
分層練習
語言知識
一、(2024·高一課時練習)單詞拼寫
1 He spent a lt f years ______________ (獲得) his skills as a surgen(外科醫(yī)生).
2 The satellite ______________ (使能夠) us t calculate their precise lcatin anywhere in the wrld.
3 His vice n the phne is very f_______________ t me, but I just can’t say his name.
4 I set ff fr a new _______________ (歷險) in the United States n the first day f new year.
5 Sme peple say that wmen _____________ (往往/易于...) t live lnger than men.
6 Methds used by yunger teachers differ _________________ (顯著地) frm thse used by lder nes.
7 I s____________ a match(火柴) and lked at my watch. Nearly twelve!
8 Whenever she was is upset, she always turns t her best friend fr advice and c_____________.
9 That rganizatin has firmly _____________ (撇清關系) itself frm the anti-gvernment mvement.
10 The yung man was caught n the bus by a pliceman in ____________ (簡單的、樸素的) clthes.
【答案】
1 acquiring 2 enables 3 familiar 4 adventure 5 tend 6 significantly 7 struck 8 cmfrt 9 distanced 10 plain
二、(2024·高一課時練習)單項選擇
1.Dn't lse heart r feel frustrated if yu are ________ by yur dream schl and yu may cntinue t pursue and request an appeal t its Faculty Admissins Cmmittee, trying t add smething new abut yurself.
A.turned in B.turned ver C.turned dwn D.turned up
2.Knwing the milk delivery service was suspended withut ntice, I did nt ________ t call the curier fr a check, because I trusted him and it ________ me that he might be under quarantine.
A.feel like; hit B.prmpt; ccurred C.request; dawned D.bther; struck
3.E-sprts enthusiasts are taking steps t ________ ld ntins abut vide games and sme even ________ this activity as a ptential career.
A.strike; recgnize B.shatter; perceive C.discard; admit D.bury; predict
4.T ur great surprise, the class meeting ________ t be a big success.
A.turned n B.turned up C.turned dwn D.turned ut
5.I was expecting him at ten, but he didn’t ________.
A.turn n B.catch up C.turn up D.get n
【答案】
1.C
【詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意:如果你被夢想的學校拒絕了,不要灰心或者感到沮喪,你可以繼續(xù)追求并請求其招生委員會試試,同時盡力增加一些關于自己的新東西。A. turned in交還;B. turned ver翻轉(zhuǎn);C. turned dwn拒絕;D. turned up露面。由上文的“l(fā)se heart r feel frustrated”可知,在被夢想的學校拒絕后的條件下,感到灰心,感到沮喪。故選C。
2.D
【詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:知道牛奶配送服務在沒有通知的情況下被暫停了,我沒有打電話給配送員核對,因為我信任他,突然想到他可能正在被隔離。A. feel like想要;hit打擊;B. prmpt促進;ccurred發(fā)生;C. request要求;dawned開始出現(xiàn);D. bther煩擾;struck(使)突然想起。bther t d sth.費心做某事。It struck sb. that …某人突然想到……。故選D。
3.B
【詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:電子競技愛好者正在采取措施打破關于電子游戲的舊觀念,有些人甚至認為這是一項潛在的職業(yè)。第一空:strike打擊;shatter打破;discard拋棄;bury安葬。根據(jù)后文“l(fā)d ntins abut vide games”指打破關于電子游戲的舊觀念應用shatter;第二空:recgnize認出;perceive認為;admit承認;predict預測。根據(jù)后文“this activity as a ptential career”表示“認為”應用perceive sth. as。綜上,故選B。
4.D
【詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意:令我們大為驚訝的是,班會結(jié)果竟然大獲成功。A. turned n打開;B. turned up出現(xiàn),調(diào)大;C. turned dwn拒絕,調(diào)??;D. turned ut結(jié)果是,證明是。根據(jù)“t be a big success”可知,此處表示班會結(jié)果是巨大的成功。故選D。
5.C
【詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意:在10點的時候,我一直期待他,但是他沒有出現(xiàn)。A. turn n打開;B. catch up追趕;C. turn up出現(xiàn);D. get n上車,出人頭地。根據(jù)“I was expecting him at ten, but”可知,此處應表示“出現(xiàn)”,故選C。
三、(2024·高一課時練習)完成句子
1.Tragedy s________when several peple were crushed t death in the crwd. (v. t suddenly happens r suddenly begins t affect smene)(根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫)
2.Reducing levels f carbn dixide in the a________ is f critical significance. (根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫)
3.Nt c________ t the fact, his descriptin f that accident cannt be used as evidence. (根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫)
4.I class myself as an ________ (普通的) wrking persn. (根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫)
5.Yellw Hstel is affrdable, and it’s gt a fun ________ (氛圍) withut being t nisy. (根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫)
6.The play ________ (以……為背景) the early days f Wrld War Ⅱ is ppular with the ld peple.(根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子)
7.Children always seem t ________ (渴望) Christmas t cme. (根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子)
8.We are angry because the gds d nt ________ (和……一致) the samples they sent us. (根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子)
9.Nw there are many yung men in ur sciety dreaming f ________ (發(fā)財)withut hard wrk. (根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子)
10.He drve s fast that the car disappeared ________ (在遠處) right away. (根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子)【答案】
1.struck
【詳解】考查動詞和時態(tài)。句意:悲劇發(fā)生了,人群中有幾人被壓死。(動詞,突然發(fā)生或突然開始影響某人)根據(jù)英文解釋和首字母可知,空處表示“突然發(fā)生;突然襲擊”應用動詞strike,根據(jù)從句時態(tài)可知,用一般過去時。故填struck。
2.a(chǎn)tmsphere
【詳解】考查名詞。句意:降低大氣中的二氧化碳水平具有至關重要的意義。根據(jù)單詞首字母以及句意“大氣”可知應填名詞atmsphere,作賓語。故填atmsphere。
3.crrespnding
【詳解】考查動詞。句意:他對事故的描述與事實不符,不能作為證據(jù)。根據(jù)單詞首字母以及句意“符合”可知應填動詞crrespnd,與邏輯主語descriptin 構(gòu)成主動關系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。故填crrespnding。
4.rdinary
【詳解】考查形容詞。句意:我把自己看作一名普通工人??仗帒眯稳菰~做定語,根據(jù)漢語提示及an可知,形容詞rdinary(普通的)符合,作定語,修飾wrking persn。故填rdinary。
5.a(chǎn)tmsphere
【詳解】考查名詞作賓語。句意:Yellw Hstel價格實惠,氛圍有趣而又不太吵。分析句子成分可知,設空處跟在謂語動詞has gt后面充當賓語;根據(jù)漢語提示“氛圍“可知,要填atmsphere。故填atmsphere。
6.set in
【詳解】考查固定短語和過去分詞。句意:這出以第二次世界大戰(zhàn)早期為背景的戲很受老年人的歡迎。設空處修飾The play作定語,和名詞之間是被動關系,用過去分詞,短語be set in,意為“以……為背景”,故填set in。
7.be anxius fr
【詳解】考查形容詞短語。句意:孩子們總是看起來渴望圣誕節(jié)的到來。表達:渴望,英語用be anxius fr??崭袂笆遣欢ㄊ椒杢 ,因此空格處是動詞原形。故填be anxius fr。
8.crrespnd t
【詳解】考查固定短語。句意:我們很生氣,因為商品與他們寄給我們的樣品不相符。短語crrespnd t,意為“和……一致”,接在助動詞 d nt后,應動詞原形,故填crrespnd t。
9.making a/their frtune
【詳解】考查固定短語和動名詞。句意:現(xiàn)在在我們的社會中有許多年輕人夢想著不需要努力工作就能獲得他們的財富。短語making a/ne's frtune,意為“發(fā)財”,接在介詞f后,應用動名詞,故填making a/their frtune。
10.in the distance
【詳解】考查固定短語。句意:他開得太快了,汽車馬上就消失在了遠處。短語in the distance,意為“在遠處”,根據(jù)提示,故填in the distance。
知識應用
(2022-2023學年下學期·江蘇南京六校聯(lián)合體·高一期末)閱讀理解
There’s n dubt that psitive thinking impacts ne’s life. Hwever, in recent years, I’ve cme t understand that perhaps psitive thinking can result in txic(有毒的) psitivity, which has negative results. What we shuld be aiming fr instead is emtinal validatin(確認) .
Txic psitivity is the maintenance f psitive thinking even in situatins where it isn’t apprpriate. “It ften cmes at the risk f denying(否認) ur wn real feelings r the feelings f thers,” says Nina Vasan, MD. While psitive thinking in general is a great thing, txic psitivity isn’t. It’s the act f denying anything negative that’s actually happening, and it can invlve making peple feel bad fr having nrmal human emtins. Smene practicing txic psitivity might say things like “everything happens fr a reasn” r “just lk n the bright side” when a friend shares smething difficult in his/her life.
Vasan tells us that with txic psitivity, emtins like srrw and anger are pushed aside. Hwever, emtinal validatin allws yu t have yur feelings. T be exact, emtinal validatin is abut allwing peple t experience their feelings and acknwledging that having negative feelings is real and ften imprtant. That desn’t mean it prmtes and encurages negative thinking endlessly, thugh.
Txic psitivity encurages us t fcus nly n the psitive, which can stp us frm dealing with the feelings we need t wrk thrugh. Practicing emtinal validatin is a healthier ptin fr yu and the nes yu lve. “This can be as simple as saying ‘I understand yu’re really sad’.” explains Vasan. Offering yur understanding shws ur lved nes that we care abut their feelings. Besides, instead f telling smene t lk n the bright side, yu shuld ffer wrds and thughts f supprt instead.
Txic psitivity has becme prevalent, and yu prbably knw a lt f peple wh dismiss yur negative experiences with statements like “yu’re t sensitive”. Nw yu can say: Whatever yu’re feeling is temprary and allwing yurself t feel it will help yu get thrugh it.
1. What is emtinal validatin?
A. Aviding risks in terrible situatins.B. Denying peple’s negative feelings.
C. Maintaining psitive in hard times.D. Accepting emtinal ups and dwns.
2. What may the authr recmmend yu t say t a sad persn?
A. Perhaps smething frtunate is still waiting fr yu.
B. I’m sure there’s a gd reasn fr what has happened.
C. Yu have every right t feel upset and I am here fr yu.
D. I understand yur sadness but being sensitive is n gd.
3. What des the underlined wrd “prevalent” in the last paragraph prbably mean?
A. Creative.B. Widespread.C. Challenging.D. Enrmus.
4. What is the main idea f the text?
A. Admitting negativity is reasnable.B. Prmting psitivity is wrthwhile.
C. Sticking t psitivity is significant.D. Expressing negativity is inapprpriate.
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A
【導語】本文是一篇議論文,講述了有毒的積極性具有負面影響,我們應該轉(zhuǎn)向情感認可,去正視別人的情感,承認別人的消極情緒。
1. 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Hwever, emtinal validatin allws yu t have yur feelings. T be exact, emtinal validatin is abut allwing peple t experience their feelings and acknwledging that having negative feelings is real and ften imprtant.(然而,情感認可可以讓你有自己的感受。確切地說,情感認可讓人們體驗自己的感受,并承認負面感受是真實的,而且往往很重要。)”可知,情感認可接受情緒的起伏。故選D。
2. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Nw yu can say: Whatever yu’re feeling is temprary and allwing yurself t feel it will help yu get thrugh it.(現(xiàn)在你可以說:你感覺到的一切都是暫時的,允許自己去感受它,這會幫助你渡過它。)”可知,作者認為可以認可對方的負面情緒,讓對方去感受自己的負面情緒。根據(jù)第四段中的“Besides, instead f telling smene t lk n the bright side, yu shuld ffer wrds and thughts f supprt instead.(此外,不要告訴別人往好的方面看,你應該用語言和思想來支持他們。)”可知,作者認為要支持情緒低落的人。由此可推測出,C項“你有權(quán)利感到沮喪,我在這里陪著你?!弊钸m合對一個悲傷的人說。故選C。
3. 詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句中的“yu prbably knw a lt f peple wh dismiss yur negative experiences with statements like ‘yu’re t sensitive’”可知,有很多人用“你太敏感了”這種話來駁斥你,由此可推測出,有毒的積極性很盛行,prevalent意為“普遍存在的,盛行的”,與widespread(普遍的,廣泛的)意思最接近。故選B。
4. 主旨大意題。通讀全文可知,第一段中的“I’ve cme t understand that perhaps psitive thinking can result in txic(有毒的) psitivity, which has negative results. What we shuld be aiming fr instead is emtinal validatin(確認).(然而,近年來,我逐漸明白,也許積極的想法會導致有毒的積極性,這會產(chǎn)生負面的結(jié)果。相反,我們應該追求情感認可。)”可知,本文主要講述了有毒的積極性具有負面影響,我們應該轉(zhuǎn)向情感認可,去正視別人的情感,承認別人的消極情緒。因此,A項“承認負面情感是合理的”符合文章大意。故選A。
五、(2022-2023學年下學期·福建寧德·高一期末)完形填空
Many wnderful teachers have helped shape my life. One teacher wh especially stands ut in my 1 was Mr. Patrick Gallagher. He was my histry teacher in high schl, and ne f the 2 f a service club in which I was an fficer.
Maya Angelu nce said, “Peple will frget what yu said, peple will frget what yu did, but peple will never frget hw yu made them 3 .” I remember Mr. Gallagher made me feel like I was 4 . He made me see things abut myself that I never 5 . He encuraged me t be a student 6 , saying I was an inclusive(包容的) persn wh always tried t 7 thers int a situatin. He believed in me, and I wanted t live up t(不辜負) his gd 8 f me.
On days when I feel a little lst r 9 , I still pull ut the letter f schlarship recmmendatin he 10 fr me. Thse 11 still have the pwer t make me nce again feel wrthy and 12 .
Frm Mr. Gallagher, I learned t shine a light n students’ 13 and help them see their wn special qualities. I lk fr ways t tell students all the 14 I see in them, s they, t, can 15 smeday and remember that a teacher saw in them a bright student with s much ptential(潛能).
1. A. dreamB. hnrC. memryD. imaginatin
2. A. wrkersB. narratrsC. advisersD. clleagues
3. A. wrkB. feelC. respndD. think
4. A. specialB. carefulC. energeticD. flexible
5. A. admittedB. realizedC. rememberedD. expressed
6. A. assistantB. waiterC. memberD. leader
7. A. persuadeB. cheatC. frceD. welcme
8. A. explanatinB. nticeC. pininD. standard
9. A. highB. excitedC. lwD. embarrassed
10. A. wrteB. reservedC. gtD. answered
11. A. impressinsB. wrdsC. suggestinsD. tasks
12. A. capableB. generusC. fancyD. dd
13. A. strengthsB. actinC. infrmatinD. prblems
14. A. lveB. gdC. determinatinD. kindness
15. A. pay backB. lk backC. get backD. turn back
【答案】
【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。作者高中的歷史老師幫助作者看到自己的特殊和優(yōu)點,對作者產(chǎn)生了深遠的影響,也讓作者成為老師后同樣對待自己的學生。
1. 考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:Patrick Gallagher先生是我記憶中特別突出的一位老師。A. dream夢;B. hnr榮譽;C. memry記憶;D. imaginatin想象。根據(jù)前句“Many wnderful teachers have helped shape my life.(許多優(yōu)秀的老師幫助塑造了我的生活。)”可知,這里是在回憶自己曾經(jīng)的老師,Patrick Gallagher先生在作者的記憶中尤為突出。故選C。
2. 考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:他是我高中時的歷史老師,也是我擔任干部的一個服務俱樂部的顧問之一。A. wrkers員工;B. narratrs敘述者;C. advisers顧問;D. clleagues同事。根據(jù)句中的“He was my histry teacher in high schl”和空后的“f a service club”可知,Patrick Gallagher是高中老師,同時也在一個服務俱樂部當顧問。故選C。
3. 考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:人們會忘記你說了什么,人們會忘記了你做了什么,但人們永遠不會忘記你給他們帶來的感受。A. wrk工作;B. feel感覺;C. respnd回應;D. think思考。根據(jù)下句“I remember Mr. Gallagher made me feel like I was __4__.”可知。這里是說人們永遠不會忘記你給他們帶來的感受。故選B。
4. 考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:我記得Gallagher先生讓我覺得自己很特別。A. special特別的,特殊的;B. careful小心的;C. energetic精力充沛的;D. flexible靈活的。根據(jù)最后一段中的“help them see their wn special qualities”可知,這里是special的原詞復現(xiàn),表示Gallagher老師讓作者覺得自己很特別。故選A。
5. 考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:他讓我看到了我從未意識到自己有的那些東西。A. admitted承認;B. realized意識到;C. remembered記得;D. expressed表達。根據(jù)句中的“made me see things abut myself”可知,老師讓作者看到自己身上有的東西,而作者從來沒有意識到自己有這些東西。故選B。
6. 考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:他鼓勵我成為一名學生領導,說我是一個包容性強的人,總是盡力歡迎別人加入。A. assistant助理;B. waiter服務員;C. member成員;D. leader領導者。根據(jù)句中的“I was an inclusive(包容的) persn wh always tried t __7__ thers int a situatin”可知,老師鼓勵作者當學生領導。故選D。
7. 考查動詞詞義辨析。句意參考上題。A. persuade說服;B. cheat欺騙;C. frce強迫;D. welcme歡迎,迎接。根據(jù)句中的“I was an inclusive(包容的) persn”可知,有包容心的人才會歡迎別人加入。故選D。
8. 考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:他相信我,我想不辜負他對我的好評價。A. explanatin解釋;B. ntice注意;C. pinin觀點,看法;D. standard標準。根據(jù)上文中的“saying I was an inclusive(包容的) persn wh always tried t __7__ thers int a situatin”可知,老師給予了作者好的評價。故選C。
9. 考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:在我感到有點迷惘或情緒低落的日子里,我仍然會拿出他為我寫的獎學金推薦信。A. high高興的,興奮的;B. excited興奮的;C. lw;D. embarrassed尷尬的。根據(jù)r前面的lst,這里r連接的應是兩個感情色彩相近的詞,表達的應是作者感到情緒低落。故選C。
10. 考查動詞詞義辨析。句意參考上題。A. wrte寫;B. reserved預訂;C. gt得到;D. answered回答。根據(jù)空前的“the letter f schlarship recmmendatin he”和空后的“fr me”可知,老師為作者寫了獎學金推薦信。故選A。
11. 考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:這些字仍然有力量讓我再次感到有價值和有能力。A. impressins印象;B. wrds話語,字;C. suggestins建議;D. tasks任務。根據(jù)上文中的“the letter f schlarship recmmendatin”可知,這里是說老師寫的獎學金推薦信里的字。故選B。
12. 考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意參考上題。A. capable有能力;B. generus慷慨的;C. fancy精致的;D. dd古怪的。根據(jù)and前的wrthy可知,and前后表示的內(nèi)容應褒貶一致,所以這里應是這些字讓作者再次感到自己有能力。故選A。
13. 考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:從Gallagher老師那里,我學會了發(fā)掘?qū)W生的長處,幫助他們看到自己的特殊品質(zhì)。A. strengths優(yōu)點,長處;B. actin行動;C. infrmatin信息;D. prblems問題。根據(jù)空后的“and help them see their wn special qualities”可知,這里是說作者學會發(fā)掘?qū)W生身上的長處。故選A。
14. 考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:我想辦法告訴學生們我在他們身上看到的所有優(yōu)點,這樣他們也可以有一天回過頭來,記住一位老師在他們身上看到一個有很多潛力的聰明學生。A. lve愛;B. gd善,優(yōu)點;C. determinatin決心;D. kindness善良。根據(jù)上文中的“I learned t shine a light n students’ __13__ and help them see their wn special qualities”可知,作者會告訴學生自己在學生身上看到的所有優(yōu)點。故選B。
15. 考查動詞短語辨析。句意參考上題。A. pay back報復;B. lk back回憶,回顧;C. get back返回;D. turn back(使)原路返回。根據(jù)and后的remember可知,這里是說學生在某一天回首往事。故選B。
六、(2022-2023學年下學期·江蘇南通高一期末)應用文寫作
假定你是李華,暑假即將來臨,你的老師Tny準備布置線上課程,幫助同學利用假期學習。你認為線上課程存在問題,請你給Tny老師寫一封郵件,內(nèi)容包括:
1. 說明問題;
2. 提出建議。
注意:
1. 寫作詞數(shù)應為80左右;
2. 請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。
參考詞匯:線上課程nline curses
Dear Tny,
I’m yur student, Li Hua.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear Tny,
I’m yur student, Li Hua. I’m writing t share with yu my idea abut the nline curses t be assigned.
Persnally, well-meant as the curses are, sme students dn’t take them seriusly. In that case, their learning efficiency wn’t be guaranteed. Wrse still, t much time spent learning nline is likely t harm their physical and mental health. Hence, t hld the students’ attentin and ensure their health, I strngly recmmend mre interesting curses and a shrtened duratin.
I sincerely hpe my advice is f practical use t yu. Lking frward t yur early reply.
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
【導語】本篇書面表達屬于應用文。要求考生給老師Tny寫郵件,反饋線上課程存在的問題,并提出建議。
【詳解】1.詞匯積累
主意/觀點:idea→pinin
保證:guarantee→assure
有吸引力的:interesting→appealing
真誠地:sincerely→genuinely
2.句式拓展
簡單句變復合句
原句:Wrse still, t much time spent learning nline is likely t harm their physical and mental health.
拓展句:Wrse still, if they spend t much time learning nline, their physical and mental health is likely t be harmed.
【點睛】
【高分句型1】Persnally, well-meant as the curses are, sme students dn’t take them seriusly.(運用了讓步狀語從句的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu))
【高分句型2】Wrse still, t much time spent learning nline is likely t harm their physical and mental health.(運用了過去分詞作后置定語)
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