
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
eq \a\vs4\al(?2024·茂名模擬?)Catching nearly 4,000 wild butterflies with handheld nets and taking the temperature f each tiny insect must rank amng the harder f scientific effrts.
Hwever, researchers have discvered significant differences in the ability f British butterflies t maintain a suitable temperature, raising fears that glbal heating will threaten the ppulatins f sme species.
Butterflies are ecttherms-unable t generate their wn bdy heat and require warm temperatures t fly.Hwever, extreme temperatures can pse prblems, particularly fr thse butterflies that must find shady habitats t regulate(調(diào)節(jié)) their bdy temperature.
The study shws that larger, paler butterflies are best able t prtect themselves frm extreme temperatures, changing the angles f their reflective wings in relatin t the sun t direct heat away frm r n t their bdies.The surrunding temperature f the butterfly's perch (棲息處), r air temperature, was als taken, which indicated the degree t which butterflies were seeking specific lcatins t regulate their bdy temperature.Darker, large species have greater difficulty cntrlling their bdy temperature, but even they are better than “thermal specialists”, which rely n finding a spt at a specific temperature in a landscape—a “micrclimate”—t cntrl their bdy temperature.
“After being caught in butterfly nets n British nature reserves, the 29 different species f butterflies' temperatures were taken with a fine prbe.As we plan cnservatin measures t address the effects f climate change, it will be imprtant t understand nt nly the habitat requirements f different butterfly species, but als their temperature requirements,” said Dr Ed Turner, f the University Museum f Zlgy, Cambridge, wh led the wrk.“With this new understanding f butterflies, we shuld be able t better manage habitats and landscapes t prtect them, and in ding s we're prbably als prtecting ther insects t.”
語(yǔ)篇解讀:本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述了科學(xué)家在測(cè)量蝴蝶體溫時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)它們調(diào)節(jié)體溫的能力差異很大,由此擔(dān)心全球變暖會(huì)影響某些物種的數(shù)量。這些科學(xué)家還深入研究了蝴蝶調(diào)節(jié)體溫的方法,以便保護(hù)蝴蝶和其他昆蟲(chóng)。
1.Why did scientists take the temperatures f butterflies?
A.T seek slutins t glbal heating.
B.T uncver climate threats t them.
C.T classify them int different species.
D.T stress the tughness f scientific research.
解析:選B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“然而,研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),英國(guó)蝴蝶在維持合適溫度的能力上存在顯著差異,這引發(fā)了人們對(duì)全球變暖將威脅某些物種數(shù)量的擔(dān)憂”可知,這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)揭露了氣候變化對(duì)蝴蝶的威脅。
2.Hw d larger, paler butterflies regulate their temperature?
A.By angling their wings.
B.By generating the bdy heat.
C.By chsing a micrclimate.
D.By making use f their clur.
解析:選A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句可知,體型更大、顏色更淺的蝴蝶是通過(guò)改變翅膀的角度來(lái)調(diào)節(jié)體溫的。
3.On what basis d butterflies seek specific lcatins?
A.Finding a nature reserve.
B.Attracting ther butterflies.
C.Adapting t climate change.
D.Perceiving the surrundings.
解析:選D 推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句可知,科學(xué)家對(duì)蝴蝶棲息地周?chē)h(huán)境的溫度進(jìn)行測(cè)量,得到了蝴蝶尋找特定位置來(lái)調(diào)節(jié)體溫的程度的結(jié)論,從側(cè)面表明蝴蝶尋找棲息地的時(shí)候?qū)Νh(huán)境是有要求的。
4.What can we learn frm the last paragraph?
A.Understanding f/abut butterflies shuld be strengthened.
B.Better management f butterfly habitats is ppular.
C.Prtecting butterflies can lead t additinal benefits.
D.Gals f prtecting butterflies have been achieved.
解析:選C 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句可知,保護(hù)蝴蝶的同時(shí)還可以保護(hù)其他昆蟲(chóng),即保護(hù)蝴蝶還有額外的好處。
B
eq \a\vs4\al(?2024·秦皇島模擬?)The lander carrying China's first Mars rver successfully tuched dwn n the red planet early Saturday mrning Beijing Time.It is the first time that China has landed a prbe n a planet ther than Earth.
Tianwen-1, cnsisting f an rbiter, a lander and a rver, was launched frm the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site n the cast f suthern China's island prvince f Hainan n July 23, 2020.This is the first step in China's planetary explratin f the slar system, with the purpse f cmpleting rbiting, landing and rving n the red planet in ne missin.
The name Tianwen, meaning “questins t Heaven”, cmes frm a pem written by the ancient Chinese pet Qu Yuan (abut 340-278 BC).China's first Mars rver is named Zhurng after the gd f fire in ancient Chinese mythlgy, which eches with the Chinese name f the red planet: Huxing (the planet f fire).
Tianwen-1 was launched via a Lng March-5 rcket, China's largest launch vehicle.Tianwen-1 has been travelling in space fr nearly 10 mnths.It has carried ut fur rbital crrectins and a deep-space maneuver.It had flwn 475 millin km and was 192 millin km frm Earth when it reached Mars rbit.
The craft's plummet thrugh the Martian atmsphere, lasting abut nine minutes, was extremely cmplicated with n grund cntrl, and had t be perfrmed by the spacecraft autnmusly.
“Such a challenging attempt is characterized by a successin f cmplex activities that must be cnducted cmpletely by the spacecraft within a very shrt perid f time,” said Geng Yan, an fficial with the Lunar Explratin and Space Prgram Center f the CNSA.“What added t the difficulties was that we dn't knw much abut the Martian atmsphere, which brught a lt f uncertainties t the missin.Each step had nly ne chance, and the actins were clsely linked.If there had been any flaw, the landing wuld have failed.”
語(yǔ)篇解讀:本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要介紹了搭載中國(guó)首個(gè)火星探測(cè)器的著陸器“天問(wèn)一號(hào)”成功著陸在紅色星球上,這是中國(guó)第一次在地球以外的行星上著陸探測(cè)器。文章介紹了“天問(wèn)一號(hào)”的任務(wù)、名字由來(lái)以及任務(wù)的艱巨性。
5.What is the missin f Tianwen-1?
A.T recrd the wind speed n Mars.
B.T explre the atmsphere f Mars.
C.T search fr aliens in the slar system.
D.T accmplish three majr tasks n Mars.
解析:選D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知,“天問(wèn)一號(hào)”的任務(wù)是在火星上完成三項(xiàng)主要任務(wù)。
6.What is Paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A.The intrductin f the pet Qu Yuan.
B.The reasns fr the craft landing n Mars.
C.The rigin f tw names Tianwen and Zhurng.
D.The imprtance f ancient Chinese mythlgy.
解析:選C 段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知,第三段主要講了“天問(wèn)” “祝融”兩個(gè)名字的由來(lái)。
7.What d the numbers in Paragraph 4 mainly indicate?
A.The huge task f Tianwen-1.
B.The surrundings f the Mars rbit.
C.The expense f travelling in space.
D.The size f the Lng March-5 rcket.
解析:選A 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容可推知,第四段的數(shù)字主要為了表明“天問(wèn)一號(hào)”的艱巨任務(wù)。
8.What can we knw frm Geng Yan's wrds?
A.China's attempt t explre Mars is successful.
B.Landing n Mars is a very challenging mve.
C.Peple are enthusiastic abut explring the universe.
D.Tianwen-1 is essential t China's space statin prgram.
解析:選B 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段首句和最后一句可推知,耿巖的話表明登陸火星是一個(gè)非常具有挑戰(zhàn)性的舉動(dòng)。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
Writing a great science fictin nvel is a lng, hard prcess.As with any nvel, yu'll want t cnstruct a satisfying plt, develp interesting characters, and write plished, vivid prse.__9__
Remember that science fictin is abut ideas.Different frm ther genres (類(lèi)型), a gd science fictin stry depends n a great imaginatin.__10__ In sci-fi, thse questins can be implicit r explicit.Fr example, many early wrks f sci-fi make their questin bvius.In War f the Wrlds, the questin is: What wuld happen t human sciety if it were invaded by technlgically advanced aliens?
__11__ It's ne thing t have a great idea r situatin, but that desn't mean yu have a stry.While science fictin nvels are ften thught experiments, they als can't just be thught experiments.That means yu're ging t have t cme up with an appealing stry that brings these questins t life.Ask yurself: What is the change that will ccur ver the curse f yur stry, either in the wrld r in the life f the main character?
Create an interesting wrld.__12__The intricately (錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜地) imagined details that make up yur wrld shuld flw in sme way frm the idea at the heart f yur stry.In that way, the wrld yu create in yur sci-fi nvel als reveals smething abut yur pint f view n the real wrld.Even the mst fantastically imagined stry is still a reflectin f real-wrld questins and prblems.
Make sure the rules f yur wrld are cnsistent.One f the qualities that set sci-fi nvels apart frm fantasy and surrealism (超現(xiàn)實(shí)主義) is that n matter hw strange r fantastic the wrld is, it still beys an internally cnsistent lgic.__13__But it must be understandable and in rder fr it t feel believable t the reader.
A.Fcus n character develpment.
B.Make sure yu're telling a gd stry.
C.That said, writing science fictin requires many unique cnsideratins.
D.That lgic will necessarily be different frm the lgic that gverns reality.
E.Befre yu start writing, have sme sense f the questin yur nvel is asking.
F.A sci-fi nvel set in a technlgically backward wrld wuld vilate the rules f the reality.
G.Wrld building is ne f the mst imprtant parts f creating a cmpelling sci-fi stry.
語(yǔ)篇解讀:本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章說(shuō)明了在科幻小說(shuō)的創(chuàng)作中需要考慮的幾個(gè)獨(dú)特的因素。
9.選C 上文“cnstruct a satisfying plt, develp interesting characters, and write plished, vivid prse”說(shuō)明寫(xiě)科幻小說(shuō)和其他任何小說(shuō)一樣,你都想要構(gòu)建一個(gè)令人滿意的情節(jié)、展開(kāi)有趣的人物、寫(xiě)出優(yōu)美、生動(dòng)的散文。C項(xiàng)中“That said”表示進(jìn)一步解釋?zhuān)皉equires many unique cnsideratins(需要很多獨(dú)特的考慮因素)”是對(duì)上一句的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。
10.選E 下文“In sci-fi, thse questins can be implicit r explicit.”說(shuō)明在科幻小說(shuō)中,這些問(wèn)題可以是含蓄的,也可以是明確的。其中“thse questins”與E項(xiàng)中“have sme sense f the questin”相呼應(yīng);下文舉例說(shuō)明寫(xiě)科幻小說(shuō)中所提出的問(wèn)題。
11.選B 該空位于段首,應(yīng)該是該段的主題句。下文“It's ne thing t have a great idea r situatin, but that desn't mean yu have a stry.”說(shuō)明有了好的想法和設(shè)定并不意味著有好的故事;B項(xiàng)中“telling a gd stry”與下一句“have a stry”語(yǔ)義相符;下文的“cme up with an appealing stry”也與B項(xiàng)中的“gd stry”相呼應(yīng)。該段說(shuō)明科幻小說(shuō)要有吸引人的故事情節(jié)。
12.選G G項(xiàng)中“Wrld building”與該段首句語(yǔ)義相符;下文“the wrld yu create the real wrld”說(shuō)明科幻小說(shuō)中創(chuàng)造出來(lái)的世界反映了現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的問(wèn)題。G項(xiàng)與之相對(duì)應(yīng)。
13.選D 上文中的“n matter hw strange r fantastic the wrld is, it still beys an internally cnsistent lgic”說(shuō)明無(wú)論這個(gè)世界多么奇怪或荒誕,它仍然遵循內(nèi)在一致的邏輯;D項(xiàng)中“That lgic”承接上文中的“an internally cnsistent lgic”。
Ⅲ.完形填空
One f the mst remarkable things abut the human mind is ur ability t imagine the future.In ur __14__ we can see what has nt yet happened.Fr example, while we are lking frward t __15__ a new place r cuntry, we __16__ what it will be like.We predict the way peple will eat, dress and act.Of curse, we d nt always predict things __17__.Things are ften very different frm the way we __18__ them t be.
One f the __19__ dreams in histry is the dream f the German scientist, Kekule, wh had been __20__ t wrk ut a very difficult prblem in physics.He had __21__ and analyzed the prblem frm every angle fr days, but there seemed t be n way f __22__ ut the answer.Then ne night he went t bed and dreamed.When he __23__ up, he realized that he knew the answer.He had slved the prblem in his __24__.
It is said that in rder t figure ut the prcess, the hypntist (催眠師) sat in the chair ppsite him and spke __25__:“I want yu t cncentrate n my vice.And as yu pay attentin t my vice, yur __26__ will get heavier.Sn yu'll be asleep.Yu will hear my vice and __27__ my wrds, but yur bdy will be asleep, and when yu wake up yu will remember nthing.Nw I am ging t __28__ slwly frm ne t five.One, tw, three, fur, five ...”
語(yǔ)篇解讀:本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章通過(guò)德國(guó)科學(xué)家 Kekule 做夢(mèng)解題的故事,說(shuō)明了人類(lèi)思維的神奇能力。
14.A.brains B.senses
C.minds D.sights
解析:選C 根據(jù)空前一句可知,人類(lèi)思維最顯著的特點(diǎn)之一就是有想象未來(lái)的能力;據(jù)此可知,空處指“思維”,故C項(xiàng)正確。
15.A.visiting B.seeking
C.reaching D.discvering
解析:選A 根據(jù)該句中的“a new place r cuntry”可推知,當(dāng)我們期望去參觀(visiting)某個(gè)新地方或新國(guó)家時(shí),我們總是想象(imagine)那里會(huì)是什么樣子。
16.A.imagine B.knw
C.feel D.guess
解析:選A 參見(jiàn)上題解析。
17.A.quickly B.simply
C.crrectly D.neatly
解析:選C 根據(jù)空后一句可知,事情總是不同于我們預(yù)料(expected)的那樣;據(jù)此可以判斷,我們不是總能正確地(crrectly)預(yù)測(cè)事情。
18.A.required B.wished
C.left D.expected
解析:選D 參見(jiàn)上題解析。expect “預(yù)料,預(yù)期”。
19.A.funny B.dull
C.famus D.silly
解析:選C 該處陳述的是歷史上著名的德國(guó)科學(xué)家 Kekule 的夢(mèng)。故C項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。
20.A.managing B.trying
C.thinking D.hping
解析:選B 根據(jù)該句語(yǔ)境可知,Kekule 一直在努力解一道物理難題;try t d sth.意為“努力做某事”,符合語(yǔ)境,故B項(xiàng)正確。
21.A.studied B.learned
C.discussed D.searched
解析:選A 根據(jù)該句語(yǔ)境可知,他從多個(gè)角度研究(studied)和分析了這個(gè)難題。
22.A.bringing B.finding
C.turning D.letting
解析:選B 此處指似乎沒(méi)有辦法弄清答案。
23.A.gave B.sat
C.wke D.gt
解析:選C 根據(jù)空前一句“Then ne night he went t bed and dreamed”可知,空處所在句表示他醒來(lái)時(shí)意識(shí)到自己知道了答案。wake up為固定短語(yǔ),意為“醒來(lái)”,故C項(xiàng)正確。
24.A.dream B.lessn
C.research D.exercise
解析:選A 根據(jù)上文中的“he went t bed and dreamed knew the answer”可知,他在夢(mèng)(dream)中解決了這個(gè)難題。
25.A.sftly B.ludly
C.slwly D.firmly
解析:選A 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境并結(jié)合常識(shí)可知,此處是對(duì)Kekule進(jìn)行催眠,故催眠師應(yīng)是柔和地(sftly)說(shuō)著話。
26.A.eyes B.feet
C.head D.bdy
解析:選A 根據(jù)常識(shí)可知,被催眠師催眠時(shí),眼皮會(huì)變得沉重。故選A項(xiàng)。
27.A.believe B.repeat
C.take D.understand
解析:選D 此處指聽(tīng)到聲音并理解聽(tīng)到的話。understand“理解,明白”符合語(yǔ)境。
28.A.cunt B.say C.a(chǎn)dd D.speak
解析:選A 此處表示數(shù)數(shù);A項(xiàng)意為“(按順序)數(shù)數(shù)”,符合語(yǔ)境。
Ⅳ.語(yǔ)法填空
The questin f __1__ invented the cmputer cannt be answered with a single name.Thrughut histry, many different peple have helped in the develpment f this __2__(value) machine.And many date the first imprtant __3__(invent) t the furth century BC when the abacus was develped.
It culd be said that the first cmputer __4__ culd stre prgrams was the 1949 Electrnic Delay Strage Autmatic Calculatr.It __5__(create) by Maurice Wilkes.Frm this pint frward, many develpers helped t make varius types f cmputer.
In the early 1970s, many skilled inventrs __6__(include) Bill Gates, Steve Jbs,and Steve Wzniak did much t develp persnal cmputers in the frm f PCs and Apples.By the 1990s, wnership f PCs became cmmn as prductin grew __7__(expensive) than befre.Als, with the develpment f technlgy, the size f these machines became smaller s that they culd __8__(easy) be used in hmes.
There is n dubt __9__ there are s many thinkers and inventrs wh helped t develp the cmputer.There are even legal battles ver wh shuld be cnsidered as the primary inventrs.As __10__ matter f fact,it is their jint effrts that led t the develpment f this mst useful machine.
eq \x(語(yǔ)篇解讀:本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了為電腦的發(fā)明做出貢獻(xiàn)的人。)
1.wh 考查賓語(yǔ)從句。分析可知,空處引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,且在從句中作主語(yǔ),又由句意“誰(shuí)發(fā)明了計(jì)算機(jī)”可知,用wh來(lái)引導(dǎo)。
2.valuable 考查形容詞。分析可知,空處作定語(yǔ),修飾名詞machine,故用形容詞valuable。
3.inventin 考查名詞。分析可知,空處作賓語(yǔ)且前面有“the first imprtant”修飾,所以要用名詞。
4.that 考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析可知,空處引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞cmputer,且cmputer被序數(shù)詞first修飾,同時(shí)設(shè)空處在從句中作主語(yǔ),所以用that引導(dǎo)。
5.was created 考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。It(指代Electrnic Delay Strage Autmatic Calculatr)與create之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,且create表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去,所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
6.including 考查介詞。分析可知,Bill Gates, Steve Jbs, and Steve Wzniak與inventrs之間是所屬關(guān)系,所以用介詞including(包括……在內(nèi))。
7.less expensive 考查形容詞的比較級(jí)。由后面的than可知,空處應(yīng)用比較級(jí),且由句意“隨著生產(chǎn)費(fèi)用降低,擁有計(jì)算機(jī)也變得普遍了”可知,在此要用降級(jí)比較。
8.easily 考查副詞。修飾動(dòng)詞used應(yīng)用副詞。
9.that 考查固定句型。There is n dubt that ...為固定句型,意為“毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)……”。
10.a(chǎn) 考查固定搭配。as a matter f fact為固定搭配,意為“事實(shí)上”。
Ⅴ.應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作
科技的發(fā)展讓人們對(duì)未來(lái)的生活充滿期待。請(qǐng)你以“Life in the Future”為主題寫(xiě)一篇演講稿,從環(huán)境、交通、人的壽命等方面想象一下未來(lái)的生活。
注意:1.寫(xiě)作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右;
2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫。
參考范文:
Dear friends,
As science and technlgy develp, I think life in the future will be greatly different frm what it is tday.
First f all, ur envirnment will be mre pleasant, because electricity will be prduced frm clean energy instead f cal.Secndly, ur cars, which may run nt nly n the rad but als in the water, will be cntrlled by rbts.In this way, traffic accidents will be greatly avided.Additinally, sme new medicine will be develped s that peple can live lnger.As a result, living t be 120 may be very cmmn.
In cnclusin, I think life in the future will be much better than it is nw.
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