Unit 3 Travel journal

基礎(chǔ)自主檢測

閱讀識記
Ⅰ.英譯漢
1.stubborn adj. 頑固的；固執(zhí)的
2.detail n. 細(xì)節(jié)；詳情
3.source n. 來源；資源
4.altitude n. 海拔高度；高處
5.valley n. (山)谷；流域
6.parcel n. 小包；包裹
Ⅱ.漢譯英
1.fare n. 費(fèi)用
2.boil vi. (指液體)沸騰；(水)開
3.flame n. 火焰；光芒；熱情
4.beneath prep. 在……下面
5.temple n. 廟宇；寺廟
6.cave n. 洞穴；地窖
高頻應(yīng)用
1.flow vi. 流動；流出　n. 流動；流量
2.schedule n. 時間表；進(jìn)度表　vt. 為某事安排時間
3.fond adj. 喜愛的；慈愛的；寵愛的
4.shortcoming n. 缺點
5.journey n. 旅行；旅程
6.pace vi. 緩慢而行；踱步　n. 一步；速度；步調(diào)
7.attitude n. 態(tài)度；看法
8.forecast n．& vt. 預(yù)測；預(yù)報
9.view n. 風(fēng)景；視野；觀點；見解　vt. 觀看；注視；考慮
拓展變形
1.journal (n.) 日記；雜志；定期刊物→journalist (n.) 記者→journey (形近詞) (n.) 旅行；旅程
2.transport (n. & vt.) 運(yùn)送；運(yùn)輸→transportation (n.) 交通；運(yùn)輸
3.prefer (vt.) 更喜歡；選擇某事物(而不選擇其他事物)→preference (n.) 偏愛；愛好→preferred (過去式/過去分詞)→preferring (現(xiàn)在分詞)
4.disadvantage (n.) 不利條件；不便之處→advantage (反義詞) (n.) 有利條件；優(yōu)勢
5.persuade (vt.) 說服；勸說→persuasion (n.) 說服；勸說
6.cycle (vi.) 騎自行車→cyclist (n.) 騎自行車的人
7.graduate (vi.) 畢業(yè) (n.) 大學(xué)畢業(yè)生→graduation (n.) 畢業(yè)；畢業(yè)典禮
8.finally (adv.) 最后；終于→final (adj.) 最后的
9.organize (vt.) 組織；成立→organizer (n.) 組織者→organization (n.) 組織→organized (adj.) 有組織的；有條理的
10.determine (vt.) 決定；確定；下定決心→determined (adj.) 堅決的；有決心的→determination (n.) 決心
11.bend (n. & v．) 彎；拐角；彎身；彎腰；使彎曲→bent (過去式/過去分詞)
12.insurance (n.) 保險→insure (vt. & vi.) 投保；給……保險
13.reliable (adj.) 可信賴的；可靠的→rely (vi.) 依靠；依賴


1.-able形容詞后綴
①reliable 可信賴的；可靠的
②adjustable 可調(diào)節(jié)的
③fashionable 時尚的；時髦的
④reasonable 合理的
⑤adaptable 適合的；可適
應(yīng)的
2.fore-前綴表“預(yù)見的；前部的”
①forecast n．& v．預(yù)測；預(yù)報
②foresee v．預(yù)見；預(yù)知
③foretell v．預(yù)言；預(yù)測
④forehead n．前額
⑤foreword n．前言；序
⑥foresight n．先見之明；遠(yuǎn)見
3.位置反義詞小結(jié)
①on→beneath
②over→under
③above→below
4.與“性格”有關(guān)的形容詞
①stubborn 固執(zhí)的
②easy-going 隨和的
③outgoing 外向的
④gentle 溫和的
⑤optimistic 樂觀的
⑥outspoken 坦率的
5.表“缺點”的名詞
①weakness 弱點；缺點
②shortcoming 短處；缺點
③disadvantage 劣勢；缺點
④defect 缺陷；缺點


一 動詞＋介/副詞
1.dream about/of 夢想
2.graduate from 畢業(yè)于……
3.care about 關(guān)心；憂慮；惦念
4.give in 投降；屈服；讓步
5.feel like 想要；感覺像……
6.put up 張貼；搭建；安置
二 動詞(短語)＋名詞
7.change one's mind 改變主意
8.make up one's mind 下決心；決定
三 動詞＋形容詞＋介詞
9.get sb.interested in 使某人對……感興趣
10.be fond of 喜愛；喜歡
四 其他
11.ever since 自從；自……以后
12.as usual 照常；像往常一樣
13.at midnight 在午夜

1.mind 相關(guān)短語
①change one's mind 改變主意
②make up one's mind 下決心；決定
③keep/bear ... in mind 牢記……
④fix one's mind upon/on 把注意力集中在……
⑤read one's mind 看懂某人的心思
2.“be＋adj.＋of”短語
①be fond of 喜歡；喜愛
②be tired of 對……厭倦
③be afraid of 害怕……
④be aware of 意識到；知道
⑤be proud of 為……自豪
⑥be sure of 確信……

1.ever since與現(xiàn)在完成時連用
Ever since middle school (從上中學(xué)那時起), my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip.(教材P18)
2.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：It is/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who＋其他部分
It was my sister who (是我姐姐) first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends.(教材P18)
3.insist(堅持要求)＋that從句(從句中謂語動詞用“should＋動詞原形”，should可省略)
Although she didn't know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that she organize the trip (她堅持要求組織這次旅行) properly.(教材P18)
4.主語＋be＋adj.＋to do (動詞不定式的主動形式表達(dá)被動含義)
When I told her the air would be hard to breathe (空氣將會使人呼吸困難) and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience.(教材P18)
5.once作連詞，意為“一旦……就……”
Once she had made up her mind (一旦她下了決心), nothing can change it.(教材P18)
6.can hardly/not wait to do sth. “迫不及待做某事”
We can hardly wait to see (迫不及待地想見到) them！(教材P22)

單句語法填空
1.Wang Wei soon got them (interest) in cycling too.
答案：interested
2.After (graduate) from college, we finally got the chance to take a bike trip.
答案：graduating
3.She gave me a (determine) look—the kind that said she would not change her mind.
答案：determined
4.We found a large atlas with good maps showed details of world geography.
答案：that/which
5.It becomes rapids as it passes through deep valleys, (travel) across western Yunnan Province.
答案：travelling
6.Along the way children (dress) in long wool coats stopped to look at us.
答案：dressed
7.In the late afternoon we found it was so cold our water bottles froze.
答案：that
8.At one point we were so high that we found ourselves (cycle) through clouds.
答案：cycling
9.At midnight the sky became clearer and the stars grew (bright).
答案：brighter
10.We will reach Dali in Yunnan Province soon, our cousins Dao Wei and Yu Hang will join us.
答案：where

考點步步?jīng)_關(guān)

1prefer　vt.更喜歡；選擇某事物(而不選擇其他事物)
Which kind of transport do you prefer to use: bus or train？(P17)
你更喜歡哪種交通方式：公共汽車還是火車？(1)prefer sth. to sth. 與……相比更喜歡……
prefer (sb./sth.) to do sth. 更喜歡(某人/某物)做某事
prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 寧愿做某事而不愿做某事
(2)
(3)preference n. 偏愛；優(yōu)先權(quán)；偏愛的事物
have a preference for 對……偏愛
[名師點津]　(1)prefer的過去式、過去分詞是preferred，現(xiàn)在分詞是preferring，相似變化的單詞有refer (提及，談及)和infer (推斷，推理)。
(2)prefer不用于進(jìn)行時。
(3)prefer相當(dāng)于like better，所以prefer不可與比較級連用。
即時練1
單句語法填空
①I'm quite satisfied, and I prefer renting such an apartment buying one.
②I prefer (exercise) at home, and it seems that I am always going on a diet.
答案：①to　②exercising/to exercise
一句多譯
她更喜歡和我們一起去而不愿獨(dú)自留下。
③ (prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.)
④ (prefer doing sth. to doing sth.)
⑤ (would rather do sth. than do sth.)
⑥ (would do sth. rather than do sth.)
答案：③She preferred to go with us rather than stay behind alone.?、躍he preferred going with us to staying behind alone.　⑤She would rather go with us than stay behind alone.?、轘he would go with us rather than stay behind alone.

2 determine　vt.確定；決定；(使)下定決心
She gave me a determined look—the kind that said she would not change her mind.(P18)
她給了我一個堅定的眼神——這種眼神表明她是不會改變主意的。

(1)determine on/upon決定
determine to do sth. 決定做某事
determine ＋從句 決定……
(2)determined adj. 堅決的；有決心的
be determined to do sth.決心做某事
be determined that ... 決心……
(3)determination n. 決心
[名師點津]　(1)高考中常把determined to do sth. 作狀語的用法作為考查點，有類似用法的還有l(wèi)ost in, caught in, absorbed in等。
(2)be determined (not) to do sth.表示狀態(tài)，是可延續(xù)的，可以與表示一段時間的狀語連用，而determine to do sth.表示動作，不能與表時間段的狀語連用。如：
He determined to do it for a long time.(×)
He was determined to do it for a long time.(√)
類似用法的單詞還有


即時練2
單句語法填空
① (determine) to give up smoking, he threw away his remaining cigarettes.
②He fought the illness with (determine)．
答案：①Determined?、赿etermination
一句多譯
他想到了媽媽的期望，決定不撒謊。
③He thought of his mother's hope, and . (賓語從句)
④He thought of his mother's hope, and . (不定式作賓語)
答案：③determined that/was determined that he would not tell a lie?、躻as determined not to tell a lie



1
care about 關(guān)心；憂慮；惦念；在乎
教材
原句
Of course she hadn't; my sister doesn't care about details. (P18)
當(dāng)然，她沒有看過(地圖)；我的姐姐是不會考慮細(xì)節(jié)的。
care for 喜歡；照顧
take care 當(dāng)心
take care of 照料；處理
with care 小心地
[名師點津]　care about意為“介意；在乎”；care for 意為“喜歡；照顧”，兩者意義不同，不要混淆。

即時練1
單句語法填空
①I don't care the price, so long as the car is in good condition.
②He was very grateful to the nurses who had cared him.
③He handled the instrument care for fear that it should be damaged.
答案：①about?、趂or?、踳ith

2
make up one's mind 下定決心；決定
教材
原句
Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it.(P18)
一旦她下了決心，什么也不能使她改變。
change one's mind 改變主意
記住……
call/bring ... to mind回憶起……
fix one's mind on/upon ... 將注意力集中于……
read one's mind看出某人的心思
[名師點津]　make up one's mind短語中的mind與change one's mind中的mind的形式要隨one's的單復(fù)數(shù)變化而變化。

即時練2
單句寫作
①威廉的兩本書幫助本杰明下定決心成為一名畫家。
Williams' two books helped Benjamin to to be a painter.
②他接了一個電話后，在最后時刻改變了主意。
He after a phone call at the last minute.
③在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上，我們能夠迅速地、輕易地找到細(xì)節(jié)，查看事實，而不需要記住它們。
On the Internet, we can quickly and easily locate the details, and check facts, without .
④周圍這么吵鬧，這個男孩根本不能將注意力集中在他正在做的事情上。
With so much noise around, the boy could not at all.
答案：①make up his mind?、赾hanged his mind?、踜eeping them in mind?、躥ix his mind on/upon what he was doing

3
give in 屈服；投降；讓步；上交
教材
原句
Finally, I had to give in. (P18)
最后，我只好讓步了。
give in to sb./sth. 向某人/某事投降、讓步
give up (doing) sth. 放棄(做)某事
give away 贈送；泄露
give back 歸還；恢復(fù)
give off 放出，散發(fā)(光、熱、煙、氣味等)
give out 分發(fā)；公布，宣布；(食物、燃料、電力等)用光；精疲力竭
give way to ... 給……讓路；對……讓步
give rise to 產(chǎn)生；引起
[名師點津]　give in “屈服；投降；讓步；上交”。當(dāng)“屈服”講時，如果接賓語，后面常接介詞to，表示向某人/物屈服。

即時練3
用give相關(guān)短語的適當(dāng)形式填空
①We will never ， whatever they might do or say about our plan.
②Jane tried to keep up a calm appearance, but her trembling voice her .
③The rotting bananas are a bad smell, so you'd better throw them away.
④I know smoking is bad for health, but I simply can't it .
⑤After two days our food ， and we had to return.
答案：①give in?、趃ave; away　③giving off?、躦ive; up　⑤gave out


1
Although she didn't know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that she organize the trip properly.(P18)
翻譯
雖然她對去某些地方的最佳路線并不清楚，她卻堅持要自己把這次旅游安排得盡善盡美。



從句語氣
意義
insist(vt.)
虛擬語氣，其謂語動詞常用(should＋)動詞原形
堅決要求；堅持主張
陳述語氣
堅決認(rèn)為；堅持說
insist(vi.)
其后常接介詞on/upon
堅持；堅持主張；硬要

即時練1
單句語法填空
①(2016·天津高考)I told her she shouldn't swim after a whole night's coughing, but she refused to give up and insisted she (go)．
②I might fail, but anyhow I insist doing it. I never lose heart.
答案：①(should) go?、趏n/upon
單句寫作
③這位女士堅持說她沒有做錯事并堅決要求應(yīng)該得到恰當(dāng)?shù)膶Υ?br /> The lady insisted that she and that she properly.
答案：had done nothing wrong; (should) be treated

2
When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience.(P18)
翻譯
當(dāng)我告訴她那里空氣稀薄，呼吸困難，而且天氣很冷時，她卻說這將是一次有趣的經(jīng)歷。
the air would be hard to breathe是“主語＋be＋adj.＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，其中the air是breathe的邏輯賓語，不定式用主動形式表示被動意義。使用此結(jié)構(gòu)須具備兩個前提條件：
①表語是表性質(zhì)的形容詞
②主語是to do的邏輯賓語
(1)常用形容詞有：difficult, hard, easy, comfortable, pleasant, interesting, exciting等。
(2)不定式和句子的主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系；若不定式為不及物動詞，其后應(yīng)該加相應(yīng)的介詞。

即時練2
單句語法填空
①(2017·江蘇高考)The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. But alternative explanations are hard (find)．
②Many bad habits can be especially difficult (cure)．
答案：①to find?、趖o cure
單句寫作——句式升級
③湯姆不容易取悅。(please)

④湯姆很難相處。

⑤用as a result連接句③和④


答案：③Tom is not easy to please.?、躎om is hard/difficult to get along with.?、軹om is not easy to please; as a result, he is hard/difficult to get along with.

3
Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it.(P18)
翻譯
她一旦下了決心，什么也不能使她改變。
(1)once用作連詞時，意為“一旦……就……”，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。
(2)once用作副詞時，意為“曾經(jīng)；一度；從前；一次”。
(3)once引導(dǎo)的從句中的主語若與主句主語一致，且從句的謂語動詞是be的某種形式，則可將從句中的主語和be動詞省略，構(gòu)成省略句。
即時練3
單句寫作
①一旦造成損失，這些農(nóng)田要花費(fèi)很多年才能恢復(fù)過來。
， it will take many years for the farmland to recover.
②一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)，任何錯誤都必須加以改正。
， any mistake must be corrected.
③李華，曾經(jīng)的一個好學(xué)生，現(xiàn)在卻一直試圖逃學(xué)。
Li Hua, ， now is trying to escape school.
④他每周洗一次汽車。
He cleans his car .
答案：①Once the damage is done?、贠nce (it is) found
③once a good student?、躱nce a week


現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表將來
英語中有少數(shù)動詞(位移動詞)或動詞短語，如：go, come, start, leave, arrive, return, move, fly, take off等，其現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時可以表示將來。主要用來表示按計劃、安排在近期將要發(fā)生的動作。
①Look, the plane full of food and clothes is taking off soon to help the victims in the earthquake.
看，滿載著食品和衣服的飛機(jī)很快就要起飛去幫助在地震中受災(zāi)的人們。
②Please call the station to make sure when the earliest train is leaving.
請給車站打個電話確認(rèn)最早一班火車什么時候離開。
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示將來除使用位移動詞外，也可使用某些非位移動詞，如：do, buy, meet, have, play, finish, stay, publish等，此時句中一般要有表示將來的時間狀語。
③At this time next year we are having our holiday in Beijing.
明年的此刻我們正在北京度假呢。

即時練
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1．The mid-term exam (come), and everyone is trying hard to study.
答案：is coming
2．Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane (take) off.
答案：is taking
3．I (not go) out tonight; I (stay) at home.
答案：am not going; am staying
4．Are you (have) a meeting with Bill tonight?
答案：having
5．Lily (walk) to school tomorrow.
答案：is walking
Ⅱ.單句寫作
1．我下周日要離開華盛頓到紐約去了。
I Washington for New York next Sunday.
答案：am leaving
2．穿上大衣，我馬上帶你下樓去看醫(yī)生！
Put on your coat. I down to the doctor!
答案：am taking you
3．所有的T恤都在半價銷售，因為這家店下周要關(guān)門了。
All the T-shirts are sold at half price, because the shop down next week.
答案：is closing
4．明年冬天我們?nèi)ツ鞲缍燃佟?br /> We our holiday in Mexico next winter.
答案：are taking
5．下周五我們將乘飛機(jī)去上海出席一個重要的會議。
We to attend an important meeting.
答案：are flying to Shanghai next Friday

基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)演練
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1．(2016·全國卷Ⅲ)They needed to be aroused (激發(fā)) one way or the other, and they preferred good news bad.
答案：to
2．If you don't speak good English, you'll be a big disadvantage when you try to get a job.
答案：at
3．We have made up our (mind) to overcome this difficulty.
答案：minds
4．My husband and I insisted that our children (be) old enough to make their beds.
答案：were
5．She is scheduled (give) a speech tonight, hoping all of us will attend it.
答案：to give
6．I hold a positive attitude online voting.
答案：towards/to
7．She left school three years ago and (work) as a nurse ever since.
答案：has been working
8．This machine is very easy (operate). Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.
答案：to operate
9．Mr Black, who is a very person, works as the president of a large international . (organize)
答案：organized; organization
10．My brother from Beijing University last year. He has been working in a famous company after . (graduate)
答案：graduated; graduation
Ⅱ.單句改錯
1．The government insisted that plans made to help those out of work.

答案：made前加(should) be
2．The man is very stubborn and difficult to get along well.

答案：well后加with
3．Having worked for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on the schedule.

答案：去掉the
4．He persuaded her to stop smoking but failed.

答案：persuaded→advised
5．Determining，Dad filled our plates with steaming stew and passed them around.

答案：Determining→Determined
Ⅲ.教材微寫作
A．根據(jù)提示完成句子
1．蘇珊一直夢想著到麗江旅游。(dream about)


答案：Susan had been dreaming about travelling to Lijiang.
2．她寧愿瑪麗和她一起去。(prefer)


答案：She preferred Mary to go with her.
3．盡管瑪麗很固執(zhí)，蘇珊還是決定去說服她一起去旅行。(stubborn; determine; persuade)


答案：Although Mary was stubborn, Susan determined to persuade her to travel together.
4．最終瑪麗做出讓步，并同意和蘇珊一起去旅游。(finally; give in)


答案：Finally, Mary gave in and agreed to travel with Susan.
5．她們盡情地欣賞那兒的美景。(view)


答案：They enjoyed the wonderful view there to the fullest.
6．瑪麗很激動，以至于夜里不能入睡。(stay awake)


答案：Mary was so excited that she stayed awake during the night.
B．將以上句子連成一篇邏輯嚴(yán)密的短文，注意書寫規(guī)范

答案：Susan had been dreaming about travelling to Lijiang and she preferred Mary to go with her. Although Mary was stubborn, Susan determined to persuade her to travel together. Finally, Mary gave in and agreed to travel with her. They enjoyed the wonderful view there to the fullest, which made Mary so excited that she stayed awake during the night.

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