Lk at the sentences frm the reading passage and answer the questins.
1 Why is 50 per cent singular in sentence(a) but plural in sentence(c)? Because in sentence(a),the part“50 per cent”is fllwed by the uncuntable nun“time”,while in sentence(c),the part“50 per cent”is fllwed by the cuntable nun“jb”in its plural frm. 2 What are the subjects in sentences(b)and(d)? Are they singular r plural? In sentence(b),the part“Every recmmendatin”is the subject. In sentence(d),the part“nne f us”is the subject. Bth are singular.
Subject-verb agreement(2)
Nw lk fr mre sentences fllwing this rule in the reading passage, and summarise the use f subject-verb agreement in yur wn wrds. Mre sentences fllwing this rule: · The technlgy yu’re using and enjying tday is a basic frm f AI... · Nearly every jb is ptentially at risk in the lng run. · I believe mst f the value f AI lies in its capacity t analyse and interpret vast amunts f data... The use f subject-verb agreement: When a percentage mdifies the plural frm f a cuntable nun,the verb shuld als be used in the plural frm. When a percentage mdifies an uncuntable nun,the verb is singular.
Nwadays,sme cmpanies ffer genetic testing fr children’s talents. A large number f clients have/has been attracted t it. They are parents,eager t knw what talents their children may have in the future. The prcess is simple. Every child prvide/prvides a small sample f bld r bdy tissue. This is/These are analysed. Each f the children is/are given a reprt shwing their pssible talents. A recent example cited n the website is that ne f the testing cmpanies cmpare/ cmpares the talents f twins Bbby and Benny. Bbby was assessed and his talents was/were revealedt be mstly scientific:a 66% chance f success in chemistry and 54% in physics was/were shwn. Meanwhile,Benny’s highest scre was/were shwn t be in an arts subject:the test gave him 68% fr literary studies. Is genetic testing reliable? Sme scientists say that mre evidence is/are needed.
Cmplete the passage by chsing the singular r plural frm.
Cmplete the descriptin accrding t the charts,paying attentin t subject-verb agreement.
FUTURE Last week,we asked yu t design yur ideal planet fr peple n Earth t live n in the 22nd century. We have received ver 500 entries and have been amazed by yur imaginatins! Here’s ne f the designs.
Three quarters f the surface is made up f land,while the rest is sea,cvering 25% f the surface. Half f the land is cvered with trees. Residential area and arable land bth accunt fr the same prprtin,20% f the ttal land. The rest is desert, cvering 10% f the ttal land. There are three kinds f peple. Fifty per cent f the peple are riginal residents,30% are frm Earth and 20% are frm ther planets.
Describe anther planet fr the future,paying attentin t subject-verb
In the thirtieth century,peple will leave Earth t live n anther planet. There are n seasns there. T make sure there is enugh xygen, humans will live under a huge glass canpy. Humans get 90 per cent f their nutritin frm prcessed pills, because mst f the surface f the planet is cvered by rck and plants can’t grw there.
1 語(yǔ)法一致原則語(yǔ)法一致原則是指主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在語(yǔ)法形式上保持一致。通常情況下,主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)形式;主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。( 1)不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Knwledge is pwer. 知識(shí)就是力量。The student studies very hard. 這個(gè)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)非常努力。The students study very hard. 這些學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)非常努力。
(2)單個(gè)的不定式(短語(yǔ))、動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ))或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。T see is t believe. 眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。Staring at smene is implite. 盯著人看是不禮貌的。What he said has been recrded. 他說(shuō)的話已被錄音?!緦W(xué)法點(diǎn)撥】當(dāng) what 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句表示復(fù)數(shù)概念時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。What we badly need are gd teachers. 我們急需的是好老師。( 3)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面接 with,tgether with,alng with,like,in additin t,as well as,including,rather than,besides,except,but 等連接的詞語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)保持一致。Steve,tgether with his wife,is mving ff tnight.史蒂夫和妻子將于今晚出發(fā)。
( 4)不定代詞 each,either,neither 及由 sme-,any-,n-,every- 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Believe it r nt,everyne here has a gift fr music.信不信由你,這里人人有音樂(lè)天賦?!緦W(xué)法點(diǎn)撥】“either/neither f + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞/ 代詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式,但在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中也可以用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Either f the stries is/are entertaining.這兩個(gè) 故事中的任何一個(gè)都很有趣。( 5)由 (each)...,(every)...,(n)...,many many a... 連接的兩個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Each teacher and(each)student was given a ticket.給了每一位老師和學(xué)生一張票。
( 6)“many a/mre than ne + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù),但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。Many a student was n the spt when the accident happened.事故發(fā)生時(shí),許多學(xué)生在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。( 7)“ne and a half + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但如果中心詞是表示金錢(qián)、距離、時(shí)間等的詞,常被看作是一個(gè)整體,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞習(xí)慣上用單數(shù)形式。One and a half apples are left n the table. 桌子上留下了一個(gè)半蘋(píng)果。One and a half hurs is enugh fr me t finish the sculpture.對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō),一個(gè)半小時(shí)足夠完成這尊雕塑。
(8)“ne f + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。One f the students in ur class is a Canadian.我們班里有一名學(xué)生是加拿大人?!菊`區(qū)警示】在“ne f + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) + 定語(yǔ)從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中,定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。當(dāng) ne 前面出現(xiàn) the nly,the very 等修飾語(yǔ)時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。He is ne f the students wh have a gift fr music.他是有音樂(lè)天賦的學(xué)生之一。He is the nly ne f the students wh has a gift fr music.他是唯一一個(gè)有音樂(lè)天賦的學(xué)生。
( 9)一些形式為復(fù)數(shù)但表達(dá)單數(shù)意義的名詞如 trusers,pants,shes,glasses,scissrs 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但當(dāng)這類(lèi)名詞前有 pair 修飾時(shí),要根據(jù)pair 的單復(fù)數(shù)來(lái)確定謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。Her glasses are new. 她的眼鏡是新的。This pair f scissrs belngs t the tailr. 這把剪刀是這個(gè)裁縫的。(10)在倒裝句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與其后的主語(yǔ)保持一致。Between the tw buildings is a mnument.兩座建筑物之間矗立著一座紀(jì)念碑。
單句語(yǔ)法填空(1)[ 詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)]She ______________(be) an utstanding architect.(2)[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)]We all ______________(hate) vilence.(3)The prfessr ______________(be) ften invited t many universities t deliver lectures.(4)[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)]The members ______________(be)ging t attend the memrial service t be held at the lcal church.(5)Wrking n this prject ______________(be)challenging,but they are nt afraid.(6)T adpt his suggestin ______________(be) a wise chice.(7)Whether he cmes r nt ______________(be)f n matter.(8)She,alng with the ther students,______________(have) learned hw t type.
(9)Our schl,rather than their schls,______________(build) in the 1950s.(10)The teacher as well as the students ______________(like) this painting.(11)Anyne here ______________(attend) the meeting every mnth.(12)Neither f them ______________(be) interested in the cmedy.(13)Many a by and many a girl ______________(have) seen this painting.(14)At that time,everything was silent. N sund and n vice ______________(be) heard.(15)The final exam is appraching. Every hur and every minute ______________(be) imprtant fr us.(16)Mre than ne persn ______________(be)against the prpsal.
(17)One and a half years ______________(have)passed befre I knw it.(18)One f the biggest challenges ______________(be) finding a high-quality,lw-cst manufacturer.(19)He is ne f the teachers wh ______________(have) been t Eurpe.(20)He is the nly ne f the teachers wh______________(have) been t Eurpe.(21)My scissrs,f gd quality,______________(be)made f steel.(22)This pair f grey trusers,my favrite,______________(buy) last week.(23)As usual,after the exam ______________(be)the time fr rest,when students are very happy.(24)As everyne knws,in the huse by the river______________(live) a wealthy farmer.
完成句子(25)Whether he will cut dwn his nvel ______________(是未知的).(26)He wrte many children’s bks,nearly half f which ____________________________   ?。ㄔ?0 世紀(jì)90 年代出版).
were published in the 1990s
2 就近一致原則就近一致原則是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)與最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。( 1)由 r,,,nt (als)..., 等連接的兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)與最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。Either my sisters r my mther is cming.不是我的姐妹們就是我的媽媽要來(lái)。(2)there be 句型中,be 動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與最靠近它的名詞保持一致。There is a table and fur chairs in the rm.房間里有一張桌子和四把椅子。
單句語(yǔ)法填空(1)Neither the students nr the teacher __________(knw) the reasn why she behaved strangely.(2)Nt nly I but als he __________ (lk)dwn upn thse wh always rely n thers.(3)Nt nly the students but als the teacher __________ (be) active in sprts.(4)There __________ (be) a bk,tw pens and three pencils n the desk.

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Unit 4 A glimpse of the future

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