1. 熟練語篇類型和語篇結(jié)構(gòu)
2. 明確命題規(guī)律和提問方式
3. 掌握不同題型的解題方法
（一）整體理解
題型多樣且關(guān)聯(lián)緊密：閱讀理解包含細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題、詞義猜測題、主旨大意題等多種題型，它們從不同角度考查考生對(duì)語篇的理解能力，且各題型之間存在一定關(guān)聯(lián)，比如準(zhǔn)確理解細(xì)節(jié)有助于把握文章主旨，而主旨大意又能為推理判斷等提供方向。
能力綜合要求高：不僅需要考生具備詞匯、語法等基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，還要求能運(yùn)用各種閱讀技巧，如略讀、尋讀，準(zhǔn)確把握語篇結(jié)構(gòu)、命題規(guī)律，根據(jù)不同題型特點(diǎn)靈活運(yùn)用相應(yīng)解題方法，同時(shí)要善于進(jìn)行語義轉(zhuǎn)換和邏輯推理。
（二）重點(diǎn)關(guān)注方向
信息精準(zhǔn)定位與比對(duì)：對(duì)于細(xì)節(jié)理解題，無論是直接信息題還是間接信息題，關(guān)鍵在于能依據(jù)題干準(zhǔn)確提取關(guān)鍵詞，快速在文中定位相關(guān)信息，并仔細(xì)比對(duì)選項(xiàng)與原文細(xì)節(jié)，注意同義替換、信息歸納等正確選項(xiàng)特征以及張冠李戴、無中生有等干擾選項(xiàng)特征。
推理判斷依據(jù)：推理判斷題要嚴(yán)格依據(jù)閱讀材料所提供信息進(jìn)行推斷，關(guān)注作者的用詞、語氣以及文章的主旨，區(qū)分不同類型的推理判斷題（如細(xì)節(jié)推理、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度推理、寫作意圖推理），明確各類型的解題要點(diǎn)和常見命題方式。
詞義猜測技巧運(yùn)用：掌握多種詞義猜測技巧，如根據(jù)定義或上下文解釋、同位關(guān)系、構(gòu)詞法、因果關(guān)系、指代關(guān)系、同義或近義關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系等進(jìn)行合理推測，同時(shí)要結(jié)合文章語境準(zhǔn)確判斷詞義。
主旨大意提煉：針對(duì)主旨大意題的不同類型（標(biāo)題歸納題、文章大意題、段落大意題），要理解標(biāo)題特點(diǎn)，掌握確定文章標(biāo)題的方法，學(xué)會(huì)通過找主題句（利用轉(zhuǎn)折詞、首段疑問句、重復(fù)觀點(diǎn)等小竅門）或歸納段落邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)等方式來提煉文章及段落的主旨大意。
（一）細(xì)節(jié)理解題
題型特點(diǎn)：
設(shè)問方式多樣：包括特殊疑問句形式（以 when, where, what 等疑問詞引出）、判斷是非形式（含 TRUE/FALSE 等）、以 “Accrding t...” 開頭的提問形式以及填空形式。
正確選項(xiàng)特征：
同義替換（關(guān)鍵詞、詞性、語態(tài)等變換）、信息歸納、正話反說、原文原詞。
干擾選項(xiàng)特征：張冠李戴、無中生有、曲解文意、顛倒是非、正誤參半。
解題方法：
直接信息題：采用 “關(guān)鍵詞定位法”，先從題干中提取名詞、動(dòng)詞、數(shù)詞等關(guān)鍵詞，然后運(yùn)用略讀及尋讀技巧在文中定位相關(guān)信息，最后比對(duì)選項(xiàng)與原文細(xì)節(jié)確定答案。
1. 依據(jù)題干信息，擇定位關(guān)鍵詞
細(xì)節(jié)理解直接信息題一般是對(duì)文章局部內(nèi)容的考查,且題目相對(duì)簡單,所以,不必通篇細(xì)讀全文,可先通過題干信息來選擇定位關(guān)鍵詞。關(guān)鍵詞主要是題干中的名詞、動(dòng)詞和數(shù)詞,即問題的核心信息
2. 依據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞,回原文定位信息進(jìn)行比對(duì)
確定了定位關(guān)鍵詞后,運(yùn)用略讀及尋讀的技巧快速在文章中尋找與題于有關(guān)的關(guān)鍵詞,回到原文進(jìn)行信息定位,然后將選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容與原文信息比對(duì),得出正確答案。
間接信息題：命題隱蔽性強(qiáng)，需將題目信息與原文相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行語義轉(zhuǎn)換、加工或整理，再比對(duì)選項(xiàng)確定答案。
相比直接信息題，命題的隱蔽性更強(qiáng)，正確選項(xiàng)一般都會(huì)在原文基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行改造。此類題目需要考生將題目信息與原文相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行語義上的轉(zhuǎn)換，有時(shí)還需要進(jìn)一步的加工或整理。
概括、歸納信息題：依據(jù)題干找到文中相應(yīng)信息區(qū)間，用自己的語言歸納總結(jié)文中信息，然后挑選與歸納內(nèi)容最接近的選項(xiàng)作為答案。
是指命題人用精煉的語言來概括原文中比較分散或復(fù)雜的信息，這是命題人設(shè)計(jì)細(xì)節(jié)理解題的正確選項(xiàng)時(shí)經(jīng)常使用的手段之一?？忌紫葢?yīng)依據(jù)題干指向，找到文中相應(yīng)的信息區(qū)間，然后嘗試用自己的語言去歸納總結(jié)文中的信息或事實(shí)，然后再看選項(xiàng)，挑選出和自己所歸納總結(jié)的信息最接近的選項(xiàng)作為正確答案。
（二）推理判斷題
題型分類及特點(diǎn)：
細(xì)節(jié)推理判斷題：要求根據(jù)語篇內(nèi)容推斷具體細(xì)節(jié)，常借助短文提供信息或生活常識(shí)進(jìn)行推理，注意題干中常用的如 infer、indicate 等動(dòng)詞。
該類型的命題方式常常以下列形式呈現(xiàn)：
It can be inferred frm the text that ________.
Cmpared with ther similar prducts, the new design ________.
It can be cncluded frm the passage that ________.
The writer/authr indicates/suggests/implies that ________.
觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度推理判斷題：
文章的觀點(diǎn)或結(jié)論推理判斷題：推測文中某一觀點(diǎn)需把握全文中心思想，因?yàn)榇我^點(diǎn)支撐主要論點(diǎn)。
該類型的命題方式常常以下列形式呈現(xiàn)：
·What is the authr’s pinin n
·What des the authr think abut
·Frm the passage we can cnclude that ________.
作者態(tài)度、語氣推理判斷題：通過作者措詞、感情色彩判斷，常見褒義詞、貶義詞、中性詞等表述。
該類型的命題方式常常以下列形式呈現(xiàn)：
·The attitude f the authr twards smebdy/smething is ________.
·The authr’s attitude twards be best described as ________.
·The tne f this passage is best described as ________.
寫作意圖推理判斷題：揣測作者寫作意圖及運(yùn)用寫作手法的目的，要求考生理解文章大意并能歸納總結(jié)、分析作者闡述問題的方法。
該類型的命題方式常常以下列形式呈現(xiàn)：
The main purpse f this text is ________.
What’s the authr’s purpse in writing this article?
It can be cncluded that the passage is mainly written fr ________.
The authr writes this passage t ________.
The authr in this passage intends t ________.
解題要點(diǎn)：嚴(yán)格按閱讀材料信息推斷，避免摻雜個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn)等；注意選項(xiàng)是否為材料簡單重復(fù)而非推斷結(jié)論；關(guān)注文中虛擬語氣和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞；客觀對(duì)待作者敘述事實(shí)，避免主觀推斷；甄別細(xì)節(jié)是否與原文相符。
（三）詞義猜測題
考查內(nèi)容：對(duì)單詞、短語或句子意義的推斷，包括生詞、熟詞新義以及替代詞所替代內(nèi)容的判斷，需根據(jù)短文語境推測。
猜詞技巧：
根據(jù)定義或上下文解釋猜測：利用逗號(hào)、破折號(hào)、括號(hào)等后的解釋判斷詞義。
根據(jù)同位關(guān)系猜測：通過緊跟難詞后的同位語解釋來猜測詞義。
根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜測：依據(jù)前綴、后綴、派生等構(gòu)詞知識(shí)推測詞義。
根據(jù)因果關(guān)系猜測：根據(jù)原因預(yù)測結(jié)果或由結(jié)果找出原因來確定詞義。
根據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系猜測：明確文章中代詞指代的人或物，有時(shí)需總結(jié)前文內(nèi)容得出指代對(duì)象。
根據(jù)同義或近義關(guān)系猜測：利用同句、同段或同篇文章中意思相同或相近的詞來猜測詞義。
根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系猜測：依據(jù)上下句連接詞（如 but、hwever 等）判斷邏輯關(guān)系，從而確定詞義。
（四）主旨大意題
題型分類及設(shè)問方式：
標(biāo)題歸納題：常見設(shè)問如 “The best title f the passage is...” 等，要求選出能準(zhǔn)確概括文章主旨且具概括性、針對(duì)性、醒目性的標(biāo)題。
該類型的命題方式常常以下列形式呈現(xiàn)：
The best title f the passage is ________.
Which f the fllwing is the best title f the passage?
What wuld be the best title fr the passage?
·The mst apprpriate title f the passage is ______.
文章大意題：常見設(shè)問如 “What's the main idea/pint f the passage?” 等，需通過找主題句（利用轉(zhuǎn)折詞、首段疑問句、重復(fù)觀點(diǎn)等方法）或歸納段落中心思想來確定文章整體中心思想。
該類型的命題方式常常以下列形式呈現(xiàn)：
What's the main idea/pint f the passage?
·The passage is mainly abut ________.
·The passage is mainly cncerned abut ________.
·Which f the fllwing best states the main idea f the passage?
段落大意題：常見設(shè)問如 “What des the authr tell us in ” 等，可通過概括段落邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)（總分、分總、分總分等）或揣摩作者暗示來歸納段落大意。
該類型的命題方式常常以下列形式呈現(xiàn)：
What des the authr tell us in Paragraph
The main idea f the secnd paragraph prbably is ________.
The first paragraph is mainly abut ________.
Which f the fllwing can best summarize Para.1?
What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
解題要點(diǎn)：理解標(biāo)題特點(diǎn)，掌握確定文章標(biāo)題的正面肯定法、反面否定法、研讀備選項(xiàng)本身等方法；學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用瀏覽法快速找到主題句；準(zhǔn)確概括段落邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)以歸納段落大意。
例題精練，舉一反三
（一）細(xì)節(jié)理解題示例
A
The Biggest Stadiums in the Wrld
Peple have been puring int stadiums since the days f ancient Greece. In arund 8 A.Q., the Rmans built the Clsseum, which remains the wrld's best knwn stadium are cntinues t infrm cntemprary design. Rme’s Clsseum was 157 feet tall and had 80 entrances, seating 50,000 peple. Hwever, that was small fry cmpared with the city’s Circus Maximus, which accmmdated arund 250,000 peple.
These days, safety regulatins-nt t mentin the mdern sprts fan’s desire fr a gd view and a cmfrtable seat-tend t keep stadium capacities（容量）slightly lwer. Even sccer fans tend t have a seat each; gne are the days f thusands standing t watch the match.
Fr the biggest stadiums in the wrld, we have used data supplied by the Wrld Atlas list s far, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated infrmatin frm fficial stadium websites.
All these stadiums are still functinal, still pen and still hsting the biggest events in wrld sprt.
?Rungrad 1st f May Stadium, Pyngyang, Capacity. 150,000. Opened. May 1,1989.
?Michigan Stadium, Ann Arbr, Michigan, U.S. Capacity: 107,601. Opened. Octber 1, 1927.
?Beaver Stadium, State Cllege, Pennsylvania, U.S. Capacity: 106,572. Opened: September 17, 1960.
?Ohi Stadium, Clumbus, Ohi, U.S. Capacity: 104,944. Opened: Octber 7, 1922.
?Kyle Field, Cllege Statin, Texas, U.S. Capacity: 102,512. Opened: September 24,1927.
21. Hw many peple culd the Circus Maximus hld?
A.104,944.B. 107,601. C. Abut 150,000. D. Abut 250,000.
22. Of the fllwing stadiums, which is the ldest?
A. Michigan Stadium.
B. Beaver Stadium.
C. Ohi Stadium.
D. Kyle Field.
21 題
選 D
根據(jù)文中第一段最后一句 “Hwever, that was small fry cmpared with the city’s Circus Maximus, which accmmdated arund 250,000 peple.”，明確指出 Circus Maximus 能容納大約 250,000 人，題干問其容納人數(shù)，所以選 D，屬于直接細(xì)節(jié)理解題。
22 題
選 C
文中給出 Michigan Stadium 開放于 1927 年 10 月 1 日；Beaver Stadium 開放于 1960 年 9 月 17 日；Ohi Stadium 開放于 1922 年 10 月 7 日；Kyle Field 開放于 1927 年 9 月 24 日，對(duì)比各體育場開放時(shí)間可知 Ohi Stadium 最早，題目問最古老的體育場，所以選 C，屬于直接細(xì)節(jié)理解題。
B
Of the cmmn berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, althugh, because f their seeds, raspberries cntain a little mre prtein (蛋白質(zhì)), irn and zinc (nt that fruits have much prtein). Blueberries are particularly high in antixidants (抗氧化物質(zhì)). The yellw and range stne fruits such as peaches are high in the cartenids we turn int vitamin A and which are antixidants. As fr cherries (櫻桃), they are s delicius wh cares? Hwever, they are rich in vitamin C.
…
24．What des the authr seem t like abut cherries?
A．They cntain prtein.
B．They are high in vitamin A.
C．They have a pleasant taste.
D．They are rich in antixidants.
選 C
根據(jù)該段最后一句 “As fr cherries (櫻桃), they are s delicius wh cares? Hwever, they are rich in vitamin C．” 可知，原文中的 they are s delicius 被替換成選項(xiàng)中的 They have a pleasant taste，為間接細(xì)節(jié)理解題。所以選 C。
C
At present, the wrld has abut 6,800 languages. The distributin f these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild znes have relatively few languages, ften spken by many peple, while ht, wet znes have lts, ften spken by small numbers. Eurpe has nly arund 200 languages; the Americas abut 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, f which Papua New Guinea alne accunts fr well ver 800. The median number (中位數(shù)) f speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the wrld's languages are spken by fewer peple than that.
…
30．Hw many languages are spken by less than 6,000 peple at present?
A．Abut 6,800. B．Abut 3,400.
C．Abut 2,400. D．Abut 1,200.
選 B
文中提到 “The median number (中位數(shù)) f speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the wrld's languages are spken by fewer peple than that.”，全世界語言數(shù)量約 6800 種，一半語言使用人數(shù)少于中位數(shù) 6000 人，經(jīng)計(jì)算大約 3400 種語言使用人數(shù)少于 6000 人，根據(jù)此內(nèi)容可得出答案，屬于直接細(xì)節(jié)理解題，所以選 B。
（二）推理判斷題示例
D
We may think we're a culture that gets rid f ur wrn technlgy at the first sight f smething shiny and new, but a new study shws that we keep using ur ld devices (裝置) well after they g ut f style. That's bad news fr the envirnment — and ur wallets — as these utdated devices cnsume much mre energy than the newer nes that d the same things.
…
32．What des the authr think f new devices?
A．They are envirnment-friendly.
B．They are n better than the ld.
C．They cst mre t use at hme.
D．They g ut f style quickly.
選 A
文中說 “a new study shws that we keep using ur ld devices (裝置) well after they g ut f style. That's bad news fr the envirnment — and ur wallets — as these utdated devices cnsume much mre energy than the newer nes that d the same things.”，指出舊設(shè)備過時(shí)后還在使用且比新設(shè)備耗能多，由此可推斷出新設(shè)備更環(huán)保，通過對(duì)新舊設(shè)備耗能情況對(duì)比分析得出結(jié)論，屬于推理判斷題，所以選 A。
E
We've all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank r n an airplane, surrunded by peple wh are, like us, deeply fcused n their smartphnes r, wrse, struggling with the uncmfrtable silence.
…
32．What phenmenn is described in the first paragraph?
A．Addictin t smartphnes.
B．Inapprpriate behaviurs in public places.
C．Absence f cmmunicatin between strangers.
D．Impatience with slw service.
選 C
第一段描述了在電梯、銀行排隊(duì)或者飛機(jī)上，人們都專注于自己的智能手機(jī)或者忍受著尷尬的沉默，體現(xiàn)出陌生人之間缺乏交流的現(xiàn)象，通過對(duì)所描述場景的歸納總結(jié)得出結(jié)論，屬于推理判斷題，所以選 C。
F
[1]Many f us lve July because it's the mnth when nature's berries and stne fruits are in abundance. These clurful and sweet jewels frm British Clumbia's fields are little pwerhuses f nutritinal prtectin.
[2]Of the cmmn berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, althugh, because f their seeds, raspberries cntain a little mre prtein (蛋白質(zhì)), irn and zinc (nt that fruits have much prtein). Blueberries are particularly high in antixidants (抗氧化物質(zhì)). The yellw and range stne fruits such as peaches are high in the cartenids we turn int vitamin A and which are antixidants. As fr cherries (櫻桃), they are s delicius wh cares? Hwever, they are rich in vitamin C.
[3]When cmbined with berries r slices f ther fruits, frzen bananas make an excellent base fr thick, cling fruit shakes and lw fat “ice cream”. Fr this purpse, select ripe bananas fr freezing as they are much sweeter. Remve the skin and place them in plastic bags r cntainers and freeze. If yu like, a squeeze f fresh lemn juice n the bananas will prevent them turning brwn. Frzen bananas will last several weeks, depending n their ripeness and the temperature f the freezer.
[4]If yu have a_juicer,_yu can simply feed in frzen bananas and sme berries r sliced fruit. Out cmes a “sft-serve” creamy dessert, t be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity fr a children's party; they lve feeding the fruit and frzen bananas int the tp f the machine and watching the ice cream cme ut belw.
27．Frm which is the text prbably taken?
A．A bilgy textbk. B．A health magazine.
C．A research paper. D．A travel brchure.
選 B
文章先是介紹了各種漿果富含的營養(yǎng)成分，接著講了用香蕉等制作健康的甜品，整體內(nèi)容圍繞食物的營養(yǎng)以及相關(guān)健康吃法，從內(nèi)容主題角度判斷其出處，屬于推理判斷題，所以最有可能出自健康雜志，選 B。
（三）詞義猜測題示例
G
Sn afterwards, many f thse peple started settling dwn t becme farmers, and their languages t became mre settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisatin, the develpment f the natin-state and the spread f universal cmpulsry educatin, especially glbalisatin and better cmmunicatins in the past few decades, all have caused many languages t disappear, and dminant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking ver.
29．Which f the fllwing best explains “dminant” underlined in paragraph 2?
A．Cmplex. B．Advanced.
C．Pwerful. D．Mdern.
選 C
文中提到 “ have caused many languages t disappear, and dminant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking ver.”，很多語言消失了，而像英語、西班牙語、漢語這些語言正在逐漸占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位，這里 “dminant” 意思是有強(qiáng)大影響力、占優(yōu)勢(shì)的，“Pwerful” 與之意思相近，通過對(duì)上下文語義及詞語含義的理解來判斷詞義，屬于詞義猜測題，所以選 C。
H
I am Peter Hdes, a vlunteer stem cell curier. Since March 2012, I've dne 89 trips — f thse, 51 have been abrad. I have 42 hurs t carry stem cells (干細(xì)胞) in my little bx because I've gt tw ice packs and that's hw lng they last. In all, frm the time the stem cells are harvested frm a dnr (捐獻(xiàn)者) t the time they can be implanted in the patient, we've gt 72 hurs at mst. S I am always cnscius f time.
29．Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined wrd “curier” in Paragraph 1?
A．prvider B．delivery man
C．cllectr D．medical dctr
選 B
文中 “I've dne 89 trips — f thse, 51 have been abrad. I have 42 hurs t carry stem cells (干細(xì)胞) in my little bx...” 表明 “我” 要帶著干細(xì)胞到處跑，也就是負(fù)責(zé)運(yùn)送干細(xì)胞，“curier” 在這里相當(dāng)于 “delivery man（送貨員、傳遞者）”，通過對(duì)句子描述行為的分析來猜測詞義，屬于詞義猜測題，所以選 B。
I
[2]Despite the celebratins, thugh, in the U．S.the jazz audience cntinues t shrink and grw lder, and the music has failed t cnnect with yunger generatins.
[3]It's Jasn Mran's jb t help change that.As the Kennedy Center's artistic adviser fr jazz, Mran hpes t widen the audience fr jazz, make the music mre accessible, and preserve its histry and culture.
…
29．What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A．Jazz becming mre accessible.
B．The prductin f jazz grwing faster.
C．Jazz being less ppular with the yung.
D．The jazz audience becming larger.
選 C
文中提到 “Despite the celebratins, thugh, in the U．S.the jazz audience cntinues t shrink and grw lder, and the music has failed t cnnect with yunger generatins. It's Jasn Mran's jb t help change that.”，that 指代前面提到的爵士樂不受年輕人歡迎、觀眾減少變老的情況，通過對(duì)前后文指代關(guān)系的分析來確定詞義，屬于詞義猜測題，所以選 C。
（四）主旨大意題示例
J
Gd Mrning Britain's Susanna Reid is used t grilling guests n the sfa every mrning, but she is cking up a strm in her latest rle — shwing families hw t prepare delicius and nutritius meals n a tight budget.
In Save Mney: Gd Fd, she visits a different hme each week and with the help f chef Matt Tebbutt ffers tp tips n hw t reduce fd waste, while preparing recipes fr under ￡5 per family a day. And the Gd Mrning Britain presenter says she's been able t put a lt f what she's learnt int practice in her wn hme, preparing meals fr sns, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11.
“We lve Mexican churrs, s I buy them n my phne frm my lcal Mexican takeaway restaurant，” she explains. “I pay ￡5 fr a prtin (一份), but Matt makes them fr 26p a prtin, because they are flur, water, sugar and il. Everybdy can buy takeaway fd, but smetimes we're nt aware hw cheaply we can make this fd urselves.”
The eight-part series (系列節(jié)目), Save Mney: Gd Fd, fllws in the ftsteps f ITV's Save Mney: Gd Health, which gave viewers advice n hw t get value frm the vast range f health prducts n the market.
With fd ur biggest weekly husehld expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tnight's Easter special they cme t the aid f a family in need f sme delicius inspiratin n a budget. The team transfrms the family's lng weekend f celebratin with less expensive but still tasty recipes.
27．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Keeping Fit by Eating Smart
B．Balancing Our Daily Diet
C．Making Yurself a Perfect Chef
D．Cking Well fr Less
選 D
文章圍繞 Susanna Reid 在節(jié)目中教大家如何在預(yù)算緊張的情況下準(zhǔn)備美味又營養(yǎng)的飯菜展開，重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)用較少的錢做出好的食物，“Cking Well fr Less” 能很好地概括這一主旨，通過對(duì)文章整體內(nèi)容核心的提煉來確定標(biāo)題，屬于主旨大意題，所以選 D。
K
Languages have been cming and ging fr thusands f years, but in recent times there has been less cming and a lt mre ging. When the wrld was still ppulated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (聯(lián)系) grups develped their wn patterns f speech independent f each ther. Sme language experts believe that 10,000 years ag, when the wrld had just five t ten millin peple, they spke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
Sn afterwards, many f thse peple started settling dwn t becme farmers, and their languages t became mre settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisatin, the develpment f the natin-state and the spread f universal cmpulsry educatin, especially glbalisatin and better cmmunicatins in the past few decades, all have caused many languages t disappear, and dminant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking ver.
At present, the wrld has abut 6,800 languages. The distributin f these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild znes have relatively few languages, ften spken by many peple, while ht, wet znes have lts, ften spken by small numbers. Eurpe has nly arund 200 languages; the Americas abut 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, f which Papua New Guinea alne accunts fr well ver 800. The median number (中位數(shù)) f speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the wrld's languages are spken by fewer peple than that.
Already well ver 400 f the ttal f 6,800 languages are clse t extinctin (消亡), with nly a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at randm, Busuu in Camern (eight remaining speakers), Chiapanec in Mexic (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (tw r three) r Wadjigu in Australia (ne, with a questin-mark): nne f these seems t have much chance f survival.
31．What is the main idea f the text?
A．New languages will be created.
B．Peple's lifestyles are reflected in languages.
C．Human develpment results in fewer languages.
D．Gegraphy determines language evlutin.
選 C
文章先是回顧過去語言數(shù)量眾多，然后闡述隨著人類發(fā)展，如人們從狩獵采集轉(zhuǎn)為農(nóng)耕、貿(mào)易、工業(yè)化、國家發(fā)展、全球化等因素，導(dǎo)致很多語言消失，現(xiàn)在語言數(shù)量變少，整體體現(xiàn)了人類發(fā)展使語言數(shù)量減少這一核心內(nèi)容，通過對(duì)文章整體行文脈絡(luò)及核心觀點(diǎn)的梳理總結(jié)得出主旨，屬于主旨大意題，所以選 C。
L
Terrafugia Inc. said Mnday that its new flying car has cmpleted its first flight, bringing the cmpany clser t its gal f selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle — named the Transitin — has tw seats, fur wheels and wings that fld up s it can be driven like a car. The Transitin, which flew at 1,400 feet fr eight minutes last mnth, can reach arund 70 miles per hur n the rad and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23-galln tank f gas and burns 5 gallns per hur in the air. On the grund, it gets 35 miles per galln.
…
28．What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A．The basic data f the Transitin.B．The advantages f flying cars.
C．The ptential market fr flying cars.D．The designers f the Transitin.
選 A
第一段主要介紹了 Terrafugia 公司新飛行汽車 Transitin 的相關(guān)基本數(shù)據(jù)，比如座位數(shù)、輪子數(shù)、飛行高度、飛行時(shí)長、不同狀態(tài)下的速度、油耗等信息，通過對(duì)段落內(nèi)容描述對(duì)象及具體內(nèi)容的歸納概括，可知是在介紹基本數(shù)據(jù)，屬于主旨大意題，所以選 A。
記敘文部分（A-E）
A
（2024高二下·湖南·學(xué)業(yè)考試）14-year-ld Leanne Fan frm San Dieg, Califrnia, was named the grand prize winner f the 2022 3M Yung Scientist Challenge, the natin’s tp middle schl science cmpetitin.
Leanne Fan develped the Finsen Headphnes, a lw-cst headphne device that uses machine learning and blue light therapy (療法) t detect and treat mid-ear infectins (感染) in children — ptentially preventing up t 60% f hearing lss in children. The wrld sees 700 millin cases f mid-ear infectins every year. Fan hpes that this can be an effective and lw-cst treatment ptin fr the thusands wh are affected.
Fan was inspired t create the headphnes three years ag while learning abut Niels Finsen, wh wn the Nbel Prize in 1903 after inventing light therapy t treat bacterial (細(xì)菌的) infectins. “I thught, ‘This is an amazing idea, and I can apply it t smething else in my daily life,’” Fan said.
Fan tk hme the tp prize, earning the title f “America’s Tp Yung Scientist” and $25,000. She is planning t use sme f the prize mney t start the patent prcess fr the headphnes. Fan is ptimistic that the Finsen Headphnes will be able t help peple in the near future.
“Being part f the 3M Yung Scientist Challenge was abslutely the best part f my year,” Fan said. “I culd meet scientists that are my age and ging fr their dreams t, and made sme friends.” She hpes t inspire ther girls wh want t becme inventrs. “Even a small idea can g far,” she said. “I had an idea t use blue light t kill bacteria and three years later, I’m here.”
1．What is the secnd paragraph mainly abut?
A．The cst f the headphne device.B．The prcess f blue light therapy.
C．The descriptin f the headphnes.D．The cases f mid-ear infectins.
2．What inspired Leanne Fan t create the headphnes?
A．Her wn daily life.
B．Her desire fr the Nbel Prize.
C．The facts f bacterial infectins.
D．Niels Finsen’s inventin f light therapy.
3．Which f the fllwing can best describe Fan?
A．Outging.B．Patient.C．Creative.D．Hardwrking.
4．What can we learn frm Fan’s stry?
A．Even a small idea can g far.B．Many hands make light wrk.
C．Rses given, fragrance in hand.D．Actins speak luder than wrds.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．A
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。本文介紹了一位來自加州的14歲女孩Leanne Fan在2022年3M青年科學(xué)家挑戰(zhàn)賽中榮獲大獎(jiǎng)，她發(fā)明的芬森耳機(jī)使用機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)和藍(lán)光療法來檢測和治療兒童中耳炎，有望預(yù)防高達(dá)60%的兒童聽力損失。
1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Leanne Fan develped the Finsen Headphnes, a lw-cst headphne device that uses machine learning and blue light therapy (療法) t detect and treat mid-ear infectins (感染) in children(Leanne Fan開發(fā)了Finsen耳機(jī)，這是一種低成本的耳機(jī)設(shè)備，使用機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)和藍(lán)光療法來檢測和治療兒童中耳感染)”可知，第二段主要描述了Fan發(fā)明的Finsen Headphnes的特點(diǎn)和功能，因此，該段主要是描述這款耳機(jī)。故選C。
2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Fan was inspired t create the headphnes three years ag while learning abut Niels Finsen, wh wn the Nbel Prize in 1903 after inventing light therapy t treat bacterial (細(xì)菌的) infectins.( 三年前，F(xiàn)an在了解Niels Finsen時(shí)受到啟發(fā)，他發(fā)明了治療細(xì)菌感染的光療，于1903年獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)。)”以及本段中“This is an amazing idea, and I can apply it t smething else in my daily life(這是一個(gè)神奇的想法，我可以把它應(yīng)用到我日常生活中的其他事情上)”可知，F(xiàn)an在了解Niels Finsen用光療治療細(xì)菌感染并獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)后，想到了將這一理念應(yīng)用到她的日常生活中，從而發(fā)明了耳機(jī)。故選D。
3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Leanne Fan develped the Finsen Headphnes, a lw-cst headphne device that uses machine learning and blue light therapy (療法) t detect and treat mid-ear infectins (感染) in children(Leanne Fan開發(fā)了Finsen耳機(jī)，這是一種低成本的耳機(jī)設(shè)備，使用機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)和藍(lán)光療法來檢測和治療兒童中耳感染)”可知，F(xiàn)an是一個(gè)有創(chuàng)造力的人，她開發(fā)了使用機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)和藍(lán)光療法來檢測和治療中耳炎的耳機(jī)。這表明她具有創(chuàng)新思維和解決問題的能力，因此最能描述她的詞是C選項(xiàng)“Creative”（有創(chuàng)造力的）。故選C。
4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中““Even a small idea can g far,” she said. “I had an idea t use blue light t kill bacteria and three years later, I’m here.”(“即使是一個(gè)很小的想法也可以走得很遠(yuǎn)，”她說?！拔矣幸粋€(gè)想法，用藍(lán)光殺死細(xì)菌，三年后，我在這里?！?”可知，通過Fan的話，表明了即使是一個(gè)小小的想法，只要有勇氣和努力，也可以取得很大的成就。A選項(xiàng)“Even a small idea can g far.( 即使是一個(gè)小想法也能走得很遠(yuǎn)。)”符合題意。故選A。
B
（2024高二下·湖北·學(xué)業(yè)考試）Every day fr the last three years, millinaire (百萬富翁) Zhng Cngrng has picked up rubbish in his neighbrhd and spread the envirnmental awareness t the residents f Chngqing.
In fact, the Chngqing businessman’s anti-littering campaign was inspired by a family trip t Hainan during Chinese New Year in 2015. There, he met a retired prfessr frm Tsinghua University wh had been picking up rubbish alng the beach fr fur years. Zhng started cpying the practice arund his hme the day after he returned frm vacatin.
Zhng encurages his emplyees — wh are likely t be given 10-yuan fines if they litter at wrk — t jin his campaign, t. But he knws that the prblem can’t be slved quickly, and that brader measures must be carried ut t achieve lng-term success.
At first, Zhng’s wife and children felt embarrassed by his behavir. Fr a while, they even refused t walk next t him in public. Later, hwever, their attitudes changed, as they realized that their neighbrhd was indeed becming cleaner, and Zhng was being praised by their neighbrs. Nw, Zhng’s wife has becme an anti-littering campaigner herself.
“The envirnment remains dirty n matter hw many rubbish cllectrs there are,” Zhng said. “The nly slutin is t remind peple f the results f littering and hpe that it might change their behavir.”
5．What made Zhng Cngrng decide t pick up rubbish?
A．A trip t Hainan.B．A business meeting.C．A prfessr’s lecture.
6．What des Zhng d if his emplyees litter at wrk?
A．Shut at them.B．Fire them at nce.C．Punish them.
7．What was Zhng’s wife’s attitude t his behavir at first?
A．Angry.B．Jyful.C．Ashamed.
8．What’s the best title fr the text?
A．Zhng Cngrng and His Big Dream
B．A Millinaire Wh Picks Up Rubbish
C．A Millinaire and His Envirnmental Grups
【答案】5．A 6．C 7．C 8．B
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。一位重慶的百萬富翁為了環(huán)境變得更加美麗，連續(xù)三年義務(wù)撿垃圾。
5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“In fact, the Chngqing businessman’s anti-littering campaign was inspired by a family trip t Hainan during Chinese New Year in 2015. (事實(shí)上，這位重慶商人發(fā)起反垃圾運(yùn)動(dòng)的靈感來自于2015年春節(jié)期間全家去海南旅游。)”可知，他決定撿垃圾是與一次海南旅游有關(guān)。故選A。
6．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Zhng encurages his emplyees—wh are likely t be given 10-yuan fines if they litter at wrk—t jin his campaign, t. (鐘鼓勵(lì)他的員工也加入到他的行動(dòng)中來，如果他們?cè)诠ぷ鲌鏊鶃y扔垃圾，可能會(huì)被罰款10元。)”可知，如果他的員工在工作的時(shí)候被發(fā)現(xiàn)亂丟垃圾會(huì)被罰款10元。故選C。
7．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“At first, Zhng’s wife and children felt embarrassed by his behavir. (起初，鐘的妻子和孩子對(duì)他的行為感到尷尬。)”可知，他的妻子最初對(duì)他的行為感到尷尬。故選C。
8．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Every day fr the last three years, millinaire (百萬富翁) Zhng Cngrng has picked up rubbish in his neighbrhd and spread the envirnmental awareness t the residents f Chngqing.(在過去的三年里，百萬富翁鐘聰榮（音譯）每天都在他家附近撿垃圾，向重慶居民傳播環(huán)保意識(shí)。)”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章介紹的是一位重慶的百萬富翁為了環(huán)境變得更加美麗，連續(xù)三年義務(wù)撿垃圾。因此，B選項(xiàng)“A Millinaire Wh Picks Up Rubbish(撿垃圾的百萬富翁)”概括文章主要內(nèi)容，符合本文標(biāo)題。故選B。
C
（2023高一下·吉林·學(xué)業(yè)考試）In a few minutes, schl was t start. My six-year-ld sn, Dustin, was crying. “I dn’t want t g,” he said. Ever since he’d entered first grade, he had hated schl. “What’s ging n? If he hates schl this much nw, hw bad will it be later n? ” I wndered. Every kid smetimes dislikes schl s much that five t ten percent f them dn’t want t attend. “If a child seems wrried r anxius abut schl, pretends illness t stay hme, r wn’t talk abut things f the schl day, yu shuld be cncerned (關(guān)心),” says a schl psychlgist (心理學(xué)家), Michael Martin.
Luckily, yu can usually slve the prblem smetimes very easily. In ur case, my husband and I visited Dustin’s class and nticed that the teacher, just ut f cllege, called nly n kids wh sat right under her nse, Dustin, wh ften sat near the back, was ignred (忽視). We simply tld him t mve t the frnt. He did, and he was happy again.
9．Hw did the authr feel when her sn didn’t want t g t schl?
A．She felt happy.B．She felt wrried.
C．She felt nthing imprtant.D．She felt hpeful.
10．Which f the fllwing shws that a child likes ging t schl?
A．He hates t talk abut schl.B．He pretends t be ill at schl time.
C．He enjys ging t schl even if he is sick.D．He feels anxius when ging t schl every day.
11．What’s the reasn why Dustin dislikes ging t schl?
A．He feels ignred in class.B．He is afraid f his teacher.
C．He is laughed at by his classmates.D．He can’t answer the teacher’s questins.
【答案】9．B 10．C 11．A
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述作者的兒子Dustin剛上一年級(jí)就非常討厭上學(xué)。作者擔(dān)心他的學(xué)習(xí)狀態(tài)，并引用了一位學(xué)校心理學(xué)家的話，說明如果孩子對(duì)學(xué)校表現(xiàn)出擔(dān)憂或焦慮，家長應(yīng)該關(guān)注。最后，作者通過讓Dustin換到教室前排的位置，解決了他的問題。
9．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“If he hates schl this much nw, hw bad will it be later n? (如果他現(xiàn)在這么討厭學(xué)校，以后會(huì)有多糟糕呢?)”可知，作者認(rèn)為如果她兒子現(xiàn)在就這么不喜歡上學(xué)，那以后會(huì)更糟糕。因此，當(dāng)兒子不想上學(xué)時(shí)，作者感到很擔(dān)憂。故選B項(xiàng)。
10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“If a child seems wrried r anxius abut schl, pretends illness t stay hme, r wn’t talk abut things f the schl day, yu shuld be cncerned (關(guān)心) (如果一個(gè)孩子似乎對(duì)學(xué)校感到擔(dān)心或焦慮，假裝生病呆在家里，或者不愿意談?wù)撋蠈W(xué)的事情，你應(yīng)該擔(dān)心了)”可知，如果一個(gè)孩子不喜歡上學(xué)，他會(huì)對(duì)上學(xué)感到焦慮，他就會(huì)假裝生病待在家里，或者不愿意談?wù)搶W(xué)校的事情。反之，如何一個(gè)孩子喜歡上學(xué)，即使生病了，他也會(huì)喜歡去學(xué)校。故選C項(xiàng)。
11．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Luckily, yu can usually slve the prblem smetimes very easily. In ur case, my husband and I visited Dustin’s class and nticed that the teacher, just ut f cllege, called nly n kids wh sat right under her nse, Dustin, wh ften sat near the back, was ignred (忽視).(幸運(yùn)的是，你通?？梢院苋菀椎亟鉀Q這個(gè)問題。在我們的例子中，我和丈夫去了達(dá)斯汀的班級(jí)，注意到那位剛從大學(xué)畢業(yè)的老師只點(diǎn)名坐在她鼻子底下的孩子，而經(jīng)常坐在后排的達(dá)斯汀卻被忽視了)”可知，Dustin不喜歡上學(xué)的原因是因?yàn)樗谡n堂上被老師忽視了。故選A項(xiàng)。
D
（2024高二下·湖南婁底·學(xué)業(yè)考試）Agassi was very emtinal at the end f his final game. On September 3, the American tennis player said a tearful gdbye t his 21-year career after a third-rund defeat in the US Open. The 36-year-ld tried his best, but was unable t keep up with German Benjamin Becker, mre than ten years his junir.
"The screbard said I lst tday, but what the screbard desn't say is what I've fund," Agassi said t the fans. "I have fund inspiratin and yu willed me t succeed." It was an emtinal speech at the end f a lng career. Agassi hated tennis as a teenager as much as he lves it nw. His father made him play when he was a child. He gt bred, and became a rebel（叛逆者）. The strict training that his father pushed upn him gt in the way f his wild lifestyle.
Asked what he wuld say t his 17-year-ld self, Agassi answered, "I wuld say, I understand yu a lt mre than I want t be yu."
The turning pint in Agassi's career came in 1992 when he unexpectedly wn his first Grand Slam at Wimbledn. It was the first time Agassi understd what real champins finally understand: winning is a test f nerves and nt just pwer; it's a marathn, nt a sprint（短跑）.
Agassi was abut t begin a marathn. He cut his lng hair, gt fitter and tightened up emtinally. On the curt, he was ranked N. 1 fr almst tw years. His lwest pint came in 1997 when his ranking drpped t N. 141. He didn't quit thugh. "I knew that I wuld try t get the mst ut f myself every day frm that day frward. That was my prmise," he said. "That never stpped."
12．Why was Agassi very emtinal when saying gdbye t his career?
A．Because he lst t an lder player.
B．Because this career has brught him s much.
C．Because he felt sad fr the best player.
D．Because he felt srry fr his lifestyle.
13．Frm his speech, we can see that ______.
A．he was thankful t his fansB．he refused t accept failure
C．he wished he hadn't hated tennisD．he decided t run a marathn
14．Thrugh w?nning, Agassi learned that ______.
A．he didn't try his best in his careerB．it tk a lng time fr anyne t win
C．peple need t never give up t winD．winning nce r twice is nt enugh
15．It can be inferred frm the passage that Agassi's father ______.
A．was an excellent tennis playerB．was gd at raising Agassi
C．spent mst f his time training his snD．played a key rle in his tennis career
【答案】12．B 13．A 14．C 15．D
【導(dǎo)語】本文是記敘文。文章講述了網(wǎng)球運(yùn)動(dòng)員阿加西退役時(shí)的演講，并講述了阿加西的網(wǎng)球生涯。
12．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“It was an emtinal speech at the end f a lng career. Agassi hated tennis as a teenager as much as he lves it nw.(這是他漫長職業(yè)生涯結(jié)束時(shí)的一次感人的演講。阿加西十幾歲時(shí)像現(xiàn)在非常喜歡網(wǎng)球一樣非常討厭網(wǎng)球。)”，第四段的“It was the first time Agassi understd what real champins finally understand: “winning is a test f nerves and nt just pwer; it’s a marathn, nt a sprint (短跑)”.(這是阿加西第一次理解真正的冠軍最終理解的東西：“獲勝是對(duì)神經(jīng)的測試，而不僅僅是力量；這是馬拉松，不是短跑)”，以及第五段的“Agassi was abut t begin a marathn.He cut his lng hair, gt fitter and tightened up emtinally.( 一場馬拉松式的阿加西賽即將開始。他剪了長發(fā)，變得更健康，情緒繃緊)”可推斷，阿加西開始并不喜歡網(wǎng)球，最終改掉了不良習(xí)慣，變得積極向上，因此推斷，退役時(shí)阿加西情緒激動(dòng)是因?yàn)榫W(wǎng)球帶給他很多東西。故選B。
13．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“‘The screbard said I lst tday, but what the screbard desn’t say is what I’ve fund,’ Agassi said t the fans. ‘I have fund inspiratin and yu willed me t succeed.’(阿加西對(duì)球迷說:“記分牌上說我今天輸了，但記分牌上沒有說我找到了什么?！薄拔艺业搅遂`感，你們想要讓我成功?！?”可知，阿加西感謝自己的球迷。故選A。
14．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“It was the first time Agassi understd what real champins finally understand: ‘winning is a test f nerves and nt just pwer; it’s a marathn, nt a sprint (短跑)’.(這是阿加西第一次明白真正的冠軍最終明白的道理:“勝利是對(duì)勇氣的考驗(yàn)，而不僅僅是力量的考驗(yàn);這是一場馬拉松，不是短跑?！?”可知，通過勝利，阿加西了解到人勝利是對(duì)勇氣的考驗(yàn)，勝利是一場馬拉松，不僅僅是力量的考驗(yàn)，也就是要不放棄，才能獲得勝利。故選C。
15．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“Agassi hated tennis as a teenager as much as he lves it nw. His father made him play when he was a child. He gt bred, and became a rebel (叛逆者). The strict training that his father pushed upn him gt in the way f his wild lifestyle.( 阿加西十幾歲時(shí)像現(xiàn)在非常喜歡網(wǎng)球一樣非常討厭網(wǎng)球。當(dāng)他還是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，他的父親讓他打網(wǎng)球。他厭倦了，變成了一個(gè)叛逆者。他父親強(qiáng)加給他的嚴(yán)格訓(xùn)練妨礙了他狂野的生活方式。)”可推斷，阿加西父親在阿加西選擇自己的職業(yè)方面起了很大的作用。故選C。
E
（2024高二下·安徽·學(xué)業(yè)考試）When yu are little, the whle wrld feels like a big playgrund. I was living in Cnyers, Gergia the summer it all happened. I was a secnd grader, but my best friend Stephanie was nly in the first grade. Bth f ur parents were at wrk and mst f the time they let us g ur wn way.
It was a ht afternn and we decided t have an adventure in Stephanie’s basement. As I pened the basement dr, befre us lay the biggest rm, full f amazing things like guns, dlls, and ld clthes. I ran dwnstairs, and sptted a red steel can. It was paint. I lked beynd it and there lay even mre paint in bright clrs like purple, range, blue and green.
“Stephanie, I just fund us a prject fr the day. Get sme paintbrushes. We are fixing t paint.” She screamed with excitement as I tld her f my secret plans and immediately we gt t wrk. We gathered all the brushes we culd find and mved all f ur materials t my yard. There n the rad in frnt f my huse, we painted big stripes (條紋) f clrs acrss the pavement. Strip e by stripe, ur clrs turned int a beautiful rainbw. It was fantastic!
The sun was starting t sink. I saw a car in the distance and jumped up as I recgnized the car. It was my mther. I culdn’t wait t shw her my masterpiece. The car pulled slwly int the driveway and frm the lk n my mther’s face, I culd tell that I was in deep truble.
My mther shut the car dr and walked twards me. Her eyes glaring she shuted, “What in the wrld were yu thinking? I understd when yu made castles ut f leaves, and climbed the neighbrs’ trees, but this! Cme inside right nw!” I std there glaring back at her fr a minute, angry because she had insulted (侮辱) my art.
“Nw g clean it up!” Mther and I began cleaning the rad. Tears ran dwn my cheeks as I saw my beautiful rainbw turn int black cement.
Thugh years have nw passed, I still wnder where my rainbw has gne. I wnder if, maybe when I get lder, I can find my rainbw and never have t brush it away. I guess we all need sme srt f rainbw t brighten ur lives frm time t time and t keep ur hpes and dreams clrful.
16．What did the writer d with his friend in that afternn?
A．They cunted the tys in the huse.
B．They painted a picture n the rad.
C．They made a prject in the rm.
D．They mved the paints t the basement.
17．What did the writer want t d when his mther came hme?
A．T shw his artwrk t her.
B．T intrduce Stephanie t her.
C．T put the materials back in the yard.
D．T prevent her frm seeing his painting.
18．In the mther’s eyes, what was the writer like?
A．He was a brn artist.B．He wrked very hard.
C．He was a prblem slver.D．He always caused truble.
19．What des the underlined wrd “rainbw” in the last paragraph mean?
A．The beautiful rainbw in the sky.
B．The stripes painted n the pavement.
C．Smething imaginative and fun.
D．Imprtant lessns learned in childhd.
20．What shuld parents d accrding t the writer?
A．They shuld prtect children’s dreams.
B．They shuld encurage children t paint.
C．They shuld value friendship amng children.
D．They shuld discver the hidden talent in children.
【答案】16．B 17．A 18．D 19．C 20．A
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者小時(shí)候和朋友在馬路上畫畫的故事，作者的媽媽認(rèn)為他們?cè)趽v亂，把畫好的畫沖洗掉了，當(dāng)時(shí)作者非常傷心，多年過去后，作者還是很懷念自己畫的彩虹。
16．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“There n the rad in frnt f my huse, we painted big stripes (條紋) f clrs acrss the pavement.（在我家門前的路上，我們?cè)谌诵械郎袭嬃舜蟠蟮牟噬珬l紋。）”可知，作者和他的朋友那天下午在路上畫畫。故選B項(xiàng)。
17．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“I culdn’t wait t shw her my masterpiece.（我迫不及待地想給她看我的杰作。）”可知，當(dāng)作者的媽媽回家時(shí)，作者想把他的藝術(shù)品展示給她看。故選A項(xiàng)。
18．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Her eyes glaring she shuted, “What in the wrld were yu thinking? I understd when yu made castles ut f leaves, and climbed the neighbrs’ trees, but this! Cme inside right nw!”（她瞪著眼睛喊道：“你到底在想什么？當(dāng)你用樹葉做城堡，爬上鄰居的樹時(shí)，我能理解，但這次！馬上進(jìn)來！”）”可推知，在媽媽眼里，作者總是惹麻煩。故選D項(xiàng)。
19．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“I guess we all need sme srt f rainbw t brighten ur lives frm time t time and t keep ur hpes and dreams clrful.（我想我們都需要某種rainbw時(shí)不時(shí)地照亮我們的生活，讓我們的希望和夢(mèng)想豐富多彩。）”可推知，rainbw 指的是“一些富有想象力和樂趣的東西”，能夠使我們的希望和夢(mèng)想豐富多彩，故選C項(xiàng)。
20．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段“I std there glaring back at her fr a minute, angry because she had insulted (侮辱) my art.（我站在那兒回頭盯著她片刻，很生氣，因?yàn)樗耆枇宋业乃囆g(shù)。）”以及最后一段“I still wnder where my rainbw has gne. I wnder if, maybe when I get lder, I can find my rainbw and never have t brush it away.（我仍然想知道我的彩虹去了哪里。我想知道，也許當(dāng)我長大后，我能找到我的彩虹，永遠(yuǎn)不用把它擦掉。）”可推知，作者認(rèn)為父母應(yīng)該保護(hù)孩子的夢(mèng)想。故選A項(xiàng)。
說明文部分（F-J）
F
（2024高二下·湖南·學(xué)業(yè)考試）It’s difficult nt t admire the talent f a skilled musician. Whether it is a pianist, vilinist r cellist, they have made great effrts t reach the highest levels f perfrmance. But they say it’s never t late t learn. S what are the benefits, fr bth children and adults, in learning a musical instrument?
Learning t play a musical instrument when grwing up can imprve hearing in adulthd. Accrding t a study by Dr Nina Kraus, Prfessr f Neurbilgy at Nrthwestern University in Illinis, US, children wh played musical instruments were better at recgnizing different frequencies (頻率). This imprved hearing skill carried ver int later life with adults wh had nce played an instrument able t recgnize sunds f different pitches (音高) mre easily.
And it culd als have sme academic benefits t. A study cnducted by the University f British Clumbia fund that students wh tk part in music-related activities during grades 7-12 scred much higher in science, English and maths.
In additin, there are benefits fr adults as well. Whether yu chse t play the pian, pick a guitar r learn a drumbeat, yu culd end up jining a band. This in turn culd imprve yur scial life, meeting ther bandmates wh are likeminded in their lve f music.
S, whether yu’re lking t imprve yur grades r yur scial life, maybe taking up an instrument culd help yu.
21．Accrding t the study by Dr Nina Kraus, playing a musical instrument can ________.
A．enrich children’s schl life
B．imprve hearing in adulthd
C．help children realize their dreams
D．inspire children t becme mre respnsible
22．What des the underlined wrd “This” in Para. 4 refer t?
A．Playing the pian.B．Picking a guitar.
C．Learning a drumbeat.D．Jining a band.
23．Hw many benefits f learning a musical instrument are mentined in the text?
A．One.B．Tw.C．Three.D．Fur.
24．What’s the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A．T share relaxatin ways.
B．T stress academic benefits.
C．T intrduce practical musical skills.
D．T encurage readers t take up an instrument.
【答案】21．B 22．D 23．C 24．D
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。本文探討了學(xué)習(xí)樂器對(duì)兒童和成年人的益處。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，學(xué)習(xí)樂器可以提高成年后的聽力能力，同時(shí)對(duì)學(xué)術(shù)成績也有積極影響。此外，學(xué)習(xí)樂器還能豐富成年人的社交生活。
21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Learning t play a musical instrument when grwing up can imprve hearing in adulthd. Accrding t a study by Dr Nina Kraus, Prfessr f Neurbilgy at Nrthwestern University in Illinis, US, children wh played musical instruments were better at recgnizing different frequencies (頻率). This imprved hearing skill carried ver int later life with adults wh had nce played an instrument able t recgnize sunds f different pitches (音高) mre easily.( 在成長過程中學(xué)習(xí)一種樂器可以改善成年后的聽力。根據(jù)美國伊利諾斯州西北大學(xué)神經(jīng)生物學(xué)教授Nina Kraus博士的一項(xiàng)研究，演奏樂器的孩子更善于識(shí)別不同的頻率。這種聽力技能的提高會(huì)延續(xù)到以后的生活中，那些曾經(jīng)演奏過樂器的成年人更容易識(shí)別不同音高的聲音。)”可知，根據(jù)Dr Nina Kraus的研究，學(xué)習(xí)演奏樂器可以提高成年后的聽力。故選B。
22．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第四段中劃線詞前面的信息“Whether yu chse t play the pian, pick a guitar r learn a drumbeat, yu culd end up jining a band. (無論你選擇彈鋼琴、彈吉他還是學(xué)打鼓，你最終都有可能加入一個(gè)樂隊(duì)。)”可知，無論你選擇彈鋼琴、彈吉他還是學(xué)打鼓，你最終都有可能加入一個(gè)樂隊(duì)。加入樂隊(duì)這一行為，它進(jìn)而可以改善你的社交生活。因此劃線詞與D選項(xiàng)“Jining a band.(加入一個(gè)樂隊(duì))”表述信息一致。故選D。
23．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Learning t play a musical instrument when grwing up can imprve hearing in adulthd. (在成長過程中學(xué)習(xí)一種樂器可以改善成年后的聽力。)”以及第三段中“ A study cnducted by the University f British Clumbia fund that students wh tk part in music-related activities during grades 7-12 scred much higher in science, English and maths.(英屬哥倫比亞大學(xué)進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，7-12年級(jí)參加音樂相關(guān)活動(dòng)的學(xué)生在科學(xué)、英語和數(shù)學(xué)方面的得分要高得多。)”以及第四段中“In additin, there are benefits fr adults as well. Whether yu chse t play the pian, pick a guitar r learn a drumbeat, yu culd end up jining a band. This in turn culd imprve yur scial life(此外，對(duì)成年人也有好處。無論你選擇彈鋼琴、彈吉他還是學(xué)打鼓，你最終都有可能加入一個(gè)樂隊(duì)。這反過來可以改善你的社交生活)”可知，文章提到了學(xué)習(xí)樂器的三個(gè)益處：一是提高成年后的聽力；二是對(duì)學(xué)業(yè)有積極影響；三是改善成年人的社交生活。因此，文章中提到了三個(gè)益處。故選C。
24．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Whether it is a pianist, vilinist r cellist, they have made great effrts t reach the highest levels f perfrmance. But they say it’s never t late t learn. S what are the benefits, fr bth children and adults, in learning a musical instrument?( 無論是鋼琴家、小提琴家還是大提琴家，他們都為達(dá)到最高水平的演奏付出了巨大的努力。但他們說學(xué)習(xí)永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)太晚。那么，對(duì)于兒童和成人來說，學(xué)習(xí)一種樂器有什么好處呢？)”以及通讀全文可知，文章開頭提到對(duì)熟練音樂家的才能感到欽佩，并提到學(xué)習(xí)樂器永遠(yuǎn)不晚，然后列舉了學(xué)習(xí)樂器的多個(gè)益處，包括提高聽力、對(duì)學(xué)業(yè)有積極影響以及改善社交生活。這些都表明作者的意圖是鼓勵(lì)讀者學(xué)習(xí)樂器。故選D。
G
（2024高二上·廣東·學(xué)業(yè)考試）Have yu ever drawn pictures n yur ntebks when yu are siting in class? If s, yur teacher might have tld yu t stp. Many peple think ddling (胡寫亂畫) may stp yu paying attentin t what yu are ding. But it might be just the ppsite.
One study shws that ddling may help yu remember things yu hear. In 2009, researchers asked tw grups f peple t listen t a phne message. One grup was encuraged t ddle, but the ther was nt. Neither grup knew that they wuld be asked t remember infrmatin frm the message. But the grup that ddled remembered 29% mre.
Other peple suggest ther uses fr ddling. Jesse Prinz, a prfessr wh studies ddling, says it can help yu think creatively. Walking away frm a prblem t draw might actually help yu slve it. When yu cme back, yu will have a fresh idea and get an answer mre quickly.
An authr named Sunni Brwn wrte a bk n ddling. She argues that ddling is a tl that can help peple think. She admits that peple see ddling as ding nthing but she wants t change that. In fact, she wns a business that helps cmpanies imprve management effectiveness thrugh ddling.
Brwn believes ddling is helpful because it includes mre than ne way f learning. Yu learn in fur ways: seeing, hearing, reading and writing. The mre ways yu use, the better yu learn. And when yu ddle while listening t a lecture, yu are using all fur.
Yu might think that being gd at drawing is imprtant fr ddling. But if the pint f ddling is t help yu think, then it des’t matter what the picture lks like. Even if yu are nt an artist, ddling can help yu. S next time yu need t fcus, pick up a pen and ddle away.
25．What des the last sentence in Paragraph 1 suggest?
A．Drawing might be allwed in class.B．Drawing is the first step t ddle.
C．Ddling might help students fcus.D．Ddling is ppular with students
26．The underlined wrd “that” in Paragraph4 refers t the fact that __________
A．ddling can help peple thinkB．Sunni Brwn des business by ddling
C．peple cnsider ddling as ding nthingD．Sunni Brwn wrte a bk abut ddling
27．Accrding t the last tw paragraphs, ddling __________.
A．helps peple becme better learnersB．is useless in listening t a lecture
C．requires very gd drawing skillsD．des nt attract any artists
28．The purpse f the passage is t __________.
A．d research by ddlingB．slve prblems by ddling
C．help peple learn hw t ddleD．intrduce the benefits f ddling
29．In which sectin f a newspaper can we prbably find this passage?
A．Health.B．Educatin.C．Technlgy.D．Ecnmy.
【答案】25．C 26．C 27．A 28．D 29．B
【導(dǎo)語】這篇文章是一篇說明文，主要介紹了涂鴉（ddling）的積極作用。文章通過研究和專家的觀點(diǎn)，闡述了涂鴉不僅不會(huì)分散注意力，反而有助于記憶、創(chuàng)造性思維和學(xué)習(xí)。
25．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Many peple think ddling (胡寫亂畫) may stp yu paying attentin t what yu are ding. But it might be just the ppsite.（很多人認(rèn)為涂鴉可能使你分心。但結(jié)果可能是相反的）”推知，這句話表明涂鴉可能幫助學(xué)生集中注意力。故選C。
26．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第四段中的“She admits that peple see ddling as ding nthing but she wants t changethat. （她承認(rèn)人們把涂鴉看作無所事事，但她想改變那個(gè)（看法））”可知，“that”指代上文提到的“人們認(rèn)為涂鴉是無所事事”這件事。故選C。
27．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Brwn believes ddling is helpful because it includes mre than ne way f learning.（布朗相信涂鴉有助于學(xué)習(xí)，因?yàn)樗硕喾N學(xué)習(xí)方式）”可知，涂鴉有助于人們成為更好的學(xué)習(xí)者，因?yàn)樗Y(jié)合了多種學(xué)習(xí)方式，如看、聽、讀和寫。故選A。
28．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Many peple think ddling (胡寫亂畫)may stp yu paying attentin t what yu are ding. But it might be just the ppsite.(很多人認(rèn)為涂鴉可能使你分心。但結(jié)果可能是相反的)”，以及第二段中“One study shws that ddling may help yu remember things yu hear.（涂鴉可能有助于你記住你所聽到的）”，第三段中“Jesse Prinz, a prfessr wh studies ddling, says it can help yu think creatively. (Jesse Prinz，一位研究涂鴉的教授，說涂鴉能幫助你進(jìn)行創(chuàng)造性思維)”等內(nèi)容可知，文章的目的是介紹涂鴉的好處。故選D。
29．推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，特別是倒數(shù)第二段“Brwn believes ddling is helpful because it includes mre than ne way f learning. Yu learn in fur ways: seeing, hearing, reading and writing. The mre ways yu use, the better yu learn. And when yu ddle while listening t a lecture, yu are using all fur.(布朗相信涂鴉有助于學(xué)習(xí)，因?yàn)樗硕喾N學(xué)習(xí)方式。你從四個(gè)方面進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)：看，聽，讀和寫。運(yùn)用的方法越多，你就學(xué)得越好。當(dāng)你在聽講座時(shí)涂鴉，你就運(yùn)用了所有的四種方法)”可知，本段提到了涂鴉對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)的幫助，可以推斷這篇文章很可能出現(xiàn)在報(bào)紙的教育版塊。故選B。
H
（2024高二下·湖北·學(xué)業(yè)考試）Prfessinal surfers can head ver t the farming twn (農(nóng)業(yè)小鎮(zhèn)) f Lemre in suthern Califrnia, which is hme t the wrld’s first wave pl aimed at cmpetitive surfing (競技性的沖浪). Originally named after its funder, American surfing legend, 11-time wrld champin Kelly Slater, it was named WSL Surf Ranch after the Wrld Surfing League acquired a majrity stake (大股東) in 2016.
In the wrks since 2015, the $30 millin facility pened n May 5, 2018 with a tw-day Funders Cup that magnetized sme f the wrld’s best surfers and ver 5,000 fans. After Slater, cmpeting fr Team USA, intrduced the weekend by flying thrugh ne f the waves, 25 prfessinal surfers—divided int five teams representing the USA, Australia, Eurpe, Brazil, and the rest f the wrld—tk turns t deal with the artificial swells (人工涌浪). The fierce cmpetitin ended with Team Wrld taking hme the gld. Fr $9,500, amateur surfers als gt a chance t test the man-made tides fr an hur, n Mnday, fllwing the event.
“Many were very dubtful befre the event and every single ne f them, having seen the wave live, culdn’t help but smile,” Shawn White, ne f the lucky amateurs t ride the waves, agreed. The three-time Olympic champin said, “Man, it was incredible. I gt pretty excited.”
30．Why was the wave pl nce named Kelly Slater?
A．He funded the pl.
B．He was a very famus surfer.
C．He prvided a large sum f funds.
31．What des the underlined wrd “magnetized” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Invited.B．Surprised.C．Attracted.
32．When can amateur surfers test the artificial wave?
A．On Mnday.B．On Tuesday.C．On Thursday.
33．Hw did the surfers wh dubted the artificial wave feel after testing it?
A．Disappinted.B．Satisfied.C．Puzzled.
【答案】30．A 31．C 32．A 33．B
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了世界上第一個(gè)以沖浪比賽為目的的波浪池以及一些沖浪者的體驗(yàn)。
30．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Originally named after its funder, American surfing legend, 11-time wrld champin Kelly Slater, it was named WSL Surf Ranch after the Wrld Surfing League acquired a majrity stake (大股東) in 2016. (它最初以其創(chuàng)始人、美國沖浪傳奇人物、11次世界冠軍Kelly Slater的名字命名，在Wrld Surfing League于2016年收購其多數(shù)股權(quán)后，被命名為WSL沖浪牧場。)”可知，曾將其命名為“Kelly Slater”的原因是他是創(chuàng)建者。故選A項(xiàng)。
31．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中劃線詞后的“sme f the wrld’s best surfers and ver 5,000 fans (一些世界上最好的沖浪者和5000多名粉絲)”可推知，F(xiàn)unders Cup比賽應(yīng)該是吸引了世界上最好的沖浪運(yùn)動(dòng)員以及5000多名粉絲，劃線單詞的含義是“吸引”。A. Invited邀請(qǐng)；B. Surprised（使）吃驚；C. Attracted吸引。故選C項(xiàng)。
32．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Fr $9,500, amateur surfers als gt a chance t test the man-made tides fr an hur, n Mnday, fllwing the event. (花費(fèi)9500美元，業(yè)余沖浪者也有機(jī)會(huì)在周一活動(dòng)結(jié)束后的一小時(shí)內(nèi)測試人造潮汐。)”可知，業(yè)余沖浪者可以在星期一測試人造波浪。故選A項(xiàng)。
33．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的““Many were very dubtful befre the event and every single ne f them, having seen the wave live, culdn’t help but smile,” Shawn White, ne f the lucky amateurs t ride the waves, agreed. The three-time Olympic champin said, “Man, it was incredible. I gt pretty excited.” (“很多人在比賽前都很懷疑，每個(gè)人都看到了現(xiàn)場的海浪，忍不住笑了，”Shawn White說，他是幸運(yùn)的沖浪愛好者之一。這位三屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)冠軍說：“天哪，這太不可思議了。我非常興奮?！?”可知，之前質(zhì)疑人造波浪的沖浪者測試后感到滿意。故選B項(xiàng)。
I
（2024高一下·廣東佛山·學(xué)業(yè)考試）Yung babies make many shrt and wrd-like sunds such as “ba” r “aga”. Thse early sunds are later replaced with wrds and, eventually, sentences. While sme f them are brn t be mre talkative than thers, a new study cnfirms that male babies make mre sunds than female babies in the first year.
While the research cnfirms earlier findings frm a much smaller study by the same team, they still cme as a surprise. That’s because there’s a cmmn and lng-held belief that females have an advantage ver males in language.
In the study, Dr Kim and his team included mre than 450,000 hurs f all-day recrdings f 5,899 babies, using a device abut the size f an iPd. Thse recrdings were prcessed t cunt the number f wrds spken by babies and adults acrss the first tw years f life.
Generally, the data shwed that male babies made 10% mre sunds in the first year cmpared t females. In the secnd year, the difference turned directins, with female babies making abut 7% mre sunds than males. Thse differences were bserved even thugh the number f wrds spken by adults caring fr thse babies was higher fr female babies in bth years cmpared t males.
Why, then, wuld male babies be mre talkative than females in the first year and nt later? “We think it may be because bys are mre likely t die in the first year than girls. Given that s many male deaths happen in the first year, bys may have been under especially high selectin pressure t prduce fitness signals t express their wellness and imprve their chances f surviving,” says Kim. By the secnd year f life, as death rates drp sharply acrss the bard, he added, “the pressure n special fitness signaling is lwer fr bth bys and girls.”
34．Why are the findings f the new study surprising?
A．They are similar t earlier nes.
B．They shw males are mre talkative.
C．They g against peple’s cmmn belief.
D．They shw babies learn language differently
35．What did the study find abut male babies in the secnd year?
A．They received mre language input.
B．They shwed better language abilities.
C．They cmmunicated mre with adults.
D．They made less sunds than female babies.
36．What might cause the change in sund prductin fr male babies?
A．Imprved language skills.B．Change in living envirnment.
C．Less need fr fitness signaling.D．Increase in scial cmmunicatin.
【答案】34．C 35．D 36．C
【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文，研究表明，男嬰在出生的第一年發(fā)音比女嬰多，而在第二年，發(fā)出的聲音比女嬰要少，文章解釋了這種現(xiàn)象的原因。
34．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“While sme f them are brn t be mre talkative than thers, a new study cnfirms that male babies make mre sunds than female babies in the first year.(雖然有些嬰兒生來就比其他人更健談，但一項(xiàng)新的研究證實(shí)，男嬰在出生第一年發(fā)出的聲音比女嬰更多)”及第二段“While the research cnfirms earlier findings frm a much smaller study by the same team, they still cme as a surprise. That’s because there’s a cmmn and lng-held belief that females have an advantage ver males in language.(雖然這項(xiàng)研究證實(shí)了同一團(tuán)隊(duì)先前進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)規(guī)模小得多的研究的結(jié)果，但它們?nèi)匀涣钊梭@訝。這是因?yàn)槿藗冮L期以來普遍認(rèn)為，女性在語言方面比男性更有優(yōu)勢(shì)。)”可知，新的研究表明男嬰在出生的第一年發(fā)音比女嬰多，與長期以來人們普遍女性在語言方面比男性更有優(yōu)勢(shì)這一觀點(diǎn)相悖，這是令人驚訝的。故選C。
35．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“In the secnd year, the difference turned directins, with female babies making abut 7% mre sunds than males.(在第二年，這種差異轉(zhuǎn)向了方向，女嬰發(fā)出的聲音比男嬰多7%)”可知，第二年，男嬰發(fā)出的聲音比女嬰要少。故選D。
36．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段““We think it may be because bys are mre likely t die in the first year than girls. Given that s many male deaths happen in the first year, bys may have been under especially high selectin pressure t prduce fitness signals t express their wellness and imprve their chances f surviving,” says Kim. By the secnd year f life, as death rates drp sharply acrss the bard, he added, “the pressure n special fitness signaling is lwer fr bth bys and girls.”(“我們認(rèn)為這可能是因?yàn)槟泻⒃诘谝荒瓯扰⒏菀姿劳?。鑒于如此多的男性死亡發(fā)生在第一年，男孩可能在特別高的選擇壓力下產(chǎn)生健康信號(hào)來表達(dá)他們的健康和提高他們的生存機(jī)會(huì)，”Kim說。他補(bǔ)充說，到嬰兒出生后第二年，隨著死亡率全面大幅下降，“男孩和女孩在特殊健康信號(hào)方面的壓力都較低?！?”可知，男嬰在第二年發(fā)出更少的聲音也許是由于第二年死亡壓力減少，所以需要更少的信號(hào)來表達(dá)健康需求。故選C。
J
（2024高二下·安徽·學(xué)業(yè)考試）Sme peple say they “never frget a face.” But what des that saying mean? Is there really n limit t the number f faces a persn can remember? A new study frm a grup f researchers at the University f Yrk in England has fund that, n average, peple can remember as many as 5,000 faces. They published their findings n facial recgnitin this mnth in the Prceedings f The Ryal Sciety B, Bilgical Sciences.
Rb Jenkins wrks in the psychlgy department at the University f Yrk. He said the researchers’ study centered n “the number f faces peple actually knw”. The study suggests ur facial recgnitin abilities help us t deal with the many different faces we see n the screens, as well as thse we knw, like family and friends.
Fr the human study, peple spent ne hur writing dwn as many faces frm their persnal lives as pssible. Sme examples may include peple they went t schl with, peple they wrk with and family members. Then, they wrte dwn famus faces they knw, such as actrs, pliticians and ther public peple.
The results shwed that the participants knew between 1,000 and 10,000 faces. Jenkins said ne explanatin may be that sme peple have a natural ability fr remembering faces. “There are differences in hw much attentin peple pay t faces and hw well they prcess the infrmatin,” he said. Jenkins als said it culd be because f different scial envirnments. Sme peple may have grwn up in mre ppulated places. S, they may have had mre scial cntact thrughut their lives.
The peple in the study included 25 men and wmen students frm tw universities. They were between 18 and 61 years ld. Researchers think age may be an interesting area fr further research. Jenkins said it is pssible that we gather mre faces thrughut ur lifetime. But, he added, there als may be an age at which we start t find it harder t remember all f thse faces.
37．What was the new study mainly abut?
A．Hw lng peple can remember faces.
B．When peple will frget faces.
C．Why peple can deal with different faces.
D．Hw many faces peple can knw.
38．On average, hw many faces can a man remember accrding t the study?
A．Abut 5,000.B．N mre than 1,000.
C．Fewer than 25.D．Arund 10,000.
39．What d we knw abut the participants in the study?
A．They are gd at recgnizing faces.
B．They remember mre famus peple.
C．They have different scial backgrunds.
D．They try their best t avid scial cntact.
40．What can we learn abut the last paragraph?
A．We are sure t gather mre faces as we age.
B．The future research may fcus mre n age.
C．The participants in the study are in their yuth.
D．It may be harder t remember faces f different ages.
41．What did Jenkins think wuld affect peple’s ability t remember faces?
A．Attentin.B．Persnal lives.C．Age.D．Sex.
【答案】37．D 38．A 39．C 40．B 41．B
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們平均能記住5000張面孔，面部識(shí)別能力有助于應(yīng)對(duì)多樣化的社交需求，記憶力差異或由先天能力、注意力、信息處理及社交環(huán)境等因素造成。
37．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“A new study frm a grup f researchers at the University f Yrk in England has fund that, n average, peple can remember as many as 5,000 faces. They published their findings n facial recgnitin this mnth in the Prceedings f The Ryal Sciety B, Bilgical Sciences.(英國約克大學(xué)的一組研究人員最近發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，平均而言，人們能記住多達(dá)5000張面孔。他們本月在《英國皇家學(xué)會(huì)學(xué)報(bào)B-生物科學(xué)》上發(fā)表了關(guān)于面部識(shí)別的研究成果)”可知，這項(xiàng)新研究主要是關(guān)于人們能記住多少張面孔。故選D項(xiàng)。
38．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“A new study frm a grup f researchers at the University f Yrk in England has fund that, n average, peple can remember as many as 5,000 faces.(英國約克大學(xué)的一組研究人員最近發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，平均而言，人們能記住多達(dá)5000張面孔)”可知，根據(jù)這項(xiàng)研究，平均一個(gè)人能記住大約5000張面孔。故選A項(xiàng)。
39．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Jenkins als said it culd be because f different scial envirnments. Sme peple may have grwn up in mre ppulated places. S, they may have had mre scial cntact thrughut their lives.(詹金斯還說，這可能是因?yàn)椴煌纳鐣?huì)環(huán)境。有些人可能是在人口較多的地方長大的。因此，他們一生中可能有更多的社交接觸)”可知，研究中的參與者有著不同的社會(huì)背景。故選C項(xiàng)。
40．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Researchers think age may be an interesting area fr further research.(研究人員認(rèn)為年齡可能是進(jìn)一步研究的一個(gè)有趣領(lǐng)域)”可知，未來的研究可能會(huì)更多關(guān)注年齡因素。故選B項(xiàng)。
41．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Jenkins said ne explanatin may be that sme peple have a natural ability fr remembering faces. (詹金斯說，一種解釋可能是有些人天生就有記憶面孔的能力。)”和“Jenkins als said it culd be because f different scial envirnments. Sme peple may have grwn up in mre ppulated places. S, they may have had mre scial cntact thrughut their lives.(詹金斯還說，這可能是因?yàn)椴煌纳鐣?huì)環(huán)境。有些人可能是在人口較多的地方長大的。因此，他們一生中可能有更多的社交接觸)”可知，詹金斯認(rèn)為個(gè)人生活會(huì)影響人們記住面孔的能力。故選B項(xiàng)。
議論文部分（K-O）
K
（2024高二下·湖北·學(xué)業(yè)考試）Keeping a schedule helps yu arrange yur time in ways that matter t yu. If yu d nt decide hw t spend yur time, yu will likely prcrastinate (拖延), get distracted, and get nwhere. Fllwing a schedule in life is a key element tward yur success.
Yu can set bundaries arund yur time fr wrk, rest, learning, health, and mre. This way yu will be free t d what is imprtant t yu. Just like a budget fr yur mney, yur schedule allws yu t spend time n the things that matter t yu. Yu can selectively chse what yu will d and what yu will nt d. In this way, yu can gain mre freedm in yur life.
A schedule can help yu fit mre int a day, but yur main cncern ught t be getting the imprtant things int yur day. Yu cannt d everything, s yu d what matters and maintain yur fcus by ignring things that wuld distract yu frm the things that will have the greatest impact. This way, yu can increase yur prductivity.
Yu can prve yur trustwrthiness (可靠, 可信賴) by sticking t a set schedule. Fllwing it can help yu remember the things yu have agreed t d. Yu can als help avid cnflicts by checking yur schedule befre yu make a new prmise. Use yur schedule t maintain yur trustwrthiness and reliability in the eyes f thers.
Yur schedule ensures that yu take actin each day t achieve yur gal. Whether small r large steps, yur increasing successes build up each day. Repetitin develps excellence and excellence leads t success. As yu see yurself winning frm day t day, yur self-cnfidence grws.
42．Withut a schedule, yu tend t__________.
A．a(chǎn)chieve nthing that ne desires
B．have mre freedm t enjy life
C．be attracted by imprtant things
43．If yu set bundaries arund yur time, what can yu get?
A．Mre mney.B．Mre rest.C．Mre freedm.
44．What can we infer frm Paragraph 4?
A．Never make a prmise t anyne.
B．Our energy is limitless.
C．Schedule helps t prtect yur credit.
45．Which can be a suitable title f the text?
A．The Benefits f Keeping a Schedule
B．The Ways t Keep a Schedule in Life
C．The Keys t Achieving Success in Life
【答案】42．A 43．C 44．C 45．A
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章論述了保持日程安排的重要性。
42．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“If yu d nt decide hw t spend yur time, yu will likely prcrastinate (拖延), get distracted, and get nwhere.”（如果你不決定如何度過你的時(shí)間，你可能會(huì)拖延，分心，一事無成）可推知，沒有計(jì)劃，你可能會(huì)一事無成，即無法實(shí)現(xiàn)你想要的目標(biāo)。故選A項(xiàng)。
43．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Yu can set bundaries arund yur time fr wrk, rest, learning, health, and mre. This way yu will be free t d what is imprtant t yu.”（你可以為你的工作、休息、學(xué)習(xí)、健康等設(shè)定時(shí)間界限。這樣你就能自由地做對(duì)你重要的事情）可知，如果你為你的時(shí)間設(shè)定界限，你就能獲得更多的自由。故選C項(xiàng)。
44．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Yu can prve yur trustwrthiness (可靠，可信賴) by sticking t a set schedule. Fllwing it can help yu remember the things yu have agreed t d. Yu can als help avid cnflicts by checking yur schedule befre yu make a new prmise.”（你可以通過堅(jiān)持一個(gè)設(shè)定的時(shí)間表來證明你的可靠性，遵循它可以幫助你記住你已經(jīng)同意做的事情。你也可以在做出新的承諾之前檢查你的時(shí)間表，以避免沖突）可推知，計(jì)劃可以避免沖突，確保你履行承諾，即幫助你維護(hù)你的信用。故選C項(xiàng)。
45．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中“Fllwing a schedule in life is a key element tward yur success.”（在生活中遵循計(jì)劃是你成功的關(guān)鍵因素）和上下文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講述了保持計(jì)劃的好處，包括幫助你安排時(shí)間、增加自由、提高效率、保護(hù)信譽(yù)和實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)等。因此，最適合的標(biāo)題是“The Benefits f Keeping a Schedule”（保持計(jì)劃的好處）。故選A項(xiàng)。
L
（2024高一下·甘肅蘭州·學(xué)業(yè)考試）Mdern technlgy has had a great influence n peple's entertainment chices, making them less creative. D yu agree r disagree with this pinin?
Bearing in mind the likely effects f the mdern technlgy n entertainments n tday's users are imprtant, because it is an issue that is discussed daily nwadays by peple in bth the private and public sectrs (公共部門). Hwever, des the mdern technlgy benefits all aspects f human sciety? Sme peple may answer t the cntrary. As far as I can see, current technlgy is undermining mdern peple's creative ability by prviding individuals srted ways f relaxatin.
The likely effects f mdern technlgy n entertainment fr peple tday are imprtant, because it is an issue that is discussed daily in bth the private and public sectrs. Hwever, des mdern technlgy benefit all aspects f human sciety? Sme peple may answer in the negative. As far as I can see, mdern technlgy undermines peple's creative ability by prviding individuals pre-digested frms f relaxatin.
T begin with , it has been knwn frm the latest resurces that mdern peple prefer t enjy high-tech ways f recreatin. Mre and mre peple frm all wrks feel s pressuarable that they turn t mdern technlgy which is suppsed t be there prviding cnvenient, time-saving and fresh entertainment while fewer and fewer individuals chse t play jigsaws(拼圖) r make sme exquisite handicrafts (精美的手工藝品) which is the very things expand their imaginary wrld and make them mre creative in their spare time.
Further mre, mdern peple are mre likely t cunt n current technlgy whether in physilgical r psychlgical. What is meant by this is that plenty f peple fully enjy the entertaining prducts such as, TV, MP3 r internet games high-tech brings t them that they spend lts f time n them withut ding anything else. Cuch-ptat syndrme(典型表現(xiàn)) is ne such example. The mre peple rely n thse mdern entertaining items, the mre pssible that peple frm a negative habitual pinin that these high-tech can d everything fr them, and the less likely peple will be initiative and creative in their life.
It ges withut saying that mdern technlgy d bring us lw-cst, efficient entertaining prducts, and these may initiate sme individuals' inspiratin ccasinally. But that's very limited cmpared t the side effects they give rise t.
In cnclusin, it is very imprtant t knw that it's the creative ability that make ur human sciety prsperus and flurish. Mdern technlgy is just a pwerful tl in the charge f human t benefit ur cnductin.
46．What is the synnym f “undermining”?
A．supprtingB．weakeningC．strengtheningD．building
47．What high-tech entertainment way d peple prefer t enjy accrding t the text?
A．Playing jigsaws.
B．Making exquisite handicrafts.
C．Watching TV, listening t MP3 r playing nline games.
D．Reading bks.
48．Hw des the authr think mdern technlgy affects peple's creativity?
A．By prviding pre-digested frms f relaxatin and reducing peple's imaginatin.
B．By making peple verly dependent n high-tech prducts and making them lazy.
C．By making peple addicted t entertainment and having n time fr creative activities.
D．All f the abve.
49．What is the main idea f the article?
A．Mdern technlgy makes peple's entertainment chices mre diverse.
B．Mdern technlgy has a psitive impact n peple's creativity.
C．Mdern technlgy weakens peple's creativity in sme ways.
D．Mdern technlgy has bth advantages and disadvantages and needs t be treated crrectly.
【答案】46．B 47．C 48．D 49．C
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章講述的是現(xiàn)代技術(shù)對(duì)人們的娛樂選擇產(chǎn)生了巨大影響，使人們的創(chuàng)造力下降。作者認(rèn)為，盡管現(xiàn)代技術(shù)為人們提供了方便、省時(shí)且新鮮的娛樂方式，但同時(shí)也削弱了人們的創(chuàng)造力。作者強(qiáng)調(diào)，創(chuàng)造力是人類社會(huì)繁榮和發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵，現(xiàn)代技術(shù)只是人類手中的一個(gè)強(qiáng)大工具，應(yīng)該正確使用以促進(jìn)我們的生活。
46．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中“Hwever, des the mdern technlgy benefits all aspects f human sciety? Sme peple may answer t the cntrary.(然而，現(xiàn)代技術(shù)是否惠及人類社會(huì)的方方面面？有些人可能會(huì)做出相反的回答。)”以及“As far as I can see, current technlgy is undermining mdern peple’s creative ability by prviding individuals srted ways f relaxatin.(在我看來，目前的科技為人們提供了各種各樣的放松方式，從而……現(xiàn)代人的創(chuàng)造力。)”可知，很多人認(rèn)為現(xiàn)代技術(shù)是惠及人類的方方面面的，可知作者持有相反的觀點(diǎn)，作者認(rèn)為科技為人類提供了各種各樣的放松方式削弱了人們的創(chuàng)造力。故劃線詞與B選項(xiàng)“weakening(削弱)”為同義詞。故選B。
47．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“What is meant by this is that plenty f peple fully enjy the entertaining prducts such as, TV, MP3 r internet games high-tech brings t them that they spend lts f time n them withut ding anything else. (這意味著很多人充分享受高科技給他們帶來的娛樂產(chǎn)品，如電視、MP3或網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲，他們花了很多時(shí)間在這些產(chǎn)品上，而不做任何其他事情。)”可知，人們更傾向于享受高科技的娛樂方式，如看電視、聽MP3或玩在線游戲。故選C。
48．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“ As far as I can see, mdern technlgy undermines peple’s creative ability by prviding individuals pre-digested frms f relaxatin.(在我看來，現(xiàn)代科技通過為個(gè)人提供預(yù)先消化的放松方式，削弱了人們的創(chuàng)造力。)”以及第四段中“Mre and mre peple frm all wrks feel s pressuarable that they turn t mdern technlgy which is suppsed t be there prviding cnvenient, time-saving and fresh entertainment while fewer and fewer individuals chse t play jigsaws r make sme exquisite handicrafts which is the very things expand their imaginary wrld and make them mre creative in their spare time.(越來越多的人從所有的工作感到壓力，他們轉(zhuǎn)向現(xiàn)代技術(shù)，這應(yīng)該是提供方便，節(jié)省時(shí)間和新鮮的娛樂，而越來越少的人選擇玩拼圖或制作一些精美的手工藝品，這是擴(kuò)大他們的想象世界，使他們?cè)跇I(yè)余時(shí)間更有創(chuàng)造力的東西。)”以及第五段中“Further mre, mdern peple are mre likely t cunt n current technlgy whether in physilgical r psychlgical. What is meant by this is that plenty f peple fully enjy the entertaining prducts such as, TV, MP3 r internet games high-tech brings t them that they spend lts f time n them withut ding anything else.( 此外，現(xiàn)代人更傾向于依賴當(dāng)前的技術(shù)，無論是在生理上還是心理上。這意味著很多人充分享受高科技給他們帶來的娛樂產(chǎn)品，如電視、MP3或網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲，他們花了很多時(shí)間在這些產(chǎn)品上，而不做任何其他事情。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為現(xiàn)代科技通過提供預(yù)先消化的放松形式，減少人們的想象力和創(chuàng)造力，并且通過讓人們沉迷于娛樂而沒有時(shí)間進(jìn)行創(chuàng)造性活動(dòng)。同時(shí)根據(jù)第五段中“The mre peple rely n thse mdern entertaining items, the mre pssible that peple frm a negative habitual pinin that these high-tech can d everything fr them, and the less likely peple will be initiative and creative in their life.(人們?cè)揭蕾囘@些現(xiàn)代娛樂項(xiàng)目，人們就越有可能形成一種消極的習(xí)慣性觀點(diǎn)，認(rèn)為這些高科技可以為他們做一切，人們就越不可能在他們的生活中主動(dòng)和創(chuàng)造性。)”可知，同時(shí)現(xiàn)代科技通過讓人們過度依賴高科技產(chǎn)品，讓他們變得懶惰，在生活中缺乏主動(dòng)性和創(chuàng)造性。故選D。
49．主旨大意題。通讀全文，文章講述的是現(xiàn)代技術(shù)對(duì)人們的娛樂選擇產(chǎn)生了巨大影響，使人們的創(chuàng)造力下降。作者認(rèn)為，盡管現(xiàn)代技術(shù)為人們提供了方便、省時(shí)且新鮮的娛樂方式，但同時(shí)也削弱了人們的創(chuàng)造力。C選項(xiàng)“Mdern technlgy weakens peple’s creativity in sme ways.(現(xiàn)代科技在某些方面削弱了人們的創(chuàng)造力。)”概括文章主要內(nèi)容。故選C。
M
（2024高二下·湖南·學(xué)業(yè)考試）Are yu trubled by husewrk, such as cleaning tables r tidying yur rm? D yu need a helping hand? Recently, the rbt Mbile Alha made by scientists at Stanfrd University in the US became ppular nline. In the vides psted, we can see the rbt preparing dishes n its wn. It’s als gd at watering plants, petting cats, cleaning the flr and washing clthes.
Sunds gd? Well, anther vide psted by researchers may disappint sme peple. Mbile Alha isn’t gd at ding husewrk n its wn. Instead, it learns frm human actins befre ding each kind f husewrk. When the situatin changes, it can’t wrk well withut a human “teaching” it. S it may break dishes, bump int (撞上) things and even burn a pt.
The rbt can successfully mve chairs 80 percent f the time, said the team after they did mre research n it. Fr cking dishes, it’s nly 40 percent. In shrt, it’s far frm perfect.
In fact, AI rbts are gd at tasks such as math and playing chess, but they face challenges when it cmes t simpler actins like cleaning. And it’s the same fr Mbile Alha. Fr example, if its bdy desn’t mve crrectly — even just with a small mistake, its arm may mve t far t pick up a glass.
“Rbts are nt ready t take ver the wrld,” the team psted nline.
50．Hw des the writer begin the passage?
A．By making a cmparisn.B．By asking questins.
C．By shwing a finding.D．By imagining a scene.
51．What is the functin f the numbers in Paragraph 3?
A．T shw the latest findings f the team.
B．T prve that rbts can d nthing right.
C．T supprt an pinin that rbts are far frm perfect.
D．T explain the main functin f Mbile Alha is mving chairs.
52．What des the passage mainly talk abut?
A．The imprtance f rbts t the wrld.B．The latest research n rbts.
C．Sme disadvantages f rbts.D．Sme ways t prduce perfect rbts.
53．In which part f the newspaper can we read the passage?
A．EDUCATION.B．CULTURE.C．PEOPLE.D．TECHNOLOGY.
【答案】50．B 51．C 52．C 53．D
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了機(jī)器人Mbile Alha的功能和缺點(diǎn)。
50．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Are yu trubled by husewrk, such as cleaning tables r tidying yur rm? D yu need a helping hand? Recently, the rbt Mbile Alha made by scientists at Stanfrd University in the US became ppular nline.( 你是否被家務(wù)所困擾，比如打掃桌子或整理房間？你需要幫助嗎？最近，美國斯坦福大學(xué)科學(xué)家制造的機(jī)器人“Mbile Alha”在網(wǎng)上走紅)”可推知，作者是通過提問題的方式來開始這篇文章的。故選B。
51．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“The rbt can successfully mve chairs 80 percent f the time, said the team after they did mre research n it. Fr cking dishes, it’s nly 40 percent. In shrt, it’s far frm perfect.(該團(tuán)隊(duì)在對(duì)其進(jìn)行了更多研究后表示，該機(jī)器人在80%的時(shí)間內(nèi)可以成功移動(dòng)椅子。做菜的時(shí)候，只有40%。簡而言之，它遠(yuǎn)非完美)”可推知，第三段中數(shù)字的作用是為了支持機(jī)器人遠(yuǎn)非完美的觀點(diǎn)。故選C。
52．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Sunds gd? Well, anther vide psted by researchers may disappint sme peple. Mbile Alha isn’t gd at ding husewrk n its wn. Instead, it learns frm human actins befre ding each kind f husewrk. When the situatin changes, it can’t wrk well withut a human “teaching” it. S it may break dishes, bump int (撞上) things and even burn a pt.(聽起來不錯(cuò)嗎？研究人員發(fā)布的另一段視頻可能會(huì)讓一些人失望。移動(dòng)阿羅哈不擅長自己做家務(wù)。相反，它在做每一種家務(wù)之前都會(huì)從人類的行為中學(xué)習(xí)。當(dāng)情況發(fā)生變化時(shí)，如果沒有人類的“教導(dǎo)”，它就無法很好地工作。所以它可能會(huì)打碎盤子，撞到東西，甚至燒到鍋)”可知，文章主要講述了機(jī)器人的缺點(diǎn)，如Mbile Alha在做家務(wù)時(shí)不夠熟練，需要人類“教導(dǎo)”，且在做某些任務(wù)時(shí)成功率較低，表明機(jī)器人并不完美。由此可知，本文主要談?wù)摰氖菣C(jī)器人的一些缺點(diǎn)。故選C。
53．推理判斷題。文章主要討論了機(jī)器人Mbile Alha的功能和缺點(diǎn)，這是關(guān)于科技領(lǐng)域的主題。由此推知，我們可以在報(bào)紙的“Technlgy”部分讀到這篇文章。故選D。
N
（2024高二下·湖南·學(xué)業(yè)考試）Have yu ever heard f the saying, “Dn’t judge a bk by its cver.”? Well, in Chinese, we have an expressin called “yi ma qu ren”.
Imagine yu meet smene new at schl. They might lk different frm yu in hair, clthes, r lks. It’s imprtant nt t make any judgments abut them just because f hw they lk.
Smetimes, peple make a mistake by judging thers by their lks. They might think smene is mean r unfriendly just because they have a serius face r wear unusual clthes. But what meets the eye isn’t always the truth!
In fact, peple are like bks with many, many pages. We need t read mre and mre pages t understand them. That means getting t knw them, talking t them, and learning abut their interests and persnalities.
Think abut yur best friends. When yu met them at early time, yu might nt have knwn they wuld becme yur best friends. But as yu spent time tgether and gt t knw each ther, yu realized hw amazing they are.
By nt judging peple by their lks, we pen ur hearts t new peple in ur lives. We start t understand and treasure the distinctins between us, like different cultures, backgrunds, and ways f thinking.
S, let’s keep an pen mind and be nice t everyne we meet. Let’s treat thers with kindness and fairness, n matter hw they lk. When we d that, we make a wrld where everyne feels imprtant and accepted fr wh they are. After all, the mst amazing things are hidden—within every ne f us!
54．Hw des the writer begin the text?
A．By listing numbers.B．By shwing a saying.
C．By giving an example.D．By making an expectatin.
55．Which wrd is clse in meaning t the underlined wrd “distinctins”?
A．Cultures.B．Differences.C．Successes.D．Advantages.
56．Hw shuld we treat thers accrding t the writer?
A．With a happy mind.B．With a serius face.
C．With kindness and fairness.D．With sme dubts.
57．Which can be a prper title fr the text?
A．Try t Read Mre BksB．Try t Understand Others Better
C．Dn’t Be Unfriendly t OthersD．Dn’t Judge Peple by Their Lks
【答案】54．B 55．B 56．C 57．D
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。它通過討論和闡述“不要以貌取人”的觀點(diǎn)，強(qiáng)調(diào)了不應(yīng)僅僅根據(jù)外貌來評(píng)判他人，而應(yīng)通過更深入的了解來認(rèn)識(shí)和理解他人。
54．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Have yu ever heard f the saying, “Dn’t judge a bk by its cver.”? Well, in Chinese, we have an expressin called “yi ma qu ren”.(你聽說過“不要以貌取人”這句話嗎？嗯，在中文里，我們有一個(gè)表達(dá)叫做“以貌取人”)”可知，作者是通過展示一種說法開始文章的。故選B項(xiàng)。
55．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)后文“l(fā)ike different cultures, backgrunds, and ways f thinking.(比如不同的文化、背景和思維方式)”可知，此處是舉例說明，人與人之間的不同，所以應(yīng)是“開始理解并珍惜我們之間的區(qū)別”之意，推知distinctins應(yīng)是“區(qū)別”之意，和B項(xiàng)意思相近。故選B項(xiàng)。
56．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“S, let’s keep an pen mind and be nice t everyne we meet. Let’s treat thers with kindness and fairness, n matter hw they lk. When we d that, we make a wrld where everyne feels imprtant and accepted fr wh they are.(所以，讓我們保持開放的心態(tài)，善待我們遇到的每一個(gè)人。讓我們善待和公平地對(duì)待他人，不管他們看起來如何。當(dāng)我們這樣做的時(shí)候，我們創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)每個(gè)人都覺得自己很重要并被接受的世界)”可知，根據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)，我們應(yīng)該用善良和公平對(duì)待他人。故選C項(xiàng)。
57．主旨大意題。根據(jù)根據(jù)第一段“Have yu ever heard f the saying, “Dn’t judge a bk by its cver.”? Well, in Chinese, we have an expressin called “yi ma qu ren”.(你聽說過“不要以貌取人”這句話嗎？嗯，在中文里，我們有一個(gè)表達(dá)叫做“以貌取人”)”以及縱觀全文可知，本文主要講述了“不要以貌取人”的觀點(diǎn)，強(qiáng)調(diào)了不應(yīng)僅僅根據(jù)外貌來評(píng)判他人，而應(yīng)通過更深入的了解來認(rèn)識(shí)和理解他人，所以D項(xiàng)“Dn’t Judge Peple by Their Lks(不要以貌取人)”是本文最好的標(biāo)題。故選D項(xiàng)。
O
（2023高二下·黑龍江佳木斯·學(xué)業(yè)考試）Cmmunicatin is a prblem fr parents and children f all ages. If it’s hard fr yu t cmmunicate with yur parents, dn’t wrry abut it. Here is sme advice fr yu.
Dn’t argue with yur parents. Dn’t try t talk abut smething with yur parents when yu are angry. Yur parents prbably wn’t listen t yu if yu are shuting at them. G smewhere else t cl ff. Then think abut what yu want t say t yur parents. If yu think yu can’t speak t them at the mment, try writing a letter t them.
Try t understand yur parents. Yur parents may think differently frm yu. Tell yur parents what yu think, what yu care abut and why. Perhaps yu and yur parents disagree n smething. Put yurself in their shes and yu may find a better way ut.
Michael’s mther didn’t agree with him abut buying a mtrcycle. They argued ver it. But they finally came t an agreement. Michael bught the mtrcycle, but nly drve it n certain days.
It is als imprtant t shw yur lve t yur parents. Try t d sme small things at hme, like making them a cup f tea, helping d sme chres, and s n. It helps t keep yur relatinship clser. A gd relatinship with yur parents can make yu a better and happier persn. It is wrth having a try.
58．The passage mainly talks abut the cmmunicatin prblem between ________.
A．parents and schl teachers
B．schl kids and their parents
C．teachers and their students
D．parents and children f all ages
59．Yur parents prbably wn’t listen t yu if yu dn’t ________.
A．shw yur lve t themB．ften stay with them
C．speak t them plitelyD．d chres fr them
60．The stry f Micheal shws that it’s imprtant t ________.
A．understand each ther
B．stay away frm yur parents
C．a(chǎn)rgue with each ther
D．disagree with yur parents
61．Ding sme small things at hme can make yur parents feel that ________.
A．yu are happyB．yu lve themC．yu like chresD．yu are relaxed
62．Which f the fllwing is NOT true?
A．It’s certainly necessary t shw yur lve t yur parents.
B．It’s hard fr all the teenagers t cmmunicate with their parents.
C．Think it ver befre yu want t talk t yur parents abut smething.
D．Put yurself in yur parents’ shes and yu may find sme gd ways t cmmunicate with yur parents.
【答案】58．D 59．C 60．A 61．B 62．B
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文。文章主要講述了一個(gè)普遍性問題，即，父母和各個(gè)年齡段的孩子之間的溝通問題，并提出了一些建議。
58．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段內(nèi)容“Cmmunicatin is a prblem fr parents and children f all ages. If it’s hard fr yu t cmmunicate with yur parents, dn’t wrry abut it. Here is sme advice fr yu.(溝通對(duì)父母和所有年齡段的孩子來說都是一個(gè)問題。如果你和父母溝通有困難，不要擔(dān)心。這是給你的一些建議。)”可知，這篇文章主要討論了父母和各個(gè)年齡段的孩子之間的溝通問題。故選D項(xiàng)。
59．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段內(nèi)容“Yur parents prbably wn’t listen t yu if yu are shuting at them.(如果你對(duì)父母大喊大叫，他們可能不會(huì)聽你的。)”可知，當(dāng)你對(duì)父母大喊大叫，用不禮貌的方式溝通時(shí)，父母可能不會(huì)聽你講話。故選C項(xiàng)。
60．推理判斷題。分析前后文語境可知，Micheal的例子“Michael’s mther didn’t agree with him abut buying a mtrcycle. They argued ver it. But they finally came t an agreement. Michael bught the mtrcycle, but nly drve it n certain days.(Micheal的母親不同意他買摩托車。他們?yōu)榇藸幷撈饋?。但他們最終達(dá)成了協(xié)議。Micheal買了摩托車，但只在特定的日子里開。)”中講到了“Micheal與母親在買摩托車方面發(fā)生了矛盾，而最終相互有了協(xié)議，使事情達(dá)成”，因此可知，這是為了作為舉例論證前一段提到的論點(diǎn)“Try t understand yur parents.(努力理解你的父母。)”，“Put yurself in their shes and yu may find a better way ut.(設(shè)身處地為他們想想，你可能會(huì)找到更好的出路。)”。由此可推知，該例子是為了表明子女和父母相互理解的重要性。故選A項(xiàng)。
61．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段內(nèi)容“It is als imprtant t shw yur lve t yur parents. Try t d sme small things at hme, like making them a cup f tea, helping d sme chres, and s n.(向父母表達(dá)你的愛也很重要。盡力在家里做一些小事情，比如給他們泡杯茶，幫他們做一些家務(wù)等等。)”可知，在家里做一些小事情可以讓父母感受到你對(duì)他們的愛。故選B項(xiàng)。
62．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段內(nèi)容“Cmmunicatin is a prblem fr parents and children f all ages.(溝通對(duì)父母和所有年齡段的孩子來說都是一個(gè)問題。)”可知，文中講到溝通困難這一問題存在于父母和所有年齡段的孩子，即，這是一個(gè)普遍性的問題，但并非說“所有的青少年都很難與父母溝通”這一含義。因此，B項(xiàng)“It’s hard fr all the teenagers t cmmunicate with their parents.(所有的青少年都很難與父母溝通。)”表述錯(cuò)誤。故選B項(xiàng)。
目錄
TOC \ "1-2" \h \u \l "_Tc180577055" 明晰學(xué)考要求 PAGEREF _Tc180577055 \h 1
\l "_Tc180577056" 基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)梳理 PAGEREF _Tc180577056 \h 1
\l "_Tc180577057" 考點(diǎn)精講講練2
\l "_Tc180577058" 考點(diǎn)一：細(xì)節(jié)理解題2
\l "_Tc180577059" 考點(diǎn)二：推理判斷題3
\l "_Tc180577060" 考點(diǎn)三：詞義猜測題4
\l "_Tc180577061" 考點(diǎn)四：主旨大意題5
\l "_Tc180577063" 實(shí)戰(zhàn)能力訓(xùn)練 PAGEREF _Tc180577063 \h 13
同義替換
指對(duì)原文句子中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行同義替換。如把lse ne's jb換成了be ut f wrk。有些細(xì)節(jié)理解題把原文中的一些詞變換一下詞性，如把imprtant變換成f imprtance；改變?cè)闹芯渥拥恼Z態(tài)，如主動(dòng)語態(tài)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換。
信息歸納
用精煉的語言來概括原文中比較分散或復(fù)雜的信息，設(shè)置為正確答案。
正話反說
把原文中的意思反過來表達(dá)而成為正確選項(xiàng)。
原文原詞
利用原文原詞作為正確選項(xiàng)。
張冠李戴
是原文信息，但不是題目要求的內(nèi)容。
無中生有
符合常識(shí)，但不是文章的內(nèi)容。
曲解文意
與原文的內(nèi)容極其相似，只是在某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)處有些變動(dòng)。
顛倒是非
在意思上與原文大相徑庭甚至完全相反。
正誤參半
部分正確，部分錯(cuò)誤。

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【學(xué)業(yè)水平測試】專題03 介詞動(dòng)詞（知識(shí)梳理+考點(diǎn)精講精練+實(shí)戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練）-2025年高中英語學(xué)業(yè)水平合格性考試總復(fù)習(xí)（全國通用）.zip
【學(xué)業(yè)水平測試】專題02 冠詞代詞（知識(shí)梳理+考點(diǎn)精講精練+實(shí)戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練）-2025年高中英語學(xué)業(yè)水平合格性考試總復(fù)習(xí)（全國通用）.zip

【學(xué)業(yè)水平測試】專題02 冠詞代詞（知識(shí)梳理+考點(diǎn)精講精練+實(shí)戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練）-2025年高中英語學(xué)業(yè)水平合格性考試總復(fù)習(xí)（全國通用）.zip
【學(xué)業(yè)水平測試】專題01 名詞數(shù)詞（知識(shí)梳理+考點(diǎn)精講精練+實(shí)戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練）-2025年高中英語學(xué)業(yè)水平合格性考試總復(fù)習(xí)（全國通用）.zip

【學(xué)業(yè)水平測試】專題01 名詞數(shù)詞（知識(shí)梳理+考點(diǎn)精講精練+實(shí)戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練）-2025年高中英語學(xué)業(yè)水平合格性考試總復(fù)習(xí)（全國通用）.zip
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