【考點(diǎn)解讀】
在一篇約200詞左右的短文中留出10個空白,部分空白后面給出單詞的基本形式,要求考生根據(jù)上下文在空白處填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或所給單詞的正確形式。
語法填空則更側(cè)重考查考生語法和詞匯在語境中的運(yùn)用,強(qiáng)調(diào)詞匯的變形。同時強(qiáng)調(diào)語篇分析能力,凸顯交際性和語境化特征。
【考點(diǎn)統(tǒng)計(jì)】
2016—2018年高考新課標(biāo)全國卷語法填空考點(diǎn)統(tǒng)計(jì)
作為高考新題型的語法填空試題,近年高考英語該題型具有下面這些特點(diǎn):文章以記敘文和說明文為主,文章長度控制在190~220詞,10道題中,有6~7個試題給出提示詞,要求考生;考查的要點(diǎn)分為詞法和語法兩部分,詞法部分包括:1)詞類的轉(zhuǎn)換,結(jié)合語境考查給出的提示詞的名詞、形容詞或副詞變化;2)介詞的固定搭配,名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式及運(yùn)用;語法部分包括:時態(tài)和語態(tài)的綜合運(yùn)用,非謂語動詞,各種從句等。
從近年課標(biāo)卷的語法填空試題看,給出提示詞的考點(diǎn)主要包括:詞類的轉(zhuǎn)換(名詞與動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換,形容詞與副詞的轉(zhuǎn)換);形容詞比較級與最高級的變化;名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的變化;動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)、情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣、謂語動詞與非謂語動詞的變化等。給出提示詞考點(diǎn)多為實(shí)詞,所填寫的詞匯根據(jù)語境和短文或?qū)υ拑?nèi)容可以是1~3個單詞。挖空分布均勻,考點(diǎn)的安排注重多樣化。不給提示詞的考點(diǎn)主要包括:連詞(并列連詞和從屬連詞)、介詞(動詞與介詞的搭配、介詞與名詞的搭配、代詞和冠詞等。
【解題技巧】
第一部分 有提示詞題目的解題技巧
有提示詞題目是指"使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空"這類題,近年來的高考題只考查謂語動詞的時態(tài)和被動語態(tài)、非謂語動詞、形容詞和副詞的比較級、詞類轉(zhuǎn)化等四種情況。
專題一 謂語動詞
【考點(diǎn)】
【解題技巧】
當(dāng)句子缺少謂語動詞時, 括號中的動詞就是謂語動詞。此時,要根據(jù)語境確定用哪種時態(tài),根據(jù)主語與該動詞的主動或被動關(guān)系確定用主動語態(tài)還是用被動語態(tài)。具體解題技巧如下:
第一步:確定句中是否缺謂語或并列謂語,如缺謂語動詞,則填謂語動詞。
第二步:若為謂語動詞,就要看主語與謂語之間是主動關(guān)系還是被動關(guān)系,以確定用主動語態(tài)還是被動語態(tài),同時還要根據(jù)語境考慮用哪種時態(tài)。
第三步:要注意主謂一致。
1.He ______(pretend) that a tiger ty was real and giving it a vice.
【解析】在主語He后, pretend顯然是謂語動詞;giving it(the tiger)a vice的主語應(yīng)當(dāng)是He, 因此, and giving與謂語動詞是并列關(guān)系;由此推斷,謂語動詞應(yīng)是過去進(jìn)行時,故填was pretending。
【答案】was pretending
2.One day, Nick invited his friends t supper. He was cking sme delicius fd in the kitchen. Suddenly, he ________ (find) that he had run ut f salt.
【解析】在主語he后,find顯然為謂語動詞;由前面句意可知,此處為一般過去時,故填fund。
【答案】fund
3. I was n my way t the Taiyets Muntains. The sun was setting when my car ________(break) dwn near a remte village.
【答案】brke
專題二 非謂語動詞
【考點(diǎn)】
【解題技巧】
當(dāng)句中已有謂語動詞又沒有并列連詞與括號中的動詞并列,該動詞就是非謂語動詞。
此時,就要根據(jù)非謂語動詞的用法確定用具體的某種形式。如作主語或賓語,就用動名詞 (表一般意義)或不定式形式(表具體意義);作目的狀語或在形容詞后作狀語,用不定式;作伴隨狀語或作定語,要根據(jù)與邏輯主語的關(guān)系,用現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞;有時也要根據(jù)句式搭配來確定,如see/hear/ ntice sb.d/ding sth., sth.等。具體解題技巧如下:
第一步:若句中已有謂語,也不是作并列謂語時,應(yīng)為非謂語動詞。
第二步:根據(jù)非謂語動詞在句中所作句子成分、句式的特殊要求,或某些詞語的特殊要求,確定用哪種非謂語動詞形式。如作目的狀語一般用不定式形式,作主語或賓語用-ing形式或不定式,在enjy, finish等動詞后作賓語用-ing形式,在decide, refuse等動詞后作賓語要用不定式形式等等。
第三步:確定非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語是主動還是被動關(guān)系。
第四步:根據(jù)非謂語動詞的動作與謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生的先后關(guān)系確定用一般式還是用完成式。
1.I nticed a man ________ (sit) at the frnt.
【答案】sitting
2."In the beginning, there was nly a very small amunt f unfairness in the wrld, but everyne added a little, always________(think) that it was nly small and nt very imprtant, and lk where we have ended up tday."
【解析】此句已有謂語added,并且沒有并列連詞,又因?yàn)閑veryne與think為主動關(guān)系,故用thinking作added的伴隨狀語。
【答案】thinking
3.While she was getting me ________(settle) int a tiny but clean rm, the head f the village was tying up his hrse t my car...
【解析】由settle sb. int...(使某人舒服地處于某處)可知,me與settle是被動關(guān)系,要用過去分詞作賓補(bǔ),故填settled,構(gòu)成"get+賓語+過去分詞"結(jié)構(gòu)。句中g(shù)etting me settled int...的意思是"安排我住進(jìn)……"。
【答案】settled
專題三 形容詞和副詞的比較級或最高級
【考點(diǎn)】
形容詞作定語,形容詞和副詞的比較等級或最高級,詞義比較等。
【解題技巧】
當(dāng)括號中所給詞是形容詞或副詞,且空格處需要的仍是形容詞或副詞時,要根據(jù)語境,理解句意,若該詞意思不變,邏輯上講得通,就很可能填該詞的比較級(或最高級);若需要用與該詞意義相反的詞邏輯才通順的,就要在該詞前加表示否定或相反意義的前綴。注意:要善于分析語境,辨別省略了than...的隱性比較級。具體解題技巧如下:
第一步:分析結(jié)構(gòu),確定所給詞在句子中作定語還是狀語。
第二步:根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)、語境或句子意義確定是填比較級還是最高級。
1.The water was simply the cntainer fr an act f kindness and lve. Nthing culd be ________(sweet).
【解析】用nthing 與an act f kindness and lve 相對比,這里是用比較級的否定形式表示最高級。
【答案】sweeter
2. If he thught he culd escape attentin by sitting at the back, he was wrng. It might have made it a little______ (hard) fr everybdy because it meant they had t turn arund, but that didn’t stp the kids in the class.
【答案】harder
3.He was very tired after ding this fr a whle day, but he felt very happy since the crp did "grw" ________(high).
【解析】此處grw表示becme,為系動詞,系動詞后應(yīng)用形容詞作表語,而high本身就是形容詞,無需作詞類轉(zhuǎn)換;由語境可知,比拔苗前"更高了",故用high的比較級higher。
【答案】higher
專題四 詞類轉(zhuǎn)換
【考點(diǎn)】詞類轉(zhuǎn)換多以派生詞變化為主:
【解題技巧】
當(dāng)空格處所需詞類與括號中所給詞的詞類不同時,就需要詞類轉(zhuǎn)化。我們可據(jù)以下3條規(guī)則順利解題:
(1)作主語或賓語用名詞形式;(2)作定語、表語或補(bǔ)足語用形容詞形式;(3)修飾動詞、形容詞或另一副詞,作狀語,用副詞形式。具體解題技巧如下:
第一步:分析結(jié)構(gòu),確定要填的詞在句中充當(dāng)哪種句子成分。在名詞前作定語、在系動詞后作表語、作主語和賓語的補(bǔ)足語,一般要用形容詞;修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞,或修飾整個句子,作狀語,用副詞;作主語或賓語用名詞,或者在冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格后,用名詞。
第二步:根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法將括號中的詞變成所需要的詞類。
注意:
1. 有時不但要注意詞性轉(zhuǎn)換,而且還要考慮用表示相反意義的前綴或后綴, 其邏輯意義才通順;
2. 當(dāng)所給詞的詞性與空格處所需詞的詞性相同時, 無需改變詞性, 就可能是加只改變詞義但不改變詞性的前綴了。
1.Fr sme reasn he sat beside Mary. Mary felt__________(please), because there were many empty seats in the rm.
【解析】felt為連系動詞,后面要接形容詞或分詞作其表語,因此變成形容詞性分詞pleased。
【答案】pleased
2. Jane knew frm past experience that her________(chse) f ties hardly ever pleased her father.
【答案】chice
3. He failed his maths examinatin because f his________(care) wrk.
【解析】在名詞前作定語, 要用形容詞; 由failed...可知, 要填表示否定意義的careless(粗心大意的), 意義才通順。
【答案】careless
4.In Alaska, the wlf almst ________(appear) a few years ag, because hunters were killing hundreds f them fr sprt.
【答案】disappear
第二部分 無提示詞題目的解題技巧
無提示詞題目指的是"在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)"這類題,五年來,這類題只考代詞、冠詞、關(guān)聯(lián)詞和介詞。那么什么情況下填代詞?何時填冠詞?何時填關(guān)聯(lián)詞? 何時填介詞呢?
專題一 代詞
【考點(diǎn)】不定代詞、指示代詞和替代詞的用法,it 的用法和人稱代詞的主格和賓格。
【解題技巧】
當(dāng)句子缺主語或賓語時,填代詞:人稱代詞主格和賓格、指示代詞或it。因?yàn)槌洚?dāng)主語或賓語的應(yīng)是名詞或代詞,而在語法填空的純空格中一般是不要求考生填名詞的,所以只要句子缺主語或賓語,就填代詞。此時,要根據(jù)前后語境,看該空格是指人還是事物,指男還是指女,是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。除人稱代詞外,也有可能是填不定代詞等。還有可能是填作形式主語或形式賓語的it,替代后面作真正的主語或賓語的不定式、動名詞或從句。解題技巧如下:
第一步:分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)。若句子缺主語,則要填代詞主格、指示代詞、不定代詞或it;若動詞或介詞后面缺賓語,則要填代詞的賓格、指示代詞、不定代詞或it。如果該賓格與主語是同一人,應(yīng)用反身代詞。
第二步:理解句子意思。根據(jù)各個代詞的意義和用法,以及句子所需的意義,填入合適的代詞。
1.Behind him were ther peple t whm he was trying t talk, but after sme minutes ________ walked away and sat near me, lking annyed.
【答案】they
2. I rse frm my seat I sat next t the man and intrduced myself. We had an amazing cnversatin. He gt ff the bus befre me and I felt very happy the rest f the way hme. I’m glad I made a chice. It made ______ f us feel gd.
【解析】此處作made的賓語,用代詞,由上文"We (I and the mentally disabled man) had an amazing cnversatin"可知,指作者和那個智障人,故填bth。
【答案】bth
3."D yu need thse glasses fr medical reasns?" he tk________ ff, gave a big smile and said,
"That is cl."
【解析】空格處于動詞tk和介詞ff之間,該處缺賓語,指代前面的glasses。
【答案】them
專題二 限定詞
【考點(diǎn)】冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞或作定語用的不定代詞:
【解題技巧】
在作主語、賓語或表語的名詞或"形容詞+名詞"前,一般要用限定詞。
限定詞是指冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞,或可以作定語的不定代詞等。此時,要根據(jù)句子的意思來確定空格的語境意義,由此來判斷具體填什么詞。如表示特指,大體相當(dāng)于"這、這些、那、那些"時用the;表示"一(個、本、座……)"時用不定冠詞a或an;表示"某人的",用物主代詞;表示"一些"用sme,表示"另一個"用anther,表示"其他的"用ther等。解題技巧如下:
第一步:分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)。若空格后的名詞或者"形容詞+名詞"前沒有形容詞性物主代詞、不定代詞、冠詞等限定詞時,很可能是填限定詞。
第二步:理解句子意思。根據(jù)所需意義選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)南薅ㄕZ,如需"一(個、座、次……)"填不定冠詞,需
"某人的"填物主代詞,需"其它的"填ther。
1. I sat next t the man and intrduced myself. We had_________ amazing cnversatin.
【答案】an
2. But she quickly realized that it wasn’t her, it was prbably the fact that she sat in ________ last rw.
【解析】last rw為"形容詞+名詞"前沒有限定詞,根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該填限定詞,the last...為固定搭配。
【答案】the
3. The head f the village was tying up his hrse t my car t pull it t ________small twn sme 20 kilmetres away where there was a garage.
【答案】a
專題三 介詞
【考點(diǎn)】
【解題技巧】
當(dāng)空格后的名詞、代詞或動名詞不是作主語、表語,也不是作動詞的賓語時,填介詞。因?yàn)槊~和代詞最典型的用法是作主語或賓語,既然不作主語和動詞的賓語,就應(yīng)是作介詞的賓語了,所以要填介詞。具體填什么介詞,由介詞與該名詞的搭配及其意義來決定,也可能是由動詞或謂語與介詞的句式搭配來決定。具體解題技巧如下:
第一步:若空格后是名詞、代詞、動名詞或what從句,且他們不是作主語或作動詞的賓語時,很可能就是填介詞。
第二步:根據(jù)具體的語境或空格所在的句子意思來確定填哪個介詞。
1. I didn’t want t be laughed at fr talking t him but I didn’t like leaving him ________his wn either.
【解析】his wn在句中不作主語, 也不作動詞的賓語,就應(yīng)是作介詞的賓語,空格處應(yīng)填介詞;n ne’s wn(=alne)是固定搭配,所以填n。
【答案】n
2. The new by lked at the teacher _______ a few secnds and all the ther students wndered what the by wuld d.
【答案】fr
3. The nly reasn a man wuld sell sale________ a lwer price wuld be because he wait desperate fr mney.
【解析】名詞a lw price 在句中不作主語,也不作動詞的賓語,應(yīng)為介詞的賓語,根據(jù)習(xí)慣搭配可知,用介詞at。
【答案】at
專題四 關(guān)聯(lián)詞
【考點(diǎn)】
【解題技巧】
當(dāng)空格前后都是句子(一個主謂關(guān)系算一個句子),且這兩個句子之間沒有關(guān)聯(lián)詞時,填關(guān)聯(lián)詞;若并列的兩個或幾個單詞或短語之間沒有連詞,填表示聯(lián)合、選擇、轉(zhuǎn)折等意義的連詞(and/but/s/r);從屬句間常依據(jù)句子的屬性是名詞性從句、形容詞性從句還是副詞性從句來確定其關(guān)聯(lián)詞。具體解題技巧如下:
第一步:分析結(jié)構(gòu),若兩個句子(有兩個主謂結(jié)構(gòu))之間,沒有句號或分號,也沒有連接詞,空格必填連接詞(此處的連接詞包括并列連詞,如:and, but, r, while, s, fr等;引導(dǎo)狀語從句的從屬連詞;引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞;引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接代詞、連接副詞和連詞that, if, whether)。
第二步:根據(jù)兩句之間的意義和邏輯關(guān)系,或根據(jù)句式結(jié)構(gòu)來確定是并列結(jié)構(gòu)還是某種主從復(fù)合句。
第三步:若是主從復(fù)合句,要根據(jù)從句的特點(diǎn),結(jié)合連詞的意義和作用,確定填具體的某個連接詞。
1. Behind him were ther peple t ________ he was trying t talk,...
【答案】whm
2. _______ he thught he culd escape attentin by sitting at the back, he was wrng.
【解析】該處為兩個簡單句,應(yīng)填關(guān)聯(lián)詞,根據(jù)句意可知為讓步關(guān)系。
【答案】Thugh/ Althugh
3.The new by lked at the teacher fr a few secnds and all the ther students wndered _________ the by wuld d.
【解析】空格前后都是句子且這兩個句子之間沒有關(guān)聯(lián)詞, 應(yīng)填關(guān)聯(lián)詞;該處缺賓語,what引導(dǎo)賓語從句。
【答案】what
專題五 情態(tài)動詞和助動詞
【考點(diǎn)】
【解題技巧】
1.若句子結(jié)構(gòu)較完整,空格后的謂語動詞是原形,特別是與上下文時態(tài)不一致或主謂不一致時,很可能是填情態(tài)動詞,或強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語的d, des, did, 或構(gòu)成部分倒裝的助動詞d,des,did等;
2.還要注意有可能是部分倒裝,填助動詞have,has,had與主語后的過去分詞以構(gòu)成完成時;
3.填it或that,以構(gòu)成it is/ 這個強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。
1. Listen t these wrds frm Darwin P.Kingsley: "Yu have pwers yu never dreamed f. Yu can d things yu never thught yu ________d. There are n limitatins in what yu can d except the limitatins f yur wn mind."
【答案】culd
2. I explained that while I didn’t carry any cash, I________ happen t have a new blanket, and asked him if he culd use it. He was thrilled.
【解析】因謂語動詞happen是原形,而前后語境的謂語動詞都是過去式,時態(tài)不一致,所以此處應(yīng)填情態(tài)動詞或助動詞;由句意"我解釋說, 雖然我沒有帶現(xiàn)金, 但我的確恰好有一張新毯子", 故填助動詞did,對謂語動詞進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。
【答案】did
第三部分 特殊句式及固定搭配
專題一 特殊句式
考點(diǎn)一 倒裝句
1.在英語中,把謂語全部放在主語之前的倒裝句,稱為完全倒裝句。常見的完全倒裝句有以下幾種:
①在there引導(dǎo)的句子中,謂語是be, exist, live, lie等表示狀態(tài)的動詞時,用完全倒裝句。
②地點(diǎn)狀語位于句首,主語為名詞且謂語為不及物動詞時,用完全倒裝句。
③作表語的形容詞、分詞或介詞短語置于句首時,用完全倒裝句。
④表示地點(diǎn)和動作轉(zhuǎn)移的副詞,如:here, there, up, dwn, in, away, ut等置于句首且主語是名詞時,句子用完全倒裝。
注意:當(dāng)主語是代詞時,不倒裝。如:
?Here cmes the bus./Here it cmes.
2.在英語中,把助動詞、情態(tài)動詞或be動詞移到主語之前稱為部分倒裝。常見的部分倒裝句有以下幾種:
①當(dāng)s/neither/nr位于句首時,可將其后的部分謂語置于主語之前,構(gòu)成部分倒裝。
②"nly+狀語/狀語從句"位于句首時,主句中的主語和謂語要部分倒裝。
③表示否定意義的副詞或介詞短語放在句首時要部分倒裝。此類副詞或介詞短語主要有nt, little, hardly, never, by n means, n n cnditin, in n case, nwhere, seldm, nr等。
④在含有had/were/shuld的虛擬條件句中,可以省略if,將 had/were/shuld放在主語之前,構(gòu)成部分倒裝。
⑤, n , nt als...等引導(dǎo)兩個分句,且hardly, n sner, nt nly等提到句首時,前一個分句用部分倒裝,后一個分句不變。
⑥在句式中,如果s引導(dǎo)的部分位于句首,主句中的主語和謂語需要部分倒裝。
⑦as/thugh引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中,將表語置于句首構(gòu)成部分倒裝。
Only when he reached the tea-huse _______he realize it was the same place he’d been in last year.
【答案】did
考點(diǎn)二 強(qiáng)調(diào)句
強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/wh...。在這個句型中,it沒有詞匯意義,只是引出被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分。如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分是表示人的詞,用wh或that來連接都可以。如果是其他成分,則一律用that來連接。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分錯綜復(fù)雜,容易與其他從句混淆。區(qū)分的方法是把句中的It is/was和that/wh去掉,如果句子成立,且句意通順,就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,否則就不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。如:It is Jane that/wh has been living in Lndn since she left China.去掉It is和that/wh,還原為Jane has been living in Lndn since she left China.作為句子完全成立,由此可以判斷該句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。
使用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的幾個注意事項(xiàng):
(1)被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分是主語,wh/that之后的謂語動詞應(yīng)該在人稱和數(shù)上與原句中的主語保持一致。
?It is I wh am right. 對的是我。
? It is he wh is wrng.錯的是他。
? It is the students wh are lvely.可愛的是學(xué)生們。
(2)被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分即使是在句子中作時間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語、原因狀語等,也不能用when, where, because,而要用that。
?It was after the war was ver that Einstein was able t cme back t his research wrk again.正是在戰(zhàn)后愛因斯坦才得以重返研究工作。
?It was in frnt f the bank that the lady was rbbed.那位女士是在銀行前面遭遇搶劫的。
?It was because f the heavy rain that he came late.他是因?yàn)橄麓笥陙硗淼摹?
(3)被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分是作主語的代詞時用主格,是作賓語的代詞時用賓格。It was he that helped me yesterday.昨天是他幫助了我。
?It was me that he helped yesterday. 他昨天幫助的是我。
(4)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分既包括人又包括物,用that不用wh。
?It was the things and peple that they remembered that they were talking abut.他們談?wù)摰氖撬麄冇浀玫娜撕褪隆?br>【易混易錯】
強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與主語從句、狀語從句、定語從句的區(qū)別
1.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與主語從句的比較
強(qiáng)調(diào)句型將句子中的it is/was與that/wh同時省去,句子仍然成立;而包含主語從句的句子用that從句代替it,句子成立。如:
?It was Li Lei’s brther that yu met in the street yesterday.你昨天在街上遇到的是李雷的哥哥。
(本句若將It was 及that同時省去為:Yu met Li Lei’s brther in the street yesterday.句子同樣成立,因此本句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。)
?It is exciting that we have succeeded in sending up Shenzhu = 10 \* ROMAN X.我們成功地發(fā)射了神舟十號這件事情真令人興奮。(本句若將It is 及that同時省去為:We have succeeded exciting in sending up Shenzhu = 10 \* ROMAN X.顯然句子錯誤,因此,本句不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,that引導(dǎo)主語從句,it是形式主語。)
2.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與定語從句的比較
強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的it沒有實(shí)際意義,it is/was與that/wh去掉后句子結(jié)構(gòu)仍然完整。但定語從句中的it be和作主語的that去掉后句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整。
3.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與狀語從句的比較
強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的it is/was與that/wh同時省去,句子仍然成立;而包含狀語從句的句子it是主語。如:
?It was 8 ’clck when they went hme.他們回家時是8點(diǎn)。
(句中代詞it作主語,指代時間,when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句)
?It was at 8 ’clck that they went hme.他們是在8點(diǎn)回家的。
(本句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,at 8 ’clck是被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分)
It was nt until near the end f the letter _______ she mentined her wn plan.
【答案】that
考點(diǎn)三 祈使句
________(knck) at the dr befre yu enter my rm, please.
【解析】分析句子成分可知,空格前沒有主語,后面有befre引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句,由此可判斷,此處構(gòu)成祈使句,所以填knck。
【答案】Knck
專題二 固定搭配
考點(diǎn)1 常見詞組
as a matter f fact;be prud f; by the way;cme frm;accrding t;;;earn ne’s living;keep ne’s wrd; make up ne’s mind; be cncerned abut...;catch up with...; keep an eye n...;cncentrate n...等。
考點(diǎn)2 特殊固定用法
sth.; ding...;like ding...;need ding; feel like ding; get sth. dne; have sth. dne;have sb. ding/d sth.;enjy ding; succeed in ding等。
考點(diǎn)3 常用句型
It is...(fr sb./f sb.) t d sth.
There is n dubt/need that...
There is n sense in ding sth.
It’s ( high) time that sb. did/shuld d sth.
It is n gd/use ding sth.
nt als...
It is/was the first (secnd) time that sb. has dne/had dne sth.
It is n wnder that...
特殊句型結(jié)構(gòu)及固定搭配在語法填空中主要考查對其掌握的熟悉程度,所以我們要善于積累,牢記固定搭配和特殊句型,答題時注意固定搭配的介詞、名詞、動詞的形式和特殊句型的形式主語、連接詞及相應(yīng)時態(tài)的運(yùn)用等。
代詞it在特殊句型中非常活躍,所以考生需要特別注意包含it的常用句型:
1.用在動詞 like, lve, dislike, hate, appreciate等后作賓語。如:
?I hate it when peple talk with their muths full.我討厭人們滿嘴食物說話。
2.作形式主語或形式賓語
①用于"It is+adj./n.+不定式或動詞-ing形式或that從句"中。如:
?It is certain that he will succeed.他一定會成功。
②用于"It seems/appears/happens/ccurs t sb.+that 從句"中。如:
?It ccurred t me that I shuld ask the plice fr help.我突然想起我應(yīng)該向警方求助。
③用于"It lks as if/as thugh..."中。如:
?It lks as if we’re ging t miss the plane.似乎我們要誤了班機(jī)了。
④用于"It is+過去分詞+that從句"中。如:
?It is believed that he will be admitted t Beijing University.人們相信他將被北京大學(xué)錄取。
⑤用于"think/find/make+it+adj./n.+不定式或動詞-ing形式或 that從句"中。如:
?I make it a rule t walk tw miles a day.我通常每天步行兩英里路。
⑥用于 take it fr granted that..., bring it t ne’s attentin that...,see t it that...等句型中。如:
?We take it fr granted that water is free at restaurants.我們認(rèn)為在餐館里水免費(fèi)飲用是理所當(dāng)然的事情。
3.構(gòu)成特定句型
①It is/has
?It is almst ten years since he enjyed himself s much.將近有十年時間他沒這么高興過了。
②It was (nt)/will(nt)
?It was nt lng befre he sensed the danger f the psitin.不久他就感受到此處的危險(xiǎn)。
③It is sb.’s turn t d sth.
?It’s my turn t lk after the baby.輪到我看孩子了。
1.When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are nw cld enugh _______ (cl) the huse during the ht day;_______ the same time, they warm up again fr the night.
【答案】t cl; at
2. Keep________ (hld) yur psitin fr a while. It helps develp yur strength and flexibility.
【解析】根據(jù)語境可知,此處作動詞keep的賓語,構(gòu)成固定搭配,keep ding sth.意思是"繼續(xù)做某事"因此填動詞-ing形式。
【答案】hlding
3.It tk years f wrk ________(reduce) the industrial pllutin and clean the water.
【解析】It takes/tk (sb.)+...+t d sth.為固定句型,意思是"做某事花費(fèi)(某人)多長時間"。所以此處填動詞不定式。
【答案】t reduce
題組一(2018年高考真題)
Clze 1(2018·新課標(biāo) = 1 \* ROMAN I卷)
閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入 1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Accrding t a review f evidence in a medical jurnal, runners live three years 61 (lng) than nn-runners. Yu dn’t have t run fast r fr lng 62 (see) the benefit. Yu may drink, smke, be verweight and still reduce yur risk f 63 (die) early by running.
While running regularly can’t make yu live frever, the review says it 64 (be) mre effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling r swimming. Tw f the authrs f the review als made a study published in 2014 66 shwed a mere five t 10 minutes a day f running reduced the risk f heart disease and early deaths frm all 67 (cause).
The best exercise is ne that yu enjy and will d. But therwise … it’s prbably running. T avid knee pain, yu can run n sft surfaces, d exercises t 68 (strength) yur leg muscles (肌肉), avid hills and get gd running shes. Running is cheap, easy and it’s always 69 (energy). If yu are time pr, yu need run fr nly half the time t get the same benefits as ther sprts, s perhaps we shuld all give 70 a try.
Clze 2(2018·新課標(biāo)I = 1 \* ROMAN I卷)
閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入 1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Diets have changed in China — and s t has its tp crp. Since 2011,the cuntry ___61___(grw)mre crn than rice. Crn prductin has jumped nearly 125 percent ver ___62___ past 25 years, while rice has increased nly 7 percent.
A taste fr meat is ___63___ (actual) behind the change: An imprtant part f its crn is used t feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Anther reasn fr crn's rise: The gvernment encurages farmers t grw crn instead f rice ___64___ (imprve) water quality. Crn uses less water ___65___ rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runff. This switch has decreased ___66___ (pllute) in the cuntry's majr lakes and reservirs and made drinking water safer fr peple.
Accrding t the Wrld Bank, China accunts fr abut 30 percent f ttal ___67___ (glbe)fertilizer cnsumptin. The Chinese Ministry f Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the gvernment ___68___ (start) a sil-Clzeing prgram ___69___ gives specific fertilizer recmmendatins t farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use drpped by 7.7 millin tns. That prevented the emissin(排放) f 51.8 millin tns f carbn dixide. China's apprach t prtecting its envirnment while ___70___ (feed) its citizens "ffers useful lessns fr agriculture and fd plicymakers wrldwide." says the bank's Juergen Vegele.
Clze 3(2018·新課標(biāo)III卷)
閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入 1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
I'm nt sure _____61_____ is mre frightened, me r the female grilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears ut f nwhere. I'm walking n a path in the frest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I'm face-t-face with the grilla, wh begins screaming at ____62____ tp f her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pund male appears. He screams the___63___(lud)f all. The nise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges tward me. I quickly lwer myself, ducking my head t avid ____64____(lk) directly int his eyes s he desn't feel____65____(challenge).
My name is Mireya Mayr. I'm a ___66___(science)wh studies animals such as apes and mnkeys. I was searching ___67___ these three western lwland grillas I'd been bserving. N ne had seen them fr hurs, and my clleagues and I were wrried.
When the grillas and I frightened each ther, I was just glad t find ____68____(they) alive. True t a grilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal ____69____(mean)me n real harm. He was just saying: "I'm king f this frest, and here is yur reminder!" Once his message was delivered, he allwed me ____70____ (stay)and watch.
題組二(2017年高考真題)
Clze1(2017·新課標(biāo)全國卷I)
閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入 1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
There has been a recent trend in the fd service industry tward lwer fat cntent and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical cmmunity(醫(yī)學(xué)界) 61 a methd f fighting heart disease, has had sme unintended side 62 (effect) such as verweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical cmmunity was trying t fight.
Fat and salt are very imprtant parts f a diet. They are required 63 (prcess) the fd that we eat, t recver frm injury and fr several ther bdily functins. When fat and salt 64 (remve) frm fd, the fd tastes as if is missing smething. As 65 result, peple will eat mre fd t try t make up fr that smething missing. Even 66 (bad), the amunt f fast fd that peple eat ges up. Fast fd ___67___ (be) full f fat and salt; by 68 (eat) mre fast fd peple will get mre salt and fat than they need in their diet.
Having enugh fat and salt in yur meals will reduce the urge t snack(吃點(diǎn)心) between meals and will imprve the taste f yur fd. Hwever, be 69 (care) nt t g t extremes. Like anything, it is pssible t have t much f bth, 70 is nt gd fr the health.
Clze2(2017·新課標(biāo)全國卷II)
閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入 1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
In 1863the first undergrund passenger railway in the wrld pened in Lndn. It ran fr just under seven kilmeters and allwed peple t avid terrible 61 (crwd) n the rads abve as they travelled t and 62 wrk. It tk three years t cmplete and was built using an interesting methd. This included digging up the rad, 63 (lay) the track and then building a strng rf ver 64 tp. When all thse had been dne, the rad surface was replaced.
Steam engines 65 (use) t pull the carriages and it must have been 66 (fair)unpleasant fr the passengers, with all the smke and nise. Hwever, the railway quickly prved t be a great success and within six mnths, mre than 25,000 peple were using 67 every day.
Later, engineers 68 (manage) t cnstruct railways in a system f deep tunnels (隧道), which became knwn t the tube. This develpment was nly pssible with the 69 (intrduce) f electric-pwered engines and lifts. The central Lndn Railway was ne f the mst 70 (success) f these new lines, and was pened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and prved extremely ppular with the public.
Clze3(2017·新課標(biāo)全國卷III)
閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入 1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
She lks like any ther schlgirl, fresh-faced and full f life. Sarah Thmas is lking frward t the challenge f her new A-level curse. But unlike her schl friends, 16-year-ld Sarah is nt spending half-term 61 (rest). Instead, she is earning £6500 a day as 62 mdel in New Yrk.
Sarah 63 (tell) that she culd be Britain’s new supermdel earning a millin dllars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her t give up schl t mdel full-time. But Sarah, 64 has taken part in shws alng with tp mdels, wants 65 (prve) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined t carry n with her 66 (educate).
She has turned dwn several 67 (invitatin) t star at shws in rder t cncentrate n her studies. After schl she plans t take a year ff t mdel full-time befre ging t university t get a degree 68 engineering r architecture.
Sarah says, "My dad thinks I shuld take the ffer nw. But at the mment, schl 69 (cme) first. I dn’t want t get t absrbed in mdeling. It is 70 (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I dn’t want t have nthing else t fall back n when I can’t mdel any mre."
Clze4(2017·浙江卷)
閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Last Octber, while tending her garden in Mra, Sweden, Lena Pahlssn pulled ut a handful f small 56 (carrt) and was abut t thrw them away. But smething made her lk clser, and she nticed a 57 (shine) bject. Yes, there beneath the leafy tp f ne tiny carrt was her lng-lst wedding ring.
Pahlssn screamed 58 ludly that her daughter came running frm the huse. "She thught I had hurt 59 (I),"says Pahlssn.
Sixteen years 60 (early), Pahlssn had remved the diamnd ring 61 (ck) a meal. When she wanted t put the ring back n later, it was gne. She suspected that ne f her three daughters — then ten, eight, and six—had picked it up, but the girls said they hadn’t. Pahlssn and her husband 62 (search) the kitchen, checking every crner, but turned up nthing. "I gave up hpe f finding my ring again," she says. She never replaced it.
Pahlssn and her husband nw think the ring prbably gt 63 (sweep) int a pile f kitchen rubbish and was spread ver the garden, 64 it remained until the carrt’s leafy tp accidentally spruted (生長) thrugh it. Fr Pahlssn, its return was 65 wnder.
題組三(2016年高考真題)
Clze1(2016·新課標(biāo)全國卷I)
閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Chengdu has dzens f new millinaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new htels. But fr turists like me, pandas are its tp 61 (attract).
S it was a great hnur t be invited backstage at the nt-fr-prfit Panda Base, where ticket mney helps pay fr research, I 62 (allw)t get up clse t these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. Frm tmrrw, I will be their UK ambassadr. The title will be 63 (fficial) given t me at a ceremny in Lndn. But my cnnectin with pandas ges back 64 my days n a TV shw in the mid-1980s, 65 I was the first Western TV reprter 66 (permit) t film a special unit caring fr pandas rescued frm starvatin in the wild. My ambassadrial duties will include 67 (intrduce) British visitrs t the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and thers at a research in the misty muntains f Bifengxia.
On my recent visit, I help a lively three-mnth-ld twin that had been rejected by 68 (it) mther. The nursery team switches him every few 69 ( day) with his sister s that while ne is being bttle-fed, 70 ther is with mum-she never suspects.
Clze2(2016·新課標(biāo)全國卷II)
閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形。
If yu feel stressed by respnsibilities at wrk, yu shuld take a step back and identify (識別)thse f 61 (great)and less imprtance. Then, handle the mst imprtant tasks first s yu’ll feel a real sense f 62 (achieve). Leaving the less imprtant things until tmrrw 43 (be) ften acceptable.
Mst f us are mre fcused 64 ur tasks in the mrning than we are later in the day. S, get an early start and try t be as prductive 65 pssible befre lunch. This will give yu the cnfidence yu need t get yu thrugh the afternn and g hme feeling accmplished.
Recent 66 (study) shw that we are far mre prductive at wrk if we take shrt breaks 67 (regular). Give yur bdy and brain a rest by stepping utside fr 68 while, exercising, r dng smething yu enjy.
If yu find smething yu lve ding utside f the ffice, yu’ll be less likely 69 (bring) yur wrk hme. It culd be anything-gardening, cking, music, sprts—but whatever it is, 70 (make) sure it’s a relief frm daily stress rather than anther thing t wrry abut.
Clze3(2016·新課標(biāo)全國卷III)
閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
In much f Asia, especially the s-called "rice bwl" cultures f China, Japan, Krea, 61 Vietnam, fd is usually eaten with chpsticks.
Chpsticks are usually tw lng, thin pieces f wd r bamb. They can als be made f plastic, animal bne r metal. Smetimes chpsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chpsticks might 62 (make) f gld and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled wrkers als cmbine varius hardwds and metal 63 (create) special designs.
The Chinese have used chpsticks fr five thusand years. Peple prbably cked their fd in large pts, 64 (use) twigs(樹枝)t remve it. Over time, 65 the ppulatin grew, peple began cutting fd int small pieces s it wuld ck mre quickly.
Fd in small pieces culd be eaten easily with twigs which 66 (gradual) turned int chpsticks.
Sme peple think that the great Chinese schlar Cnfucius, 67 lived frm rughly 551 t 479 B.C., influenced the 68 (develp) f chpsticks. Cnfucius believed knives wuld remind peple f killings and 69 (be) t vilent fr use at the table.
Chpsticks are nt used everywhere in Asia. In India, fr example, mst peple traditinally eat 70 their hands.
Clze4(2016·上海)
Stress: Gd r Bad?
Stress used t be an almst unknwn wrd, but nw that we are used t talking abut it, I have fund that peple are beginning t get stressed abut being stressed.
In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause f a whle range f medical prblems, frm high bld pressure t mental illness. But like s many ther things, it is nly t much stress(34)______ des yu harm. It is time yu cnsidered that if there were n stress in yur life, yu wuld achieve a little. If yu are stuck at hme with n stress, then yur level f perfrmance will be lw. Up t a certain pint, the mre stress yu are under, the (35)_____(gd) yur perfrmance will be. Beynd a certain pint, thugh, further stress will nly lead t exhaustin, illness and finally a breakdwn. Yu can tell when yu are ver the tp and n the dwnward slpe, by asking yurself (36)_______ number f questins. D yu, fr instance, feel that t much is being expected f (37)______, and yet find it impssible t say n? D yu find yurself getting impatient r(38) _____(anny) with peple ver unimprtant things?... If the answer t all thse questins is yes, yu had better(39)______(cntrl ) yur stress, as yu prbably are under mre stress than is gd fr yu.
T sme extent yu can cntrl the amunt f stress in yur life. Dctrs have wrked ut a chart shwing hw much stress is invlved in varius events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, mving huse 20, Christmas 12,etc. If the ttal stress in yur life is ver 150, yu are twice as likely (40)_______ (get )ill.
題組四(名校模擬題)
Clze 1(四川省成都市第七中學(xué)2019屆高三畢業(yè)班零診模擬考試 )
Chantelle Brw n-Yung was nt brn with vitilig (白癜風(fēng)), but it has made her famus. She is the first supermdel with the skin cnditin, 1 causes areas f skin t lse their clur.
Chantelle was brn in Trnt, Canada. At the age f fur she started t develp 2 (patch) f white skin and 3 (diagnse) with vitilig. N ne really knws why ne percent f peple 4 (have) this skin cnditin, and there is n real cure.
At schl, Chantelle was bullied fr being different. The ther kids ften called her a ‘cw’, because f 5 way her skin lked. She mved schl several times and finally left schl at 16. Frm nw n, she decided, she 6 (be) prud f her skin.
She gt dwn t 7 (pst) phts f herself n Facebk and sn was ‘sptted’ by a Canadian YuTube star, Shannn Bdram, wh asked her t be in a music vide. It was while she was ding that 8 her really ‘big break’ happened. Tyra Banks asked her t be n America’s Next Tp Mdel.
She didn’t w in, but she became famus. Her 9 (prfessin) name nw is Winnie Harlw , and she has nearly three millin fllwers n Instagram.
Little 10 little, she is changing peple’s ideas abut what beauty is.
Clze 2(安徽省江淮十校2019屆高三第二次聯(lián)考英語試題)
閱讀下面材料,在空白處填人適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Whether they' re playing n TV screens r pnnted in newspapers, adverts are everywhere.
Actually, it is quite nrmal fr the average persn 1 (live) in a city t see thusands f ads every single day. Hwever, ads are nt just a tl fr getting peple t buy things; they als serve 2 a windw int cultures, scieties and histry.
Mdern adverts began t appear in 3 18th and 19th centuries,since advances in printing techniques allwed mre detailed images 4 (prduce) in newspapers and magazines.
Lking at sme f these early ads 5 (be) like taking a step back in time t anther wrld. Fr example, an 1881 advert fr French cigarettes 6 (prmise) that its prduct wuld “give immediate relief" t a list f medical cnditins, including breathing prblems. And a 1955 US ad advised mthers t mix the sugary sft drink A 7 Up with 7 (they) baby's milk.
Nwadays, f curse, the harmful 8 (effect) f bth smking and sugary drinks have been well knwn. But althugh these adverts seem 9 (usual) t us nw, perhaps future generatins may cnsider sme f tday's ads t be just as strange. It is believed that advertising can ften be an indicatr fr 10 sciety cnsiders t be scially acceptable and desirable at the time.
Clze 3(山西省富平縣富平中學(xué)2018屆高三第五次檢測)
While thusands f cllege students headed fr warm climate t enjy sun and fun during their week ff frm classes, seven lcal students had ther plans.
The Nrthern Essex Cmmunity Cllege (NECC) students and ne f their teachers spent part f their spring break in New Yrk City, helping repair an area 1 (destry) by the hurricane.
“I wanted t see fr myself what happened,” said Terry. “I culdn’t imagine 2 it is like t lse yur hme and everything that yu knw and the 3 (pwer) effect the hurricane had n thse peple. I wanted t d smething, t understand their feeling f helplessness.”
The grup headed int Brklyn’s Red Hk district, which was hit hard by the hurricane. There they met peple frm ther parts f the cuntry, 4 had als vlunteered t help. Tgether, thse vlunteers and the NECC students 5 (wrk) t clear rubbish ut f a three-stry building. They put n prtective suits and glves 6 they entered the building.
Inside the building, the students saw nthing but brken walls and drs and pieces f the building 7 (lie) all ver the place.
The students returned t schl with 8 sense f achievement, a feeling that 9 helped peple in need. I was remarkable hw a cmmunity lst s much and was still able t recver, and this left the deepest impressin 10 the students.
Clze 4(2017屆安徽省淮北市第一中學(xué)高三四次模擬考試)
Once upn a time, there was a man 1 was very wealthy. He wanted t d smething fr the peple in his village. 2 that, he wanted t find ut whether, they deserved his help.
In the center f the main rad int the village, he placed 3 very large stne. Then he 4 (hide)behind a tree and waited. Sn an ld man came alng with his hrse.
“Wh put this stne in the center f the rad?” said the ld man, but he did nt try t remve the stne. Instead, with sme difficulty he passed arund the stne and cntinued n his way. 5 man came alng and did the same thing; then anther came, and anther. All f them cmplained abut the stne but nt tried t remve 6 .Late in the afternn a yung man came alng. He saw the stne, 7 (say)t himself, “The night 8 (be)very dark. Sme neighbrs will cme alng later in the dark and will fall against the stne.”
Then he began t mve the stne. He pushed and pulled with all his 9 (strng)t mve it. Hw great was his surprise at last! 10 the stne, he fund a bag f mney.
題組一
Clze 1
【文章大意】 本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了跑步的好處,它可以幫助人們延年益壽。
61. lnger
【解析】考查副詞的比較級。醫(yī)學(xué)報(bào)告顯示:經(jīng)常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根據(jù)than可知用比較級,故填lnger。
62. t see
【解析】考查不定式作目的狀語。你不必跑地太快或時間太長就能看到它的好處。此處不定式作目的狀語,故填t see。
64.is
【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)。醫(yī)學(xué)報(bào)告顯示:跑步比散步、騎車和游泳更能有效地延長壽命。這里敘述的是一個事實(shí),故用一般現(xiàn)在時。故填is。
65.than
【解析】考查比較句型。跑步比散步、騎車和游泳更能有效地延長壽命。根據(jù)文章中的mre effective可知此處填than。
66.that或which
【解析】考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。此處a study是先行詞,其在定語從句中作主語,故填that或which。
67.causes
【解析】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。一項(xiàng)研究表明,僅僅每天5到10分鐘的跑步,就能減少各種原因的心臟病和早亡。根據(jù)句意用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填causes。
70.it或running
【解析】考查代詞或名詞的用法。我們都應(yīng)該試試跑步。此處give it a try意為:試試。此處it可以指running。故填it或running。
Clze 2
【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文中講述了中國為保護(hù)環(huán)境在農(nóng)作物種植上做了一些變化并得到了世界上的知名人士的認(rèn)可。
61. has grwn
【解析】考查時態(tài)。since加時間點(diǎn),主句要用現(xiàn)在完成時。句意:2011年以來,中國種植的玉米比水稻多。故填has grwn。
62. the
【解析】考查冠詞。句意:玉米產(chǎn)量在過去25年里增長了近125%,而大米只增長了7%。故是特指在過去的25年里。故填the。
63. actually
【解析】考查副詞。句意:對肉的需求實(shí)際上是這種變化的背后原因。句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整,用副詞修飾句子。故填actually。
64. t imprve
【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意:為了改善水質(zhì)政府鼓勵農(nóng)民種植玉米而不是大米。沒有連詞可以且謂語動詞是encurages,故imprve應(yīng)該用非謂語動詞。此處表示目的,故用不定式。故填t imprve。
65. than
【解析】考查連詞。句意:玉米比大米使用的水更少。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞less可知,填比較連詞。故填than。
66. pllutin
【解析】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意:這一轉(zhuǎn)變減少了中國較大的湖泊和水庫的污染,使人們的飲用水更加安全。has decreased后跟名詞作賓語,故填pllutin。
67. glbal
【解析】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意:中國約占全球化肥總消費(fèi)量的30%。fertilizer cnsumptin是名詞短語,故應(yīng)該用形容詞修飾。故填glbal。
69. that/which
【解析】考查定語從句關(guān)系詞。根據(jù)空后的謂語動詞gives可知,該空缺少主語,指代prgram并且引導(dǎo)后面的句子。指物用that/which,故填that或者which。
70. feeding
【解析】考查省略句。句意:中國在養(yǎng)活了中國人民的同時又保護(hù)了環(huán)境。這一做法為全世界的農(nóng)業(yè)和糧食政策制定人提供了很有用的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。空格處表示正在進(jìn)行的動作,while后面省略掉了China is,省略句的原則:在時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句、,讓步狀語從句中,如果從句的主語和主句的主語一致且含有be動詞時,那么可以把主語和be動詞一塊省略。故填feeding。
Clze 3
【文章大意】本文為記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在中非偶遇大猩猩,彼此驚恐的經(jīng)歷。
61. which/wh
【解析】考查賓語從句。句意:我不確定哪一個更害怕,我,還是突然出現(xiàn)的雌性大猩猩。此處為賓語從句,空格處表示選擇,所以用which或者wh。
62. the
【解析】考查冠詞。此處為固定短語at the tp f,此處表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。
63. ludest
【解析】考查最高級。根據(jù)后面的f all可知,他聲音最大,所以用最高級ludest。
64. lking
【解析】考查動詞。動詞avid后要加ding。此處表示避免直接看他的眼睛。用lking。
65. challenged
【解析】考查非謂語。根據(jù)語境可知,此處表示不直視他的眼睛,他就不會感到被挑戰(zhàn)性。feel為系動詞,表示“被挑戰(zhàn)”,用過去分詞challenged。
65. scientist
【解析】考查名詞。根據(jù)語境可知,我是一名科學(xué)家。scientist科學(xué)家。
67.fr
【解析】考查動詞短語搭配。search fr是固定搭配,表示“尋找”,表示“我”在尋找“我”研究的三只西部低地大猩猩。
70. t stay
【解析】考查非謂語動詞。固定短語allw sb t d允許某人做某事,應(yīng)該用t stay。
題組二
Clze 1
【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了對于食物中的脂肪和鹽分,人們的態(tài)度不一。脂肪和鹽分對于健康來說是必不可少的,但如果人們攝入過多的脂肪和鹽分,自身的健康將會受到損害。
61. as 考查介詞。句意:這一趨勢最初始于醫(yī)學(xué)界作為一種對抗心臟病的方法。as表示“作為,以……身份”,故填as。
62. effects 考查單復(fù)數(shù)。分析語境可知作者表達(dá)的意思是“一些不為人知的副作用”,根據(jù)前文的sme可知“side effect”(副作用)有很多,故填effects。
63. t prcess 考查不定式。句意:他們被要求加工食物。require表示“要求”,require sb. t d sth.表示“要求某人做某事”,被動形式為“sb. be required t d sth.”(某人被要求做某事)。故填t prcess。
64. are remved 考查被動語態(tài)。句意:當(dāng)脂肪和鹽分從食物中被去掉。分析可知fat,salt和mve之間是被動關(guān)系,脂肪和鹽分是兩種東西,且是被人們?nèi)サ簦杂帽粍诱Z態(tài)。故填are remved。
65. a 考查冠詞。固定短語as a result表示“結(jié)果”。句意:結(jié)果,人們將吃更多的食物去彌補(bǔ)損失的東西。故填a。
66. wrse 考查比較級。句意:更糟糕的是,人們所吃快餐的數(shù)量增加了。故填wrse。
67. is 考查主謂一致。句意:快餐食物中滿是脂肪和鹽。fast fd的意思是“快餐”,表示一類食物,為不可數(shù)名詞,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。故填is。
68. eating 考查動名詞。句意:通過吃更多的快餐,人們將在飲食中攝入超過需求量的脂肪和鹽。根據(jù)前文中的by可知此處應(yīng)該填名詞、動名詞,所以填eating。
69. careful 考查形容詞。句意:然而,注意不要走極端。分析語境可知be后面應(yīng)該用形容詞作表語,故填careful。
70. which 考查非限制性定語從句。句意:很可能攝入過多的脂肪和鹽,那對健康沒有好處。分析可知which is nt gd fr the health為非限制性定語從句,先行詞是前面的整句話。
Clze 2
【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文,主要介紹了地鐵的最初發(fā)展史。
66.fairly 考查副詞,這里fair是形容詞,pleasant也是形容詞,所以需要將fair變?yōu)楦痹~來修飾形容詞,故填fairly。
67.it考查代詞,這里用it指代前句的railway,故填it。
68.managed 考查動詞,此處表示過去的情況,所以這里也應(yīng)用一般過去時,故填managed。
69.intrductin考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換,空格前是the,后面應(yīng)該是名詞,故填名詞intrductin。
70.successful考查形容詞,空格前是mst,其后要跟形容詞構(gòu)成最高級,故填successful。
Clze 3
【文章大意】本文主要介紹了Sarah Thmas在學(xué)業(yè)和誘人的職業(yè)面前所做出的選擇,她認(rèn)為在青少年時期要把學(xué)業(yè)放在首位。
61. resting 考查非謂語動詞。固定短語:spend time ding sth花費(fèi)時間做某事。
62. a 考查冠詞。mdel是可數(shù)名詞,前面沒有限定詞,而此處泛指 "一個",故填a。
63. was tld / has been tld 考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)語境可判斷出謂語動詞應(yīng)該用一般過去時或現(xiàn)在完成時的被動形式,又因主語Sarah是第三人稱單數(shù),故填was tld / has been tld。
64. wh 考查定語從句。非限制性定語從句中缺少主語,且先行詞為Sarah,指人,要用wh。
65. t prve 考查非謂語動詞。want t d sth.想要做某事。
66. educatin 考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。形容詞性物主代詞后面應(yīng)該接名詞形式。
67. invitatins 考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。several修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式,故填invitatins。
68. in 考查介詞。in表示"在某方面",獲得某項(xiàng)學(xué)位 "get a degree in…"。
69. cmes 考查動詞。根據(jù)語境可知Sarah認(rèn)為當(dāng)下應(yīng)該是學(xué)業(yè)第一,說明現(xiàn)在的情況應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時。
70. certainly 考查副詞。修飾動詞應(yīng)該用副詞形式,故填certainly。
Clze 4
【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了Lena Pahlssn在花園里拔胡蘿卜時,找到了丟失已久的結(jié)婚戒指的故事。
59. myself 【解析】考查代詞。主語為I,橫線處為賓語,根據(jù)語境可知這里指她以為"我"弄傷了自己。故填myself。
60. earlier 【解析】考查形容詞。這里指早在十六年前,故填earlier。
61. t ck 【解析】考查動詞不定式。一個句子不能出現(xiàn)雙重謂語,所以此處要用不定式作目的狀語。故填t ck。
62. searched 【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。根據(jù)"but turned up nthing"可知這里是敘述過去發(fā)生的事情,要用一般過去時,故填searched。
63. swept 【解析】考查動詞。ring與sweep之間是被動關(guān)系,要用被動語態(tài)。故填swept。
64. where 【解析】考查連接詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,所填詞引導(dǎo)定語從句,定語從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語,先行詞為the garden,表示地點(diǎn),故填關(guān)系副詞where。
65. a 【解析】考查冠詞。wnder是可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式,且此處表示泛指,因此其前應(yīng)加不定冠詞a。故填a。
題組三
Clze 1
【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。講述了作者作為特邀人員在四川成都的大熊貓基地的所見所聞。
61. attractin 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。但對于像我一樣的游客,熊貓是成都最吸引人的事物。由形容詞性物主代詞its以及形容詞tp可知此處應(yīng)該填動詞attract的名詞形式attractin,意為"吸引人之物"。
62. was allwed 考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,主語I與動詞allw之間存在被動關(guān)系,且前一句的
"was"表明此處應(yīng)用一般過去時,故填was allwed。
63. fficially 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾動詞應(yīng)該用副詞,所以填fficially。
64.t 考查介詞。g back t是固定搭配,意為"追溯到"。
67. intrducing 考查非謂語動詞。動詞include后需跟動名詞作賓語,所以此空填intrducing。
68. its 考查代詞。由語境及后面的名詞mther可知,此空應(yīng)該填it的形容詞性物主代詞its。
69. days 考查名詞。由few修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)可知,此空填days。 every few days是"每隔幾天"的意思。
70.the 考查冠詞。這里考查的是 ther...這一固定搭配,意為"一個……另一個……
Clze 2
【文章大意】本文屬于說明,告訴我們當(dāng)工作壓力太大的時候,應(yīng)該怎么做來合理釋放壓力。
61. greater 考查形容詞的比較級。根據(jù)語境及下文的"and less imprtance"可知,此處應(yīng)用形容詞的比較級來修飾imprtance,故填greater。
62. achievement 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。首先處理最重要的工作以便你能感到一種真實(shí)的成就感。介詞后接名詞,a real sense f achievement意為"一種真實(shí)的成就感"。
63.is 考查主謂一致和時態(tài)。把不太重要的事情留到明天通常是可以接受的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,該句中的主語為動名詞短語"Leaving the less imprtant things until tmrrw",故謂語動詞為第三人稱單數(shù)形式,且全文的基本時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時。故填is。
64.n 考查介詞。我們中的大多數(shù)人在早上的時候會比我們在一天中的晚些時候更加集中于我們的工作。固定短語be fcused n 意為"集中于……"。故填n。
65.as 考查連詞。因此,早點(diǎn)兒開始并且在午飯前要盡可能高效。固定結(jié)構(gòu)as…as pssible意為"盡可能……"。
66.studies 考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。最新的研究表明,如果我們有規(guī)律地短暫休息的話,我們在工作中會變得高效得多。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,謂語動詞為shw,為復(fù)數(shù)形式,且study作"研究,調(diào)查"講時為可數(shù)名詞,故主語應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)。故填studies。
67.regularly 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。副詞修飾謂語動詞take,故填regularly"有規(guī)律地"。
68.a 考查冠詞。固定短語fr a while意為"一會兒"。
69.t bring 考查非謂語動詞。固定短語be likely t d sth.意為"可能做某事",故填t bring。
70.make 考查祈使句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,but連接兩個并列分句。其中第二個分句中,whatever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,其后為祈使句充當(dāng)主句。故填make。
Clze 3
【文章大意】本文介紹了筷子的材質(zhì)與中國使用筷子的悠久歷史及文化內(nèi)涵。
63.t create 考查非謂語動詞。熟練的工人也會把各種各樣的硬木和金屬組合起來以創(chuàng)作獨(dú)特的設(shè)計(jì)。根據(jù)句意可知,此處應(yīng)用不定式作目的狀語。
64.using 考查非謂語動詞。use與其邏輯主語Peple之間是主謂關(guān)系,故此處用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。
65.as/when 考查狀語從句。隨著人口的增長或當(dāng)人口增長時,人們開始把食物切成小片。根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處引導(dǎo)狀語從句,表示"隨著"或"當(dāng)……時",故填as或when。
66.gradually 考查副詞。應(yīng)用副詞修飾動詞,故用 gradually。
67.wh 考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處在此引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,先行詞為Cnfucius,且關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語,故填wh。
68.develpment 考查名詞。根據(jù)空前的"the"及空后的"f"可知,此處應(yīng)填名詞develpment。
69.were 考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)句中的"believed"可知,此處描述的是過去的情況,應(yīng)用一般過去時;從句主語為knives,謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。故填were。
70.with 考查介詞。此處指大部分人用手吃飯,故填with。
Clze 4
【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文,壓力成為了我們生活中常見的一個詞匯。文章告訴我們一定范圍之內(nèi)的壓力能促進(jìn)我們的工作,但一旦壓力過大,就會給我們的生活帶來很多負(fù)面的影響。
33. has been regarded 考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。本句的時間狀語是in recent years最近幾年以來,該時間狀語通常和現(xiàn)在完成時連用,且句子主語stress與動詞regard構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系,所以使用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)形式has been regarded。
34. that 考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為It is/was被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分that/wh其它成分;其最大的特點(diǎn)就是去掉it is/was…that/wh…句子仍然成立。要注意強(qiáng)調(diào)句型能強(qiáng)調(diào)除謂語動詞以為的所有的句子成分。本句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是句子主語nly t much stress。
35. better 考查固定句式。 "The+比較級, the+比較級"意為"越……就越……"。本句句意:你承受的壓力越大,你的表現(xiàn)就會越好。所以本空使用gd的比較級形式better.
38. annyed 考查形容詞。形容詞annyed惱怒的,該詞是由過去分詞轉(zhuǎn)換而來的形容詞,通常用來修飾人。本句中該詞和impatient構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系一起和系動詞get構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。
39. cntrl 考查固定搭配。動詞短語had better d sth最好做某事;"had better"是情態(tài)動詞,后面要接動詞原形。
40. t get 考查形容詞短語。形容詞短語be likely t d sth可能做某事;句意:如果你生活中的壓力超過150,你就非常有可能生病了。
題組四
Clze 1
【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文,患白癜風(fēng)的女孩Chantelle Brwn改變了人們對白癜風(fēng)以及美好事物的理解。
1.which
【解析】考查定語從句。本題定語從句的先行詞是the skin cnditin,關(guān)系代詞which指代先行詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句并在句中做主語。關(guān)系代詞that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的。
2.patches
【解析】考查名詞。名詞patch小塊,補(bǔ)??;本句中該詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式做動詞develp的賓語。句意:四歲的時候她開始長出一塊又一塊的白色皮膚并被診斷為白癜風(fēng)。
3.was diagnsed
【解析】考查固定短語。短語be diagnsed with…被診斷為…;該短語在句中和started t…構(gòu)成并列謂語。句意:四歲的時候她開始長出一塊又一塊的白色皮膚并被診斷為白癜風(fēng)。
4.have
【解析】考查時態(tài)。本句是一個評價(jià)性的句子,所以要使用一般現(xiàn)在時。句意:沒有人真正值得為什么有百分之一的人患上這種皮膚病。
5.the
【解析】考查冠詞。定冠詞the表示特指,不定冠詞a/an表示泛指。本句中the way her skin lked特指她患上白癜風(fēng)的皮膚看起來的樣子。
7.psting
【解析】考查動名詞。動詞短語get dwn t開始認(rèn)真做某事;其中的t是介詞,后面要接動名詞做賓語,所以本句使用動名詞短語psting…做賓語。
8.that
【解析】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為It is/was被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分that/wh其它成分;其最大的特點(diǎn)就是去掉it is/was…that/wh…句子仍然成立。要注意強(qiáng)調(diào)句型能強(qiáng)調(diào)除謂語動詞以為的所有的句子成分。本句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是時間狀語while she was ding that。橫線處使用that與it was構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。
9.prfessinal
【解析】考查形容詞。形容詞prfessinal職業(yè)的;專業(yè)的;該詞在句中作定語修飾名詞name。
10.by
【解析】考查固定短語。短語little by little逐漸地;逐漸地她慢慢改變了人們對美的理解。
Clze 2
【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。介紹了廣告不僅僅是一種讓人們購買物品的工具,它也是文化、社會和歷史的窗口。
1.living
【解析】考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意:事實(shí)上,生活在城市里的普通人每天看到成千上萬的廣告是很正常的。分析句子可知,persn與living在邏輯上是主動關(guān)系,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填 living 。
2.as
【解析】考查介詞。句意:然而,廣告不僅僅是一種讓人們購買物品的工具,它也是文化、社會和歷史的窗口。serve as “ 充當(dāng),起作用”為固定短語。故填 as。
3.the
【解析】考查冠詞。句意:現(xiàn)代廣告在18世紀(jì)和19世紀(jì)開始出現(xiàn),因?yàn)橛∷⒓夹g(shù)的進(jìn)步允許在報(bào)紙和雜志上制作更詳細(xì)的圖片。世紀(jì)前加定冠詞the。故填the 。
4.t be prduced
【解析】考查動詞不定式。句意:現(xiàn)代廣告在18世紀(jì)和19世紀(jì)開始出現(xiàn),因?yàn)橛∷⒓夹g(shù)的進(jìn)步允許在報(bào)紙和雜志上制作更詳細(xì)的圖片。分析句子可知,allw為謂語動詞且涉及allw sb/sth t d sth “允許某人/某物做某事”的用法。 detailed images 與prduce在邏輯上是被動關(guān)系。所以用t be prduced 。 故填t be prduced 。
6.prmised
【解析】考查一般過去時。句意:例如,1881年的一則法國香煙廣告承諾其產(chǎn)品將“立即緩解包括呼吸問題在內(nèi)的一系列疾病。分析句子可知,句子為一般過去時,主語為1881 advert fr French cigarettes,謂語為prmised。故填prmised 。
7.their
【解析】考查代詞。句意:1955年美國的一則廣告建議母親們將含糖的軟飲料和嬰兒的牛奶混合起來。their為形容詞性物主代詞后接名詞 baby's milk。故填 their 。
8.effects
【解析】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意:當(dāng)然,現(xiàn)在吸煙和含糖飲料的有害影響是眾所周知的。effect為可數(shù)名詞,根據(jù)句意,這里指的吸煙和含糖飲料的有害影響。所以用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填effects 。
9.unusual
【解析】考查形容詞。句意:但是,盡管這些廣告在我們現(xiàn)在看來很不尋常。seem為半系動詞后接形容詞作表語,根據(jù)句意,所以填usual的反義詞unusual。故填unusual 。
10.what
【解析】考查連接詞。句意:人們認(rèn)為,廣告往往可以作為社會當(dāng)時認(rèn)為可以接受并且受歡迎的指示物。分析句子可知,fr后接賓語從句作賓語。賓語從句中,cnsider缺少賓語,根據(jù)句意,用what作cnsider的賓語。故填what。
Clze 3
【文章大意】文章介紹了幾個大學(xué)生利用假期去幫助颶風(fēng)破壞區(qū)域的人們的故事。
1.destryed
【解析】考查過去分詞。根據(jù)句中by the hurricane和建議可知an area和動詞destry是被動關(guān)系指這個地區(qū)被破壞,用過去分詞表被動,故填destryed.
3.pwerful
【解析】考查形容詞。此處修飾名詞effect要用形容詞,指“強(qiáng)大的影響”,故填pwerful.
4.wh
【解析】考查關(guān)系代詞。此句是定語從句,先行詞是peple指人,在定語從句中做主語用wh引導(dǎo),故填wh.
5.wrked
【解析】考查時態(tài)。全文描寫過去發(fā)生的事,動詞用一般過去時,故填過去式wrked.
6.befre
【解析】考查連詞。句意:他們進(jìn)入建筑物之前穿上保護(hù)服和手套。根據(jù)動作先后填befre.
7.lying
【解析】考查動詞。此處是see sb. ding sth.“見到某人或某事正在做……”,指動作正在發(fā)生,故填lying.
8.a
【解析】考查冠詞。sense是可數(shù)名詞,此處指“一種成就感”,故填a.
9.they
【解析】考查代詞。此處指the students幫助需要幫助的人,故用代詞they.
10.n
【解析】考查介詞。此處指“給……留下深刻印象”用leave impressin n sb.,故填介詞n.
Clze 4
【文章大意】文章介紹一個有錢人想幫助村民,他用一塊大石頭放在路中間,想看看人們值不值得他幫助。很多人路過,但是都沒有挪開這塊石頭。最后一個年輕人將這塊石頭搬走,他驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn),石頭下面是一袋錢。
1.wh或that
【解析】考查定語從句。此處是定語從句,先行詞是a man,指人,定語從句中缺少主語,用關(guān)系代詞wh/that引導(dǎo)。故填wh或that。
2.Befre
【解析】考查介詞。句意:在那之前,他想看看是否他們值得他的幫助。故填Befre。
3.a
【解析】考查冠詞。泛指“一個很大的石頭”用不定冠詞,而且large是輔音音素開頭的單詞,故填a。
4.hid
【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)。這篇文章講的是Once upn a time的事情,用一般過去時。故填hid。
7.saying
【解析】考查非謂語動詞。此處是非謂語動詞作狀語,he和say是主動關(guān)系,用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語,故填saying。
8.will be
【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)下文“Sme neighbrs will cme alng later in the dark and will fall against the stne.”可知,這句話也是一般將來時。故填will be。
9.strength
【解析】考查名詞。all his后面接名詞,strength作為“力量”的時候,是不可數(shù)名詞。故填strength。
10.Under
【解析】考查介詞。根據(jù)下文“he fund a bag f mney.”可知,在石頭下面有一袋錢。故填Under。
年份
試卷類型
體裁
詞數(shù)
話題
考點(diǎn)分布
2018年
新課標(biāo)卷I
說明文
196
跑步的好處,它可以幫助人們延年益壽
提示詞7個
61.副詞的級 62. 不定式63.動名詞64.時態(tài)65.比較句型66.定語從句67.名詞數(shù)68. 詞形變化
69.詞形變化。70.代詞或名詞
新課標(biāo)卷II
說明文
208
中國為保護(hù)環(huán)境在農(nóng)作物種植上做了一些變化并得到了世界上的知名人士的認(rèn)可
提示詞7個
61.時態(tài)62. 冠詞63. 副詞64. 非謂語動詞65. 連詞66. 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換67.詞性轉(zhuǎn)換68. 時態(tài)69. 定語從句70. 省略句
新課標(biāo)卷III
記敘文
193
在中非偶遇大猩猩,彼此驚恐的經(jīng)歷
61.賓語從句62.冠詞63.最高級
64. 動詞65. 非謂語66. 名詞
67. 動詞短語68. 代詞69. 時態(tài)
70. 非謂語
2017年
新課標(biāo)卷I
說明文
223
低脂肪、低鹽的飲食趨勢及其對人們健康的影響
61. 介詞62. 名詞的數(shù)63. 非謂語動詞64. 謂語動詞65. 冠詞66. 比較級67. 主謂一致68. 非謂語動詞69. 形容詞70. 定語從句
新課標(biāo)卷II
說明文
201
世界第一個地鐵的形成和發(fā)展
61.名詞的數(shù)62.介詞63.非謂語動詞64.冠詞65.被動語態(tài)66.副詞67.代詞68. 時態(tài)69. 名詞70. 形容詞
新課標(biāo)卷III
說明文
215
Sarah Thmas在學(xué)業(yè)和誘人的職業(yè)面前所做出的選擇。
61. 非謂語動詞62. 冠詞63.時態(tài)和語態(tài)64. 定語從句65. 非謂語動詞
66. 名詞67. 名詞的數(shù)68. 介詞69. 動詞時態(tài)70. 副詞
2016年
新課標(biāo)卷I
記敘文
197
作者的成都之旅及其與大熊貓之間的故事
61.名詞62.時態(tài)和語態(tài)63.副詞64.介詞65.定語從句66.非謂語67. 非謂語
68.代詞69.復(fù)數(shù)70.冠詞
新課標(biāo)卷II
說明文
192
緩解工作中的壓力的一些方法
61.形容詞的比較級62.詞性轉(zhuǎn)換63. 主謂一致和時態(tài)64.介詞65.連詞66.名詞復(fù)數(shù)67. 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換68.冠詞
69.非謂語動詞70.祈使句
新課標(biāo)卷III
說明文
196
筷子的材質(zhì)和中國使用筷子的歷史及文化內(nèi)涵

謂語
時態(tài)
主動
被動
一般現(xiàn)在時
d/des
am/is/are dne
現(xiàn)在完成時
have/has dne
have/has been dne
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時
am/is/are ding
am/is/are being dne
一般過去時
did
was/were dne
過去完成時
had dne
had been dne
過去進(jìn)行時
was/were ding
was/were being dne
一般將來時
will d
will be dne
過去將來時
wuld d
wuld be dne
非謂語(無時態(tài),有語態(tài))
主動
被動
ding
being dne
having dne
have been dne
t d
t be dne
t have dne
t have been dne
形容詞→副詞
wide→widely
形容詞→形容詞比較級/最高級
wide→wider/widest
形容詞→名詞
wide→width
形容詞→動詞
wide→ widen
動詞→名詞
instruct → instructin (s)
特殊變性
happy →happily, simple →simply,
true →truly, arrange →arrangement,
judge →judgment
人稱代詞
(主格/賓格)
反身代詞
名詞性物
主代詞
常考的不定代詞
指示代詞
I/me
myself
mine
ther/
anther
this/
that
yu
yurself/
yurselves
yurs
bth/neither/either
he/him
himself
his
all / nne
she/her
herself
hers
nthing/
nbdy
these/
thse
it
itself
its
everything/
everybdy
we/us
urselves
urs
anything/
anybdy
they/them
themselves
theirs
smething/
smebdy
冠詞
形容詞性物主代詞
作定語用的代詞
a(一個)
my
sme (一些)
yur
an(一個)
his
anther (另一個)
her
the(那個,這個)
its
ther (其他的)
ur
their
befre在(時、空)之前
acrss 橫過、在……上
till 直到……
like 像……
after在(時、空)之后
thrugh 在……中穿過
fr 表原因、目的
t 表方向
abve在……上面
by 在……旁邊,乘船、車等
behind在……后面
f 表所屬關(guān)系
ver 在……正上方
with 表伴隨(具有)
beside 在……旁
arund 在……周圍
under 在……正下方
at、in、n表時間、地點(diǎn)
near附近……
up向上
n 在……表面
between表在二者之間
alng沿著……
dwn向下
in 在……里面
amng表在三者之間
frm 來自……
ff 遠(yuǎn)
as作為
beynd
超出……范圍
tward 朝、
向……
定語從句
關(guān)系代詞
wh (主語) whm (賓語) that(主語/賓語) which(主語/賓語) whse(所有格)
關(guān)系副詞
when(時間) where(地點(diǎn)) why(原因) hw(方式)
名詞性
從句
連詞
that,if,whether
連接代詞
that,which,wh,whm,whse,as,what,whether
連接副詞
when,why,where,hw(+ever)
連詞
因果關(guān)系
because, as, since, s
轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系
thugh, but
假設(shè)關(guān)系
if, unless
讓步關(guān)系
thugh, althugh
時間關(guān)系
when, while, as, befre, after, until, since
結(jié)果關(guān)系
,
比較關(guān)系
,than
情態(tài)動詞1
can,will,shall,may,must,need
情態(tài)動詞2
culd,wuld,shuld,might
助動詞1
d,des,did
助動詞2
have,has,had

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