高中外研版 (2019)Unit 4 A glimpse of the future獲獎?wù)n件ppt-課件下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

定義謂語動詞的數(shù)必須和主語的人稱和數(shù)一致,這就叫主謂一致。
原則：語法一致，意義一致，就近一致原則
意義一致謂語的一致不是根據(jù)其外部語法形態(tài)來決定，而是取決于主語所表達的內(nèi)在含義。主語形式雖為單數(shù)，但在意義上卻為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞應(yīng)采取復(fù)數(shù)形式；主語形式雖為復(fù)數(shù)，但在意義上視為單數(shù)，謂語動詞應(yīng)采取單數(shù)形式。例如：The crwd were fighting fr their lives.這些人正為生存而戰(zhàn)斗。Three years in a strange land seems like a lng time. 在異鄉(xiāng)生活的三年，仿佛是很長的時間。
1.當表示時間，金錢，體積，重量，面積，距離，價格、度量等的名詞作主語時若其意義指“總量”應(yīng)看作單數(shù)，謂語用單數(shù)；但若其意義指“有多少數(shù)量”，則應(yīng)該看作復(fù)數(shù)，那么謂語動詞也應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)。 Ten years is quite a lng time.Fur weeks are ften apprximately regarded as ne mnth.
2.當“the+形容詞（過去分詞）”指一類人作主語時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。指個人或抽象概念時，謂語用單數(shù)。指一類事物時謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)。The rich live a happy life, while the pr live a hard life. The wunded is ur captain. The disabled are well taken care f in this cuntry. The unknwn is what interests me.
3.當某些以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱physics(物理學(xué))、mathematics(數(shù)學(xué))、mechanics(機械學(xué))、plitics(政治學(xué))、statistics(統(tǒng)計學(xué))、ecnmics(經(jīng)濟學(xué))、linguistics(語言學(xué)）athletics(體育學(xué))等學(xué)科名詞作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)。 Maths is difficult t learn.Physics is nt easy t understand.4.用作書名、劇名、報名、國名、地區(qū)名稱的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)。 The Arabian Nights is a very interesting bk. The United States is a develped cuntry. 特殊：由山脈、群島、瀑布、運動會等s 結(jié)尾的專有名詞作主語謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。The Olympic Games are held nce every fur years. The Himalayas（喜馬拉雅山脈) have a magnificent variety f plant and animal life.
5.如果名詞詞組的中心詞是all, mst, half, rest, part等詞語，表示的是復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，反之用單數(shù)。 All f the rubbish was cleared away. All f the classmates have passed the examinatin.Mst f the wrkers have gne hme fr a hliday.
6.集體名詞作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)取決于主語表示的意思和數(shù)，當表示整體時候，謂語動詞就用單數(shù)；當強調(diào)集體中的個體時候，謂語動詞就用復(fù)數(shù)。這些集體名詞如：army, audience, band, gvernment, grup, public, team, trp, crwd, firm, family等等The family is the basic unit f ur sciety. The family were watching the TV. The audience was enrmus. The audience were greatly mved at the wrds. Class 3 are unable t agree n the plan. His family has just mved t Beijing.
7.有的名詞如plice, peple, clthes, public, cattle等沒有單數(shù)形式，作主語時，謂語只能用復(fù)數(shù)，而有的名詞則是單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)相同，如sheep, deer, aircraft, means, fish, wrks,species,等，作主語時，就必須根據(jù)意思來確定其謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Shrtly after the accident, the plice were sent t keep rder. The Chinese peple are brave and hardwrking. The cattle are grazing in the sunshine. Every means has been tried.All pssible means have been tried.
三、就近一致:謂語動詞根據(jù)它前面最鄰近的名詞或代詞或其他詞的數(shù)的形式，來決定其自身的數(shù)的形式。1.連詞r, either…r, nt…but, neither…nr, nt nly…but als, whether…r等連詞并列作主語時，謂語與它最靠近的主語一致。 Either yu r I am ging t answer his questin. Nt nly he but als his friends have been t New Yrk. 2.在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果主語不只是一個，謂語通常和鄰近的主語一致。 There is a desk and three chairs in the rm. There are three chairs and a desk in the rm.
（1）Nt nly his children but als he himself _____(want) t g there.（2） Either my wife r I _________(be) ging t wrk there. (3)Either I r they______ (be) respnsible fr the result f the matter. (4)Here ______(be) a pen, a few envelpes and sme paper in the drawer.