Part Ⅲ　單元語(yǔ)法——名詞性從句 學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．________ really matters is that she wore a pair of white shoes. 2．Go and get your coat. It's ________ you left it. 3．There're so many kinds of tape recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind ________ to buy. 4．What the doctors really doubt is ________ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. 5．________ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. 6．________ he said at the meeting is very important to us. 7．This is ________ he was often late for school. 8．We all know the truth ________ the earth moves around the sun. 9．________ I can't understand is ________ he changed his mind. 10．After five hours' drive, they reached ________ they thought was the place they'd been dreaming of. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．不要想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為每個(gè)人都努力學(xué)習(xí)。 Don't ________________ everyone studies hard. 2．無(wú)論誰(shuí)最后離開房間都要把燈關(guān)掉。 ______________________________ last is expected to turn off the lights. 3．讓人們激動(dòng)的是太陽(yáng)能船已完成了環(huán)游世界的旅行。 ________________ the solar ship had completed around-the-world trip. 4．遠(yuǎn)洋輪船能沿五大湖航行這個(gè)事實(shí)使姑娘們感到驚訝。 The girls were surprised ________________________ ocean ships can sail up the Great Lakes. 5．你無(wú)法想象當(dāng)他們收到這些漂亮的圣誕禮物時(shí)有多興奮。 You can't imagine __________________________ when they received these nice Christmas presents. 6．他建議我們?nèi)タ措娪啊?He suggested that ________________________________． 7．他昨天沒(méi)來(lái)上學(xué)的原因是他不得不在家照顧生病的母親。 The reason ________________________________ he had to look after his sick mother at home. 8．有消息稱將有更多的中學(xué)畢業(yè)生被大學(xué)錄取。 Information has been put forward ________________________________． 9．很久以前，人們也許更誠(chéng)實(shí)，那時(shí)的生活完全不同于今天的樣子。 People were perhaps more honest a long time ago when life was very different from ________________ today. 10．如今，醫(yī)生們正在盡最大努力減少人們對(duì)他們會(huì)受到這種叫作“禽流感”的疾病影響的恐懼。 Nowadays the doctors are trying their best to reduce the people's fear ________________________________． 1.主語(yǔ)從句 [合作探究] Whether the sports meet will be held is not certain now.運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)是否將舉行現(xiàn)在不能確定。 How the book will sell depends on its author.這本書銷售如何取決于作者本人。 Where we shall have the meeting makes no difference.我們?cè)谀膬洪_會(huì)都無(wú)所謂。 That she will do well in her exam is certain. ＝It is certain that she will do well in her exam.她在考試中會(huì)做得好，這是確定無(wú)疑的。 [要點(diǎn)歸納] (1)定義：在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句，包括主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。 (2)連詞 ·連接詞：that, whether, if (不作成分) ·連接代詞：what, who, whom, which, whichever, whatever, whoever(作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)) ·連接副詞：when, where, how, why (作狀語(yǔ)) (3)what與that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別 ·what在從句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。 ·that在從句中不充當(dāng)成分，也無(wú)具體意思，只起連詞符號(hào)作用，在賓語(yǔ)從句中常省略。 (4)it作形式主語(yǔ)的常見句型 ·It＋be＋形容詞(necessary/likely/important/certain等)＋that從句。 ·It＋be＋名詞(短語(yǔ))(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)＋that從句。 ·It＋be＋過(guò)去分詞(said/told/reported等)＋that從句。 ·It＋不及物動(dòng)詞(seem, appear, happen, matter等)＋that從句。 [即學(xué)即練]　單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子 ①The deadlines and ________ you need to apply depend on the program. ②________ I want to stress is ________ our group is looking for new members right now. ③________ I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the past. ④Every year, ________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. ⑤________ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. ⑥________ there are living creatures in the outer space as those on Earth hasn't been proved until now. ⑦_(dá)_______ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won't accept it. ⑧________________________________ (很明顯) the local government should take measures to protect the environment for the next generations. ⑨________________________________ (我想告訴你的) is the deep love I have for my parents. ⑩________________________________ (地球圍繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)) is known to us all. 主語(yǔ)從句要點(diǎn)： 1．連接詞：從屬連詞that, whether和if；連接代詞和連接副詞。 (1)從屬連詞有that, whether和if。that在句中不作成分，沒(méi)有實(shí)義，有時(shí)可省略，但在句首時(shí)不可省略。而whether, if雖然在句中不作成分，但都含有“是否”之義，不可省略。 (2)連接代詞：在句中起名詞的作用，作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等，一般表疑問(wèn)。who誰(shuí)，whom誰(shuí)(賓格)，whose誰(shuí)的， what什么，which哪一個(gè)，whoever究竟是誰(shuí)， whomever究竟是誰(shuí)(賓格), whosever究竟是誰(shuí)的， whatever究竟是什么， whichever究竟是哪一個(gè)。 (3)連接副詞：在句中起副詞的作用，作狀語(yǔ)。 when什么時(shí)候， where在哪里， why為什么， how如何， whenever究竟什么時(shí)候， wherever究竟在哪里， however究竟如何。 2．連接詞引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句 (1)that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句置于句首 That he will come to the meeting has excited every one of us. (2)形式主語(yǔ)it替代主語(yǔ)從句 It＋系動(dòng)詞＋形容詞/名詞/動(dòng)詞-ed＋that從句 It is likely that there will be a storm tomorrow. (3)if/whether引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句 Whether the work can be completed on time is doubtful. →It is doubtful whether/if the work can be completed on time. (4)wh-類連接詞引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句 When the new road is open to traffic has not been made clear. 2.賓語(yǔ)從句 [合作探究] Everyone knows that the earth is made up of matter. 每個(gè)人都知道地球是由物質(zhì)構(gòu)成的。 Is there anything wrong in/with what I said？我所說(shuō)的有錯(cuò)誤之處嗎？ These two areas are similar in that they both have high rainfall in summer. 這兩個(gè)地區(qū)相似，因?yàn)樵谙奶旖邓己芏唷?I'm not certain whether the train will arrive on time. 我不確信火車是否將會(huì)按時(shí)到達(dá)。 [要點(diǎn)歸納] (1)賓語(yǔ)從句一般跟在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后面作賓語(yǔ)，連詞和主語(yǔ)從句相同。 (2)it作形式賓語(yǔ)的常用句型 ·動(dòng)詞(find/feel/think/consider/make)＋it＋賓補(bǔ)(形容詞或名詞)＋不定式/從句 ·動(dòng)詞(hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoy)＋it＋從句 ·短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(see to/depend on/rely on)＋it＋從句 (3)賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài) 一般情況下，賓語(yǔ)從句須與主句的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，即當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句可根據(jù)具體情況選用合適的時(shí)態(tài)；當(dāng)主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句須用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。(從句內(nèi)容為真理或客觀事實(shí)時(shí)，須用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)) 易錯(cuò)提醒： (1)that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，?？墒÷裕莾H限第一個(gè)that賓語(yǔ)從句，后面并列的that不能省略。 (2)一般情況下介詞后只能用wh-類連接詞引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句連接詞表示“是否”時(shí)，用whether，不用if。 精彩例句：it作形式賓語(yǔ) (1)I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day. (2)I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. (3)I hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food. (4)Some students just take it for granted that they will pass the exams. [即學(xué)即練]　單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子 ①Kate heard a man's voice in the background, but she couldn't make out ________ he was saying. ②The policemen told them ________ Mr. Smith did and ________ the wallet was safe. ③Mrs. Taylor went around the shops, ordering ________ she thought was necessary. ④Can you tell me ________ or not he will come to our party? ⑤I really don't know ________ did it for me. ⑥He didn't tell me ________________________ (何時(shí)我們會(huì)重逢). ⑦It is difficult for us to imagine ________________________ (生活是什么樣子) for slaves in the ancient world. ⑧We should believe in what we do and ________________________ (我們是誰(shuí)) if we are to succeed. ⑨I'd appreciate it ________________________ (如果你愿意教我) how to use the computer. 易錯(cuò)提醒： 1．一般情況下介詞后只能用wh-類連接詞引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，但偶爾也有except后跟that賓語(yǔ)從句的情況。 2．形容詞的賓語(yǔ)從句。后跟賓語(yǔ)從句的形容詞有：sure, certain, glad, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied, sorry等。如：We are all pleased that we have once again overcome the difficulty. 3.表語(yǔ)從句 [合作探究] The question is whether we can finish the work in time. 問(wèn)題是我們是否能及時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作。 You look as if you slept badly.你看上去仿佛沒(méi)睡好覺。 The fact remains that we are still not advanced enough.事實(shí)依然是我們不夠先進(jìn)。 [要點(diǎn)歸納] (1)跟在系動(dòng)詞后面的從句被稱為表語(yǔ)從句。 (2)as if/as though“好像，仿佛”，引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，常跟在系動(dòng)詞seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel, smell等之后。若表語(yǔ)從句所述是不真實(shí)的情況，從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣；若所述是事實(shí)或極可能發(fā)生的情況，從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。 (3)because, why引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句  eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(This/That is why...這/那是……的原因。,This/That is because...這/那是因?yàn)椤?)  He failed. That is because he didn't work hard. 他失敗了，那是因?yàn)樗麤](méi)有努力工作。 [即學(xué)即練]　單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子(用上提示詞) ①And the other was ________ I wanted to help people in need. ②This is ________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best. ③The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust. ④As John Lennon once said, life is ________ happens to you while you are busy making other plans. ⑤________ surprised us most is ________ he spoke English so well. ⑥Lily swims three times a week after work. This is __________________. (how; fit) ⑦The only thing that impresses me is ______________________. (what; hometown) 易錯(cuò)提醒： (1)if不能引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。 (2)that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)不能省略。 名師提醒： what, when, where等連接詞在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)有兩種含義，一種是疑問(wèn)句，一種是陳述句。引導(dǎo)陳述句時(shí)相當(dāng)于the thing that, the time when, the place where，常譯為“……的人/事/話”“……的時(shí)間”“……的地點(diǎn)”等。如： ①This is where (＝the place where) we found the interest.這就是我們發(fā)現(xiàn)的興趣所在。(where引導(dǎo)陳述句) ②My topic today is what (＝the thing that) most scientists are researching.我今天的話題就是大多數(shù)科學(xué)家正在研究的課題。(what引導(dǎo)陳述句) ③I wonder where we are going to hold the meeting.我想知道我們打算在什么地方召開會(huì)議。(where表示疑問(wèn)，意為“何地”。) 4.同位語(yǔ)從句 [要點(diǎn)歸納] 同位語(yǔ)從句位于某些表示抽象概念的名詞后面，用來(lái)說(shuō)明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。 (1)常見名詞：advice, conclusion, doubt, fact, hope, idea, news, promise, question, suggestion, thought, truth, wish, word等。 (2)常用引導(dǎo)詞：that, whether, how, where, when, why等。 [即學(xué)即練]　單句語(yǔ)法填空 ①The notice came around two in the afternoon ________ the meeting would be put off. ②The news ________ we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. ③I have no idea ________ I can get to the railway station. ④My question ________ I shall get in touch with him has not been answered. ⑤We haven't solved the problem ________ we are going to spend our summer vacation this year. ⑥The news ________ we won the game pleased us all. 易錯(cuò)提醒： (1)that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分，但不能省略。 (2)that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，既起引導(dǎo)詞的作用，又在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)that常可以省略，先行詞指物時(shí)可用which替換。 Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空(課時(shí)知識(shí)與高考真題) 1．[2019·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷]While they are rare north of 88°， there is evidence ________ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. 2．[2019·北京卷]What students do at college seems to matter much more than ________ they go. 3．[2019·浙江卷]But if he's out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of ________ his team wins or loses. 4．[2019·天津卷]Kate heard a man's voice in the background, but she couldn't make out ________ he was saying. 5．[2019·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷]That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of ________ the same people keep coming back for more. 6．[2019·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷]Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief ________ the season comes to a close. 7．[2019·天津卷]I don't have to write down ________ happened or ________ technique the author was using when he or she wrote this. 8．[2019·天津卷]Then we will know ________ important it is to have meaning in our life. 9．[2019·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷]One was ________ I was amazed at the fact ________ a sick person could feel much better after seeing a doctor. 10．[2018·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷]She's been able to put a lot of ________ she's learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons. 11．[2017·北京卷]Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing ________ she was heading. 12．[2016·江蘇卷]It is often the case ________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope. 13．[重慶卷]We must find out ________ Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him. 14．[福建卷]Pick yourself up. Courage is doing ________ you're afraid to do. 15．[2019·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷]________ you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. 16．[2017·天津卷]She asked me ________ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted ________ I hadn't. 17．[四川卷]Today, I am going to talk about ________ you should do when a fire alarm goes off. 18．[2018·北京卷]Without his support, we wouldn't be ________ we are now. Ⅱ.短文語(yǔ)法填空 Imagine looking for your lost dog. You step into a cave. But instead of the dog, you find beautiful cave paintings. You see paintings of horses, deer, and bison 1.________ were drawn in black, brown, red and yellow. Your first question would probably be “Who did this？”． This is 2.________happened to four French boys in 1940. They found the Lascaux caves. The paintings 3.________ the boys discovered in those caves are about 17，000 years old. They were drawn by the ancient people called Cro-Magnon. Cro-Magnons looked much like people of today. They used tools, such 4.________ fishing nets. But their art was extremely good. The main cave at Lascaux is called Great Hall of Bulls, 5.________ has a picture of bulls and horses in many colours. The largest animal is 18 feet long. There are smaller animals, such as bison, stags and a bear. There is also a strange spotted two-horned (兩只角的) animal. To the left of the main cave 6.________ the most famous paintings 7.________ are the drawings of animals in many different colours. One painting is called LittleHorses. On the ceiling are horses and cows. The most unusual sight may be in TheShaftoftheDeadMan 8.________ there is a rhinoceros, a carefully drawn dead man, an injured bison and a bird. Why did Cro-Magnon artists do these beautiful drawings on cave walls? Did the drawings call upon some magic power? Did the Cro-Magnon people hope 9.________ the drawings would bring good luck? There is one thing 10.________ the paintings seem to tell us. The Cro-Magnons were interested in the world. They looked at beauty and they understood it. Part Ⅲ　單元語(yǔ)法——名詞性從句 雙基夯實(shí)·課前排查 Ⅰ. 1．What　2.where　3.which　4.whether　5.Whether　6.What　7.why　8.that　9.What　why　10.what Ⅱ. 1．take it for granted that 2．Whoever leaves the room 3．What made people excited was that 4．a(chǎn)t the fact that 5．how excited they were 6．we (should) go to the cinema 7．why he didn't come to school yesterday is that 8．that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities 9．what it is 10．that they would be affected by the present disease called “Bird Flu” 核心突破·要點(diǎn)講解 1．①what　②What　that?、踂hat?、躻hoever　⑤How?、轜hether?、遅here　⑧It is obvious that?、醀hat I want to tell you?、釺hat the earth goes round the sun 2．①what　②what　that?、踳hat?、躻hether　⑤who?、辸hen we would meet again?、遷hat life was like　⑧who we are?、醝f you would like to teach me 3．①that?、趙hat?、踭hat　④what?、軼hat　that?、辢ow she keeps fit　⑦what she says about the food in her hometown 4．①that?、趖hat?、踙ow　④how?、輜here?、辴hat 夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)·一遍落實(shí) Ⅰ. 1．that　2.where　3.whether　4.what　5.why　6.when　7.what　what　8.how 9．答案與解析：that　that　第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，第二個(gè)that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。句意：我很驚訝的一個(gè)事實(shí)是病人看完醫(yī)生就會(huì)感覺好多了。 10．答案與解析：what　what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：她已經(jīng)能夠把她所學(xué)到的很多東西在自己家里付諸實(shí)踐，為兒子們準(zhǔn)備飯菜。 11．答案與解析：where　where引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：簡(jiǎn)漫無(wú)目的地沿著綠樹成蔭的街道走著，不知道她要去哪里。 12．答案與解析：that　that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。句意：通常情況下，對(duì)那些抱著希望的人來(lái)說(shuō)，任何事情都是可能的。 13．答案與解析：when　when引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：我們必須查明卡爾何時(shí)來(lái)，這樣我們才能給他預(yù)訂房間。 14．答案與解析：what　what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：振作起來(lái)，勇氣就是做你害怕做的事。 15．答案與解析：What　what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中作need的賓語(yǔ)。句意：你需要的是一個(gè)讓你犯錯(cuò)的好老師。 16．答案與解析：whether　that　whether與that均引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：她問(wèn)我是否已經(jīng)把書還給圖書館了，我承認(rèn)我沒(méi)有。 17．答案與解析：what　what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：今天，我要講的是當(dāng)火警報(bào)警器響起時(shí)你應(yīng)該做什么。 18．答案與解析：where　where引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。句意：假如沒(méi)有他的支持，我們就不會(huì)取得現(xiàn)在的成就。 Ⅱ. 1．that　2.what　3.that　4.as　5.which　6.are　7.that　8.where 9．that　10.that 1.主語(yǔ)從句2.賓語(yǔ)從句3.表語(yǔ)從句4.同位語(yǔ)從句

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