Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
With utbreaks f infectius(感染性的) diseases making headlines arund the wrld, scientists are under pressure t understand the drivers that influence the transmissin f pathgens (病菌的傳播) in rder t better predict and cntrl disease utbreaks.
In the wilds f Btswana, a pathgen called M. mungi has a different way f infecting the banded mngse (a small furry animal that kills snakes and rats). The pathgen spreads frm animal t animal thrugh scent(氣味) marks. “Scent marks are depsited int the envirnment and cntain smell signals that cnvey infrmatin frm ne mngse t anther，” explained Kathleen Alexander, a wildlife bilgist, wh led the new study.
T cnduct their experiment, Alexander and Carle Anne Nichls mnitred the mvements and cmmunicatin f abut 500 banded mngses in prtected park landscapes, urban envirnments, and ther places with varying characteristics in Btswana. In this way, researchers were able t gain insight int the manner in which land type and animal behaviur interact t influence the spread f the pathgen. The result was a cmprehensive data set f mngse behaviural interactins acrss a range f landscape types.
In high-traffic, predatr-rich (食肉動物多的) envirnments, such as urban centres r natinal parks, the mngses stayed cnstantly alerted(警覺的), devting their energy t scanning the surrunding envirnment and preparing themselves fr escaping. This super awareness likely kept them safe frm danger, but it als greatly curtailed their cntact with thers, reducing the pssibility that M. mungi wuld spread. “If yu're running frm a predatr, yu're nt stpping t leave a message fr ther animals，” Nichls says. “Yu're running fr yur life.”
But the ppsite was true at turism cabins, where predatrs are scarce and fd, which is ften left by human hands, is easy t find. Here, the mngses spent a gd amunt f time marking scent, creating a lt f pprtunities fr the pathgen t spread.
Previus studies by Alexander have pulled back the mask n hw animal behaviur shapes the spread f disease. These new findings, hwever, add anther layer f difference t the spread f disease, stressing the rle f envirnments.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項關(guān)于縞獴(banded mngse)的研究，揭示了環(huán)境會影響傳染病的傳播。
1．What's the purpse f marking scent by banded mngses?
A．T track dwn snakes and rats.
B．T better adapt t the envirnment.
C．T share infrmatin with each ther.
D．T prtect themselves frm pathgens.
解析：選C 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Scent marks mngse t anther”可知，縞獴之間利用氣味相互交流。
2．What did Alexander and Nichls d during the experiment?
A．Analyzed the spreading way f the pathgen.
B．Marked the characteristics f different land types.
C．Cllected previus data abut banded mngses' behaviur.
D．Observed banded mngses acrss a range f envirnments.
解析：選D 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句可知，Alexander和Nichls在不同環(huán)境下觀察縞獴的行為。
3．What des the underlined wrd “curtailed” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Decreased. B．Explained.
C．Replaced. D．Repeated.
解析：選A 詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段畫線單詞后的“... yu're nt stpping t leave a message fr ther animals”可知，這種狀況會“減少”縞獴之間的接觸。
4．What's the finding f Alexander and Nichls's new research?
A．Predatrs can speed up the spread f diseases.
B．Envirnments can influence the spread f diseases.
C．Animals can sense ptential danger arund them.
D．The spread f diseases can shape animals' behaviur.
解析：選B 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容及最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，縞獴在捕食者少的地方感染病菌的概率會大很多，因此，Alexander和Nichls新的研究表明生存環(huán)境會影響疾病的傳播。
B
New smart wheelchairs are designed t allw users mre freedm f mvement. Sme even allw them t raise r lwer the seats r t g up and dwn stairs. Nw, a Swiss cmpany, has designed their futuristic mtrized wheelchair Scew Br that is a cmplete slutin with multitasking innvatin. This smart wheelchair is s advanced and multifunctinal that it wn the Design Prize in 2018 and has been recgnized as a pineer in the medical technlgy industry.
With clearly defined lines and a reductin t the essentials, the design team develped a clear design language. That way, Scew Br is seen as a new generatin f wheelchairs at first glance. Scew Br users can cntrl the wheelchair either by a tuch interface (界面) r a smart phne. They can switch frm ne t the ther and can als chse frm three different mdes: the park mde, the drive mde, and the track mde. This allws fr any terrain (地形) and allws peple with mbility disabilities t be independent.
Built with safety in mind, the seat always balances itself s the user stays in a sitting psitin. This feature allws users t deal with different terrains withut the risk f tipping ver. Besides, the ft rests, the seat, and the arm rests are designed t be cmfrtable and adjustable.
The smart wheelchair can g up t 35 kilmeters n ne charge and can g 10 kilmeters per hur. If a break is needed, just put the chair int the relaxatin psitin. The smart wheelchair cmes with tw secure strage areas fr peple n the g t stre valuables. It can fit in the trunk f a car and can be charged in just five hurs.
Scew Br is available in Switzerland, Austria, and Germany. While the first batch (首批) has been sld ut, peple can pre-rder it at the end f the year. This futuristic wheelchair will allw increased mvement and a better quality f life fr peple with mbility issues.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了瑞士的一家公司研發(fā)的一款智能輪椅的設(shè)計理念、功能和市場情況。
5．What d we knw abut the wheelchair?
A．It targets medical wrkers.
B．It features mre functins.
C．It is designed fr husehld use.
D．It is the first mtrized wheelchair.
解析：選B 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“a cmplete slutin with multitasking innvatin ... advanced and multifunctinal”可知，該輪椅功能眾多。
6．What is mainly discussed abut the wheelchair in Paragraph 3?
A．Its design philsphy.
B．Its wrking principle.
C．Its custmer experience.
D．Its fashinable elements.
解析：選A 段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Built with safety in mind”及本段內(nèi)容可以判斷，本段主要講述了設(shè)計輪椅時的想法，即設(shè)計理念。
7．Hw des the authr intrduce the wheelchair in Paragraph 4?
A．By giving exact figures.
B．By making cmparisns.
C．By ffering examples.
D．By listing reasns.
解析：選A 寫作手法題。根據(jù)第四段中的“g up t 35 kilmeters”“g 10 kilmeters per hur”“in just five hurs”可以判斷，作者通過羅列精確數(shù)據(jù)來介紹該輪椅。
8．What can be inferred frm the text?
A．The wheelchair needs further imprvement.
B．The cmpany Scew is a nn-prfit rganizatin.
C．The wheelchair users can mve arund independently.
D．The design team has been awarded many design prizes.
解析：選C 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“New smart wheelchairs ... t allw users mre freedm f mvement”和第二段中的“This ... allws peple with mbility disabilities t be independent”可以推斷，輪椅使用者可以自由獨立地四處活動。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
eq \a\vs4\al(?2024·長沙雅禮中學(xué)月考?)The 21st century saw greater changes than any century befre: changes fr the better, changes fr the wrse; changes that brught a lt f benefits t human beings, changes that put man in danger. __9__
Scientific research in physics and bilgy has vastly bradened ur views. It has given us a deeper knwledge f the structure f matter and f the universe. __10__ Technlgy in the applicatin f science has made big advances that have benefited us in nearly every part f life.
The cntinuatin f such activities will result in even greater advantages t human beings; in pure science — a wider and deeper knwledge in all fields f learning; in applied science — a mre reasnable sharing f material benefits; and better prtectin f the envirnment.
__11__ The creativity f science has been emplyed in ding damage t mankind. The applicatin f science and technlgy t the develpment and prductin f weapns f mass destructin has created a real danger t the cntinued existence f the human race n this planet. __12__ Althugh their actual use has s far ccurred nly in the Secnd Wrld War, the number f nuclear weapns that were prduced and made ready fr use was s large that if the weapns had actually been used, the result culd have been the ruin f the human race, as well as f many kinds f animals.
William Shakespeare said, “The web f ur life is f a mingled yarn (紗線), gd and ill tgether.”__13__ But des it have t be s? Must the ill always g tgether with the gd? Are we bilgically prgrammed fr war?
A．We have seen this happen in the case f nuclear weapns.
B．Sadly, hwever, there is anther side t the picture.
C．Frtunately, science has brught us with the greatest.
D．It ffers us less access t nature as well as scial life.
E．The abve brief review f the applicatin f nly ne part f human activities — science seems t prve what Shakespeare said.
F．Many things caused the changes, but, in my pinin, the mst imprtant was the prgress in science.
G．It has brught us a better understanding f the nature f life and f its cntinuus develpment.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了在21 世紀，科學(xué)有了很大的進步?？茖W(xué)研究極大地開闊了我們的視野，給人類帶來了更大的好處，但另一方面科學(xué)的創(chuàng)造力也被用來損害人類。
9．選F 第一段首句提到關(guān)于21世紀的種種變化；選項F意為：許多事情導(dǎo)致了變化，但在我看來，最重要的是科學(xué)的進步。選項F順承上文的話題，其中the changes與上文中多次出現(xiàn)的changes是詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選F。
10．選G 選項G意為：它使我們對生命本質(zhì)及其不斷發(fā)展有了更好的理解。選項G中的“It has brught us a better understanding f ...”與上一句中的“It has given us a deeper knwledge f ...”是并列句式，其中It都是指代該段首句中的“Scientific research in physics and bilgy”。故選G。
11．選B 第二段首句提到“科學(xué)研究使我們擴大視野”，第三段首句提到“科學(xué)研究活動將給人類帶來更大的好處”；第四段空后一句提到“科學(xué)的創(chuàng)新被用來損害人類”，該段話題與文章上兩段的話題出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折；選項B意為：然而，不幸的是，事情還有另一面。選項B中的hwever表示轉(zhuǎn)折，承上啟下。 故選B。
12．選A 第四段話題是科學(xué)創(chuàng)新被利用來損害人類。選項A意為：我們已經(jīng)在核武器的問題上看到了這種情況?？涨耙痪涮岬健鞍l(fā)展和生產(chǎn)大規(guī)模毀滅性武器對人類的繼續(xù)生存造成了危險”，選項A是順承上一句的話題，以核武器為例進一步說明上一句的內(nèi)容。故選A。
13．選E 選項E意為：以上對人類活動——科學(xué)應(yīng)用的僅僅一部分的簡要回顧似乎證明了莎士比亞所說的。選項E中“what Shakespeare said”即是上一句中“William Shakespeare said”的復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選E。
Ⅲ.完形填空
The rise f mdern science may perhaps be cnsidered t date as far back as the time f Rger Bacn, the wnderful philspher f Oxfrd, wh lived between the years 1214 and 1292. He was prbably the first in the Middle Ages t __14__ that we shuld learn science __15__ bserving and experimenting n the things arund us, and he himself __16__ many imprtant truths.
Galile (1564－1642), __17__， wh lived mre than 300 years later, was the greatest f several great men in Italy, France, Germany, and England, wh began t shw hw many imprtant __18__ culd be discvered by bservatin by degrees. Befre Galile, learned men believed that large bdies __19__ mre rapidly twards the earth than small nes, __20__ Aristtle said s. But Galile, ging t the __21__ f the Leaning Twer f Pisa, let fall tw __22__ stnes and prved Aristtle was wrng. It is Galile's __23__ f ging direct t nature, and prving ur __24__ and theries by experiment, that has __25__ all the discveries f mdern science.
What __26__ thse peple gd scientists? Frm the example f Galile, we knw clearly that __27__ scientists are thse whse bservatins have __28__ better results.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。一個科學(xué)家應(yīng)該是一個很好的觀察者，不能盲目相信他人，應(yīng)該通過觀察和實驗來獲得正確的觀點和理論。
14．A.cmmand B．suspect
C．suggest D．cnclude
解析：選C 根據(jù)空后的內(nèi)容可知，這里應(yīng)是Rger Bacn提出的建議。故C選項正確。
15．A.in B．with C．n D．by
解析：選D 根據(jù)空后面的“bserving and experimenting n the things arund us”可知，此處表示通過觀察我們周圍的事物并做實驗。故D選項正確。
16．A.brught B．discvered
C．handled D．a(chǎn)nnunced
解析：選B 結(jié)合上文和空后的“many imprtant truths”可知，他本人發(fā)現(xiàn)了很多重要的真理。故B選項正確。
17．A.hwever B．therefre
C．seldm D．never
解析：選A 上文說Rger Bacn也許是中世紀第一個建議通過觀察和實驗的方式來學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)，此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折，然而，伽利略是幾個偉大的人物中最偉大的一個。故A選項正確。
18．A.truths B．prblems
C．investigatins D．subjects
解析：選A 由空后的“culd be discvered by bservatin”可知，很多真理可以通過觀察而被發(fā)現(xiàn)。上文中的“many imprtant truths”也是提示。故A選項正確。
19．A.threw B．fell
C．ran D．rlled
解析：選B 根據(jù)下文中的“l(fā)et fall”可知，空處應(yīng)選fell。故B選項正確。
20．A.althugh B．because
C．when D．if
解析：選B 根據(jù)“Aristtle said s”可知，這里表示因為亞里士多德是這樣說的。故B選項正確。
21．A.place B．ft
C．tp D．ceiling
解析：選C 結(jié)合空后的“f the Leaning Twer f Pisa, let fall tw ________ stnes”可知，伽利略跑到了比薩斜塔的塔頂。故C選項正確。
22．A.big B．small
C．similar D．unequal
解析：選D 根據(jù)上文和空后面的“stnes and prved Aristtle was wrng”可知，此處表示使用了兩塊不同重量的石頭。故D選項正確。
23．A.spirit B．skill
C．thery D．wish
解析：選A 由空后面的“f ging direct t nature”可知，此處表示科學(xué)精神(spirit)。故A選項正確。
24．A.plans B．pinins
C．wrld D．a(chǎn)bility
解析：選B 與空后面“and theries by experiment”中的theries呼應(yīng)，此處表示通過實驗證明我們的觀點和理論。故B選項正確。
25．A.led t B．turned t
C．set up D．put frward
解析：選A 這里是說正是伽利略的這種精神使得現(xiàn)代科學(xué)能有所發(fā)現(xiàn)。故A選項正確。
26．A.makes B．prevents
C．cnsiders D．prmises
解析：選A 結(jié)合下文中的“scientists are thse ...”可知，此處是說“什么使這些人成為好的科學(xué)家”。故A選項正確。
27．A.reasnable B．successful
C．expert D．sensitive
解析：選B 結(jié)合上文中所舉的例子我們可以清楚地知道，成功的(successful)科學(xué)家是那些善于觀察、敢于實踐和挑戰(zhàn)權(quán)威的人。故B選項正確。
28．A.freseen B．rejected
C．prduced D．challenged
解析：選C 根據(jù)語境，此處指那些科學(xué)家們的觀察產(chǎn)生了更好的結(jié)果。故C選項正確。
Ⅳ.語法填空
eq \a\vs4\al(?2024·昆明市高三診斷考試?)The idea f inviting the public t take part in scientific studies is knwn as “citizen science”. Anyne __1__ helps scientists d the jb is called a “citizen scientist”. What can yu get if yu becme a citizen scientist?
A sense f purpse! Citizen science prjects can help yu make gd use f __2__ (yu) time.
Fun times! Yu never knw what might__3__ (find)．
Mre educatin! Learn abut sme __4__ (attract) things while ding scientific jbs.
When yu're having fun in the park and seeing a bird, why nt take a picture f it? With a simple click, yu culd be helping scientists! Shanghai Natural Histry Museum has __5__ app. Peple can uplad sunds, __6__ (pht) and lcatins f animals if they see them arund their city. Scientists can use these data __7__ (study) city animals and better prtect them.
In fact, peple just like yu can help ut with many scientific studies. Fr example, scientists always spend many years __8__ (discver) every kind f ladybug (瓢蟲) in the wrld. But if we share ur wn pictures f ladybugs with scientists, they can find them much __9__ (fast). As ne ld saying ges, “Many hands make light wrk.”
Of curse, there is mre t study than just animals. There are many ther fun prjects, such __10__ watching stars and cluds, cunting penguins and even listening t laughs. Yu'll find that science is fun and is fr everyne!
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了什么是公眾科學(xué)以及公眾科學(xué)不僅給市民帶來益處，也能為科學(xué)家提供幫助。
1．wh/that 考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，在從句中作主語，修飾先行詞Anyne，所以填wh/that。
2．yur 考查代詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處作定語，修飾名詞time，所以填形容詞性物主代詞yur。
3．be fund 考查語態(tài)。find和從句主語what是被動關(guān)系，所以填be fund。
4．a(chǎn)ttractive 考查形容詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處應(yīng)用形容詞作定語，修飾名詞things，所以填attractive。
5．a(chǎn)n 考查冠詞。app是可數(shù)名詞，且第一次在語境中出現(xiàn)，故用不定冠詞修飾，且 app的發(fā)音以元音音素開頭，所以填an。
6．phts 考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。pht是可數(shù)名詞，且空前無限定詞，故用復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以填phts。
7．t study 考查非謂語動詞。此處不定式作目的狀語。
8．discvering 考查非謂語動詞。spend time (in) ding sth. 是固定搭配，所以填discvering。
9．faster 考查副詞的比較級。much, far, even, still等副詞常修飾形容詞或副詞的比較級，所以填faster。
10．a(chǎn)s 考查介詞。such as “例如”，是固定搭配。
Ⅴ.應(yīng)用文寫作
假定你是李華，你想邀請你的英國朋友Peter下周六參觀你校舉辦的“科技小發(fā)明(technlgical gadgets)”展覽。請給他寫一封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：
1．具體時間和地點；
2．展覽目的和內(nèi)容。
注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；
2．可以適當(dāng)增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
參考范文：
Dear Peter，
I'm glad t invite yu t an exhibitin f technlgical gadgets t be held in ur schl next Saturday.
The exhibitin is scheduled t take place in the ftball field frm 8：00 am t 11：00 am, lasting 3 hurs. It's aimed at encuraging students' creative thinking as well as sharing their wrks with thers. In this exhibitin, yu can enjy varius gadgets which are f great use in ur daily life. Additinally, sme excellent student inventrs will intrduce the functins f their technlgical gadgets and perfrm them n the spt. It wuld be nice if yu culd jin in the cming exhibitin.
Lking frward t yur reply and expecting yur cming.
Yurs，
Li Hua

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