知識梳理
演練
【考情鏈接】
六選四閱讀文章一般以說明文和議論文為主，選文邏輯嚴(yán)密、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，突出對篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的整體理解，側(cè)重考查學(xué)生的邏輯思維能力。設(shè)空題型分布以段中為主，段首和段尾為輔，以考查上下文邏輯關(guān)系為主，考查段落主題句為輔，間或考查段屬的結(jié)論概括性語句。六個備選項意義都與文章內(nèi)容相關(guān)，有一定的干擾迷惑性。試題主要依據(jù)句子在上下文中銜接情況來命制，銜接手段分為三種：結(jié)構(gòu)銜接、邏輯銜接、詞匯銜接。
【要點(diǎn)梳理】
句子銜接手段分為三種：結(jié)構(gòu)銜接、邏輯銜接、詞匯銜接。可按這幾個原則判斷空格與選項是否匹配。
1、結(jié)構(gòu)銜接——根據(jù)空格的位置判斷
1）若空格句出現(xiàn)在段首，則通常是段落主題句。
這句往往是對下面整個段落內(nèi)容的概括和總結(jié)，反映整個段落的主旨和大意認(rèn)真閱。讀后文內(nèi)容，鎖定線索信號詞，然后在選項中查找相關(guān)特征詞。關(guān)注每段首尾句，了解大意知主題。
【例題】(2024楊浦一模)
(70) _______________________ But the mre yu learn t cntrl yur memry, the better yu’ll be at mining yur past, and shaping yur future, t be yur best self nw.
2）若空格句在段尾，則多屬總結(jié)本段內(nèi)容的總結(jié)句或引出下一段內(nèi)容的過渡句。
A：在選項中看能否找到對前文整段的總結(jié)句。如果在段尾提出主題，會用一些信號詞如轉(zhuǎn)折詞引出來，正確答案中應(yīng)有這樣的特征詞。段尾通常是結(jié)論、概括性語句。注意在選項中查找表示結(jié)果、結(jié)論、總結(jié)等的信號詞，如therefre, as a result, thus, hence, in shrt, t sum up, t cnclude, in a wrd等詞語，選項中也可發(fā)現(xiàn)前文的同義詞句。
B：與下一段開頭是否有一定的銜接。認(rèn)真閱讀下一段開頭幾句，看是否與選項的最后一句緊密連接起來。分析與前文是轉(zhuǎn)折或是對比關(guān)系。此時要注意在選項中查找表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對比的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，同時注意選項中所講內(nèi)容是否與前文在同一主題上形成對立、對比關(guān)系。如果第一段的段尾是空白，要認(rèn)真閱讀，看此處是細(xì)節(jié)還是主題。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主題。
【例題】(2024黃埔一模)
“Yu g t cllege right ut f high schl. That’s the rule, right?” says Nikki Ivey, a sales trainer and cnsultant utside Jacksnville, Fla. Hwever, it’s nt the case fr her. Actually, she gt her undergraduate degree at 28. __67__
【例題】(2024虹口一模)
Mst f us d multitasking almst daily. But it’s time t change that. Yur attentin is already being pulled in millins f directins daily, s yu really dn’t need t add multitasking t the list. Let’s take the smartphne fr example. On average yu check yur phne 110 times a day — that means yu’re spending 23 days every year glued t yur smartphne! Hw prductive d yu think that makes yu? ___47___.
But it’s hard t let g f these habits because yu’ve cnditined yur brain t send misleading signals t yur bdy. Research has shwn that when yu multitask “successfully”, yu activate the reward mechanism in yur brain that releases dpamine, the happy hrmne.
3）若空格句在段中，則需根據(jù)空格前后的句子內(nèi)容及邏輯關(guān)系來確定答案。
【例題】(2024長寧一模)
But what happens next? We all hpe the prisner will benefit frm sciety’s retributin. A spell (一陣子) in prisn will refrm him and make him a better persn. We all hpe he’ll refrm and becme like us. We all hpe that when he is eventually released, he will be a gd character. 68 But, let’s face it. The reality is usually very different. The prisner may be released n parle (假釋)befre the end f his sentence. He will try t re-enter sciety. But then he ften becmes a victim himself, unable t find wrk and is rejected by sciety.
2、邏輯銜接——根據(jù)前后文邏輯關(guān)系判斷
1）因果關(guān)系 (Eg: As a result/ thus/therefre/s (such)…)
因果關(guān)系主要指前后的句子有著原因和結(jié)果之間的關(guān)系，這種關(guān)系往往說明了前因后果或者前果后因等情況。2） 轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系 (Eg: Hwever/nevertheless/nnetheless/thugh/yet/in spite f/n the cntrary /in cntrast /by cntrast/ in )
轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系主要指英語行文中后句對前句構(gòu)成逆轉(zhuǎn)邏輯關(guān)系。如果空格前后兩句話之間是邏輯上的逆轉(zhuǎn)，則空格處很有可能是個轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯的句子。
3）并列關(guān)系 (Eg: first/secnd/third/t begin with/t cnclude)
并列關(guān)系主要指前后的句子間是平等的關(guān)系，可以互換位置。
4）遞進(jìn)關(guān)系 (Eg: als/ furthermre/ similarly/ mrever/ in additin/what’s mre）
遞進(jìn)關(guān)系主要指英語行文中后句對前句是一種順承邏輯關(guān)系。如果空格前后兩句話之間是邏輯上的層進(jìn)關(guān)系，則空格處很有可能是個遞進(jìn)的句子。
5） 例證關(guān)系 (Eg: such as /fr examples/One f the examples is …)
前后句的某句是為了證明另一句而舉的例子。例證的形式多樣，但就其本質(zhì)而言無非是思維上的形象（例子、類比等）和抽象（觀點(diǎn)）的辯證關(guān)系，用到的思維過程無非就是基本的歸納（從例子到觀點(diǎn)）和推理（從觀點(diǎn)到例子）。
【例題】(2024徐匯一模)
In Ls Angeles in 2015, nly 33 percent f yuths lived within walking distance f a park, accrding t the L.A. Neighbrhd Land Trust. Lwer-incme neighbrhds tend t have the fewest public play spaces, despite ften having a high ppulatin density. ___70___
3、詞匯銜接——從詞匯關(guān)系上判斷
1）代詞
英語表達(dá)中代詞出現(xiàn)的頻率極高，代詞的作用無非是指代前面提及的名詞或形容詞概念，巧妙利用這樣的指代關(guān)系和根據(jù)代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)差異可以準(zhǔn)確而快速地解題。例如it可指代單數(shù)名詞或整個句子；they或them指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞；ne指代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞；that指代不可數(shù)名詞或句子；this指代單數(shù)名詞或句子;these 或thse指代前句的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。
2）詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)/同義詞/反義詞
英語前言后語之間往往有同義詞、近義詞、近義表達(dá)語甚至相同詞匯的重復(fù)使用，這是我們解題的一個很好的判斷線索。其實就其本質(zhì)而言，上文講的代詞和下文將涉及的上下義詞和同一范疇詞都是特殊的同義/近義詞。
3）同一范疇詞（上下義詞）
上下義詞和同一范疇詞就是前者包含了后者，或可以說后者是前者的一個子集。利用前后句中這樣的特殊的同義關(guān)系常?？梢院茌p松地解題。你可以在選項中找到與此詞匯最接近的詞，從而達(dá)到快而準(zhǔn)。一般來說，上下文中詞匯聯(lián)系越接近，上下文的銜接關(guān)系越緊密。
【例題】(2024閔行一模)
____48____ One respndent believes there is n true emtinal bnding withut smelling a lved ne. Infants recgnize their mthers’ durs sn after birth. Individuals were able t distinguish by the smell alne clthing wrn by their partners frm similar clthing wrn by ther peple.
課堂精練
演練
一、讀懂段意定兩頭——段首、段尾題
(1) 挖空在段首，常是主題句或承上啟下句
假如挖空出現(xiàn)在段首，通常為主題句。要認(rèn)真閱讀空后內(nèi)容，根據(jù)段落一致性原則，推斷出主題句。若不是主題句，則考慮是承上啟下句。
(2) 挖空在段尾，常是結(jié)論句或承上啟下句
挖空出現(xiàn)在段尾，通常是所在段的結(jié)論和概括。解題時注意在選項中查找表示結(jié)果、結(jié)論、總結(jié)的關(guān)聯(lián)詞（如：therefre, as a result, thus, in shrt, t sum up, t cnclude, in a wrd）或句子；挖空在段尾的空格可以起到承上啟下的作用，即通過空格把本段與下一段有機(jī)地結(jié)合起來。這時，我們不光要看空格前面的句子，對于下一段的內(nèi)容也要特別關(guān)注。(段首類的承上啟下句同樣適用此法)
例1：
_____49_____ “If animals becme accustmed t turists and if turism practices enhance this taming, we might create unintended cnsequences - affecting the behavir r ppulatin f a species and influencing the species’ functin in its cmmunity,” the researchers write.
A. As animals learn t relax in the presence f humans, they may becme blder in ther situatins.
F. Interacting with peple can cause great change in the characteristics f varius species ver time.
例2：
If Harry Ptter and Huckleberry Finn were each t represent British versus American children’s literature, a curius situatin wuld emerge : In a literary cmpetitin fr the hearts and minds f children, ne is a wizard(巫師)- in - training at a barding schl in the Scttish Highlands, while the ther is a bareft by drifting dwn the Mississippi, bthered by cheats, slave hunters, and thieves. One defeats evil with a magic stick, the ther takes t a raft(筏)t right a scial wrng. ___67___
A. It all ges back t each cuntry’s distinct cultural heritage.
F. Bth rphans tk ver the wrld f children’s literature, but their stries unfld in nticeable different ways.
例3：
D yu prefer t watch TV r listen t the radi? There was a time when sme peple thught mving pictures wuld spell the end f tuning int the radi fr entertainment and infrmatin. But radi survived and bmed. 67.____________
Perhaps the grwth in pdcasting is nt surprising-it ffers a digital audi file that can be dwnladed and stred fr listening at any time. It can als be streamed frm the internet and played n a cmputer r MP3 player. And it’s nt just bradcasters, like the BBC, wh are prducing pdcasts: nw cmmercial bradcasters, individuals and cmpanies with n cnnectin t bradcasting are making them. In fact, anyne with smething t say, and a few punds t spend n the equipment, can get invlved.
C. And nw, despite the grwth in smartphnes ffering high-definitin pictures, the ppularity f pdcasts is bming.
E. Pdcasts ffer a chance t speak t a very precise selectin f peple.
二、細(xì)辨關(guān)系定中間——段中題
一般說來，文章的行文通常需要一定的銜接手段來實現(xiàn)，而該題型的銜接手段主要有以下兩種渠道： 一是詞匯線索，二是行文邏輯。
(1) 從詞匯線索上判斷
詞匯線索主要包括代詞和詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)兩種情況。
a. 代詞
英語表達(dá)中，代詞出現(xiàn)的頻率極高。代詞主要用于指代前面提到的人或物，有時也是為了區(qū)別前面提到的名詞或概念。巧妙利用這樣的指代關(guān)系及差異可以準(zhǔn)確而快速地解題。
例:
A fresh lemn can be purchased fr less than $1. But in 2008, Cwan's Auctins in Cincinnati sld a lemn blackened with age fr $2,350.
What was s special abut this lemn? 67 Accrding t a handwritten nte in ink attached t a partly sealed bttle cntaining the lemn, the fruit was picked in May 1842 by Washingtn's "ld gardener" sme 43 years after the first president's death
C. It was said t be frm a tree planted by Gerge Washingtn at Munt Vernn.
D. The auctin result surely drew the attentin frm bth the business and ecnmics wrlds.
b. 詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)
作者在文章中會對同一個概念重復(fù)描述，從而使得同樣的意思在文章不同的地方重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)可以指相同詞匯的重復(fù)使用、同義詞和近義詞的復(fù)現(xiàn)以及同一范疇詞匯的復(fù)現(xiàn)。解題時可以利用這些詞作為解題線索。
例:
69.________ D they chse t rb? D they sit at hme and wait? What happens t peple wh rely n their cellphnes t prcess mney dealings when cell service and the Internet are interrupted? A wrld affected by terrrism and increasingly vilent weather may nt yet be ready t abandn currency."
D. Clearing up cash payments has several advantages as well.
E. Hwever, sme peple dubt what members f a cashless sciety will d when the pwer ges ff.
(2) 從行文邏輯上判斷
英語行文離不開邏輯關(guān)系，一篇沒有邏輯的文章只能是一盤散沙。邏輯關(guān)系主要包括：并列關(guān)系、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系等。
a. 并列關(guān)系
表示并列關(guān)系的詞有：first(ly), secnd(ly) ...; first, then/next ...; in the first place, in the secnd place ...; fr ne thing, fr anther (thing) ...; t begin with, t cnclude 等標(biāo)志性詞語，則表明前后兩句是邏輯上的并列關(guān)系，空格處很有可能是個并列的句子。
b. 遞進(jìn)關(guān)系
遞進(jìn)關(guān)系主要指英語行文中后句對前句是一種順承邏輯關(guān)系。表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的詞有：t, als, besides, further, furthermre, mrever, apart frm, what's mre, in additin, as well, t make matters wrse, nt ..., nt nly als等。
c. 因果關(guān)系
表示因果關(guān)系的詞有：s/therefre, thus, hence, cnsequently (結(jié)果), as a result , fr that reasn, s/such ...，s that ...等。
d. 轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系
表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系的詞有：but, hwever, yet, while/thugh, r/therwise, n the cntrary, instead, nevertheless (然而), in cntrast/by cmparisn 等。
e. 表示解釋關(guān)系
表示解釋關(guān)系的詞有：in ther wrds, in fact, as a mater f fact, fr example, fr instance, that is t say等；
例1:
In rder t finish prjects, yu must als plan ut the steps yu will take. Break yur big task int smaller nes, and give yurself a shrt-term deadline fr each f them. ___48___.
C. Whatever it is, if yu dn't knw what yur gal is, yu're nt likely t reach it.
E. Then cmmit t fllwing yur plan t the end.
例2:
Hwever , there is a negative side t bxing. It is likely t threaten persnal safety f peple. Althugh bxers wear glves during the fights , and amateur bxers even have t wear helmets , there have frequently been accident in bth prfessinal and amateur bxing , smetimes with dramatic cnsequences . Bxers have suffered frm head injuries , and ccasinally , fighters have even been killed as a result f being kncked ut in the ring. ___49___ Smetimes even if a bxer has never been kncked ut, he might have suffered severe brain damage withut knwing it.
D. Prfessinal bxers are much mre at risk than their amateur cunterparts.
E. Furthermre , studies have shwn that there are ften lng-term effects f bxing
例3:
This unequal distributin indicates a situatin f severe fd injustice in Suth Africa. Yet frm the research with it’s clear that peple d nt knw f the right t fd, and dn’t see unequal access t nutritius fd as an injustice. ______68_____While there are frequent prtests arund access t jbs, educatin, husing, water and electricity, we rarely, if ever, see prtests abut access t fd.
A. As a result, questins f hunger are largely absent in Suth African plitics.
B. Handling fd injustice requires a transfrmatin f the undesirable structure f the fd system.
例4:
Yur persnal circumstances are equally imprtant. Fr example, yu may want t be a Pilt but can’t becme ne because yur eyesight is nt gd enugh. 70 Yu shuld reassess yur gals, and mtivate yurself t set a fresh gal.
A. This can affect yur wrk.
C. Hwever, this shuld nt discurage yu.
例5:
68. ________Fr instance, the printing and handling f mney is expensive. Cash payments can be annymus (匿名的) and it is hard t track criminal activities cnducted in secret. Many gvernments favr reducing cash dealings in rder t better mnitr and understand the activities f their citizens. The Swedish gvernment has been discussing the remving f cash since 2010.
A. There's n waiting fr it and n cunting f cash.
D. Clearing up cash payments has several advantages as well.
課后反饋
演練
（2024年奉賢區(qū)二模）
Rain Cllectin
What d yu like t d n a rainy day —sit inside and listen t the pitter-patter n the rf r splash utside and feel the cld drps n yur face? Whatever yu chse, rain is vitally essential in the nature.
____47____ It fills rivers and lakes, slwly sinks int the earth, nurishes ur plants, and keeps the land alive and beautiful. In the past, peple btained their water frm rain, wells, r nearby rivers. Nw, many f us live in places where water is piped in, smetimes frm far away. Remving s much water frm nature and sending it t great distances harm the living things that als need that water.
As climate change heats up the planet and causes extreme weather, mre places face water shrtages. ____48____ . One easy place t lk fr mre water is the sky!
Humans have cllected rain since ancient times. ____49____. They are tapping int this clean and rich surce f water prvided by nature. By harvesting the rain we can reduce the amunt f water we take frm rivers and ut f the grund.
Even in dry climates, there is a lt f ptential rainwater that can be effectively harvested and utilized. This rich yet ften verlked resurce has the ptential t significantly cntribute t water cnservatin effrts, especially in regins facing water shrtages. Just ne inch f rain falling n a medium-sized huse prduces ver 600 gallns f water.____50____.
Nwadays, rainwater is still used as a primary supply in many places in the wrld, like Vietnam and Hawaii. In places with piped-in water, rainwater is nt cmmnly used, but this is changing. Rainwater harvesting is getting mre ppular since it’s easy t d and helps create water security.
（2024年黃浦區(qū)二模）
Antarctic Turism: Shuld We Just Say N?
Mre peple are visiting Antarctic, the frzen cntinent than ever befre. ___67___ This has brught a new urgency t the questin f hw much, if any, turism shuld be allwed n the icy cntinent.
The distance mst visitrs travel t reach Antarctica makes carbn emissins a serius prblem. ___68___ One study calculated that each turist between 2016 and 2020 was effectively melting arund 83 tnnes f snw, due largely t emissins frm vacatin ships.
___69___ The Antarctic Treaty, established in 1961 t prvide gvernance fr the cntinent, perates n a cnsultative basis, which means all 56 parties have t agree befre a change can be put int actin. The last majr decisin n turism was a measure passed in 2009 that prhibits vacatin ships carrying mre than 500 passengers frm making landings. That regulatin has still nt fficially been carried ut as nt every signatry cuntry has accepted it dmestically.
There is clear agreement that smething needs t change, but n agreement n what thse changes shuld be. ___70___

【上海市黃浦區(qū)敬業(yè)中學(xué)2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期10月月考】
Magazine Articles: Mre Valuable Than Yu May Think
Parents are ften surprised when teachers suggest their children read magazines. They feel their kids’ reading abilities have been underestimated. ___47___
Magazine articles can prvide reluctant readers with a lively writing style that can inspire them t read mre. ___48___ S a child can finish reading an article withut lsing interest due t a shrt attentin span (持續(xù)時間) . The writing in magazines als tends t be easy t read, especially if it is a children’s publicatin.
By allwing children t read magazines at an early age, parents are encuraging develpment f a useful skill. Magazines and newspapers prvide adults with critical news. Getting int the habit f reading magazines as a child will develp the lifelng habit f reading news articles.
___49___ Magazine articles challenge students t think abut issues they may have never cnsidered r cause them t rethink their wrld view. Infrmatin is available in a wide variety f reading levels because magazines are written fr every audience imaginable. Many publicatins cver the same material in different writing styles that might make it easier fr yur child t cmprehend.
When reading magazines tgether, family members get t learn abut each ther’s interest. ___50___ Once each family member has finished reading each magazine, parents can even design art and writing prjects fr the whle family t wrk n.
All in all, magazines are valuable fr many peple, but in particular t children. The skills that they use and strengthen when reading magazines can be applied t further study. Encuraging children t read magazines culd change them frm a reluctant reader t a lver f reading.
【上海市華東師范大學(xué)第二附屬中學(xué)2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期10月月考】
The ecnmic cst f extreme heat
The Acrplis (古希臘城市的衛(wèi)城) has std abve the city f Athens fr centuries, its ancient walls and pillars withstanding war, siege (包圍) and cnquest. But as temperatures reached 40℃ acrss suthern Eurpe this mnth, Greece’s tp turist attractin briefly fell victim t extreme heat.
The Cerberus heatwave-named after the three-headed dg wh guarded the gates t hell in Greek mythlgy — has shne a sptlight n just hw vulnerable the Mediterranean’s huge turism industry is t the heatwaves that are becming increasingly cmmn in Eurpe.
____47____. Industries ranging frm cnstructin, t manufacturing, agriculture, transprt and insurance are all bracing fr changes t the way they d business as high-temperature days becme mre rutine because f climate change.
Scientists are clear that extreme weather events, including heatwaves, will becme mre frequent and intense with every fractin f a degree f warming. Business leaders and plicymaker are nw cunting the cst f shuttered cmpanies and decreased prductivity. ____48____.
“Extreme heat is pulling dwn ur grwth,” says Kathy Baughman McLed, directr f the Adrinenne Arsht-Rckefeller Fundatin Resilience Center, “the ranways are buckling (變形), metrs are clsing, restaurants have t shut dwn because the kitchen staff are t ht.”
But thse csts are likely t spiral in cming decades as ecnmies rerient themselves fr peak seasns f ever mre extreme heat, t mitigate (減輕) against the risks and disruptin they will bring.
“Extreme heat is ne f the very serius cnsequences f climate change” says Dan Jrgensen, Denmark’s climate minister.” The very tragic news is that this is prbably nly ging t get wrse.”
One f the main reasns that extreme heat pses an ecnmic threat is because it makes it harder t wrk. ____49____ In ht cnditins, human beings typically “wrk slwer, we take n mre risk, ur cgnitive functin decreases”, says Laura Kent f the Institutin f Mechanical Engineers.
A study by the Internatinal Labur Organizatin (ILO), the UN agency fr wrkers, prjected that by 2030,the equivalent f mre than 2 per cent f ttal wrking hurs wrldwide wuld be lst every year, either because it is t ht t wrk r because wrkers have t wrk at a slwer pace.
Yet few cuntries have a maximum temperature fr wrk must stp. In the UK, fr example, where extreme heat has nt histrically been a prblem, there is nly a recmmended threshld fr stpping wrk in cld, nt ht, temperatures.
The prest and least able t cpe are ften hit hardest by extreme heat — with prductivity lsses ften cncentrated in jbs where wages tend t be lwer than average.
Outdr wrkers-especially thse in agriculture r cnstructin — are particularly at risk f death, injuries, sickness and reduced prductivity because f heat expsure, accrding t the ILO. ____50____. Many such facilities are situated in the glbal suth, where peak temperatures are even mre extreme and dangerus.
【2023年1月上海高考英語真題】
If yu needed anther excuse t grab anther cup f cffee, cnsider this research a blessing t d s.
A cmprehensive analysis f 12 studies lked at nearly 350,000 individuals and mre than 8 .000 cases f depressin. (67)__________ In China, researchers analyzed 15 studies with mre than 330 ,000 ttal participants. Their results shwed that fr every cup f cffee peple drank, they reduced their risk f depressin by 8 percent.
(68)______________ Harvard researchers studied 10 years’ wrth f data frm 51 ,000 wmen ,nne f whm had depressin t begin with, The results shwed that the wmen wh drank the mst cffee ( fur r mre cups a day) were 20 percent less likely t develp depressin than thse wh drank little r nne.
Yes, cffee just gt mre magical than yu thught pssible. But why is this? The secret is in the brew's anti-inflammatry prperties. Cffee cntains chlrgenic acid, ferulic acid, and caffeic acid, all f which reduce the inflammatin f nerve cells that bring n depressin. Caffeine als has sme antixidant prperties, which can help sthe inflamed areas f the brain.
_________Sme side effects f a heavy caffeine intake include anxiety , , and increased bld pressure. Ir the bdy experiences these t ften, it culd actually trigger the inflammatin that may cntribute t depressin.
Once the caffeine wears ff, cffee drinkers may experience a drp in md, and thse wh are already depressed can feel thse effects mre strngly. One interesting study fund that drinking mre cffee decreased chances f suicide , until participants drank eight r mre cups a day. Then the risk increased by 58 percent.
(70)__________If yu have sme leftver, here are surprising ways t use thse spare cffee grunds.
【2022年1月上海高考英語真題】
Shuld Writers Be Paid fr Their E-bks Lent by Libraries?
When libraries lend bks t the public, authrs and publishers receive remuneratin frm the Gvernment under the Lending Rights schemes. (67 )________________________ Is this fair?
This year, the gvernment has distributed almst a $ 22 millin under these Public Lending Rights and Educatinal Lending Rights Schemes. Fr each bk in public library cllectins creatrs receive $ 2.1l and publishers receive $ 0.52.
The amunt that each claimant receives is ften nt very significant, with the majrity f authrs receiving between S 100-500 annually, Still, a previus study has revealed that this remuneratin cnstitutes the secnd mst imprtant surce f incme fr creatrs frm their creative wrk..
E-bks, hwever, are nt cvered by these Lending Rights schemes. (68)____________ But e-bk lending is increasing and, accrding t the Australian Library and Infrmatin Assciatin, e-bks are likely t reach 20% f library hldings by 2020. Als, mst, if nt all, self-published titles are dne s in digital frmat nly. Such self-published titles , if lent by libraries ,wuld nt qualify fr any remuneratin.
(69) _____________ Althugh the Bk Industry Cllabrative Cuncil made such prpsal already in a reprt f 2013 , nthing has happened f yet.
One f the main reasns why e-bks are nt cvered is that e-bk lending is quite different frm print bk lending. In case f print bks, authrs and publishers are arguably lsing n custmers and revenues when libraries lan their bks fr free.Creatrs nly receive $2. 11 and publishers receive $0. 52 fr each bk in public library cllectins.
At present, in the case f -bks, many publishers chse nt t sell these bks t libraries.( 70)_______
While publishers charge libraries high prices fr e-bks, writers cmplain that these amunts d nt reach them. Publishing cntracts ften dn't specify whether and hw much authrs receive fr e-bks sales r fr e-lending.
A. There’ll still be times when ld thughts cause sadness, r yu’re anxius abut what’s next.
B. The usefulness f nstalgia seems t vary with age.
C. Tday we have a much mre psitive attitude t nstalgia.
D. Yu’ll get faster at finding it, and add extra layers f detail each time.
E. The answer lies in cnnecting with yur past and future selves.
F. But there’s als a grwing bdy f research int time travel “the ther way”.
A. D I even want them? On whse clck?
B. Why shuld yu challenge that secret timeline f milestnes in yur head?
C. This time, quitting her jb led t her first album, televisin appearances and sld-ut shws.
D. Instead f feeling pressure t hit life events n smene else’s timeline, maybe it’s fine t make ur wn.
E. Peple are feeling like they’re falling behind, when in fact they’re prbably ding exactly what they shuld.
F. She spent years feeling like an utsider and failure as she watched her peers rise in schl and wrk, figuring she’d never catch up.
A. Fcus n the ne thing yu are ding.
B. Habits like these which encurage yu t multitask make yu mentally exhausted and unprductive.
C. Make sure that yu als take breaks in yur mntasking, because that' s what helps yur brain t stay fcused.
D. S it’s a win-win fr everyne!
E. The little infrmatin we d take in when we' re multitasking is mre difficult t remember at a later stage.
F. Yu feel s gd that yu believe yu’re being effective and further encurages yur multitasking habit.
A. It will nt be lng befre he’s back in prisn again.
B. We’re all relieved that the criminal is being punished fr his misdeeds.
C. Cmmunity service is likely t turn prisners int better persns.
D. Offenders are tried and sentenced accrding t the legal system.
E. The threat f anther spell in jail will stp him frm breaking the law again.
F. Put the mney int supprting deprived areas which are the grunds fr crime.
A. Mving mre may nt prevent a child frm becming verweight, but studies shw clearly that it helps bth physical and mental health.
B. And althugh rural areas have mre undevelped utdr space, they ften lack playgrunds, tracks and exercise facilities
C. A lack f safe places fr them t play utside the hme als cntributes t kids besity.
D. It als suggested prescribing weight-lss drugs t children 12 and lder and surgery t teens 13 and lder.
E. Increased screen time and changing nrms arund letting kids play utdrs are unsupervised.
F. They have significant side effects fr bth kids and adults.
A. Odurs are als essential signals in scial bnding.
B. Besides, durs are granted different cultural values.
C. Human’s perceptin f smell facilitates the spread f human culture.
D. Our nses can perceive durs present in extremely small quantities.
E. Many respndents nted many f their lfactry likes and dislikes were based n emtinal links.
F. Sme respndents’ preference fr a particular dur was influenced by emtinal assciatins.
A. Large rfs can, hence, cllect greater amunt f water.
B. Rainwater can als be used fr funtains and pnds.
C. We all deeply depend n the nurishment f rain.
D. T secure future water supply, we need new surces.
E. Nw, many peple are returning t this practice.
F. Rainwater is clean but it gets dirty frm the rf.
A. The number f visitrs hit 100,000 fr the first time this turist seasn, a 40% jump ver the previus recrd.
B. The Antarctic is at risk nt just because f the breakability f its envirnment, but due t the lack f a single gverning bdy.
C. Shuld landings be made at a larger number f sites fr instance r shuld we aim t keep the human ftprint as small as pssible?
D. If what yu really want is t cnnect with snw and ice and yu’re in the nrthern half, can yu catch a train t the nearest snw regin instead?
E. The average per-persn carbn emissins fr an Antarctic turist are 3.76 tnnes – abut the ttal sum that an individual typically generates in an entire year.
F. There is s little regulatin nw that almst anything that will prtect the areas by an fficial legal surce rather than self-regulated wuld be really psitive.
A. Reading magazines enables children t be expsed t varius subjects.
B. Instead, it is necessary t intrduce their kids t a wide range f bks as well as magazines.
C. The benefits f reading magazine articles can be achieved thrugh schl activities.
D. Children can pass a magazine n t a brther r sister when they finish reading it.
E. Hwever, reading magazines ffers many benefits t yung readers.
F. The articles in magazines are generally shrt.
A. Officials shut the site fr several hurs during the httest parts f the day, after hlidaymakers queueing t enter required medical attentin.
B. High temperatures g hard in hand with lw prductivity.
C. But the ecnmic impact f what experts warn culd be a new era f recrd-breaking heat ges far beynd turism.
D. But thse wrking inside factries and wrkshps withut air cnditining are als at increasing risk as intense heatwaves becme mre frequent
E. The impact f extreme heat n wrkers has becme an issue f human rights.
F. A study published by academics at Dartmuth last year fund that heatwaves, brught n by human-caused climate change, cst the glbal ecnmy an estimated $16tn ver a 21-year perid frm the 1990s.
Befre yu stck up at cafe , knw that it is pssible t drink t much cffee.
Cffee has its advantages and disadvantages accrding t different peple.
C. Researchers fund that caffeine , particularly cffee , had a prtective effect against depressin.
D. S by all means , grab that extra cup f cffee , but be sure t limit yur intake.
E.The md-bsting news desn't stp there.
F. T sum up, mre researchers shuld be dne t clarify the relatin between caffeine and depressin.
A.Hwever,this is nt the case when libraries lend e-bks.
B. This may nt be a big issue nw, fr e-bks are minr in publishing.
C. Als, publishers assume get mre prfits frm libraries where readers pay them mre.
D. Publishing cntracts ften dn't specify whether and hw much authrs receive fr e-bks sales r fr e-lending.
E. Extensin alne wuld d little if the current funds under the schemes were merely re-distributed frm bks t e-bks.
F. Fr this reasn, authrs and publishers have been talking the Gvernment int extending the Lending Rights Schemes t e-bks.

相關(guān)試卷

第13講： 句子翻譯之?？季湫图八淖指駥＞?2025年春季高考英語沖刺總復(fù)習(xí)（上海專用）：

這是一份第13講： 句子翻譯之?？季湫图八淖指駥＞?2025年春季高考英語沖刺總復(fù)習(xí)（上海專用），文件包含春考特訓(xùn)課第13講句子翻譯之?？季湫图八淖指駥＞?備考春季高考2025年春季高考英語沖刺總復(fù)習(xí)上海專用解析版docx、春考特訓(xùn)課第13講句子翻譯之?？季湫图八淖指駥＞?備考春季高考2025年春季高考英語沖刺總復(fù)習(xí)上海專用原題版docx等2份試卷配套教學(xué)資源，其中試卷共41頁， 歡迎下載使用。

第12講： 句子翻譯之能力提升-2025年春季高考英語沖刺總復(fù)習(xí)（上海專用）：

這是一份第12講： 句子翻譯之能力提升-2025年春季高考英語沖刺總復(fù)習(xí)（上海專用），文件包含春考特訓(xùn)課第12講句子翻譯之能力提升-備考春季高考2025年春季高考英語沖刺總復(fù)習(xí)上海專用解析版docx、春考特訓(xùn)課第12講句子翻譯之能力提升-備考春季高考2025年春季高考英語沖刺總復(fù)習(xí)上海專用原題版docx等2份試卷配套教學(xué)資源，其中試卷共44頁， 歡迎下載使用。

第06講：完形填空之命題玄關(guān)破解-2025年春季高考英語沖刺總復(fù)習(xí)（上海專用）：

這是一份第06講：完形填空之命題玄關(guān)破解-2025年春季高考英語沖刺總復(fù)習(xí)（上海專用），文件包含春考特訓(xùn)課第06講完形填空之命題玄關(guān)破解-備考春季高考2025年春季高考英語沖刺總復(fù)習(xí)上海專用解析版docx、春考特訓(xùn)課第06講完形填空之命題玄關(guān)破解-備考春季高考2025年春季高考英語沖刺總復(fù)習(xí)上海專用原題版docx等2份試卷配套教學(xué)資源，其中試卷共46頁， 歡迎下載使用。

英語朗讀寶

相關(guān)試卷 更多

第05講：選詞填空十一選十之釣魚方略-2025年春季高考英語沖刺總復(fù)習(xí)（上海專用）

第05講：選詞填空十一選十之釣魚方略-2025年春季高考英語沖刺總復(fù)習(xí)（上海專用）
第04講：選詞填空十一選十之考點(diǎn)透視-2025年春季高考英語沖刺總復(fù)習(xí)（上海專用）

第04講：選詞填空十一選十之考點(diǎn)透視-2025年春季高考英語沖刺總復(fù)習(xí)（上海專用）
第03講：語法填空命題剖析及解題要領(lǐng)-2025年春季高考英語沖刺總復(fù)習(xí)（上海專用）

第03講：語法填空命題剖析及解題要領(lǐng)-2025年春季高考英語沖刺總復(fù)習(xí)（上海專用）
第02講：語法填空之三大從句部分重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)-2025年春季高考英語沖刺總復(fù)習(xí)（上海專用）

第02講：語法填空之三大從句部分重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)-2025年春季高考英語沖刺總復(fù)習(xí)（上海專用）
資料下載及使用幫助
版權(quán)申訴
版權(quán)申訴
若您為此資料的原創(chuàng)作者，認(rèn)為該資料內(nèi)容侵犯了您的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)，請掃碼添加我們的相關(guān)工作人員，我們盡可能的保護(hù)您的合法權(quán)益。
入駐教習(xí)網(wǎng)，可獲得資源免費(fèi)推廣曝光，還可獲得多重現(xiàn)金獎勵，申請 精品資源制作， 工作室入駐。
版權(quán)申訴二維碼
高考專區(qū)
歡迎來到教習(xí)網(wǎng)
  • 900萬優(yōu)選資源，讓備課更輕松
  • 600萬優(yōu)選試題，支持自由組卷
  • 高質(zhì)量可編輯，日均更新2000+
  • 百萬教師選擇，專業(yè)更值得信賴
微信掃碼注冊
qrcode
二維碼已過期
刷新

微信掃碼，快速注冊

手機(jī)號注冊
手機(jī)號碼

手機(jī)號格式錯誤

手機(jī)驗證碼 獲取驗證碼

手機(jī)驗證碼已經(jīng)成功發(fā)送，5分鐘內(nèi)有效

設(shè)置密碼

6-20個字符，數(shù)字、字母或符號

注冊即視為同意教習(xí)網(wǎng)「注冊協(xié)議」及「隱私條款」
QQ注冊
手機(jī)號注冊
微信注冊

注冊成功

返回
頂部