說(shuō)明文完形填空考查考生通篇把握全文,根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系,綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),進(jìn)行分析﹑推理﹑判斷的能力和語(yǔ)篇分析理解能力。檢測(cè)考生在閱讀理解的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)綜合運(yùn)用的能力。
說(shuō)明文一般采用簡(jiǎn)練的語(yǔ)言,按一定的方法介紹事物的類別、性質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)、構(gòu)造、成因、關(guān)系或事物的運(yùn)動(dòng)變化、發(fā)展的過(guò)程及其規(guī)律。常見(jiàn)的說(shuō)明文有自我介紹、人物介紹(傳記)、地方介紹、習(xí)俗介紹、節(jié)日介紹、方法(步驟)介紹,產(chǎn)品說(shuō)明、實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告、科普小品、讀書(shū)報(bào)告、新聞報(bào)道等。
說(shuō)明文類完形填空通常有以下命題特點(diǎn):
1. 開(kāi)頭點(diǎn)題
在說(shuō)明文類完形填空題中,作者一般在文章的首句直接提出說(shuō)明的對(duì)象,這是掌握說(shuō)明細(xì)節(jié)的前提。
2. 結(jié)構(gòu)清晰
說(shuō)明文一般按一定的順序展開(kāi)。理清文章的說(shuō)明順序,對(duì)于正確把握文意和上下文的邏輯關(guān)系以及選擇正確答案具有重要意義。
3. 文體特點(diǎn)
說(shuō)明文往往采用比較正式的文體,表述準(zhǔn)確嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),生詞術(shù)語(yǔ)較多,句子較長(zhǎng),結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜。
4. 條理清楚
說(shuō)明文十分講究條理性,一般采取時(shí)間順序、空間順序、邏輯順序或認(rèn)知順序等來(lái)說(shuō)明事物或事理。
解答這類題目要遵循下列原則:
1. 明白說(shuō)明對(duì)象
文章的首句一般就明確了說(shuō)明對(duì)象。對(duì)文章要進(jìn)行粗讀或略讀,對(duì)文章的大意要先有一個(gè)大體的了解。
2. 弄清楚說(shuō)明的順序,利用好標(biāo)志語(yǔ)
把握了說(shuō)明順序,就能準(zhǔn)確把握文章的脈絡(luò),加強(qiáng)對(duì)整篇文章的理解。語(yǔ)篇與語(yǔ)篇之間往往有表明其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系的詞語(yǔ),這些詞語(yǔ)被稱為"語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)志語(yǔ)"。如表示結(jié)構(gòu)層次的語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)志語(yǔ)firstly, secndly, thirdly, finally等;表示因果關(guān)系的thus, therefre, s等;表示改變?cè)掝}的by the way等;表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的besides, what’s mre等;表示時(shí)間關(guān)系的befre, s far, yet, meanwhile, later等;表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的but, while, n the ther hand等。做題時(shí)如果能充分利用這些語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)志語(yǔ),就可以迅速理清文章的脈絡(luò),弄清上下文的關(guān)系。
3. 把握文章的組織結(jié)構(gòu),理清事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)
把握語(yǔ)篇特征對(duì)理解文意與答題極為有利。說(shuō)明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表達(dá)清楚的、邏輯比較嚴(yán)密的短文。在閱讀這類文章時(shí),我們一定要仔細(xì)研讀文章的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾,從主題句著手,找出支持句,然后尋找文章的結(jié)論。這時(shí),不要被表面的一些細(xì)節(jié)所迷惑,我們?cè)诶斫饧?xì)節(jié)的基礎(chǔ)上,還要斟酌文字的內(nèi)涵意義,從而對(duì)文章進(jìn)行深層次的理解。
4. 注重上下文語(yǔ)境
應(yīng)逐句精讀短文,逐題分析選項(xiàng),對(duì)特定的語(yǔ)境做深入的理解,克服"思維定勢(shì)",根據(jù)全文大意和詞不離句、句不離文的原則逐項(xiàng)填空。
Mnday mrning always seems t cme t sn. Just when yu’re getting used t the 1 , it’s already finished. Fr many f us, Mnday is what we 2 , but have n escape frm.
S take a deep breath and get yur spirits up, 3 yu will find it hard. Here are fur 4 t drive the Mnday blues away.
Just get 5 . The best thing t d n a Mnday mrning is t get sme exercise r g fr a 6 that makes yu feel gd. Just find a green spt t have a walk 7 even just sit there. Fresh air, sunshine and green plants can put yu in a 8 md.
Turn the music n. When yu’re back frm yur wrk, nthing 9 better than listening t sme music. Get yur favrite, 10 yur music system and let the music set the tne fr the day.
11 yur best. Make Mnday yur lk-my-best 12 . Wear the clthes yu like mst. Even if it means wearing that red shirt yu were 13 fr a special ccasin. Instead f blacks and blacks, g fr 14 clurs. Sme f that sunshine yellw r red will drive the 15 away.
Eat happily. Fr thse 16 lvers, bring ut yur favrite chclates and eat them all by yurself , right in the 17 . Nthing is better than the guilty 18 f early mrning chclate. Yu say yu are 19 a diet ? Then make Mnday yur free day. Fd is the best way t 20 the blues.
Remember, the next weekend’s nly five days away!
1. A. SaturdayB. SundayC. weekdayD. weekend
2. A. likeB. hateC. appreciateD. disagree
3. A. in caseB. nceC. as sn asD. althugh
4. A. stepsB. waysC. ideasD. prcedures
5. A. dwnB. ffC. utD. back
6. A. driveB. restC. visitD. walk
7. A. andB. rC. butD. than
8. A. betterB. wrseC. bestD. wrse
9. A. prvesB. desC. wrksD. sunds
10. A. turn dwnB. turn verC. turn ffD. turn n
11. A. DressB. LkC. Put upD. Chse
12. A. dayB. persnC. chanceD. mment
13. A. makingB. savingC. waitingD. buying
14. A. brightB. redC. darkD. beautiful
15. A. yellwsB. bluesC. whitesD. ranges
16. A. chclateB. dietC. fdD. vegetable
17. A. bedrmB. mrningC. nightD. hme
18. A. feelingB. tasteC. pleasureD. attract
19. A. inB. frC. atD. n
20. A. attractB. beatC. cmpleteD. meet
【文章大意】文章介紹很多人在星期一都會(huì)感到沮喪,文章給出四種方法趕走周一抑郁。
3. D 【解析】上文的take a deep breath and get yur spirits up和下文的yu will find it hard是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,用althugh雖然。故選D。
4. B 【解析】根據(jù)下文可知,文章介紹四種趕走周一抑郁的方法。ways方法。故選B。
5. C 【解析】根據(jù)下文"The best thing t d n a Mnday mrning is t get sme exercise"可知,第一個(gè)建議是讓人們出去。ut出去。故選C。
6. D 【解析】根據(jù)下文"have a walk"可知,這里建議人們出去散步。walk散步。故選D。
7. B 【解析】have a walk和sit there是選擇關(guān)系。r或者。故選B。
8. A 【解析】句意:新鮮空氣,陽(yáng)光和綠色植物可以讓你情緒更好。better更好。故選A。
9. C 【解析】句意:當(dāng)你下班回家的時(shí)候,沒(méi)有什么比聽(tīng)一些音樂(lè)更管用了,wrks奏效。故選C。
10. D 【解析】根據(jù)下文"Turn the music n."可知,這里是打開(kāi)音響設(shè)備。turn n打開(kāi)。故選D。
11. A 【解析】根據(jù)下文"Wear the clthes yu like mst."可知,這里是穿上最好的衣服。dress穿衣。故選A。
12. A 【解析】句意:讓星期一成為你看起來(lái)最漂亮的一天。day日子。故選A。
13. B 【解析】根據(jù)下文"fr a special ccasin"可知,這個(gè)裙子是你留著特殊場(chǎng)合穿的。saving省下。故選B。
14. A 【解析】根據(jù)下文"Instead f blacks and blacks,"可知,作者建議穿明亮顏色的衣服。bright明亮的。故選A。
17. B 【解析】根據(jù)下文"early mrning chclate"可知是早上吃巧克力。mrning早上。故選B。
18. C 【解析】根據(jù)上文"bring ut yur favrite"可知,早上吃巧克力是內(nèi)疚的快樂(lè)。pleasure快樂(lè)。故選C。
19. D 【解析】n a diet 為固定搭配,意為"在節(jié)食"。故選D。
20. B 【解析】根據(jù)上文"drive the Mnday blues away"可知,食物是擊敗抑郁的最好方法。beat擊敗。故選B。
題組一(高考真題)
Clze 1 (2016·上海卷)
In the 1960s, Duglas McGregr, ne f the key thinkers in the art f management, develped the nw famus Thery X and Thery Y. Thery X is the idea that peple instinctively 1 wrk and will d anything t avid it. Thery Y is the view that everyne has the ptential t find satisfactin in wrk.
In any case, despite s much evidence t the 2 , many managers still agree t Thery X. They believe, 3 , that their emplyees need cnstant supervisin if they are t wrk effectively, r that decisins must be impsed frm 4 withut cnsultatin. This, f curse, makes fr authritarian (專制的) managers.
Different cultures have different ways f 5 peple. Unlike authritarian management, sme cultures, particularly in Asia, are well knwn fr the cnsultative nature f decisin-making — all members f the department r wrk grup are asked t 6 t this prcess. This is management by the cllective pinin. Many western cmpanies have tried t imitate such Asian ways f ding things, which are based n general 7 . Sme experts say that wmen will becme mre effective managers than men because they have the pwer t reach cmmn gals in a way that traditinal 8 managers cannt.
A recent trend has been t encurage emplyees t use their wn initiative, t make decisins n their wn withut 9 managers first. This empwerment (授權(quán)) has been part f the trend twards dwnsizing: 10 the number f management layers in cmpanies. After de-layering in this way, a cmpany may be 11 with just a tp level f senir managers, frnt-line managers and emplyees with direct cntact with the public. Empwerment takes the idea f delegatin (委托) much further than has 12 been the case. Empwerment and delegatin mean new frms f management cntrl t 13 that the verall business plan is being fllwed, and that peratins becme mre prfitable under the new rganizatin, rather than less.
Anther trend is ff-site r 14 management, where teams f peple linked by e-mail and the Internet wrk n prjects frm their wn huses. Prject managers evaluate the 15 f the team members in terms f what they prduce fr prjects, rather than the amunt f time they spend n them.
1. A. desireB. seekC. lseD. dislike
2. A. cntraryB. expectatinC. degreeD. extreme
3. A. vice versaB. fr exampleC. hweverD. therwise
4. A. utsideB. insideC. belwD. abve
5. A. replacingB. assessingC. managingD. encuraging
6. A. referB. cntributeC. bjectD. apply
7. A. agreementB. practiceC. electinD. impressin
8. A. bssyB. experiencedC. westernD. male
9. A. askingB. trainingC. warningD. firing
10. A. dublingB. maintainingC. reducingD. estimating
11. A. hnred B. leftC. crwdedD. cmpared
12. A. ecnmicallyB. traditinallyC. inadequatelyD. ccasinally
13. A. denyB. admitC. assumeD. ensure
14. A. virtualB. ineffectiveC. day-t-dayD. n-the-scene
15. A. pininB. riskC. perfrmanceD. attractiveness
Clze 2 (2015·安徽卷)
In ur mdern wrld, when smething wears ut, we thrw it away and buy a new ne. The 1 is that cuntries arund the wrld have grwing muntains f 2 because peple are thrwing ut mre rubbish than ever befre.
Hw did we 3 a thrwaway sciety? First f all, it is nw easier t 4 an bject than t spend time and mney t repair it. 5 mdern manufacturing(制造業(yè))and technlgy, cmpanies are able t prduce prducts quickly and inexpensively. Prducts are plentiful and 6 .
Anther cause is ur 7 f dispsable(一次性的)prducts. As 8 peple, we are always lking fr 9 t save time and make ur lives easier. Cmpanies 10 thusands f different kinds f dispsable prducts: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, t name a few.
Our appetite fr new prducts als 11 t the prblem. We are 12 buying new things. Advertisements persuade us that 13 is better and that we will be happier with the latest prducts. The result is that we 14 useful pssessins t make rm fr new nes.
All arund the wrld, we can see the 15 f this thrwaway lifestyle. Muntains f rubbish just keep getting bigger. T 16 the amunt f rubbish and t prtect the 17 , mre gvernments are requiring peple t recycle materials. 18 , this is nt enugh t slve(解決)ur prblem.
Maybe there is anther way ut. We need t repair ur pssessins 19 thrwing them away. We als need t rethink ur attitudes abut 20 . Repairing ur pssessins and changing ur spending habits may be the best way t reduce the amunt f rubbish and take care f ur envirnment.
1. A. keyB. reasnC. prjectD. prblem
2. A. giftsB. rubbishC. debtD. prducts
3. A. faceB. becmeC. bserveD. change
4. A. hideB. cntrlC. replaceD. withdraw
5. A. Thanks tB.As tC. Except frD. Regardless f
6. A. safeB. funnyC. cheapD. pwerful
7. A. lveB. lackC. preventinD. divisin
8. A. sensitiveB. kindC. braveD. busy
9. A. waysB. placesC.jbsD. friends
10. A. dnateB. receiveC. prduceD. preserve
11. A. adaptsB. returnsC. respndsD. cntributes
12. A. tired fB. addicted tC. wrried abutD. ashamed fr
13. A. newerB. strngerC. higherD. larger
14. A. pick upB. pay frC. hld ntD. thrw away
15. A. advantagesB. purpsesC. functinsD. cnsequences
16. A. shwB. recrdC. decreaseD. measure
17. A. technlgyB. envirnmentC. cnsumersD. brands
18. A. HweverB. OtherwiseC. TherefreD. Meanwhile
19. A.byB.in favur fC. afterD. instead f
20. A. spendingB. cllectingC. repairingD. advertising
題組二(2017年名校模擬題)
Clze 1(2017屆河北省衡水中學(xué)高三第二次模擬考試)
Hell, Mr. Wi-Fi. Life withut yu is next t impssible. We’re happy t sing yur name frm mrning till evening, smetimes till dawn. 1 I knw yu help me, smetimes yu’re making me d things with 2 attentin. Many times I prmise myself that I’ll 3 my feelings twards yu, but yu’re 4 me clser and clser… Yu’ve entered bth my hme and my 5 . Yu’re just a windw fr ur 6 and infrmatin. But we peple aren’t 7 nly with the windw. S we pen all ur 8 fr yu. Is this a(n) 9 r sme kind f attachment? If this is an illness, is it curable? And if this is an attachment will yu 10 me t the lifelng tgetherness?
We want yu 24/7. Can’t yu take a few days ff s that bth yu and I can 11 ? Yu’re a pisn—nt a slw ne but a super 12 pisn which hlds ur mind and makes us dance 13 its tune. Nwadays yu’re s 14 that anyne can buy and make yu ur 15 . Yu’ll never be bthered abut ur health but we’ll 16 be cncerned abut yur "health". Because yu accmpany us everywhere and never let us be alne.
yu were a 17 persn made f flesh and bld(血肉之軀)wuld we lve yu the same? Yu 18 us with yur numerus talents and we even can’t get rid f yu. We’re all yur 19 . Smetimes I wnder hw peple in the previus generatins 20 , but if they did why can’t we?
1. A. Nw thatB. Only ifC. ThughD. When
2. A. praisedB. increasedC. fcusedD. divided
3. A. keep inB. bring backC. apprve fD. give up
4. A. drawingB. pushingC. frcingD. bserving
5. A. spaceB. sulC. scietyD. wrkplace
6. A. entertainmentB. argumentC. expansinD. struggle
7. A. strictB. satisfiedC. generusD. busy
8. A. thughtsB. eyesC. exitsD. drs
9. A. diseaseB. inspiratinC. rutineD. phenmenn
10.A. recmmendB. instructC. cmmitD. adapt
11. A. persistB. relaxC. prgressD. balance
12.A. rawB. ambiguusC. strngD. fast
13. A. tB. againstC. frmD. within
14. A. affrdableB. valuableC. cnventinalD. attractive
15. A. additinB. expertC. cmpaninD. instrument
16.A. smetimesB. alwaysC. neverD. seldm
17. A. selfishB. dishnestC. respnsibleD. real
18. A. cntrlB. scldC. cmfrtD. challenge
19. A. friendsB. salvesC. clleaguesD. emplyers
20. A. sufferedB. cnnectedC. survivedD. surfed
Clze 2(2017屆廣東省順德一中等六校高三第二次聯(lián)考 )
If yu assciate mdern British fictin with the cl, lnely tnes f Martin Amis and Julian Barnes, and US fictin with Jnathan Franzen’s 1 inner wrlds r Jhn Irving’s sentimentality, it seems yu have gd 2 . An analysis f the 3 texts f English-language bks ver the 4 century cncludes that, since the 1980s, wrds that 5 emtinal cntent have becme 6 mre cmmn in US bks than in British nes.
The 7 , by anthrplgist (人類學(xué)家) Albert Acerbi f the University f Bristl, UK, and his clleagues, takes advantage f Ggle’s database f mre than 5 millin digitally 8 bks frm the past several centuries. This resurce has 9 been used t examine the 10 f literary styles and trends in literary expressins f individualism.
Such 11 f the cultural infrmatin made available by new technlgies has been 12 "culturmics" (文化組學(xué)). Its 13 think that these appraches can 14 trends in scial pinins and standards f behavir that are 15 hidden within vast quantities f data.
"Language use in bks 16 what peple are talking abut and thinking abut during a 17 time, s Ggle Bks prvides a fascinating 18 int the past," says psychlgist Jean Twenge f San Dieg State University in Califrnia.
The 19 results certainly seem t shw that infrmal descriptins abut scial md are reflected in the 20 (bth fictin and nn-fictin) f the twentieth century.
1.A. independentB. emtinalC. peacefulD. autnmus
2.A. reasnB. wayC. excuseD. truth
3.A. digitizedB. translatedC. adaptedD. adpted
4.A. ldB. mdernC. frmerD. past
5.A. takeB. includeC. carryD. arrange
6.A. significantlyB. surprisinglyC. dubtfullyD. instructively
7.A. bkB. studyC. experimentD. lecture
8.A. writtenB. chsenC. scannedD. made
9.A. frmallyB. casuallyC. neverD. previusly
10.A. evlutinB. develpmentC. prgressD. revlutin
11.A. learningB. miningC. searchingD. using
12.A. regardedB. frmedC. appintedD. called
13.A. ppnentsB. wnersC. advcatesD. writers
14.A. examineB. discverC. causeD. generate
15.A. certainlyB. ftenC. alsD. therwise
16.A. suggestsB. reflectsC. explainsD. displays
17.A. particularB. differentC. hardD. pleasant
18.A. windwB. pictureC. sightD. rf
19.A. earliestB. bestC. latestD. prest
20.A. literatureB. scienceC. pliticsD. ecnmics
Passage 3(江蘇省南京市九月學(xué)情調(diào)研)
The Beginning f Drama
There are many theries abut the beginning f drama in ancient Greece. The ne mst widely accepted tday is based n the 1 that drama evlved frm ritual(宗教儀式). The argument fr this view ges as fllws. In the beginning, human beings 2 the natural frces f the wrld—even the seasnal changes—as unpredictable, and they sught thrugh varius means t 3 these unknwn and feared pwers. Thse measures which appeared t 4 the desired results were then kept and repeated until they changed int 5 rituals.
6 stries arse which explained r masked the mysteries f the rituals. As times passed, sme rituals were 7 , but the stries, later called myths, cntinued t exist and prvided material fr art and drama.
Thse wh believed that drama evlved ut f ritual als argue that thse rituals cntained the 8 f theatre because music, dance, masks, and 9 were almst always used. 10 , a suitable site had t be prvided fr perfrmances and 11 the entire cmmunity did nt participate , a(n) 12 divisin was usually made between the "area f acting and theatre in which an audience sits ". Besides, there were perfrmers, and, since cnsiderable imprtance was 13 t aviding mistakes in the practice f rituals, religius leaders usually 14 that task. Wearing masks and cstumes, they ften imitated (模仿) ther peple, animals, r supernatural beings, and mimed (用啞劇表演出) the 15 effect—success in hunt r battle, the cming rain, the revival f the Sun— 16 an actr might. Eventually such dramatic representatives were separated frm 17 activities.
Anther thery traces the theater’s rigin frm the human interest in 18 . Accrding t this view, tales abut the hunt, war r ther things are tld and gradually spread. 19 thrugh the use f actin and dialgue by a narratr and then thrugh the assumptin f each f the rles by a different persn. A clsely related thery traces theater t thse dances that are primarily gymnastic r that are 20 f animal mvements and sunds.
1.A. backgrundB. assumptinC. evidenceD. thery
2.A. viewedB. emplyedC. imaginedD. dismissed
3.A. takeB. pssessC. guaranteeD. cntrl
4.A. startB. shwC. bringD. cntinue
5.A. usualB. directC. cnvincingD. fixed
6.A. ApparentlyB. ActuallyC. EventuallyD. Naturally
7.A. spreadB. abandnedC. fllwedD. celebrated
8.A. seedB. cntentC. mythD. histry
9.A. cstumesB. rutinesC. instructinsD. perfrmances
10.A. As a resultB. In factC. On the cntraryD. In additin
11.A. whenB. althughC. unlessD. while
12.A. deepB. equalC. clearD. extra
13.A. attachedB. relatedC. cmmittedD. tied
14.A. put upB. tk upC. tk nD. put n
15.A. unexpectedB. unpredictedC. preparedD. desired
16.A. wheneverB. asC. whateverD. s
17.A. scialB. pliticalC. ecnmicD. religius
18.A. accuntsB. stry-tellingC. descriptinsD. drama-writing
19.A. at that timeB. at a timeC. at firstD. at nce
20.A. imitatinsB. creaturesC. presentatinsD. exhibitins
題組一
Clze 1
【文章大意】本文是說(shuō)明文,介紹了現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中一種新型管理理論——授權(quán)管理及其作用。
3. B 由后面的例子他們認(rèn)為如果要員工效率高,就需要給予他們不斷的監(jiān)督可知此處是舉例說(shuō)明。故B項(xiàng)正確。
4. D 根據(jù)后句可知,此處是說(shuō),他們的決定是來(lái)自上而下的,沒(méi)有任何商量的余地。故D項(xiàng)"abve上面的"正確。
5. C 根據(jù)前段可知本文討論的是管理學(xué)的理論,此處是說(shuō),不同的文化中有不同的管理人的方法。故C項(xiàng)正確。
6. B refer t提到,談到;cntribute t做貢獻(xiàn),導(dǎo)致;bject t反對(duì);apply t適用于。此處是說(shuō),亞洲人使用的是協(xié)商式的管理方法,所有人都被要求對(duì)管理的過(guò)程作出自己的貢獻(xiàn)。故B項(xiàng)正確。
7. A agreement同意;practice練習(xí),做法;electin選舉;impressin印象。此處是說(shuō),亞洲人使用協(xié)商式的管理方法,這種方法是建立在共同協(xié)商的基礎(chǔ)上的,西方人也想模仿這樣的管理方法。故A項(xiàng)正確。
8. D 根據(jù)前半句" will becme mre effective managers than men..."可知有些專家認(rèn)為女性比男性管理更高效,因?yàn)榕愿杏H和力,比男性管理人更容易與別人達(dá)成一致的目標(biāo)。故D項(xiàng)正確。
9. A 根據(jù)前句"... encurage emplyees t use their wn initiative... "(鼓勵(lì)員工使用自己的首創(chuàng)精神),也就是說(shuō)在作出決定的時(shí)候不用先請(qǐng)示上級(jí)經(jīng)理。故A項(xiàng)正確。
12. B ecnmically經(jīng)濟(jì)地;traditinally傳統(tǒng)地;inadequately不充分地;ccasinally偶爾地。根據(jù)后句Empwerment and delegatin mean new frms f management cntrl可知授權(quán)管理是一種新型的管理方法,與傳統(tǒng)的管理模式不一樣。故B項(xiàng)正確。
13. D deny否認(rèn);admit承認(rèn);assume假定,設(shè)想;ensure保證,確保。授權(quán)管理是一種新型的管理方法,省略了中央管理環(huán)節(jié),保證了整個(gè)商業(yè)計(jì)劃被采用。根據(jù)句意可知D正確。
14. A virtual虛擬的;ineffective無(wú)效果的,低效率的;day-t-day日常的;n-the-scene現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的。根據(jù)后句where teams f peple linked by e-mail and the Internet wrk n prjects frm their wn huses可知在這種新型的管理方法中,人們都是通過(guò)郵件和網(wǎng)絡(luò)聯(lián)系,說(shuō)明這是一種新型通過(guò)虛擬網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行管理的方法。故A項(xiàng)正確。
15. C pinin觀點(diǎn);risk冒險(xiǎn);perfrmance表現(xiàn);attractiveness魅力。根據(jù)后半句"in terms f what they prduce fr prjects, rather than the amunt f time they spend n them"可知我們?cè)u(píng)價(jià)員工的表現(xiàn)是根據(jù)他們的產(chǎn)品,而不是他們的工作時(shí)間。故C項(xiàng)正確。
clze 2
【文章大意】隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展,消費(fèi)產(chǎn)品比例的增加,讓越來(lái)越多的人選擇將舊了但是還能用的用品扔掉,這帶來(lái)了巨大的浪費(fèi)和嚴(yán)重的污染,作者分析了造成這種現(xiàn)象的原因,并且給出了解決問(wèn)題的方法。
1.D 根據(jù)第一段末句中的"because peple ... than ever befre"可知這里描述的是一種世界各國(guó)正在面臨的問(wèn)題(prblem)。
4.C 因?yàn)榇宋恼劶暗氖且淮涡晕锲烦涑獾纳鐣?huì)。在一次性物品充斥的社會(huì)中,和花時(shí)間與金錢修理東西相比, 更換一個(gè)東西當(dāng)然要更容易些。hide"隱藏";cntrl"控制";replace"取代";withdraw"提取"。
5.A 由于現(xiàn)代制造業(yè)和技術(shù),公司可以更快地、更加低成本地生產(chǎn)東西。thanks t"幸虧,由于"。
6.C 由上一句中的"prduce prducts quickly and inexpensively"可知,產(chǎn)品應(yīng)該是充足的和便宜的。故此空應(yīng)填cheap。
7.A 由第三段可知,人們喜愛(ài)一次性產(chǎn)品是因?yàn)樗梢怨?jié)約時(shí)間,使人們的生活更輕松。這里表明人們對(duì)一次性產(chǎn)品的喜愛(ài)是另外一個(gè)原因。preventin"預(yù)防"; divisin"分開(kāi),分隔"。
8.D 為什么要節(jié)約時(shí)間?是因?yàn)槿藗儽容^忙。busy"忙碌的",符合語(yǔ)境。
9.A 忙碌的我們總是尋找節(jié)省時(shí)間的方法,故選ways。
10.C 公司生產(chǎn)許多不同種類的一次性產(chǎn)品。根據(jù)前句的語(yǔ)境可知此處表示生產(chǎn)(prduce)一次性產(chǎn)品。 dnate"捐贈(zèng)";preserve"保護(hù)"。
11.D 由本段內(nèi)容可知,我們對(duì)新產(chǎn)品的強(qiáng)烈欲望也會(huì)引起這個(gè)問(wèn)題。adapt t"適應(yīng)";return t"返回";respnd t"對(duì)……作出反應(yīng)";cntribute t"是……的原因之一"。
12.B 根據(jù)前句"我們對(duì)新產(chǎn)品的強(qiáng)烈欲望也會(huì)引起這個(gè)問(wèn)題",以及后句中的"we will be happier with the latest prducts"推理可知此處應(yīng)選B,be addicted t"對(duì)……上癮"。
13.A 根據(jù)空后的"we will be happier with the latest prducts"可知此處表示"越新越好"。
14. D make rm fr new nes意為"為新東西騰出空間",那么如何為新東西騰出空間呢?當(dāng)然是通過(guò)thrw away"扔掉"。
15.D 根據(jù)后句"Muntains f rubbish just keep getting bigger"可知此處指的是"這種拋棄型的生活方式造 成的后果"。 advantage"優(yōu)點(diǎn)";purpse"目的";functin"功能";cnsequence"結(jié)果,后果"。
16.C 根據(jù)后文中的"mre gvernments are requiring peple t recycle materials"和文章最后一句中的" reduce the amunt f rubbish and take care f ur envirnment"可知,人們回收資源的目的是減少垃圾的
數(shù)量和保護(hù)環(huán)境。decrease"減少",符合語(yǔ)境。
17.B 參見(jiàn)上題解析。
18.A 根據(jù)下一段內(nèi)容以及空格后的"this is nt enugh t slve (解決) ur prblem"推理可知空格前后應(yīng)為 轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,故選擇Hwever。
19.D 維修東西和扔掉它們是對(duì)立的概念,因此選擇instead f"而不是"。in favur f"支持"。
20.A 根據(jù)前句中的"t repair ur pssessins 19 thrwing them away"以及后句中的"Repairing ur
pssessins and changing ur spending habits..." 可知選A。
題組二
Clze 1
【文章大意】本文介紹的是作者和其他人對(duì)Wi-Fi的依賴,沒(méi)有Wi-Fi的生活幾乎不可能,大家都成了Wi-Fi的奴隸。最后作者反思如果先輩們沒(méi)有做到Wi-Fi也能生存,我們?yōu)槭裁床恍校?br>3.A 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。keep in抑制;bring back帶回來(lái);apprve f贊成;give up放棄。句意:很多次我向自己許諾要抑制對(duì)你的感情,但你卻正把我拉得越來(lái)越近…… 根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)選A。
4.A 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。drawing拉,畫(huà);pushing推;frcing強(qiáng)迫,迫使;bserving觀察。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)選A。
5.D 【解析】考查名詞。space空間,太空;sul靈魂;sciety社會(huì);wrkplace工作場(chǎng)所,車間。句意:你已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了我家和我的工作場(chǎng)所。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)選D。
6.A 【解析】考查名詞。entertainment娛樂(lè),款待;argument爭(zhēng)論,expansin擴(kuò)展;struggle努力,掙扎。句意:你只是我們獲得娛樂(lè)和信息的窗口。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)選A。
7.B 【解析】考查形容詞。strict嚴(yán)格的;satisfied滿意的;generus慷慨的;busy忙碌的。句意:但是我們這些人對(duì)僅僅這個(gè)窗口并不滿意。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)選B。
8.D 【解析】考查名詞。thughts想法;eyes眼睛;exits出口;drs門。句意:所以我們?yōu)槟愦蜷_(kāi)了所有的門。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)選D。
9.A 【解析】考查名詞。disease疾?。籭nspiratin激勵(lì),靈感;rutine常規(guī),慣例;phenmenn現(xiàn)象。根據(jù)下文"If this is an illness,"可知此處句意為"這是一種疾病還是某種依戀?"根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)選A。
10.C 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。recmmend推薦,建議;instruct指示;cmmit承諾;adapt適應(yīng),改編。句意:如果這是一種依戀,你會(huì)向我承諾終生在一起嗎?根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)選C。
11.B 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。persist堅(jiān)持;relax放松;prgress進(jìn)步;balance平衡。句意:難道你不能休幾天假以便于你和我都可以放松一下嗎?根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)選B。
13.A 【解析】考查介詞。t根據(jù),跟著;against反對(duì),違背;frm從;within在……內(nèi)。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)選A。dance t跟著……跳舞。
14.A 【解析】考查形容詞。affrdable買得起的;valuable有價(jià)值的;cnventinal傳統(tǒng)的;attractive有吸引力的。根據(jù)下文的"…that anyne can buy"可知此處應(yīng)選"買得起的",故選A。
15.C 【解析】考查名詞。additin增加,添加;expert專家; cmpanin伙伴,同伴;instrument器械。根據(jù)上文可知此處表示"使你成為我們的伙伴,故選C。
16.B 【解析】考查副詞。smetimes有時(shí);always總是,一直;never從不;seldm很少。句意:你從不為我們的健康擔(dān)心,但是我們卻一直關(guān)心你的健康。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)選B。
17.D 【解析】考查形容詞。selfish自私的;dishnest不誠(chéng)實(shí)的;respnsible負(fù)責(zé)的;real真實(shí)的,真正的。句意:如果你是一個(gè)血肉之軀的真正的人,我們會(huì)一樣愛(ài)你嗎?根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)選D。
18.A 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。cntrl控制;scld責(zé)罵;cmfrt安慰;challenge挑戰(zhàn)。句意:你用你數(shù)不清的才能控制我們,我們甚至無(wú)法擺脫你。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)選A。
19.B 【解析】考查名詞。friends朋友;salves奴隸;clleagues同事;emplyers雇主。句意:我們都是你的奴隸。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)選B。
20.C 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。suffered遭受;cnnected聯(lián)系;survived存活,幸存; surfed沖浪。句意:有時(shí)我想知道先輩們是如何生存的,但是如果他們做到了,我們?yōu)槭裁床恍??根?jù)句意可知應(yīng)選C。
Clze 2
【文章大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文,主要介紹了最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)谷歌圖書(shū)搜索能夠反映出不同時(shí)期社會(huì)觀點(diǎn)的行為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的趨勢(shì)的變化。
1.B 【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)本空后的"r Jhn Irving’s sentimentality"可知,此處是說(shuō)Jnathan Franzen的內(nèi)心的情感(emtinal)世界,故B項(xiàng)正確。
2.A 【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)本空后的"An analysis…"可知,此處是說(shuō)你似乎有一個(gè)好的理由(reasn),故A項(xiàng)正確。
3.A 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)下文中的"digitally"可知,此處是說(shuō)一個(gè)關(guān)于數(shù)字化的(digitize)英語(yǔ)課本的分析,故A項(xiàng)正確。
4.D 【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)本空后的"since the 1980s"可知,此處是說(shuō)過(guò)去的(past)一個(gè)世紀(jì),故D項(xiàng)正確。
7.B 【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)上文中的"An analysis"可知,此處指的是這項(xiàng)研究(study),故B項(xiàng)正確。
8.C 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)本空前的"takes advantage f Ggle’s database f mre than 5 millin digitally"可知,利用谷歌數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中數(shù)字掃描(scan)過(guò)的書(shū)本,故C項(xiàng)正確。
9.D 【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)本空后的"been used t examine"可知,這個(gè)資源早先(previusly)被用于……,故D項(xiàng)正確。
10.A 【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)本空后的"f literary styles and trends in literary expressins f individualism. "可知,這個(gè)資源早先被用于檢測(cè)文學(xué)風(fēng)格與趨勢(shì)在個(gè)人主義表達(dá)上的演變(evlutin),故A項(xiàng)正確。
11.B 【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)本空后的"f the cultural infrmatin made available by new technlgies"可知,此處是說(shuō)文學(xué)信息方面如此的挖掘(mining),故B項(xiàng)正確。
12.D 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)本空后的"culturmics"可知,這種新技術(shù)被稱為(call)文化組學(xué),故D項(xiàng)正確。
13.C 【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)本空后的"think that these appraches"可知,此處指的是這種新技術(shù)的提倡者(advcate),故C項(xiàng)正確。
14.B 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)本空后的"trends in scial pinins and standards f behavir"可知,種新技術(shù)的提倡者認(rèn)為它能發(fā)現(xiàn)(discver)社會(huì)觀點(diǎn)和行為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的趨勢(shì),故B項(xiàng)正確。
15.D 【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)本空后的"hidden within vast quantities f data"可知,此處是說(shuō)在其他方面(therwise)隱藏在巨大的數(shù)據(jù)量之內(nèi)的社會(huì)觀點(diǎn)和行為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的趨勢(shì),故D項(xiàng)正確。
16.B 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)本空后的"what peple are talking abut and thinking abut"可知,書(shū)本中的語(yǔ)言能夠反映出(reflect)人們的所說(shuō)所想,故B項(xiàng)正確。
17.A 【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)本空前的"what peple are talking abut and thinking abut during a"可知,書(shū)本中的語(yǔ)言能夠反映出人們?cè)谝欢翁貏e(particular)時(shí)間的所說(shuō)所想,故A項(xiàng)正確。
18.A 【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)本空后的"int the past"可知,所以谷歌圖書(shū)搜索提供了一扇回望過(guò)去的窗戶(windw),故A項(xiàng)正確。
Clze 3
【文章大意】文章介紹了關(guān)于古希臘戲劇的起源。
1.B 【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。backgrund"背景";assumptin"假定,假設(shè)";evidence"證據(jù)";thery"理論"。句意:關(guān)于古希臘戲劇的開(kāi)始有許多理論。其中一個(gè)最普遍為人接受的假設(shè)認(rèn)為戲劇是從宗教儀式演化而來(lái)。故選B。
2.A 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。view"考慮,認(rèn)為";emply"雇傭";imagine"想象";dismiss"解散,解雇"。句意:人類認(rèn)為世界的自然力量,甚至季節(jié)性變化,是不可預(yù)測(cè)的,他們?cè)噲D通過(guò)各種方式去控制這些未知的、令人恐懼的力量。故選A。
3.D 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。take"拿,占";pssess"擁有";guarantee"保證";cntrl"控制"。參看上一題解析。故選D。
4.C 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。start"開(kāi)始";shw"展示";bring"帶來(lái)";cntinue"繼續(xù)"。句意:這些措施似乎帶來(lái)了預(yù)期的效果,然后得到不斷重復(fù),直到它們變成了固定的儀式。故選C。
5.D 【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。usual"通常,經(jīng)常";direct"徑直的";cnvincing"令人信服的,有說(shuō)服力的";fixed"固定的"。參看上一題解析。故選D。
6.C 【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。apparently"明顯的";actually"事實(shí)上";eventually"最后地";naturally"自然地"。句意:最后解釋或掩蓋神秘的儀式的故事出現(xiàn)了。故選C。
7.B 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。spread"傳播";abandn"放棄";fllw"跟著";celebrate"慶祝"。句意:隨著時(shí)間的流逝,一些儀式被拋棄,但這些故事,后來(lái)被稱為神話,繼續(xù)存在,并給藝術(shù)和戲劇提供了材料。故選B。
8.A 【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。seed"種子";cntent"內(nèi)容";myth"神話,虛構(gòu)的人";histry"歷史"。句意:那些認(rèn)為戲劇從儀式演化而來(lái)的人還認(rèn)為,這些儀式包含了戲劇的萌芽,因?yàn)槭褂昧艘魳?lè)、舞蹈、面具和服裝。故選A。
9.A 【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。cstume"服裝";rutine"程序,日常工作";instructin"指令,命令";perfrmance"表現(xiàn),表演"。參看上一題解析。故選A。
10.D 【解析】考查短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。as a result"因此";in fact"事實(shí)上";n the cntrary"相反";in additin"另外"。根據(jù)下文"besides"提示可知,此處表示遞進(jìn)。故選D。
12.C 【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。deep"深的";equal"平等";clear"清楚的";extra"額外的"。參看上一題解析。故選C。
13.A 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。be attached t"附屬于";be related t"與……有聯(lián)系";be cmmitted t"獻(xiàn)身于,致力于";be tied t"束縛于,捆綁于"。句意:此外,還有演員,而且因?yàn)楸苊庠趦x式出錯(cuò)相當(dāng)重要,宗教領(lǐng)袖通常承擔(dān)那項(xiàng)任務(wù)。故選A。
14.C 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。put up"張貼,舉起";take up"占據(jù),從事";take n"呈現(xiàn),承擔(dān)";put n"穿上"。參看上一題解析。故選C。
15.D 【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。unexpected"意外的";unpredicted"未預(yù)測(cè)到的";prepared"準(zhǔn)備好的";desired"渴望的,想得到的"。句意:戴著面具,穿著各種服裝,他們經(jīng)常模仿其他人、物、或超自然的生靈,還用動(dòng)作表演來(lái)表現(xiàn)出想要得到的效果——打獵或戰(zhàn)斗的勝利,即將到來(lái)的雨,太陽(yáng)的升起——就像演員做得一樣。故選D。
16.B 【解析】考查連詞。whenever"無(wú)論什么時(shí)候";as"像……一樣";whatever"無(wú)論什么";s"因此"。參看上一題解析。故選B。
17.D 【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。scial"社會(huì)的,社會(huì)上的,交際的,社交的";plitical"政治的";ecnmic"經(jīng)濟(jì)的";religius"宗教的"。根據(jù)上文提示可知,后來(lái),這種戲劇性的表演與宗教活動(dòng)分離了。故選D。
18.B 【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。accunt"賬,賬目,存款,記錄";stry-telling"講故事";descriptin"描述";drama-writing"寫(xiě)戲?。ⅰ8鶕?jù)下一句話中"tales abut the hunt, war r ther things are tld"提示可知,另一種理論認(rèn)為,戲劇的起源來(lái)自人類對(duì)講故事的興趣。故選B。
19.C【解析】考查短語(yǔ)辨析。at that time"在那時(shí)";at a time"一次";at first"首先,開(kāi)始時(shí),起初";at nce"立刻"。根據(jù)本句中"then"提示可知,首先,講述者通過(guò)動(dòng)作和語(yǔ)言,然后…… 故選C。
20.A 【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。imitatin"模仿";creature"生物";presentatin"呈現(xiàn),表現(xiàn),展示";

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