專題10 完形填空- 高考英語(yǔ)二輪熱點(diǎn)題型歸納與變式演練（北京專用）-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

完形填空是全國(guó)各地高考英語(yǔ)必考題型之一，它要求考生能夠讀懂一篇有空缺的文章的大意，根據(jù)已學(xué)知識(shí)，在整體理解的基礎(chǔ)上，推導(dǎo)出未知內(nèi)容。它具有主觀性測(cè)試和客觀性測(cè)試的雙重優(yōu)點(diǎn)。它既可以在語(yǔ)篇中考查考生英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，即詞匯、語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，又可考查考生運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的能力，如詞語(yǔ)搭配、習(xí)慣用法、詞義辨析、語(yǔ)言交際、文化背景和社會(huì)風(fēng)俗等。同時(shí)它還要求考生必須具備良好的把握上下文行文邏輯和篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的能力。
1．高考完形填空題的文章選材廣泛，注重原汁原味，內(nèi)容著重體現(xiàn)新課標(biāo)所要求的“關(guān)注學(xué)生情感，提高人文素養(yǎng)”這一人文理念。文章體裁以記敘文為主。
2．文章長(zhǎng)度250詞左右，一般設(shè)空20個(gè)，設(shè)空平均間距為10個(gè)詞左右。首句不設(shè)空。
3．考查以語(yǔ)篇內(nèi)容理解為主，注重對(duì)文章語(yǔ)境的理解和把握。題型按語(yǔ)境進(jìn)行分類，可分為句內(nèi)層次題、句組層次題和語(yǔ)篇層次題。語(yǔ)法考查很少見。
4．選項(xiàng)以考查實(shí)詞為主，如名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞等；虛詞為輔，如介詞、連詞等。
記敘文類完形填空是高考英語(yǔ)試題中出現(xiàn)頻率最高的一類。記敘文主要分為記人為主和敘事為主兩種類型。多數(shù)按事情發(fā)展的順序進(jìn)行敘述，偶爾會(huì)采用倒敘。
記敘文類文章本著突出“詞匯語(yǔ)境化，語(yǔ)篇整體化”的命題原則，一般有下列特點(diǎn)：
1．鮮明的時(shí)代性、生活性。文章素材多取自英美國(guó)家人們的社會(huì)生活、家庭生活或校園生活，是社會(huì)的一個(gè)縮影，是特定文化背景下人們的物質(zhì)生活和精神生活的真實(shí)寫照。它猶如一面多棱鏡，折射出的是人性的光輝。
2．信息量大，故事情節(jié)曲折動(dòng)人，且故事結(jié)局往往出人意料。字里行間蘊(yùn)含大量的社會(huì)、文化等信息。
3．注重人物的語(yǔ)言、動(dòng)作和心理活動(dòng)描寫，全面展示人物的性格?？忌ㄟ^(guò)對(duì)特定人物的語(yǔ)言、動(dòng)作和心理的把握可以推測(cè)出命題人的意圖、情感態(tài)度和故事發(fā)展的脈絡(luò)，完整地將故事還原。
題型01 利用首句明大意
【題型詮釋】
完形填空首句不設(shè)題。記敘文首句往往介紹事情發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物和起因等細(xì)節(jié)信息，說(shuō)明文和議論文通過(guò)首句點(diǎn)明文章主旨。
【典例】
During my secnd year at the city cllege, I was tld that the educatin department was ffering a “free” curse, called Thinking Chess, fr three credits. I (jumped________at) the idea f taking the class because, after all, wh desn't want t ________ a few dllars?
A. waste B.earn C. save D.pay
題型02 瞻前顧后巧求索
【題型詮釋】
在做完形填空時(shí)，應(yīng)仔細(xì)閱讀文章，留意文章的細(xì)節(jié)和措辭，注意前后文的呼應(yīng)。
【典例】
Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a frmer graduate， and this ① was n game fr him; he meant business. In his intrductin, he made it (clear) that. In rder t ② the class, amng ther criteria, we had t write a paper n hw we plan t in class t ur future prfessins and, (eventually), t ur. in that (curse) and learned life lessns that have served me well beynd the ③ .
①A. chance B.qualificatin C. hnr D.jb
②A. attend B.pass C. skip D.bserve
③A. criterin B.classrm C. department D.situatin
題型03 詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)定答案
【題型詮釋】
完形填空中，許多試題的答案在上下文中以原詞及其派生詞的形式出現(xiàn)，只要留意觀察就能發(fā)現(xiàn)。
【典例】
... He had ① t cax (哄) the dg t him but, frightened, it had (run ff)．
Back hme, Ehlers was trubled by that ② dg. S, fur days later, he called his friend Greg, and the tw drve (back). After a lng and careful (search), Greg saw, acrss a field, the dg mving (cautiusly) away. Ehlers eventually in caxing the animal t him. Nervusness and fear were with ③ . It just started licking (舔) Ehlers' face.
A lcal farmer tld them the dg sunded like ne ④ as in the lcal paper. had a (phne) number fr a twn in suthern Michigan.
①A. tried B.agreed C. prmised D.regretted
②A. injured B.stlen C. lst D.rescued
③A. surprise B.jy C. hesitatin D.anxiety
④A. predicted B.advertised C. believed D.recrded
題型04 連詞平行解疑難
【題型詮釋】
根據(jù)連詞and、 but、 s、 yet、 r等或althugh、 thugh、 because、since、 while等從屬連詞或neither ... nr、 either ... r ...、 nt nly ... but as ... 等平行結(jié)構(gòu)，可以推斷出正確答案，提高得分率。
【典例】
The abslute mst imprtant (skill) that yu learn when yu play chess is hw t make gd (decisins). On every single mve yu have t ① a situatin, prcess what yur ppnent (對(duì)手) is ding and ② the best mve frm amng all yur ptins.
①A. analyze B.describe C. rebuild D.cntrl
②A. annunce B.signal C. blck D.evaluate
題型05 褒貶語(yǔ)境判曲直
【題型詮釋】
每篇完形填空所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容都有一定的褒貶性，這反映了作者的特定心理、情緒狀態(tài)和寫作意圖。利用文章內(nèi)容的褒貶性是可以在準(zhǔn)確理解文意的基礎(chǔ)上推斷出答案的。
【典例】
And, even if I weren't ① enugh abut free credits, news abut ur (instructr) was me. He was an internatinal， which (meant) I wuld be learning frm ne f the game's ② . I culd hardly wait t ③ him.
①A. excited B.wrried C. mved D.tired
②A. fastest B.easiest C. best D.rarest
③A. interview B.meet C. challenge D.beat
【高考真題】
【2024北京卷】
I’d just arrived at schl, ready fr anther schl day. I was reading a bk in the classrm when there was an ___1___. “Tday at 1: 10 there will be auditins (面試) fr a musical.” My friends all jumped up in excitement and asked me, “Will yu be ging, Amy?” “Sure,” I said. I had n ___2___ in drama, but I’d try ut because my friends were ding it.
At 1:10, there was a ___3___ utside the drama rm. Everyne lked energetic. I hadn’t expected I’d be standing there that mrning. But nw that I was ding it, I ___4___ felt nervus. What if I wasn’t any gd?
I entered the rm and the teachers made me say sme lines frm the musical. They then ___5___ my singing skills and asked what rle I wanted t play. The teachers were smiling and praising me. I felt like I had a ___6___, s I said, “A big rle.” They said they’d lk int it. I started getting really nervus. What if I didn’t get a main rle?
Sn, the cast list was ___7___. My friends checked and came back shuting, “Amy, yu gt the main rle! ” Sure enugh, my name was at the tp. I just stared at it and started t ___8___. I was s happy.
After tw mnths we were all prepared and ready t g n stage. It was fun. And when peple started ___9___, that gave me a bst f cnfidence. It stayed with me and made me feel ___10___. I realised that by trying smething new, I can have fun — even if it means stepping ut f my cmfrt zne.
1. A. assignmentB. initiativeC. annuncementD. interview
2. A. hesitancyB. interestC. wrryD. regret
3. A. gameB. shwC. playD. line
4. A. suddenlyB. cntinuuslyC. riginallyD. generally
5. A. advertisedB. testedC. challengedD. plished
6. A. demandB. creditC. dreamD. chance
7. A. tradedB. pstedC. questinedD. claimed
8 A. well upB. rll inC. stand utD. g ff
9. A. whisperingB. arguingC. clappingD. stretching
10. A. funnierB. fairerC. clevererD. braver
【2024北京卷】
I was always timid (羞怯的). Being new t the schl made me even 1 , s it was surprising I’d 2 t anyne arund me. Nw I was paying the price — t write a five-page essay n “Why I Shuld Nt Talk in Class”. That wuld take all night!
After I gt hme, thugh. I tk my time petting the cat-pstpning the pain.
When I finally sat dwn t 3 , I began with the reasns Ms. Black wuld want t hear.
Talking kept me and my neighburs frm 4 . One paragraph dwn; nw what? I chewed n my pencil. Aha! What if talking were the first step twards life as a criminal? Withut the educatin I was thrwing away, I’d turn t theft and g t prisn. When I gt ut, peple wuld say, “She used t talk in class.” The pages began 5 .
But when mum gt hme frm wrk, I was still 6 , “Five pages! That’s impssible!”
“Well, yu’d better get back t wrk,” she said. “and I want t read it when yu’re thrugh.”
Sn after dinner, I handed the essay t mum. I half expected a 7 — at least an “I hpe yu’ve learned yur lessn”. 8 , mum laughed and laughed as she read.
The next day, when Ms. Black read the essay t the class, everyne laughed. I culd 9 they weren’t making fun f me: they laughed because I had the pwer t tell a funny stry. My 10 still needed sme nudging (激發(fā)), but I did learn I wasn’t shy in print.
1．A．freerB．shyerC．calmerD．happier
2．A．ndB．pintC．listenD．chat
3．A．weepB．restC．writeD．read
4．A．learningB．playingC．planningD．laughing
5．A．standing utB．flying byC．breaking upD．checking in
6．A．celebratingB．lngingC．cmplainingD．warning
7．A．lectureB．reasnC．rewardD．slutin
8．A．TherefreB．MreverC．MeanwhileD．Instead
9．A．hpeB．imagineC．tellD．predict
10．A．patienceB．cnfidenceC．tleranceD．independence
【2022北京卷】
One Mnday mrning, while the children were enjying “free play”, I stepped t the drway f the classrm t take a break. Suddenly, I ____1____ a mvement f the heavy wden dr. This was the very dr I ____2____ guided the children thrugh t ensure their safety frm the bitter cld. I felt a chill (寒意) g thrugh my bdy.
My legs carried me t that dr, and I pushed it pen. It was ne f my kindergarteners wh I thught was ____3____ that day. He had been drpped ff at schl late and was ____4____ t pen the dr.
He must have been waiting there fr quite a while! Withut a wrd, I rushed him t the hspital. He was treated fr frstbite n his hands. He’d need time t ____5____ , and wuldn’t cme fr class the next day, I thught.
The next mrning, ne f the first t ____6____ was my little frstbitten by. Nt nly did he run in with energy, but his ____7____ culd be heard as lud as ever! I gave him a warm hug and tld him hw ____8____ I was t see him. His wrds have stayed with me all these years, “I knew yu wuld pen the dr.”
That cld Mnday mrning, he waited a lng, lng while fr adults t ____9____. T a child, every minute feels like frever. He didn’t attempt t walk back hme; he waited and trusted. This five-year-ld taught me a pwerful lessn in _____10_____ .
1. A. causedB. spttedC. checkedD. imagined
2. A. hesitantlyB. randmlyC. dizzilyD. carefully
3. A. angryB. absentC. specialD. nisy
4. A. curageusB. cntentC. unableD. unwilling
5. A. recverB. playC. changeD. wait
6. A. settleB. gatherC. arriveD. react
7. A. sneezeB. weepC. cmplaintD. laughter
8. A. luckyB. happyC. curiusD. nervus
9. A. shw upB. pull upC. hld upD. line up
10. A. gratitudeB. frgivenessC. faithD. kindness
【2021北京卷】
Recently，I tk a trip hme by train．I gt a seat ppsite a middle-aged man with sharp eyes，wh kept____1____a yung wman in a windw seat with a little by n her lap．The wman's eye fell n the man's face，and she immediately lked dwn and____2____her scarf．
As the night wre n，peple began t clse their eyes，but the seats were s uncmfrtable that nly a very heavy sleeper culd manage t get any____3____．The wman lked ver at the man．He was still staring at her．She lked back at him with fire in her eyes．I was beginning t get____4____，t．
The train mved n．The little by was ____5____ awake n his mther's lap，but the wman drpped ff t sleep．A mment later，he began t____6____the half-pen windw—ne leg went ver it．The man jumped up and ____7____the child just befre he fell ut．
The____8____ wke up the wman．She seemed t be in____9____，and then reality dawned （顯現(xiàn)）．“Yur child has been lking fr an pprtunity t climb ut f the windw，”the man said as he gave the child back t her. ．“S I have been watching the whle time．”The wman was _____10_____，and s was I．
1. A. guidingB. btheringC. watchingD. mnitring
2. A. adjustedB. changedC. packedD. waved
3. A. airB. jyC. spaceD. rest
4. A. nervusB. embarrassedC. angryD. disappinted
5. A. almstB. stillC. hardlyD. even
6. A. dragB. climbC. knckD. push
7. A. grabbedB. rckedC. tuchedD. picked
8. A. alarmB. quarrelC. riskD. nise
9. A. srrwB. reliefC. panicD. pain
10. A. astnishedB. cnfusedC. cncernedD. inspired
【2020北京卷】
My faith in human nature has never been s great as it was last weekend after ur family get-tgether in the twn f Vail.
On Saturday, we all went t the market right in the middle f the twn. Near the end, we all____11____at the funtain near the bridge, and the kids waded（蹚水）arund in the funtain until we____12____. This is ne f the busiest walking streets.
After we returned t the htel late in the afternn, my 7-year-ld sn Pnder____13____that nwhere culd he find his backpack, which____14____his Gameby and his watch. After a thrugh____15____we determined that he must have left it at the funtain.
Pnder has never____16____anything. S we just take fr granted that he needs n supervisin（指導(dǎo)）fr managing his____17____.
He was upset, nt abut the Gameby, but abut the watch. "But Dad," he said, thrugh massive____18____, "they dn't make that kind f watch anymre." We were all very____19____.
Our dinner reservatin was at a restaurant just n the ther side f the bridge, s I_____20_____him that we wuld nt nly search the area arund the funtain when we went back fr dinner, but we wuld als find the plice and ask them if the backpack had been_____21_____.
As we exited frm the parking garage, we culd see the funtain as we walked dwn the lng staircase. I saw smething black_____22_____there, but it was right next t a wman standing by the funtain, s I culd nt_____23_____what it was r if it was hers.
"See it, Dad?" Pnder shuted. "Dn't get t_____24_____because that may nt be it," I said. But that was it. It had been five r six hurs since we left the funtain, and it was_____25_____there. There was n ID in it, and it lked like smene had lked thrugh it and then set it right ut where all culd_____26_____it.
I literally_____27_____when we reached it and it was his！Everyne in ur party was blwn away by this "miracle（奇跡）". In my wildest_____28_____, I wuld never have imagined that this culd happen nwadays.
What a charmed life, eh? I believe this was a perfect_____29_____fr a child in lsing smething imprtant…t lse it and feel the full_____30_____f that lss, and then t miraculusly get it back.
11. A. drveB. hikedC. metD. united
12. A. landedB. leftC. settledD. slept
13. A. respndedB. recgnizedC. realisedD. recalled
14. A. cntainedB. cmbinedC. cmprisedD. cvered
15. A. preparatinB. checkupC. revisinD. search
16. A. wastedB. lstC. sughD. deserted
17. A. emtinB. timeC. mneyD. stuff
18. A. tearsB. fistsC. reliefsD. utbreaks
19. A. hesitantB. curiusC. sadD. eager
20. A. prmisedB. infrmedC. warnedD. taught
21. A. wrn utB. caught upC. put awayD. turned in
22. A. hidingB. sittingC. swingingD. flwing
23. A. assessB. declareC. tellD. predict
24. A. excitedB. puzzledC. relaxedD. amused
25. A. alreadyB. evenC. almstD. still
26. A. takeB. seeC. tuchD. prtect
27. A. panickedB. expldedC. cllapsedD. cried
28. A. dreamsB. claimsC. effrtsD. passins
29. A. mdeB. lessnC. ptinD. plt
30. A. rangeB. pressureC. weightD. harvest
【最新?？肌?br>（2024·北京朝陽(yáng)·二模）A nurse named Aly Hgarth has reunited with a mther and daughter at the same hspital ship 30 years after saving their lives.
In 1993, Ms Hgarth was turing a hspital ship in Sierra Lene when she knew that a patient Catherine Cnteh needed a Caesarean sectin (剖腹產(chǎn)手術(shù)), but she culdn’t 1 it. Ms Hgarth cntacted her clleagues and they paid fr the 170 surgery, s that Catherine’s daughter, Regina, culd be 2 . Later, Ms Hgarth vlunteered t take care f her in the hspital, 3 her wund and teaching her hw t feed the baby. In this way Ms Hgarth frmed a 4 with the mther and the baby, but they lst 5 when she returned hme t New Zealand.
Ms Hgarth, nw 52, vlunteered fr charity Mercy Ships. Surprisingly, she 6 Catherine and Regina at the same hspital ship. They bth became nurses, inspired by Ms Hgarth, and Regina nw has a child f her wn.
Ms Hgarth said, “T see Catherine in persn again, it’s very unreal really. It’s nt smething I 7 expected until we made cntact again. Fr me, I felt 8 at the mment when we met and didn’t knw hw t react.” “We just cried and cried,” Catherine said. “Regina and I wuld have died withut Ms Hgarth’s pure lve.”
“It’s really 9 t see Catherine again,” Ms Hgarth shared. “I thught abut her every time I tld that stry fr the last 30 years. I knw it was a significant time — realizing that yu can make a real 10 by ding smething.”
1．A．cancelB．bearC．a(chǎn)ffrdD．a(chǎn)ccept
2．A．examinedB．deliveredC．a(chǎn)dptedD．a(chǎn)ttended
3．A．receivingB．remvingC．dressingD．discvering
4．A．habitB．traditinC．planD．bnd
5．A．tuchB．cntrlC．hpeD．directin
6．A．called nB．came acrssC．lked afterD．kept ff
7．A．everB．stillC．evenD．just
8．A．inspiredB．disappintedC．cncernedD．excited
9．A．impssibleB．a(chǎn)mazingC．challengingD．simple
10．A．effrtB．cmmitmentC．decisinD．difference
（2024·北京海淀·二模）Mvement is ur first language; I believe we’re brn t dance. I’ve always had a special liking fr dance, and my jb.
I gt great 1 wrking in the therapeutic (治療的) wrld; it felt mre like a calling. I enjyed every mment; my purpse and missin 2 me. My highlights are when I’ve witnessed nce dull and hpeless eyes light up when the persn felt seen, heard, and accepted.
Then, ill health struck. As my health declined prgressively, I had t stp ding what I lved. 3 , all I had was being able t facilitate the ccasinal wrkshp when pprtunity and energy aligned (一致). Chrnic fatigue syndrme (慢性疲勞綜合癥) is a merciless beast.
In 2020, the unimaginable happened. In additin t sul-destrying feeling f being 4 , I began experiencing frequent vcal challenges f varying degrees. I culd n lnger accept facilitatin invitatins because my 5 was nw unreliable. I grieved, feeling like I was being swallwed by a damp, dark fg.
After an extended perid f being in self-pity, I 6 my thinking. I have internal value. My value r identity is nt 7 by what I can r cannt d. Regarding my health jurney, in time, I 8 this: it is what it is. Fr this seasn, this is my path.
S, I started dancing again. Life is full f surprises, pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral, yet what matters is hw we 9 t thse surprises. Despite nging vice lss and health challenges, I fund new ways t make a difference.
Yu and I may nt be able t chse the 10 life plays fr us; hwever, we d get t chse hw we will dance t it. May we dance with strength, curage, and grace.
1．A．fameB．surpriseC．pleasureD．inspiratin
2．A．fuelledB．a(chǎn)ttractedC．instructedD．calmed
3．A．SimplyB．ParticularlyC．EventuallyD．Apparently
4．A．tiredB．a(chǎn)nnyedC．disappintedD．injured
5．A．mindB．sightC．senseD．vice
6．A．discveredB．a(chǎn)djustedC．a(chǎn)bandnedD．cntrlled
7．A．ignredB．selectedC．definedD．a(chǎn)ssisted
8．A．a(chǎn)cceptedB．recalledC．questinedD．expected
9．A．referB．a(chǎn)ppealC．turnD．respnd
10．A．rleB．musicC．jkeD．game
（2024·北京東城·二模）Steven tk his 7-year-ld sn Alex and 4-year-ld daughter Mia ut n his bat fr fishing and fun. But in the blink f an eye, things tk a terrifying 1 when a strng current suddenly swept thrugh, causing Mia t 2 her hld n the bat.
While Mia wre a life jacket, Alex did nt. But as the current pulled his sister away, Alex wasn’t ging t leave her alne. He, t, let g f the 3 and swam tward his sister.
Realizing the danger, Steven 4 jumped int the water and tried t help his kids. But the strng current made it difficult even fr him. S he tld Alex t swim t shre while he tried t rescue Mia.
“I tld them bth I lved them because I wasn’t sure what was ging t happen,” Steven recalled. “I tried t 5 Mia as lng as I culd. But finally I wre myself ut, and she drifted away (漂走) frm me.”
Alex fllwed his dad’s 6 and headed fr the shre. But it was n easy task. “The current was ging the ppsite way,” he explained.
This little by spent an hur 7 his way back t land. He swam mre than a mile. Once he finally made it t the shre, the by ran t the first huse he culd find and begged fr 8 . Frm there, Jacksnville authrities 9 and rescued Steven and his daughter.
Alex, the brave and 10 little by saved his sister and dad. If nt fr him, it wuld have been a different stry.
1．A．hitB．turnC．pauseD．risk
2．A．releaseB．findC．escapeD．regain
3．A．fishB．jacketC．batD．current
4．A．unusuallyB．suddenlyC．instantlyD．unexpectedly
5．A．relate tB．wait frC．cunt nD．stick with
6．A．explanatinB．ftstepsC．exampleD．instructins
7．A．clearingB．fightingC．pickingD．changing
8．A．securityB．understandingC．permissinD．help
9．A．cut inB．lked utC．tk verD．came arund
10．A．tughB．humbleC．hard-wrkingD．cnfident

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