely to buy on impulse...‘They’re looking at the companies, not just the products’”可知，Z一代不太可能沖動購物，他們會更多地考慮產(chǎn)品的真正價值，由此可推知，Z一代在購物時是明智的，故正確答案為D。A項意為“日本的Z一代很挑剔”，第三段是講述日本的Z一代在消費中很理性，并無信息表明他們挑剔。
3．What’s D．Steve Boland’s attitude to the Gen Zers?
A．Approving.　　　　　　 B．Negative.
C．Indifferent. D．Critical.
A　解析：觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞D.Steve Boland定位到文章第五段，根據(jù)該段內(nèi)容可知，D.Steve Boland認為盡管Z一代很年輕，但這代人務實且積極地規(guī)劃他們的未來，他們有清晰的設想并愿意努力去實現(xiàn)它；由此可推知，D.Steve Boland對于Z一代是持贊同的態(tài)度的，故正確答案為A。
【難句分析】　According to a recent survey by Bank of America, more than half of young adults aged between 18 and 23 said they were planning to buy a house within five years.
分析：According to a recent survey by Bank of America是介詞短語作狀語；主句主語是more than half of young adults，謂語是said; they were planning to buy a house within five years是省略了that的賓語從句，作said的賓語。
譯文：根據(jù)最近美國銀行所做的一項調(diào)查，一半以上的18歲到23歲的年輕人說他們正計劃在五年之內(nèi)買房子。
B
Children in rural areas of Cambodia often suffer from or even die of preventable illnesses because there is not any soap available.
In 2014, Samir Lakhani, an American college student, saw the issue while volunteering in a Cambodian village.“I remember quite vividly a mother bathing her newborn baby with laundry powder, which is so harmful to the skin，” said Lakhani.“It’s difficult for rural Cambodians to access soap. First is affordability. If you earn only $1.50 every day, you won’t spend $1 on a bar of soap. Then comes access. The demand is so low that local shops don’t stock soap. The last reason, because many Cambodians don’t really understand where diseases come from, they don’t know how to prevent them, including using soap.”
After figuring out a solution to the problem: the barely used soap in hotels, Lakhani started asking hotels to donate leftover soap.“They were all eager to help，” he explained.
Lakhani registered Eco-Soap Bank shortly afterwards. Soon, he received enough funds to hire disadvantaged Cambodian women to collect and reproduce the used soap.
Today, the organization has four recycling centers across the country, providing jobs to 35 local women. And so far, some 174，000 bars of soap have been donated, about 24，000 pounds of soap has been recycled, and hygiene(衛(wèi)生) has been improved for about 661，000 people.“We are killing__three__birds with one stone，” Lakhani said.
When it comes to the future of Eco-Soap Bank, Lakhani said，“We’ve just scratched the surface. Lack of hygiene is not something unique to Cambodia. The demand for improved hygiene in the developing world is huge, and much remains to be done. We’re looking at seven countries to expand to in the near future.”
【解題導語】　柬埔寨農(nóng)村地區(qū)的孩子經(jīng)常遭受甚至死于可預防的疾病，因為沒有任何可用的肥皂；美國人Samir Lakhani注意到了這個問題，于是他開始請求旅館捐贈肥皂并成立了Eco-Soap Bank來解決該地區(qū)的肥皂問題。
4．Which of the following is not mentioned as the reason why rural Cambodians don’t use soap?
A．Poverty. B．Inaccessibility.
C．Unawareness. D．Tradition.
D　解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“affordability”“access”以及“many Cambodians don’t really understand where diseases come from, they don’t know how to prevent them”可知，貧困、缺少接觸途徑以及缺乏意識是柬埔寨人很少用肥皂的原因。故選D。
5．What does the underlined part “killing three birds” in paragraph 5 refer to?
A．Saving soap, curing diseases and providing education.
B．Stopping pollution, providing jobs and inspiring donation.
C．Reducing waste, providing employment and improving health.
D．Recycling waste, helping charity and improving community hygiene.
C　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的“four recycling centers”和“providing jobs”以及“hygiene(衛(wèi)生) has been improved”可知，“killing three birds”在文章中指的是減少廢物、提供就業(yè)機會以及改進健康狀況。故選C。
6．What can we infer about Eco-Soap Bank?
A．It won’t be long before it expands to the whole world.
B．There’s little it can do without other countries’ assistance.
C．It will make greater contributions to the developing world.
D．It will soon settle the problem of poor hygiene in Cambodia.
C　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容尤其是最后一句“We’re looking at seven countries to expand to in the near future.”可知，Eco-Soap Bank將會把自己的服務擴展到其他七個發(fā)展中國家。由此可推知，Eco-Soap Bank將對發(fā)展中國家作出更大貢獻。故選C。根據(jù)最后一段中的“The demand for improved hygiene in the developing world is huge, and much remains to be done.”可知，該組織主要是改進發(fā)展中國家的衛(wèi)生狀況，并沒有擴展到全世界，故A項錯誤；文章沒有提到B、D兩項所表述的內(nèi)容。
7．What do we know about the text?
A．Eco-Soap Bank helps improve hygiene.
B．Cambodian women have a bright future.
C．A US young man calls for helping poor countries.
D．Lack of hygiene remains a serious problem in the world.
A　解析：推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章講述了Eco-Soap Bank能為柬埔寨鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)的人提供肥皂，從而改善那里的衛(wèi)生狀況，故A項正確。文章第五段只提到了35位當?shù)貗D女獲得工作，故B項以偏概全；本文主要講述美國人Samir Lakhani成立了Eco-Soap Bank來幫助解決柬埔寨的肥皂問題，未提到他呼吁幫助一些貧困國家，故C項不符合題意；文章只提到了柬埔寨以及其他發(fā)展中國家的衛(wèi)生問題，故D項不符合題意。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·紹興診斷性考試)It was 1972, and I was in second grade. In the classroom the teacher, Ms.Boyette was __1__ aloud to us from Island of the Blue Dolphins. And we had just come to a part of the book where the main __2__ was training a wild dog. I was listening, fascinated by the __3__ of all.
Not far away from me, there seated a boy who always frightened or __4__ others, so I was __5__ of this boy. While Ms.Boyette was reading, I looked over at him, for he was someone I was in the __6__ of keeping an eye on. I __7__ that he was listening too, that he was engaged by the __8__， that he was leaning forward in his seat and listening with all his heart. I __9__ at him, open-mouthed. I was __10__ that this boy was in fact just __11__ me. He was a kid who liked a story. The boy must __12__ my eyes on him, because he turned. Then something __13__ happened. He smiled at me. __14__， I smiled back, unafraid. We were two __15__ smiling at each other.
Why have I never forgotten this __16__ moment? Why do I still __17__ every detail of it? I think it’s because that moment illustrates so beautifully the __18__ of reading out loud. It shows us into a safe room, where everyone involved, the reader and the listener, can have that chance to __19__ each other. We humans long not just for the story, not just for the flow of language, but for the __20__ that comes when words are read aloud.
【解題導語】　本文是一篇記敘文。作者通過回憶兒時的故事闡明了大聲朗讀的力量所在。
1．A.shouting B．singing
C．talking D．reading
D　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“come to a part of the book”和“I was listening”可推知，當時老師在給學生們朗讀小說，與下文中的“While Ms. Boyette was reading”呼應。
2．A.author B．character
C．reader D．listener
B　解析：根據(jù)上文可知，老師在給學生們讀小說的一個章節(jié)，并結(jié)合空后的“was training a wild dog”可推知，此處表示小說中的主人公正在訓練一只野狗。character“人物，角色”。
3．A.wonder B．silence
C．warmth D．comfort
A　解析：根據(jù)空前的“fascinated by the”并結(jié)合語境可推知，作者被小說中的奇妙之處迷住了。wonder“奇妙之處”。
4．A.greeted B．touched
C．hurt D．refused
C　解析：根據(jù)該句中的“frightened or ______ others”，并結(jié)合選項可推知，那個男孩總是嚇?；騻λ?。
5．A.aware B．terrified
C．bored D．guilty
B　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“I smiled back, unafraid”，并結(jié)合語境可推知，作者害怕這個男孩。
6．A.habit B．form
C．effort D．hope
A　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“The boy must ______ my eyes on him, because he turned.”并結(jié)合語境可推知，當老師讀小說時，作者習慣盯著那個男孩。
7．A.predicted B．imagined
C．promised D．noticed
D　解析：根據(jù)上文中的“keeping an eye on”可推知，作者當時一直盯著那個男孩，注意到了一些細節(jié)，與下文的具體描述呼應。
8．A.speech B．story
C．journey D．diary
B　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“He was a kid who liked a story.”可知，男孩被老師朗讀的故事吸引了。
9．A.pointed B．nodded
C．stared D．waved
C　解析：根據(jù)上文中的“keeping an eye on”可推知，作者當時盯著那個男孩看。
10．A.struck B．mixed
C．cheated D．confused
A　解析：根據(jù)上文的“open-mouthed”并結(jié)合語境可推知，作者當時很吃驚，突然意識到了什么。strike“突然想到，猛地意識到”。
11．A.behind B．beyond
C．a(chǎn)round D．like
D　解析：根據(jù)上文中的“I was listening, fascinated by the ______ of all.”可推知，作者喜歡聽故事，根據(jù)下文中的“He was a kid who liked a story.”可推知，這個男孩也喜歡聽故事，作者意識到這個男孩和自己很像。
12．A.ignore B．feel
C．meet D．observe
B　解析：根據(jù)空后的“because he turned”可推知，男孩感覺到作者在盯著他，所以轉(zhuǎn)過頭來。
13．A.useful B．natural
C．serious D．a(chǎn)mazing
D　解析：根據(jù)下文的“He smiled at me.”，并結(jié)合上文介紹的這個男孩經(jīng)常嚇?；騻λ丝赏浦泻ψ髡呶⑿κ且患钊梭@奇的事。
14．A.Then B．Again
C．Instead D．Besides
A　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，作者給對方以微笑回應，由此可知前后句表示邏輯上的順承關(guān)系。then“然后”。
15．A.strangers B．kids
C．teachers D．enemies
B　解析：根據(jù)上文中的“I was in second grade”可知，作者和那個男孩當時都還是孩子。
16．A.funny B．busy
C．lucky D．small
D　解析：根據(jù)上文的描述可知，作者陳述的只是上課時的一個短暫的時刻而已。
17．A.seek B．organize
C．recall D．trust
C　解析：根據(jù)上文的描述和語境可推知，作者現(xiàn)在是在回憶兒時所發(fā)生的事情。recall“回憶起”。
18．A.power B．courage
C．a(chǎn)musement D．a(chǎn)bility
A　解析：根據(jù)語境可推知，此處表示那個時刻美妙地闡明了大聲朗讀的力量所在。power“力量”；courage“勇氣”；amusement“娛樂”；ability“能力”。
19．A.cheer B．see
C．miss D．mention
B　解析：根據(jù)上文中的“We were two ______ smiling at each other.”可推知，大聲朗讀讓朗讀者和聽眾有機會看到彼此。
20．A.challenge B．knowledge
C．choice D．connection
D　解析：根據(jù)上文所表述的大聲朗讀讓朗讀者和聽眾有機會看到彼此可推知，大聲朗讀將朗讀者和聽眾聯(lián)系起來。

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