一、語(yǔ)基必備知識(shí)
(一)重點(diǎn)詞匯——分類(lèi)記憶
Ⅰ.閱讀詞匯——知其意
1．survey n．　　　　　　　 調(diào)查；測(cè)驗(yàn)
2．loose adj. 松的；松開(kāi)的
3．vet n. 獸醫(yī)
4．series n. 連續(xù)；系列
5．thunder vi.& n. 打雷；雷鳴；雷；雷聲
6．loneliness n. 孤單；寂寞
7．highway n. 公路；大路
8．overcoat n. 大衣；外套
9．suitcase n. 手提箱；衣箱
10．gossip vi.& n. 閑話；閑談
11．swap vt. 交換
12．item n. 項(xiàng)目；條款
Ⅱ.核心詞匯——寫(xiě)其形
1．upset adj.　　　　 心煩意亂的；不安的；不適的
vt. 使不安；使心煩；打亂
2．calm vt.& vi. (使)平靜；(使)鎮(zhèn)定
adj. 平靜的；鎮(zhèn)靜的；沉著的
3．grateful adj. 感激的；表示謝意的
4．outdoors adv. 在戶(hù)外；在野外
5．teenager n. 十幾歲的青少年
6．partner n. 伙伴；合作者；合伙人
7．dusk n. 黃昏；傍晚
8．ignore vt. 不理睬；忽視
9．settle__vi. 安家；定居；停留
vt. 使定居；安排；解決
10．tip n. 提示；技巧；尖；尖端；小費(fèi)
vt. 傾斜；翻倒
11．pack vi.& vt. 捆扎；包裝；打行李
n. 小包；包裹
12．exactly adv. 確實(shí)如此；正是；確切地
Ⅲ.拓展詞匯——通其變
1．power n．能力；力量；權(quán)力；動(dòng)力→powerful adj.強(qiáng)大的；有力的→powerless adj.無(wú)能為力的；無(wú)權(quán)的
2．concern vt.(使)擔(dān)憂；涉及；關(guān)系到 n．擔(dān)心；關(guān)注；(利害)關(guān)系→concerned adj.擔(dān)心的；憂慮的→concerning prep.關(guān)于；涉及
3．suffer vt.& vi.遭受；忍受；經(jīng)歷→suffering n．痛苦；苦惱；讓人痛苦的事
4．entire adj.完全的；全部的→entirely adv.完全地；全然地；整個(gè)地
5．recover vi.& vt.痊愈；恢復(fù)；重新獲得；彌補(bǔ)→recovery n．恢復(fù)；復(fù)蘇；康復(fù)
6．dusty adj.積滿灰塵的→dust n．灰塵
7．disagree vi.不同意→agree vi.同意→agreement n．協(xié)議；同意，一致

1.dis-否定前綴高頻詞集錦
①disagree vi.　　　 不同意
②dislike vt. 不喜歡
③disappear vi. 消失
④distrust vt. 不信任
⑤disobey vt. 違反
2.“感謝”家族
①grateful adj.　 感激的；表示謝意的
②gratitude n. 感激
③appreciate v. 感激；感謝
appreciation n. 感激
④thank v. 感謝
thankful adj. 感激的
⑤acknowledge v. 致謝；感謝
3.表示“沮喪的，不安的”的形容詞薈萃
①u(mài)pset　　 　 心煩意亂的；
不安的；不適的
②frustrated 失意的；挫敗的
③blue 沮喪的；悲觀的
④depressed 消沉的；沮喪的
⑤down 情緒低落的
(二)重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)——記牢用活
1．a(chǎn)dd__up　　　 　　　 　　 合計(jì)，加起來(lái)；合情理；說(shuō)得通
2．calm__(...)__down (使)平靜下來(lái)；(使)鎮(zhèn)定下來(lái)
3．be__concerned__about 關(guān)心；掛念
4．go__through 經(jīng)歷；經(jīng)受；完成；仔細(xì)檢查；
通過(guò)；查閱，瀏覽
5．set__down 記下；放下；登記
6．a(chǎn)__series__of 一連串的；一系列；一套
7．on__purpose 故意；有目的地
8．a(chǎn)t__dusk 在黃昏時(shí)刻
9．face__to__face 面對(duì)面地
10．no__longer/not...any__longer
不再……
11．get/be__tired__of 對(duì)……厭煩
12．pack__(sth.)__up 將(東西)裝箱打包
13．get__along__with 與……相處；進(jìn)展
14．fall__in__love 相愛(ài)；愛(ài)上
15．join__in 參加；加入

1.“n.＋prep.＋n.”類(lèi)短語(yǔ)積累
①face to face　　　　 面對(duì)面地?、趆eart to heart　心連心地
③shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩地 ④hand in hand 手拉手地
2.“at＋n.”表時(shí)間小結(jié)
①at dusk　 　 在黃昏時(shí)刻　 ②at dawn 在拂曉
③at midnight 在午夜 ④at noon 在中午
(三)重點(diǎn)句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：狀語(yǔ)從句的省略
While__walking__the__dog,__you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.　在遛狗的時(shí)候，你不小心松了手，結(jié)果它被一輛車(chē)撞了。
句型2：before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“在……之后才……”
She and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months before__they__were__discovered．　她與家人躲藏了將近二十五個(gè)月之后才被發(fā)現(xiàn)。
句型3：強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：it is/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who＋其他
I wonder if it’s__because__I__haven’t__been__able__to__be__outdoors__for__so__long__that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.　我不知道這是不是因?yàn)槲议L(zhǎng)久無(wú)法出門(mén)的緣故，我變得對(duì)一切與大自然有關(guān)的事物都無(wú)比狂熱。
句型4：it was the first time that sb. had done sth.這是某人第一次做某事
...it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d__seen__the__night face to face...
……這是我這一年半以來(lái)第一次目睹夜晚……
二、語(yǔ)境強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練
Ⅰ.語(yǔ)境填詞——根據(jù)提示寫(xiě)出該詞的適當(dāng)形式
1．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書(shū)面表達(dá))I would be__grateful(感激的) if you could offer me the opportunity to be a volunteer.
2．(2019·北京卷書(shū)面表達(dá))When I got home，I packed (打行李) up my luggage for the trip.
3．Teenagers(青少年) are damaging their health because they play computer games too much.
4．We should keep calm(鎮(zhèn)靜的) in face of danger, which counts much in case of emergency.
5．(2018·浙江卷6月)If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home for dinner, get a few cooking tips (tip) from her.
6．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)All across the country, recovery(recover)centers have begun building Healing Gardens.
Ⅱ.語(yǔ)境品詞——寫(xiě)出加黑詞匯在語(yǔ)境中的意義
1．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ閱讀A)Jo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series of lifestyle books.Here she picks her top reads.系列
2．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ閱讀D)In one study, Dr.Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys.調(diào)查研究
3．(浙江卷閱讀A)An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about.閑話，閑談
4．(天津卷閱讀A)The following items are approved for use in residential(住宿的) rooms: electric blankets, hair dryers, personal computers, radios, televisions and DVD players.物品
Ⅲ.派生詞練習(xí)——用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1．The room was very dusty when I walked in. All the furniture was covered with dust．(dust)
2．Our parents are concerned about our health.As far as I’m concerned，we should talk with them and tell them our concerns．(concern)
3．A few people agreed while most people disagreed，so no agreement was made.(agree)
4．The old man went through a lot of sufferings in the old days.What’s worse，he suffered from heart attack when he was in his eighties.(suffer)
5．The entire village was destroyed.It now looks entirely different from the previous one.(entire)
Ⅳ.選詞成篇
suffer from; be concerned about; get along with; fall in love with; be upset about; a series of; calm sb. down; add up to
John had so much difficulty in learning English that his score in each exam never 1.added__up__to over 60. As a result, he 2.was__quite upset__about it. His deskmate, Mary, 3.was__concerned__about him very much. She understood exactly what he was 4.suffering__from. So she did everything in her power to 5.calm__him__down and shared 6.a__series__of__learning tips with him. With Mary’s help, John 7.fell__in__love__with English and 8.got__along__with it. Therefore, it wasn’t long before he made great progress. When he expressed his gratitude to his deskmate, Mary said while helping him, she learned a lot.
Ⅴ.完成句子
1．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書(shū)面表達(dá))總之，我可以在指導(dǎo)他們的同時(shí)有效地向我們的貴賓介紹中國(guó)畫(huà)。
In a word, I can introduce Chinese painting to our distinguished guests efficiently while__offering__them__guidance．
2．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ書(shū)面表達(dá))如果你錯(cuò)過(guò)了今年的音樂(lè)節(jié)，可能要過(guò)很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間才能有機(jī)會(huì)再次參加這樣的音樂(lè)會(huì)。
If you miss this year’s music festival, it__may__be__a__long__time__before you can get another chance to attend such a music concert.
3．(2019·浙江卷6月應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作)正是在你的幫助下我在英語(yǔ)方面才取得了巨大進(jìn)步。
It__is__with__your__help__that I have made great progress in English.
4．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書(shū)面表達(dá))你說(shuō)這是你第一次在中國(guó)被邀請(qǐng)參加晚宴。
You said this was the first time that you had__been__invited__to__attend the dinner party in China.


upset　adj.心煩意亂的；不安的；不適的　vt.(upset, upset, upsetting)使不安；使心煩；打亂
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①She was upset to__know(know) that her application for the position was refused.
②The other day, all my plans were__upset(upset) by the sudden change of the bad weather.
[能力提升]——詞匯/句式升級(jí)
(普通表達(dá))You will return to your country soon and that makes me sad.(2019·浙江卷6月應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作)
③(高級(jí)表達(dá))You will return to your country soon, which__makes__me__upset. (非限制性定語(yǔ)從句)
④(高級(jí)表達(dá))What__upsets__me__is__that you will return to your country soon. (what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句)

(1)be upset about/over/at sth. 為某事心煩/難過(guò)
be upset to do sth. 對(duì)做某事感到不安/難過(guò)
(2)upset oneself about sth. 為某事而煩惱
It upsets sb.to do sth./that...
讓某人心煩的是……
[佳句背誦] People sometimes feel very upset about whether they should vote for those who are better or who are more familiar to them.　人們有時(shí)會(huì)對(duì)他們應(yīng)該投票給那些更優(yōu)秀的人還是他們更熟悉的人感到非常不安。(江蘇卷書(shū)面表達(dá))
concern　vt.(使)擔(dān)憂；涉及；關(guān)系到　n．擔(dān)心；關(guān)注；(利害)關(guān)系
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①The meeting was concerned with reforms and everyone present was concerned for/about their own interests.
②We sincerely hope that the authorities concerned(concern) should take effective measures immediately to prevent the environment from being polluted.
③(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書(shū)面表達(dá))I’m writing to express my opinion concerning(concern) Chinese customs, which is useful for you to pay a visit to a Chinese friend.
[能力提升]——詞匯升級(jí)
(普通表達(dá))In my opinion, it is necessary for you to have a good rest, which will provide enough energy for you.(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ書(shū)面表達(dá))
④(高級(jí)表達(dá))From__my__point__of__view,__it is necessary for you to have a good rest, which will provide enough energy for you.
⑤(高級(jí)表達(dá))As__far__as__I’m__concerned,__it is necessary for you to have a good rest, which will provide enough energy for you.

(1)show/express concern about/for
　　　　　　　　 對(duì)……表示關(guān)心
(2)concerned adj. 擔(dān)心的；憂慮的
be concerned about/for
擔(dān)心……；關(guān)心……
be concerned with 與……有關(guān)；涉及
as far as...be concerned
就……而言；依……之見(jiàn)
(3)concerning prep. 關(guān)于；涉及
[佳句背誦] If you are curious about the history of our school or concerned about its future, you mustn’t miss this excellent opportunity！　如果你對(duì)我們學(xué)校的歷史感到好奇或者關(guān)心學(xué)校的未來(lái)， 你不要錯(cuò)過(guò)這次極好的機(jī)會(huì)！(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ書(shū)面表達(dá))
[聯(lián)想發(fā)散] “就某人而言”的種種表達(dá)：
①in__one’s__opinion/view；
②from__one’s__point__of__view；
③as__far__as__sb.__be__concerned．
power　n．能力；力量；權(quán)力；動(dòng)力
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①Though he has been in power for two years, he hasn’t found an effective solution to the country’s economic problems.
②Unfortunately, it’s beyond my power to get through the work in such a short time.
③(2019·江蘇卷)It seems obvious that these have made humankind the most powerful(power) animal on earth.
[能力提升]——詞匯升級(jí)
④(普通表達(dá))I’ll try my best to perform well in the volunteer work.(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書(shū)面表達(dá))
(高級(jí)表達(dá))I’ll do__everything__in__my__power to perform well in the volunteer work.

(1)come to/into power 掌權(quán)；上臺(tái)；執(zhí)政(表動(dòng)作)
be in power 執(zhí)政；當(dāng)權(quán)(表狀態(tài))
in one’s power 在某人的掌控中
beyond one’s power 某人力所不能及的
do everything in one’s power＝do/try one’s best
盡力而為；竭盡全力
(2)powerful adj. 強(qiáng)大的；有力的
[佳句背誦] As the saying goes, “Knowledge is power.”　俗話說(shuō)，“知識(shí)就是力量?！?br /> [聯(lián)想發(fā)散] 表示“竭盡全力”的常用表達(dá)有：
①do/try__one’s__best；②make__every__effort；③spare__no__effort；④do__everything__in__one’s__power．
settle　vi.安家；定居；停留　vt.使定居；安排；解決
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade.
②There was so much noise that we were unable to settle down to studying(study)．
③It is reported that the strikers have reached a settlement(settle) with the employers.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④由于有許多難題要解決，今晚我不能來(lái)參加這個(gè)聚會(huì)了。
With__a__lot__of__difficult__problems__to__settle,__I won’t come to the party this evening.

(1)settle in/into sth.　 適應(yīng)(新家、工作、環(huán)境等)
settle down 定居；平靜下來(lái)；專(zhuān)心于
settle down to (doing) sth.
著手認(rèn)真(做)某事
(2)settler n. 移民；殖民者
settlement n. 解決；協(xié)議
[佳句背誦] Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter settle down, get married, and have kids.　布朗夫婦希望看到他們的女兒安頓下來(lái)，結(jié)婚生子。(2017·天津卷)
suffer　vt.& vi.遭受；忍受；經(jīng)歷
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①About 30 percent old people suffer from high levels of blood sugar and fat.
②The old man is said to have gone through varieties of sufferings(suffer) during the war.
③To our delight, the sufferer(suffer) has decided to give up smoking.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升級(jí)
④(普通表達(dá))He had never suffered__such__a__great__loss(遭受那么大的損失) in his life, so he almost lost the hope for life.
⑤(高級(jí)表達(dá))Not__having__suffered__such__a__great__loss__in__his__life,__he almost lost the hope for life. (分詞作狀語(yǔ))

(1)suffer pain/defeat/hardship/damage
　　　　　 遭受痛苦/失敗/艱難/破壞
suffer from 受……折磨；患……病
(2)suffering n. 痛苦；苦惱；讓人痛苦的事
sufferer n. 受難者；患病者
[佳句背誦] The Summer Palace, one of the most famous gardens in the world, suffered severe damage during various periods of wars.
頤和園， 世界上最著名的花園之一，在不同的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)期遭受了嚴(yán)重的破壞。
recover　vi.& vt.痊愈；恢復(fù)；重新獲得；彌補(bǔ)
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①To__recover(recover) the lost time, he is working harder than ever before.
②(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery(recover)．
[能力提升]——一句多譯
盡管他在交通事故中嚴(yán)重受傷，但最后他終于康復(fù)了。
③Even though he was hurt seriously in the car accident, he finally recovered__from it. (recover)
④Even though he was hurt seriously in the car accident, he finally made__a__recovery__from it. (recovery)

(1)recover from　 　　 從……中恢復(fù)
recover oneself 恢復(fù)知覺(jué)
(2)recovery n. 恢復(fù)；復(fù)蘇；康復(fù)
make a recovery from...
從……中恢復(fù)
[佳句背誦] If you like, I’d like to go there together with you in August when I have recovered.　如果你愿意，我想在8月份康復(fù)后和你一起去。(北京卷書(shū)面表達(dá))
add up　合計(jì)，加起來(lái)；合情理；說(shuō)得通
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——對(duì)比填空/單句語(yǔ)法填空
①You’d better add__up your score now and see if you have passed the exam.(add up與add up to)
②The money he spent within a month added__up__to more than 1，000 dollars.(add up與add up to)
③As is known to all, good friends add happiness and value to life.
[能力提升]——微寫(xiě)作
④(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ書(shū)面表達(dá))這部短片一定會(huì)加深你對(duì)我們學(xué)校發(fā)展的進(jìn)一步了解。
The short film will surely add__to__your__further__understanding__of__the development of our school.

(1)add sth.to sth.　　　 把……加到/進(jìn)……里
add up to 加起來(lái)共計(jì)/達(dá)
(不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
add to 增加；增添
add that... 補(bǔ)充說(shuō)……
(2)addition n. 增加；增加物
in addition/besides 另外
in addition to 除……之外
[佳句背誦] My teacher said I set a good example to all of my classmates, adding that everyone should learn from me.　我的老師說(shuō)我給全班同學(xué)樹(shù)立了好榜樣，他補(bǔ)充說(shuō)每個(gè)人都應(yīng)向我學(xué)習(xí)。
go through　經(jīng)歷；經(jīng)受；完成；仔細(xì)檢查；通過(guò)；查閱，瀏覽
[一詞多義]——寫(xiě)出下列句中g(shù)o through的含義
①(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書(shū)面表達(dá))I’d appreciate it if you could take some time to go through my application.查閱，瀏覽
②The plan went through, which made us all happy.通過(guò)
③(2017·江蘇卷書(shū)面表達(dá))However, the film market may go through a slowdown in the near future.經(jīng)歷
④I had just gone through my homework when the telephone rang.完成
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤我們的老師為我們選了很多重要的習(xí)題，同時(shí)我也復(fù)習(xí)了語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)。
Our teacher chose many important exercises for us, and I also went__over__the__language__points at the same time.

go against　　　　　　　 違背；違反
go by 逝去；過(guò)去
go on 繼續(xù)；進(jìn)行；發(fā)生
go out 出去；熄滅
go over 復(fù)習(xí)；仔細(xì)檢查
go up 上漲；上升；攀登
[佳句背誦] Not until he went through real hardship did he realize the love we have for our families is important.　直到他經(jīng)歷了真正的困難，他才意識(shí)到我們對(duì)家人的愛(ài)是重要的。
get along/on with　與……相處；進(jìn)展
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——用get的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)填空
①I(mǎi)n addition, every student can be in harmony with foreign friends, which makes it easy for you to get__along__with them.
②Our lines can get very busy, but please keep trying and you will soon get__through．
③I don’t know how we’re going to get__over this problem.
④It’s time that I__got__down__to__thinking about my future.
[能力提升]——微寫(xiě)作
⑤(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書(shū)面表達(dá))作為一個(gè)中國(guó)畫(huà)愛(ài)好者，我對(duì)這種藝術(shù)形式很了解。我堅(jiān)信我能順利地完成我的工作。
As a Chinese painting lover, I know a lot about this art form. I hold the firm belief that I can__get__along__smoothly__with__my__work．

(1)get along/on well (nicely) with sb.
　　　　　　　　　 與某人相處得好
get along/on well (nicely/smoothly) with sth.
某事進(jìn)展得好/順利
(2)get down to (doing) sth. 開(kāi)始(做)某事
get over 克服
get through (電話)接通；完成；通過(guò)；度過(guò)
[佳句背誦] I’m more than delighted to tell you I’m getting along well with all my teachers and classmates.
我很高興地告訴你，我和我所有的老師和同學(xué)相處得很好。(2017·天津卷書(shū)面表達(dá))

狀語(yǔ)從句的省略
(教材P1)While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.　在遛狗的時(shí)候，你不小心松了手，結(jié)果它被一輛車(chē)撞了。
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①(全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)She gave me a comforting smile, nodded while listening(listen) patiently.
②(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ書(shū)面表達(dá))If interested(interest) in the Chinese folk art, you can e-mail me.
[能力提升]——句式升級(jí)
③(普通表達(dá))If I am accepted, I can introduce Chinese painting skills to visitors. It can help them know more about Chinese culture.(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書(shū)面表達(dá))
(高級(jí)表達(dá))If__accepted,__I can introduce Chinese painting skills to visitors，which__can__help__them__know__more__about__Chinese__culture．(合并升級(jí)為定語(yǔ)從句，省略句)

省略句的條件
狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致或是代詞it
狀語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)中含有be動(dòng)詞
省略句的形式
省略從句中的主語(yǔ)或it和be動(dòng)詞
[佳句背誦] If it is possible, I’ll go to see my grandparents this weekend.
＝If possible, I’ll go to see my grandparents this weekend.
如果可能的話，這周末我要去看我的祖父母。
before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“在……之后才……”
(教材P2)She and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered.
她與家人躲藏了將近二十五個(gè)月之后才被發(fā)現(xiàn)。
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①(2019·北京卷)Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend...
②He was told that it would be at least three months before he could recover and return to work.
③As a matter of fact, it was a long time before I knew the truth.
④(2017·天津卷)It has been two weeks since you returned to your home country and I’ve been missing you very much.
[能力提升]——微寫(xiě)作
⑤(天津卷書(shū)面表達(dá))時(shí)間過(guò)得真快！不知不覺(jué)兩個(gè)星期過(guò)去了。
How time flies！Two weeks has gone by before__we__know__it．

before作連詞，用來(lái)表示從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前的時(shí)間，譯法靈活。
(1)強(qiáng)調(diào)從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句之前，意為“不等……就……”。
(2)在“It＋be＋時(shí)間段＋before從句”中，意為“……之后才……”。
(3)在“It＋be＋否定形式＋long＋before從句”中，意為“……不久就……”?！?
[佳句背誦] If you miss this chance, it may be years before you get another one.
如果你錯(cuò)過(guò)這次機(jī)會(huì)，多年之后你才可能再次得到這樣的機(jī)會(huì)。
[名師點(diǎn)津] “It be＋時(shí)間段＋since”表示“自從……(到現(xiàn)在)有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了”。


Ⅰ.詞形轉(zhuǎn)換和動(dòng)詞的形式變換(用所給詞的正確形式填空)
1．Though Tim and Mike come from entirely(entire) different backgrounds, they are close friends.
2．He stood up suddenly, upsetting(upset) a cup of milk on my coat.
3．Ignoring(ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.
4．Concerned(concern) about the student, the teacher called his parents to find out why he was so often absent from class.
5．(2018·浙江卷6月)Here are a few tips(tip) to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly.
6．(2017·浙江卷11月)．..it is far better than any other method because you improve your vocabulary while reading(read) an interesting piece of literature.
Ⅱ.固定用法和搭配(在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式)
1．It is the first time that the students have__won(win) the first prize in such a big competition.
2．It is no pleasure staying(stay) at home doing homework all day.
3．Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble finding(find) the way to the History Museum.
4．There was a time when I was always upset and easily got angry about some unimportant matters.
5．(2019·天津卷)A dog’s eating habit requires regular training before it is properly established.
6．To raise people’s awareness of protecting our environment, they took a series of effective steps, thus arousing some positive changes.
Ⅲ.熟詞生義(根據(jù)具體語(yǔ)境寫(xiě)出加黑詞的詞性及含義)
1．(2019·浙江卷6月)He added that he hopes people in other cities might try similar projects and post their own videos on the Internet.v.補(bǔ)充說(shuō)
2．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)We were first greeted with the barking by a pack of dogs, seven to be exact.一群
3．(浙江卷)The evening walk was a time to shake off the day’s upsets and let the worry tracks in my head go to white noise.n.讓人心煩意亂的事情
4．They have invented a new car, which is powered by solar batteries.vt.供以動(dòng)力

提能一　語(yǔ)段填空(在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式)
(一)
Last year, Li Hua set out for America, which was the first time that he 1.had__gone(go) abroad for further study. As a result, he missed his parents very much.Meanwhile, his parents were very concerned 2.about his life and safety.Happily, he has been getting along well 3.with his classmates.When in trouble, he tries to find ways to get it 4.over．It is these little steps in his daily life 5.that have added up to his complete independence.
(二)
1．Having__suffered(suffer) such a heavy loss, my father doesn’t have the courage to go on with his business.Therefore, he feels very upset and disappointed.As far as I’m 2.concerned(concern), it’s beyond my power to help him go 3.through the difficulty, because I can’t give him some 4.tips(tip) on how to overcome it.However, I do believe we need to get to the root of the problem 5.before we can settle it.
提能二　話題寫(xiě)作(用本單元詞匯、句式和語(yǔ)法知識(shí)寫(xiě)滿分作文)
假設(shè)你是李華，你的朋友Tom來(lái)信說(shuō)因和朋友產(chǎn)生分歧而感到不快。請(qǐng)你給他回信，內(nèi)容包括：①表示理解并給予安慰；②提出具體的建議。
1．補(bǔ)全要點(diǎn)句(黑體部分請(qǐng)用本單元所學(xué)詞匯)
①得知你和你的朋友有一系列的分歧，我很擔(dān)心。
Learning that you__and__your__friend__have__had__a__series__of__disagreements,__I’m__concerned．
②沒(méi)有必要為此感到難過(guò)，因?yàn)閷?duì)事情的看法人人不同，這就會(huì)導(dǎo)致分歧。
There__is__no__need__for__you__to__get__upset,__as people often have different views on things, which can lead to disagreements.
③你必須冷靜下來(lái)解決分歧。(get＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ))
You__have__got__to__calm__down__to__get__the__disagreements__settled.
④如果可能的話，和他面對(duì)面交流是一個(gè)很好的消除你們之間誤會(huì)的辦法。
Whenever it is possible, communicating__with__him__face__to__face is a great way to clear up the misunderstanding between you.
⑤設(shè)身處地為他著想可以幫助你與你的朋友相處得好并更好地理解你的朋友。
Putting yourself into his shoes can help you get__along__well__with__your__friend and understand him better.
⑥我希望你認(rèn)為我的建議有用，祝愿你在學(xué)校過(guò)得更開(kāi)心。
I__hope__you__will__find__my__tips__helpful and wish you a happier time at school.
2．升級(jí)平淡句
⑦用狀語(yǔ)從句的省略句式升級(jí)句④
Whenever__possible,__communicating__with__him__face__to__face__is__a__great__way__to__clear__up__the__misunderstanding__between__you.
⑧用強(qiáng)調(diào)句式升級(jí)句⑤
It__is__putting__yourself__into__his__shoes__that__can__help__you__get__along__well__with__your__friend__and__understand__him__better.
3．銜接成美文(注意使用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^(guò)渡銜接詞匯：however, to begin with, secondly, as far as I’m concerned)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear Tom，
Learning that you and your friend have had a series of disagreements, I’m concerned. However, there is no need for you to get upset, as people often have different views on things, which can lead to disagreements.
To begin with, you have got to calm down to get the disagreements settled. Secondly, whenever possible, communicating with him face to face is a great way to clear up the misunderstanding between you. As far as I’m concerned, it is putting yourself into his shoes that can help you get along well with your friend and understand him better.
I hope you will find my tips helpful and wish you a happier time at school.
Yours，
Li Hua

(建議用時(shí)：35分鐘)
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
(2020·浙江卷1月)I never knew anyone who’d grown up in Jackson without being afraid of Mrs.Calloway, our librarian. She ran Jackson’s Carnegie Library absolutely by herself. SILENCE in big black letters was on signs hung everywhere. If she thought you were dressed improperly, she sent you straight back home to change your clothes. I was willing; I would do anything to read.
My mother was not afraid of Mrs.Calloway. She wished me to have my own library card to check out books for myself. She took me in to introduce me. “Eudora is nine years old and has my permission to read any book she wants from the shelves, children or adults，” Mother said.
Mrs.Calloway made her own rules about books. You could not take back a book to the library on the same day you’d taken it out; it made no difference to her that you’d read every word in it and needed another to start. You could take out two books at a time and two only. So two by two, I read library books as fast as I could go, rushing them home in the basket of my bicycle. From the minute I reached our house, I started to read. I knew this was extreme happiness, knew it at the time.
My mother shared this__feeling of mine. Now, I think of her as reading so much of the time while doing something else. I remember her reading a magazine while taking the part of the Wolf in a game of “Little Red Riding Hood” with my brother’s two daughters. She’d just look up at the right time, long enough to answer—in character—“The better to eat you with, my dear，” and go back to her place in the magazine article.
1．Which of the following best describes Mrs.Calloway?
A．Quiet.　　　　　　　　 B．Strict.
C．Humorous. D．Considerate.
B
2．What do the underlined words “this feeling” refer to in the last paragraph?
A．Desire to read. B．Love for Mrs.Calloway.
C．Interest in games. D．Fear of the library rules.
A
3．Where is the text probably from?
A．A guidebook. B．An autobiography.
C．A news report. D．A book review.
B
B
(2020·金華十校模擬)Every year around the world, humans waste an estimated 1.3 billion tons of food. This happens even though many people go hungry. So some people have made it their life’s work claiming food before it goes to waste and then giving it to people who are hungry.
One of those people is Brett Myers. In 2011, Myers started Nourish Now, a food recovery and food bank in the U．S. state of Maryland. This non-profit organization collects food and then gives it to the poor and organizations that support them．
“Nourish Now is a food recovery-based food bank that recovers food from restaurants, catering companies, grocery stores, hotels, farms and more, and then donates that food directly to families in need and kids in need at local schools.”
Each month, it recovers more than 20，000 kilograms of food and serves 700 needy families, schools and social organizations. Every day, staff and volunteers repackage the donations and distribute them to recipients(接受者)．
A woman named Rhoda is one of the recipients. She describes the quality of the food delivered to her family by Nourish Now.“It consists of fresh food, fruits and vegetables. You will get bread. Sometimes you get dairy products such as yogurt or milk. And you will get some meat items also. And if you get lucky you might get cooked food, or prepared salads, and stuff like that.”
The supplies can feed a family for five days. Each recipient is able to receive food every 30 days. And the packages are made to fit the dietary needs of each family.
Besides families, the organization also donates small meals called snacks to several nearby schools and social organizations.
Nourish Now has grown considerably since it opened. Brenda is one of them. Part of her job as a volunteer is to make sure that none of the food goes to waste.
“In the morning, I make sure that all the things that came late yesterday get put away so that we use that last, and we used the things that came the day before first, so that we’re always giving fresh food and we’re not throwing out anything.”
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　針對(duì)每年大量食物被浪費(fèi)的現(xiàn)狀，Brett Myers在美國(guó)馬里蘭州成立了一個(gè)名為Nourish Now的非營(yíng)利食物銀行組織，該組織收集剩余的食物捐贈(zèng)給貧困人群和供養(yǎng)貧困人群的組織。
4．What do we know about Nourish Now?
A．It donates money to the poor.
B．It benefits from collecting food.
C．It gets food from many places.
D．It distributes food only to the poor.
C　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Nourish Now is a food recovery-based food bank that recovers food from restaurants, catering companies, grocery stores, hotels, farms and more”可知，Nourish Now是一個(gè)以食物回收為基礎(chǔ)的食物銀行，從餐館、餐飲公司、雜貨店、酒店、農(nóng)場(chǎng)等回收食物。故C項(xiàng)正確。
5．What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Nourish Now. B．Food banks.
C．The poor. D．Organizations.
C　解析：代詞指代題。根據(jù)第二段尾句“This non-profit organization collects food and then gives it to the poor and organizations that support them．”可知，該非營(yíng)利組織收集食物，然后把食物送給窮人和供養(yǎng)他們的組織。據(jù)此可推知，畫(huà)線詞them指代該句中的the poor，故C項(xiàng)正確。
6．What does the author want to clarify with the example Rhoda in paragraph 5?
A．She can get food donations every five days.
B．She isn’t satisfied with the food supplied.
C．Eating better can keep people healthier.
D．The recovered food is fresh and rich.
D　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段Rhoda所說(shuō)的話可知，她得到的食物有新鮮的水果和蔬菜，還會(huì)得到面包、乳制品以及肉類(lèi)等。據(jù)此可推知，作者以Rhoda為例是為了說(shuō)明收集的食物新鮮且種類(lèi)豐富，故D項(xiàng)正確。
7．What is the best title for the text?
A．A Group Uses Leftover Food to Feed the Hungry
B．The Poor Are Suffering from Starvation
C．Nourish Now Calls on People to Save Food
D．People Should Take Care of the Weak
A　解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第二段并結(jié)合全文其他內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了非營(yíng)利組織Nourish Now從各個(gè)地方收集剩余的食物以捐贈(zèng)給需要幫助的人，故A項(xiàng)最適合作本文標(biāo)題。
【難句分析】　In the morning, I make sure that all the things that came late yesterday get put away so that we use that last, and we used the things that came the day before first, so that we’re always giving fresh food and we’re not throwing out anything.
分析：該句為復(fù)合句，句中第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，作make sure的賓語(yǔ)；第二個(gè)that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞all the things, that在從句中作主語(yǔ)；last前的that指代all the things that came late yesterday; so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句。
譯文：在早上，我確保所有昨天晚到的食物都被收集起來(lái)，這樣我們就可以到最后使用，我們先用前一天到的東西，這樣我們就可以一直提供新鮮的食物，而不會(huì)扔掉任何東西。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·浙江十校聯(lián)盟適應(yīng)性考試)
Dear teenage boy at the skate park，
You’re probably about 15 years old, so I don’t expect you to be very __1__ to want a little girl on your skate ramp(坡道) for that matter.
What you don’t know is that my daughter has been wanting to skateboard for months. I actually had to __2__ her that skateboarding wasn’t __3__ for boys. So when we walked up to the skate park and saw that it was full of teenage boys who were smoking and __4__， she immediately wanted to __5__ and go home.
I __6__ wanted to go too because I didn’t want to have to put on my mom __7__ and exchange words with you. I also didn’t want my daughter to feel like she had to be __8__ of anyone.
So when she said，“Mom, it’s full of __9__ boys.” I calmly said，“So what? They don’t __10__ the skate park.” She then went down the ramp in spite of you and your friends __11__ past her.
She only had two or three runs before you __12__ her and said “Hey, excuse me...” I immediately prepared to deliver my “She’s __13__ to use this park just as much as you guys” __14__ when I heard you say，“Your __15__ are wrong. Can I help you？”
You spent almost an hour with my daughter showing her how to __16__， and you held her hand and helped her get up when she fell down.
I know you live nearby and I am proud that you are part of my __17__， and I want to thank you for being __18__ to my daughter. Finally she left the skate park with a sense of __19__ and with the confidence that she can do __20__， because of you.
Jeanean Thomas, Cambridge
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　作者帶女兒去滑板公園學(xué)習(xí)滑滑板，公園里都是抽煙、說(shuō)臟話的男孩子，女兒想要回家；作者鼓勵(lì)女兒，女兒滑了幾圈后一個(gè)男孩主動(dòng)提出幫助女兒學(xué)習(xí)滑滑板，最后女兒帶著自豪和自信離開(kāi)了公園。作者因此特地給男孩寫(xiě)了這封感謝信。
1．A.loyal　　　　　　　　　　 B．naughty
C．sincere D．considerate
D　解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，作者并沒(méi)有期望這個(gè)才15歲的男孩會(huì)體貼到想讓一個(gè)小女孩出現(xiàn)在他的坡道上。故選D。
2．A.warn B．remind
C．convince D．inform
C　解析：通讀下文可知，作者鼓勵(lì)女兒在滿是男孩子的公園練習(xí)滑滑板，故此處表示作者讓女兒相信滑板運(yùn)動(dòng)不僅僅適合男孩子。convince“使相信”。故選C。
3．A.just B．even
C．yet D．ever
A　解析：參見(jiàn)上題解析。
4．A.inquiring B．swearing
C．dancing D．negotiating
B　解析：根據(jù)句中的“smoking and”和下文小女孩看到這些男孩就想要回家可推知，swear“說(shuō)臟話”符合語(yǔ)境。
5．A.get along B．escape
C．turn around D．compete
C　解析：根據(jù)上文可知，公園里都是吸煙、說(shuō)臟話的男孩子，并結(jié)合空后的“and go home”可知，看到這樣的場(chǎng)景女兒立即想轉(zhuǎn)身回家。turn around意為“轉(zhuǎn)身”，故選C。
6．A.secretly B．exactly
C．generally D．finally
A　解析：上文提到了女兒想轉(zhuǎn)身回家，本句中的too表示作者也想回家，但是下文作者并沒(méi)有和女兒回家，因此這里表示“我暗自也想回家”，故選A。
7．A.look B．voice
C．status D．competence
B　解析：根據(jù)句中的“exchange words with you”并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示“我不想以母親的口吻和你爭(zhēng)論”。put on my mom voice這里指“以母親的口吻”。competence“能力，勝任”。
8．A.guilty B．a(chǎn)ware
C．scared D．a(chǎn)shamed
C　解析：根據(jù)上文可知，公園里都是吸煙、說(shuō)臟話的男孩子，由此可推知，女兒對(duì)此感到害怕。scared“害怕”符合語(yǔ)境。guilty“內(nèi)疚的”；aware“意識(shí)到的”；ashamed“羞愧的”。
9．A.skillful B．young
C．quiet D．older
D　解析：根據(jù)第一段中的“a little girl”和第二段中的“full of teenage boys”可知，這些男孩比作者的女兒大。
10．A.care B．move
C．make D．own
D　解析：根據(jù)該句中的“So what？”并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示“那又怎樣？他們又不擁有這個(gè)滑板公園”。
11．A.flying B．driving
C．floating D．diving
A　解析：根據(jù)上文并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，男孩們滑著滑板從作者女兒旁邊飛馳而過(guò)，此處用fly形容他們的滑速很快。
12．A.impressed B．recognized
C．a(chǎn)pproached D．encouraged
C　解析：根據(jù)該句中的“Hey, excuse me”可知，這個(gè)男孩走近作者的女兒和她說(shuō)話。approach“走近，靠近”。
13．A.invited B．a(chǎn)llowed
C．delighted D．a(chǎn)ccustomed
B　解析：根據(jù)空后的“to use this park just as much as you guys”并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，作者想告訴這個(gè)男孩，她的女兒也可以使用這個(gè)場(chǎng)地。allow sb. to do sth.“允許某人做某事”。
14．A.speech B．excuse
C．message D．comment
A　解析：根據(jù)句中的“deliver my”可知，此處應(yīng)用speech。deliver a speech意為“發(fā)表講話”，這里指告誡對(duì)方的言辭。
15．A.feet B．tools
C．marks D．senses
A　解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境并結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，那個(gè)男孩說(shuō)作者女兒的腳不對(duì)。
16．A.react B．a(chǎn)nswer
C．balance D．calculate
C　解析：根據(jù)空后的“held her hand and helped her get up when she fell down”可知，男孩教作者的女兒如何保持平衡。react“作出反應(yīng)”；balance“保持平衡”；calculate“計(jì)算”。
17．A.story B．memory
C．family D．community
D　解析：根據(jù)句中的“I know you live nearby”可知，男孩也是作者所在社區(qū)的一員。
18．A.fair B．kind
C．similar D．responsible
B　解析：根據(jù)上文可知，男孩教作者的女兒滑滑板，故這里表示男孩對(duì)作者的女兒很友好。
19．A.duty B．pride
C．sorrow D．humor
B　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“with the confidence”可推知，作者的女兒離開(kāi)公園時(shí)很自豪，故選B。
20．A.nothing B．little
C．enough D．a(chǎn)nything
D　解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境并結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，此處表示因?yàn)槟莻€(gè)男孩，作者的女兒有信心做任何事情。

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