Welcome Unit語法 句子成分和基本句型第01練 句子成分和基本句型句子成分和基本句型的概念:1. 句子的成分包括:主語、謂語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、賓語補足語和同位語。(1) 主語:名詞、代詞主格、數(shù)詞、動詞不定式、動名詞等如:I have a stomachache. 我胃痛。(2) 謂語:動詞,一般位于主語之后如:He put the book on the table.他把書放在桌上。(3)賓語:名詞、代詞賓格、數(shù)詞、動詞不定式、動名詞等如:I lost my school ID card.我丟了校園卡。(4)表語:在連系動詞之后的形容詞、名詞、代詞、動詞不定式、介詞短語等如:My keys are in my schoolbag.我的鑰匙在書包里。(5)定語:形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、動名詞不定式、介詞短語等如:The white model plane is hers. 白色的飛機模型是她的。(6)狀語:副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、分詞和分詞短語等如:Sports star eats well.運動明星吃得很好。(7)賓語補足語:形容詞、名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、動詞不定式、分詞等如:The loud music makes me nervous.吵鬧的音樂使我很緊張。(8)同位語:名詞、數(shù)詞、代詞或從句如:Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us.我們的新老師史密斯先生對我們很好。(9)連系動詞的種類:① be動詞類:am,is,are,was,were② 表示變化類:become,get,turn③ 感官動詞類:look,sound,smell,taste,feel④ 表示延續(xù)性的動詞 :remain,stay,keep2. 簡單句的五種基本句型英語句子按照結(jié)構(gòu)來分,可以分為簡單句,并列句和復(fù)合句。簡單句是含有一個主語(或并列主語)和一個謂語(或并列謂語)的句子。簡單句有五種基本句型。句子結(jié)構(gòu)例句主語+謂語(S+V)The boy smiles主語+謂語+賓語(S+V+O)I suggested taking a walk.主語+連系動詞+表語(S+V+P)The story sounds interesting.主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語(S+V+IO+DO) Timmy passed me a present.主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語(S+V+O+OC)He found maths easy.一、單項選擇1.What is the sentence pattern(句型)of the sentence “I had my first English class at senior high school.”?A.S V O AB.S V OC.S V IO DOD.S V O C2.What is the sentence pattern (句型) of the sentence “He told us a funny story.”?A.S V AB.S V OC.S V IO DOD.S V O A3.What is the sentence pattern(句型) of the sentence “I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful”?A.S V AB.S V OC.S V IO DOD.S V O C4.Features are written in an individual style, with extra detail and background.A.狀語B.賓語補足語C.主語D.定語5.請看句子判斷劃線部分屬于哪種句型:Mr. Green will give us a speech on how to learn English well.A.S+V+O+AB.S+V+OC.S+V+O+CD.S+V+IO+DO6.Going from junior high school to senior high school is a really big challenge.A.SVPB.SVOC.SPD.SVOC7.He found his new job challenging. (判斷句子結(jié)構(gòu)類型)A.S+VB.S+V+OC.S+V+IO+DCD.S+V+O+C8.Which of the following sentence follows the structure of “SVP”?A.The school adviser helped me choose suitable subjects.B.At university, Mr. Wang used to teach himself Japanese.C.His goal is to look after homeless children in poverty-stricken areas.D.He is looking sadly at his broken car.9.What is the basic structure of the underlined sentence below?Going from junior high school to senior high school is a really big challenge.A.S V OB.S V IO DOC.S V O CD.S P10.“The news makes me feel very happy.”這個句子的結(jié)構(gòu)是“________”.A.S+V+OB.S + V + IO + DOC.S + V + PD.S + V + O + OC11.What is the basic structure of the underlined sentence below?Going from junior high school to senior high school is a really big challenge(S=subject, V=verb, O=object, DO=direct object, IO=indirect object, C=complement. P=predicative)A.SVOB.SVIODOC.SVOCD.SP12.What’s the sentence structure of “The news makes me feel very happy.“?A.S+V+OB.S+V+PC.S+V+O+OCD.S+V+I0+DO13.Which of the following four sentences is SVOC (主-謂-賓-補) pattern?A.For him, that dream has come true!B.The teacher was kind and friendly.C.I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.D.There’s a lot to explore at senior high.14.Which part is AdvP in the following two sentences?[A]My first French class was [B]very confusing. [C]The teacher spoke [D]so fast!A.AB.BC.CD.D15.Peopleall over the worldspeakEnglish.(挑出句中賓語)A.PeopleB.all over the worldC.speakD.English16.The sun rises in the east as usual.(挑出句中謂語)A.The sunB.risesC.in the eastD.as usual17.Theymadehimmonitor of the class.(挑出句中賓語補足語)A.TheyB.madeC.himD.monitor18.You should register before Friday.A.主語B.狀語C.謂語D.賓補19.The girl was reading a story in a low voice.A.賓補B.謂語C.間接賓語D.表語20.Lily’s mother bought her a pet dog as a birthday present.A.賓補B.直接賓語C.間接賓語D.表語21.Now I know that the proper way is always her way.A.賓語B.賓補C.表語D.定語22.Reading outside school is necessary and important in learning English.A.主語B.賓語C.謂語D.表語23.Choose the correct sentence structure for “She found the task challenging.”A.SV--IO--DOB.SVOAC.SVOCD.SVO24.The little boy bought his mother a gift on Mother’s day.A.SVIODOB.SPC.SVOD.SVA25.Her face turned red.A.SVB.SVIODOC.SPD.SVO26.Please leave the lights on when you walk out of the room. What sentence element does the underlined part serve as?A.adverbial (狀語)B.complement (補語)C.attributive (定語)D.appositive (同位語)27.I enjoyed the evening when we stayed together by the sea. What sentence element (句子成分) does the underlined part serve as?A.adverbial (狀語)B.complement (補語)C.attributive (定語)D.appositive (同位語)28.The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas.主句中的主語是:________。A.the four countriesB.the United KingdomC.Some areasD.belong to29.Born in the USA, Whitacre began studying music at the University of Nevada. 句子中的謂語動詞是________。A.BornB.beganC.WhitacreD.studying30.Zhang Lei knows the destination quite well. 劃線部分是什么短語?在句子中做什么成分?A.AdjP, 定語B.AdjP, 狀語C.AdvP, 狀語D.AdvP, 定語二、指出劃線部分在句中充當?shù)木渥映煞帧?/span>指出劃線部分在句中充當?shù)木渥映煞帧?/span>31.He asked me to come to school very early.32.There are a lot of trees on both sides of the road.33.He must be at home now.34.He wanted to buy some more bananas.35.The boy on the bike is my little son.36.You must leave at the moment.37.Eating too much is bad for health.38.After running, he felt tried.39.I found it difficult to learn English.40.In the 1960s, few children had the chance to receive a good education.判斷以下句子類型41.In other words, we are the master of our own future.42.Friends made my life full of excitement.43.The sun was shining.44.The boss made him do the work day and night.45.This morning our teacher told us something about the Hope Project in class.46.An old man was walking slowly and carefully.47.Farmers in our area grow lots of vegetables.48.There are ten boys in the classroom. 參考答案:1.A【詳解】考查句子類型。句意:我在高中上了我的第一堂英語課。此處主語I;had為謂語;my first English class為賓語,at senior high school作地點狀語,屬于主謂賓狀結(jié)構(gòu),故選A。2.C【詳解】考查基本句型。句意:“他給我們講了一個有趣的故事”這個句子的句型是什么?根據(jù)句意及句子分析可知,He是主語S,told是謂語動詞V,us是間接賓語IO,a funny story是直接賓語DO。故選C。3.D【詳解】考查句子分析,句型結(jié)構(gòu)。句意:“我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的大多數(shù)同學(xué)和老師都很友好,樂于助人”這句話的句式是什么?A. S V A主謂狀;B. S V O主謂賓;C. S V IO DO主謂賓賓;D. S V O C主謂賓補。代詞I是主語;動詞found是謂語;名詞短語most of my classmates and teachers是賓語;并列形容詞friendly and helpful是補足語。故選D項。4.A【詳解】考查介詞短語作狀語。句意:特寫是以獨立的風(fēng)格編寫,帶有額外的細節(jié)和背景。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知,with extra detail and background是介詞短語,主句是被動句,成分齊全,句意完整,因此是介詞短語作狀語。故選A。5.D【詳解】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。句意:格林先生將就如何學(xué)好英語給我們做一個報告。根據(jù)句意及句子分析可知,劃線部分的結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語”。主語是Mr. Green,動詞是will give,直接賓語是a speech,間接賓語是us。故選D。6.A【詳解】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。句意:從初中到高中的確是一種大的挑戰(zhàn)。此處主語為Going from junior high school to senior high school,is為be動詞,為表語 a really big challenge,為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。故選A。7.D【詳解】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)類型。句意:他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的新工作很有挑戰(zhàn)性。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,該句為主謂賓賓補結(jié)構(gòu)。主語為He;謂語為found;賓語為his new job;賓語補足語為challenging。故選D項。8.C【詳解】考查句子成分。題干意為:下面哪個句子為主系表的結(jié)構(gòu)。分析4個選項可知,C選項為主系表,主語是His goal,謂語是be動詞is,be動詞屬于系動詞,表語是不定式to look after homeless children,A選項主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)、B選項為主謂+雙賓結(jié)構(gòu),D選項也為主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)。故選C。9.D【詳解】考查句子成分分析。句意:從初中升入高中是一個很大的挑戰(zhàn)。分析可知,“Going from junior high school to senior high school”是動名詞作主語,“a really big challenge”是表語,因此句子結(jié)構(gòu)是SP,故選D。10.D【詳解】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。句意:這個消息讓我感到非常高興。分析句子可知,“The news”在句中作主語,“makes”在句中作謂語,“me”在句中作賓語,“feel very happy”在句中作賓語補足語,故這個句子的結(jié)構(gòu)是“S + V + O + OC”。故選D項。11.D【詳解】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。句意:從初中升入高中是一個很大的挑戰(zhàn)。分析可知,Going from junior high school to senior high school作主語,is是系動詞,a really big challenge是表語,故該句是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。故選D。12.C【詳解】考查句子成分。句意:這個消息使我感到非常高興。分析句子,the news為句子的主語,makes為句子的謂語,me為賓語,feel happy為賓補,選項C符合題意,故選C。13.C【詳解】考查主-謂-賓-補句型結(jié)構(gòu)。選項A“For him, that dream has come true!(對他而言,那個夢想已經(jīng)實現(xiàn)!)”是主-謂的結(jié)構(gòu);選項B“The teacher was kind and friendly.(這個老師友好善良。)”是主-系-表的結(jié)構(gòu);選項C“I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.(我發(fā)現(xiàn)我大多數(shù)同學(xué)和老師友好且樂于助人。)”是主-謂-賓-補的結(jié)構(gòu);選項D“There’s a lot to explore at senior high.(高中有需要要探索的地方。)”是there be句型。故選C項。14.D【詳解】考查副詞短語。下面兩句話中哪一部分是副詞短語?句意:我的第一堂法語課非常混亂。老師說得太快了!題目中A部分和C部分為名詞短語,B部分為形容詞短語,D部分為副詞短語。故選D。15.D【詳解】考查句子成分分析。句意:全世界的人都說英語。本句為簡單句,其中主語為people,謂語為speak,賓語為English,狀語為all over the world。故選D。16.B【詳解】考查句子成分。句意:太陽照常從東方升起。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,句子主語是The sun,謂語是rises,狀語是in the east as usual,故選B。17.D【詳解】考查句子成分分析。句意:他們選他為這個班的班長。分析句子可知,they為句子的主語,made為句子的謂語,him為賓語,monitor為句子賓語補足語,故選D。18.B【詳解】考查句子成分。句意:你應(yīng)該在周五前注冊。You是主語,should register是謂語動詞,before Friday是時間狀語。故選B。19.B【詳解】考查句子成分。句意:這個女孩正在小聲讀故事。The girl是主語,was reading是謂語動詞,為過去進行時,a story是賓語,in a low voice是狀語。故選B。20.C【詳解】考查句子成分。句意:莉莉的媽媽給她買了一條寵物狗作為生日禮物。buy sb. sth.“給某人買某物”,sb.是間接賓語,sth.是直接賓語,因此句中her是間接賓語。故選C。21.C【詳解】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。分析句子可知,句子是含有that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的復(fù)合句,賓語從句是主系表結(jié)構(gòu),her way位于is后,在從句中作表語。故選C。22.A【詳解】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。分析句子可知,句子是主系表結(jié)構(gòu),Reading outside school是動名詞短語作主語,故選A。23.C【詳解】考查基本句型。句意:她發(fā)現(xiàn)任務(wù)具有挑戰(zhàn)性。A. SV--IO--DO主謂+間賓+直賓;B. SVOA主謂賓狀 ;C. SVOC主謂賓補;D. SVO主謂賓。分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此句為“find+賓語+賓補”的結(jié)構(gòu),其中賓語為the task,賓補為challenging。故選C。24.A【詳解】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。句意:小男孩在母親節(jié)給媽媽買了一個禮物。The little boy作主語(S),bought作謂語(V), his mother作間接賓語(IO),a gift作直接賓語(DO),on Mother’s day作時間狀語,因此該句為SVIODO結(jié)構(gòu)。故選A。25.C【詳解】考查基本句型。A.SV主謂;B.SVIODO主謂直賓間賓;C.SP主系表;D.SVO主謂賓。her face為句子的主語,turn為系動詞,red為形容詞在句中充當表語,故此句型為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。故選C。26.B【詳解】考查句子成分。句意:你走出房間時,請把燈開著。分析句子可知,這是一個祈使句,是“l(fā)eave+賓語+賓語補足語”結(jié)構(gòu),leave是謂語動詞,“the lights”是名詞作賓語,“on”是副詞,在句中作賓語補足語,表示賓語的狀態(tài),when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。故選B項。27.C【詳解】考查句子成分。句意:我很喜歡我們一起在海邊度過的那個夜晚。劃線部分是什么句子成分?根據(jù)句意及所給句子可知,when we stayed together by the sea是定語從句,修飾先行詞evening。故選C。28.A【詳解】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。句意:這四個屬于英國的國家在某些領(lǐng)域合作。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,句子的主語為The four countries ,that belong to the United Kingdom 為定語從句,修飾名詞The four countries,work together為謂語動詞,in some areas為地點狀語。故選A。29.B【詳解】考查句子成分。句意:出生在美國,惠特克內(nèi)華達大學(xué)開始學(xué)習(xí)音樂。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,句中Whitacre為主語,began為謂語動詞,studying music 為賓語, at the University of Nevada.為地點狀語,Born in the USA為過去分詞作狀語。故選B。30.C【詳解】考查句子成分。句意:張磊很清楚目的地。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,劃線部分quite well是副詞短語(AdvP),在句中作狀語。故選C。31.賓語補足語32.主語33.時間狀語34.賓語35.后置定語36.謂語37.主語38.表語39.賓語補足語40.后置定語【解析】31.句意:他讓我早點來學(xué)校。分析句子成分可知劃線部分構(gòu)成固定短語ask sb to do要求某人做某事,不定式在句子中作賓語補足語,故答案為賓語補足語。32.句意:路的兩邊有很多樹。分析句子成分可知本句是There be句型表示存在,劃線部分是句子主語部分,故答案為主語。33.句意:他現(xiàn)在一定在家。分析句子成分可知此處劃線部分在句子中充當時間狀語,故答案為時間狀語。34.句意:他想再買一些香蕉。分析句子成分可知此處構(gòu)成動詞短語want to do想要做某事,不定式充當賓語,故答案為賓語。35.句意:騎自行車的男孩是我的小兒子。分析句子成分可知此處是介詞短語充當后置定語,故答案為后置定語。36.句意:你現(xiàn)在必須離開。分析句子成分可知劃線部分充當句子謂語表示“必須離開”,故答案為謂語。37.句意:吃得太多對健康有害。分析句子成分可知劃線部分是動名詞充當句子主語部分,表示“吃得太多”,故答案為主語。38.句意:跑步后,他感到筋疲力盡。分析句子成分可知劃線部分在句子中充當表語,表示“筋疲力盡的”,故答案為表語。39.句意:我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)習(xí)英語很難。分析句子成分可知劃線部分充當句子賓語補足語,故答案為賓語補足語。40.句意:在20世紀60年代,很少有孩子有機會接受良好的教育。分析句子成分可知劃線部分為不定式充當句子后置定語部分修飾名詞chance,故答案為后置定語。41.主語+系動詞+表語42.主語+謂語(及物動詞)+賓語+賓語補足語43.主語+謂語(不及物動詞)44.主語+謂語(及物動詞)+賓語+賓語補足語45.主語+謂語(及物動詞)+間接賓語+直接賓語46.主語+謂語(不及物動詞)+狀語47.主語+謂語(及物動詞)+賓語48.There be...句型【解析】41.考查句子類型。句意:換句話說,我們是自己未來的主人。we為主語;are是系動詞;the master of our own future為表語。故填主語+系動詞+表語。42.考查句子類型。句意:朋友使我的生活充滿了興奮。Friends為主語;made為謂語;my life為賓語;full of excitement為賓補。故填主語+謂語(及物動詞)+賓語+賓語補足語。43.考查句子類型。句意:陽光燦爛。The sun為主語;was shining為謂語。故填主語+謂語(不及物動詞)。44.考查句子類型。句意:老板讓他沒日沒夜地工作。The boss為主語;made為謂語;him作賓語;do the work day and night為賓補。故填主語+謂語(及物動詞)+賓語+賓語補足語。45.考查句子類型。句意:今天早上老師在課上給我們講了希望工程。主語為our teacher;told為謂語;us為間接賓語;something about the Hope Project為直接賓語。故填主語+謂語(及物動詞)+間接賓語+直接賓語。46.考查句子類型。句意:一位老人慢慢地小心地走著。An old man為主語;was walking為謂語;slowly and carefully作狀語。故填主語+謂語(不及物動詞)+狀語。47.考查句子類型。句意:我們地區(qū)的農(nóng)民種植大量蔬菜。此處Farmers為主語,grow為謂語,vegetables為賓語,故填主語+謂語(及物動詞)+賓語。48.考查句子類型。句意:教室里有十個男孩。此處為There be...句型,主語為ten boys,故填There be...句型。