非謂語動詞是動詞用法中最為復雜的部分之一，它不僅有時態(tài)的變化、語態(tài)的不同，而且還要格外注意其所表達的邏輯關系，這些都是非謂語動詞用法的難點。
近年來，北京高考對該語法現象的滲透日趨明顯和突出，所牽扯到的焦點問題主要有：現在分詞和過去分詞基礎知識；現在分詞和過去分詞句法功能；現在分詞和過去分詞用法的區(qū)別和辨析；現在分詞和過去分詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)及其構成；現在分詞和過去分詞在上下文中的聯系和紐帶作用等。另外，對于動詞不定式主要考查一些固定搭配、固定句型和在句子中的句法功能；對于動名詞主要考查在一些動詞后作賓語的用法等。
非謂語動詞在北京近五年高考中的考查主要有：
不定式:
1．不定式作的句法功能（目的狀語、定語、賓補、主語和賓語）；
2．不定式的一些固定搭配、固定句型；
3. 不定式的各種形式及其意義。
動詞ing:
1．動詞ing作的句法功能；
2. 動詞ing的各種形式及其意義。
過去分詞:
1．過去分詞作狀語；
2．過去分詞作定語；
3. 過去分詞作賓補；
4. 過去分詞與現在分詞的辨析。
題型01 動詞不定式
【題型詮釋】
【典例】
【2024北京卷】 Slwing dwn can cntribute significantly t persnal grwth. Taking the time ___11___ (rest) allws us t develp a deeper sense f ___12___ (self-aware).
題型02 動名詞
【題型詮釋】
【典例】
【2024北京卷】 Just then, sme kids ran at him, ___19___ (knck) his bks ut f his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass.
題型03 現在分詞
【題型詮釋】
【典例】
【2023北京卷】Mangrves, knwn as “red frest” in China, grw between land and sea, characterised by their cmplex rts. When 14 (see) frm afar, the mangrve frests appear mre splendid.
題型04 過去分詞：dne
【題型詮釋】
注意：非謂語動詞本身不能表示現在和過去。非謂語動詞表示進行、將來和完成時是相對于謂語動作來說的：和謂語動作同時發(fā)生表示進行；發(fā)生在謂語動作之后表示將來；發(fā)生在謂語動作之前表示完成。
【典例】
【2022年北京卷】Why d humans prefer sme smells ver thers? One thery, increasingly ____14____ (supprt) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned.
【高考真題】
1.【2024北京卷】 Slwing dwn can cntribute significantly t persnal grwth. Taking the time ___11___ (rest) allws us t develp a deeper sense f ___12___ (self-aware).
2.【2024北京卷】And when ___16___ (ask) abut his new title, he shared the secret: mderatin (適度).
3.【2024北京卷】 Just then, sme kids ran at him, ___19___ (knck) his bks ut f his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass.
4.【2023北京卷】Mangrves, knwn as “red frest” in China, grw between land and sea, characterised by their cmplex rts. When 14 (see) frm afar, the mangrve frests appear mre splendid.
5.【2023北京卷】She called fr actin 19 (address)the struggles f peple arund the wrld 20 (face) “t little water r t dirty water”. Her effrts have encuraged thers t take part by running thrugh a glbal campaign called“Run Blue”.
6.【2022年北京卷】 Fearful that he might have an intentin ____12____ (harm) her, Helen started t run.
7.【2022年北京卷】Why d humans prefer sme smells ver thers? One thery, increasingly ____14____ (supprt) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned.
【2021年北京卷】There ____17____(be) a dramatic rise in the number f extreme weather events ver the past 20 years,____18____(cause) largely by rising glbal temperatures,accrding t a new reprt frm the United Natins.
9.【2021年北京卷】Frm 2000 t 2019, there were 7,348 majr natural disasters arund the wrld,____19____(result) in USD 2,970 billin in ecnmic lss．Much f this increase can be due t climate change.
10.【2021年北京卷】The findings shw a critical need ____20____ (invest) in disaster preventin.
11.【2020年北京卷】Single-use plastic bags are used at mst a few times befre they___4___(thrw) away. It takes them hundreds f years___5___(break) dwn. Many f these bags end up in the cean where larger nes can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dlphins.
12.【2020年北京卷】A piece f stne___8___(find) n a Dutch beach suggests that ur extinct human relatives, knwn as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previusly thught.
考查非謂語動詞。句意：在荷蘭海灘上發(fā)現的一塊石頭表明，我們已經滅絕的人類親戚尼安德特人比我們之前認為的更聰明。句子的謂語為suggests，設空處在句中作非謂語和邏輯主語之間是邏輯的被動關系。故答案為fund。
【最新?？肌?br>【2024年北京市西城區(qū)高三二模】A persn’s memry is like a hall with many rms, sme visited frequently, thers untuched 15 years. With age, smetimes, drs t certain memries becme lcked, requiring a special key 16 (access) them. These keys ften cme in the frm f specific sensry inputs—smething yu see, smell, tuch, taste, r hear. When a sensry input stimulates receptrs, signals are sent alng nerve cells t the brain, 17 they are prcessed and interpreted. The way ur senses cnnect with ur memries shws hw cmplex ur minds are. Knwing this helps us understand hw ur past affects hw we see and act in the present.
【2024年北京交通大學附中高三三?！縄magine 15 (abandn) at the age f 6 by his pr parents! Charles Mulli was frced t becme a street beggar in rder t survive. Yet even in the midst f his pverty and despair, he still dreamed f being an imprtant man smeday. He 16 (labr) at many difficult jbs fr the fllwing several years. Mulli then saved mney and bught a car. That was 17 he began using as a taxi and in time, he started a transprtatin service cmpany with a fleet f vehicles. All f his hard wrk turned Mull int a millinaire and an imprtant man.
【2024年人大附中高三三?！縎me university students carried ut a campaign 14 they celebrated their whle day withut cell phnes This mve was 15 (imprve) their relatinships with their near and dear nes and t keep them away frm the virtual life. Studies indicate that a majrity f yung peple use their phnes during lessns, ver family meals r even at the cinema. The prblem f phne addictin has been bserved since a few years ag, with experts and psychlgists 16 (try) t increase awareness abut this prblem.
（2024·北京朝陽·二模）閱讀下列短文，根據短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當的單詞，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。
An elderly cuple has becme stars in the marathn cmmunity. 18 (win) at least 200 medals frm sprts meetings in the past ten years, they are regarded as rle mdels by many peple. Initially, the cuple started running just 19 (imprve) their health. Later, they decided t challenge themselves and signed up fr a marathn. Thugh neither f them had run a full marathn befre, they managed t cmplete it. They believe n matter 20 age it is, the marathn spirit f fighting t the end is essential.

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