第一講 句子成分一、主語、謂語溫故——考一考說出下列句子中畫線部分的句子成分1.①Class ②begins at eight.答案:①主語?、谥^語2.①The_teachers ②are_having a meeting.答案:①主語 ②謂語3.At five o'clock, ①they ②left.答案:①主語?、谥^語4.①Put_up your hand if you ②have any questions.答案:①謂語?、谥^語5.①Smoking ②does harm to your health.答案:①主語?、谥^語6.There ①is ②a_pen on the desk.答案:①謂語?、谥髡Z7.①Who ②teaches you maths, Xiao Hua?答案:①主語 ②謂語8.①This_story ②happened in London.答案:①主語?、谥^語9.①The_rich ②should_help the poor.答案:①主語 ②謂語10.This weekend, ①some_of_us ②are_going_to_have a picnic with the teachers.答案:①主語?、谥^語知新——講一講組成句子的各個部分叫句子成分。根據(jù)各個部分在句子中所起的作用分別稱為主語、謂語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語和補語。其中主語和謂語是句子的主體。1.主語(Subject):主語是句子的主體部分,是說明的對象,是動作的執(zhí)行者或發(fā)出者。主語通常由名詞、代詞等充當(主語有時是動作的承受者,這時謂語應用被動語態(tài))。例如:The students are listening to me carefully.學生們在認真聽我講課。They want to learn English well.他們想學好英語。2.謂語(Predicate):謂語用來表示主語的狀態(tài)或行為動作。(1)簡單謂語:由一個動詞或動詞短語構成,不管是什么時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣。例如:He practises running every morning.他每天早上練習跑步。Don't play in the street.不要在街上玩。He is doing his homework now.他現(xiàn)在正在做家庭作業(yè)。(2)復合謂語:①由情態(tài)動詞或某些其他助動詞加不帶to的動詞不定式構成。例如:You may keep the book for two weeks.這本書你可以借兩周。He had to stay at home.他不得不待在家里。②由系動詞加表語構成。例如:We are students.我們是學生。溫故知新——練一練Ⅰ.指出下列句子中的主語和謂語(畫線部分)1.①He ②has_become more and more interested in English.答案:①主語?、谥^語2.①The_living ②should_go_on_with his work.答案:①主語?、谥^語3.①He ②practises speaking English every morning.答案:①主語?、谥^語4.①The_child ②has_been_brought_up by his grandmother.答案:①主語?、谥^語5.①To_see ②is_to_believe.答案:①主語?、谥^語6.①It ②is_necessary ③to_help_him_out.答案:①形式主語?、谥^語 ③真正主語7.①He ②looked_after the children carefully.答案:①主語?、谥^語8.①Four_plus_four ②is_eight.答案:①主語?、谥^語9.①He ②can_speak English very well.答案:①主語 ②謂語10.①Playing_football in the street ②is_dangerous.答案:①主語?、谥^語Ⅱ.漢譯英1.他昨天下午到達海南。答案:Yesterday afternoon he reached Hainan.2.我們經(jīng)常在課堂上說英語。答案:We often speak English in class.3.掌握一門外語是有必要的。答案:It is necessary to master a foreign language.4.張教授是著名的科學家。答案:Professor Zhang is a famous scientist.5.我們打算今晚去拜訪他。答案:We are going to call on him tonight.二、賓語、表語溫故——考一考說出下列句子中畫線部分的句子成分1.They visited an_exhibition yesterday.答案:賓語2.The heavy rain prevented ①me from ②arriving_at_school_on_time.答案:①賓語?、谫e語3.How many ①dictionaries do you have? I have ②five.答案:①賓語 ②賓語4.I enjoy listening_to_pop_music.答案:賓語5.She looks unhappy today.答案:表語6.He often went hungry in the past.答案:表語7.His job is to_teach_English.答案:表語8.Time is ①up. The class is ②over.答案:①表語?、诒碚Z9.He remained in_poor_health all those years.答案:表語10.These apples taste sweet.答案:表語知新——講一講1.賓語(Object):賓語表示動作的對象或承受者,一般位于及物動詞(短語)或介詞后面。例如:He is going to buy a dictionary.(動詞的賓語)他打算買本詞典。We should learn from him.我們應向他學習。(介詞的賓語)賓語種類:(1)雙賓語:間接賓語+直接賓語,間接賓語一般指人,直接賓語一般指物。例如:Lend meyour dictionary, please.請把你的詞典借給我用一用。(2)復合賓語:賓語+賓補。例如:He asked meto come.他請我來的。2.表語(Predicative):表語用以說明主語的身份、特征或狀態(tài),它一般位于系動詞(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、動詞的-ing形式、不定式、介詞短語、副詞及從句充當。例如:Is it yours?那是你的嗎?The books are interesting.這些書很有趣。I wasn't at home last night.昨晚我沒在家。The weather has turned cold.天氣已變冷。溫故知新——練一練Ⅰ.指出下列句子中的賓語和表語(畫線部分)1.His job is to_train_swimmers.答案:表語2.He seems interested in the plan.答案:表語3.He handed ①me ②the_newspaper.答案:①間接賓語?、谥苯淤e語4.The war was over.答案:表語5.The window is broken.答案:表語Ⅱ.漢譯英1.我的愛好是畫畫。答案:My hobby is painting.2.他好像知道真相。答案:He seems to know the truth.3.他不喜歡這項工作。答案:He doesn't like the job.4.我給你買了一些巧克力。答案:I have bought you some chocolate.5.這工廠60%的工人是年輕人。答案:60% of the workers in this factory are young.三、定語、狀語、補語溫故——考一考說出下列句子中畫線部分的句子成分1.China is a ①developing country, while America is a ②developed country.答案:①定語 ②定語2.He is reading an article about_how_to_learn_English.答案:定語3.The boy ①who_is_shouting_there is ②her brother.答案:①定語?、诙ㄕZ4.Light travels most_quickly.答案:狀語5.He has lived in the city for_ten_years.答案:狀語6.He goes to school by_bus.答案:狀語7.①In_order_to_catch_up_with_the_others,_I must work ②harder.答案:①狀語?、跔钫Z8.Don't leave the window open.答案:賓補9.I heard him go_out.答案:賓補10.His father named him Dong_Ming.答案:賓補知新——講一講1.定語:(Attribute):定語起修飾限制名詞或代詞的作用。一般由形容詞性物主代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、分詞(短語)或句子充當。例如:Dalian is a beautiful city.大連是一個美麗的城市。The girl with glasses is diligent.戴眼鏡的女孩很勤奮。The man standing there is our teacher.站在那里的那人是我們的老師。Is there any difference between spoken English and written English?英語口語和書面語之間有什么不同嗎?I have a lot of homework to do.我有許多作業(yè)要做。2.狀語(Adverbial):狀語用于修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子,說明動作或狀態(tài)特征??杀硎緯r間、地點、原因、目的、結果、方式、伴隨、條件、程度、讓步、頻率等,一般由副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式,動詞的-ing形式或從句充當。例如:I'm very pleased to see you.見到你我非常高興。I'll be back in a while.我一會兒就回來。We go home twice a month.我們每月回家兩次。Being fat, he can't walk long.因為身體很胖,他走不了多遠。He works hard every day to pass the exam.為了通過考試,他天天刻苦學習。3.賓語補足語(Object Complement):用來對賓語作補充說明,可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞或介詞短語等充當。例如:They painted their boat white.他們把船涂成白色。Let the fresh air in.讓新鮮空氣進來。You mustn't force him to lend his money to you.你絕不可強迫他借錢給你。We saw her entering the room.我們見她進入房間。We found everything in the lab in good order.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)實驗室里的東西都井然有序。溫故知新——練一練Ⅰ.指出下列句子中畫線部分的句子成分1.He is a lovely boy.答案:定語2.There are ①many women teachers in ②our school.答案:①定語?、诙ㄕZ3.①Our monitor is always the first ②to_enter_the_classroom.答案:①定語?、诙ㄕZ4.He is playing ①there ②happily.答案:①狀語?、跔钫Z5.I shall go ①there ②if_it_doesn't_rain.答案:①狀語?、跔钫Z6.The story happened in_Beijing.答案:狀語7.He was so tired that_he_fell_asleep_immediately.答案:狀語8.His coming late made his teacher unhappy.答案:賓補9.Please keep the dog out.答案:賓補10.When he woke up, he found himself under_the_bed.答案:賓補Ⅱ.漢譯英1.我父母都是教師。答案:My parents are both teachers.2.你為什么不買那個紅色的呢?答案:Why don't you buy the red one?3.我兩周沒回家了。答案:I haven't been home for two weeks.4.放學后,他發(fā)現(xiàn)他媽媽在校門口等著他。答案:After school, he found his mother waiting for him at the school gate.5.小明通常步行去上學。答案:Xiao Ming usually goes to school on foot.