外研版高中英語(yǔ)必修1Module5ALessoninaLab模塊素養(yǎng)培優(yōu)課件-課件下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

模塊素養(yǎng)培優(yōu)(五) Module 5【基礎(chǔ)全面練】 Ⅰ. 單句語(yǔ)法填空1. The computer industry ____________(expand) greatly over the last decade. ?2. This __________ (conclude) comes from one of two major studies that point to a global crash in bird numbers. 3. I wanted to know how the students reacted __my words and your _______ (react). 4. _______ water is often used to make tea. But as a child, you should drink more_______water instead of tea. (boil)5. They were __________ (astonish) to find the building still in its original condition. has expandedconclusiontoreactionBoiling boiled astonishedⅡ. 選詞填空keep. . . down, become interested in, be proud of, be supposed to, in the area of1. Madame Curie had a great contribution ____________physics. ?2. My baby is sleeping, and I really wish she could _____her voice _____. 3. Jack ____________his high score in the examination. ?4. When did you first __________________insects??5. At present he ____________be in town. ?in the area ofkeepdownwas proud ofbecome interested inis supposed toⅢ. 完成句子1. ___________________________on such a small bed. ?他睡在這么小的床上是不可能的。2. _________________. Let’s stand in a line. ?公共汽車來了。我們排隊(duì)吧。3. Put all the bills _______and then ______________. ?把所有的賬單整理好, 然后把花費(fèi)加起來。It is impossible for him to sleepHere comes the busin orderadd up the costs4. Only one-third of the work _______________till now. ?到現(xiàn)在這項(xiàng)工作只完成了三分之一。5. _________________________today; I get so fed up with your laziness. ?今天輪到你洗碗了;我受夠了你的懶惰。has been finishedIt’s your turn to wash dishesⅣ. 閱讀理解(2021·無錫高一檢測(cè))　　How does an ecosystem work? What makes the populations of different species the way they are? Why are there so many flies and so few wolves? To find an answer, scientists have built mathematical models of food webs, noting who eats whom and how much each one eats. With such models, scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs. Most food webs, for instance, consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones. When a predator(掠食動(dòng)物)always eats huge numbers of a single prey(獵物), the two species are strongly linked; when a predator lives on various species, they are weakly linked. Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term. If a predator can eat several species, it can survive the extinction(滅絕) of one of them. And if a predator can move on to another species that is easier to find when a prey species becomes rare, the switch allows the original prey to recover. The weak links may thus keep species from driving one another to extinction. Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable, where small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems. In the 1960s, scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species-including species they did not directly attack. And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of top-down control by top predators to be true. In the ocean, we fished for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale, while on land, we killed off large predators such as wolves. These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance. Scientists have built an early-warning system based on mathematical models. Ideally, the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline. Prevention is key, scientists say, because once ecosystems pass their tipping point(臨界點(diǎn)), it is remarkably difficult for them to return. 【文章大意】本文主要講述了科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)建立了一個(gè)基于食物網(wǎng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型預(yù)警系統(tǒng), 該系統(tǒng)揭示食物鏈中的生態(tài)平衡和破壞的原理和提醒人們應(yīng)該保護(hù)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。1. What have scientists discovered with the help of mathematical models of food webs?A. The living habits of species in food webs. B. The rules governing food webs of the ecosystems. C. The approaches to studying the species in the ecosystems. D. The differences between weak and strong links in food webs. 【解析】選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段With such models, scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs. 可知, 通過這些模型, 科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些在食物網(wǎng)中起作用的關(guān)鍵原理。由此可見, 科學(xué)家借助于食物網(wǎng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型發(fā)現(xiàn)了控制生態(tài)系統(tǒng)食物網(wǎng)的規(guī)則。2. A strong link is found between two species when a predator _______. ?A. has a wide food choice B. can easily find new preyC. sticks to one prey species D. can quickly move to another place【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段If a predator can eat. . . prey to recover. 可知如果一個(gè)捕食者可以吃幾個(gè)物種, 它就可以在其中一個(gè)物種滅絕后幸存下來。如果一個(gè)捕食者可以轉(zhuǎn)移到另一個(gè)物種, 當(dāng)一個(gè)捕食物種變得稀少時(shí), 更容易找到這個(gè)物種, 那么這個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)換就允許原來的捕食者恢復(fù)。由此可見, 當(dāng)食肉動(dòng)物粘在一個(gè)捕食物種上時(shí), 發(fā)現(xiàn)兩個(gè)物種之間有一個(gè)很強(qiáng)的聯(lián)系。3. What will happen if the populations of top predators in a food web greatly decline?A. The prey species they directly attack will die out. B. The species they indirectly attack will turn into top predators. C. The living environment of other species will remain unchanged. D. The populations of other species will experience unexpected changes. 【解析】選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句可知數(shù)學(xué)模型還表明, 食物網(wǎng)可能是不穩(wěn)定的, 頂部食肉動(dòng)物的微小變化可能導(dǎo)致整個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的巨大影響。由此可見, 如果食物網(wǎng)中頂級(jí)食肉動(dòng)物的數(shù)量大幅度下降, 其他物種的種群將經(jīng)歷意想不到的變化。4. What conclusion can be drawn from the examples in Paragraph 4?A. Uncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems. B. Rapid economic development threatens animal habitats. C. Species of commercial value dominate other species. D. Industrial activities help keep food webs stable. 【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段可知無計(jì)劃的人類活動(dòng)證明了頂級(jí)掠食者自上而下控制的想法是正確的。在海洋中, 我們?cè)诠I(yè)規(guī)模上捕撈頂級(jí)掠食者, 如鱈魚, 而在陸地上, 我們殺死大型掠食者, 如狼。這些行動(dòng)大大影響了生態(tài)平衡。由此可見, 不受控制的人類活動(dòng)極大地破壞了生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。Ⅴ. 語(yǔ)法填空(2021·大連高一檢測(cè))　　A kind of insect gets its name for the body shape, which resembles a long stick. Such an amazing 1. ________ (appear) helps it successfully hide from predators(捕食者) in the branches of trees. These creatures 2. ________ (call) stick insects. Often called walking sticks, they live on every continent except Antarctica. They can be smaller than an inch or longer than 3. ________18-inch ruler. ? There are some other ways stick insects use to defend 4. ________ (they). Some can hit attackers with their spiny legs. Others spray something in no time 5. ________ burns an attacker’s eyes. And some just taste bad. The Peruvian stick insect is one of them. This stick insect is 6. ________ (easy) to see because it has red, yellow, and black markings than others. These bright colors are a warning to predators, who know it discharges something with an unpleasant smell when 7. ________ (attack). ? Stick insects are mostly nocturnal, which means they are active at night, when they spend their time eating leaves. Darkness makes it harder for most predators 8. ________ (discover) them. However, darkness doesn’t protect stick insects 9. ________ one super set of insect hunters, insect-eating bats. These bats use echolocation(回聲定位) to find yummy bug dinners. And stick insects are 10. ________(absolute) on the menu as something these bats want to eat!?【文章大意】這是一篇說明文, 文章介紹了竹節(jié)蟲的有關(guān)情況, 包括生活習(xí)性、自我保護(hù)以及天敵等。1. 【解析】appearance。考查名詞。句意: 這樣一個(gè)驚人的外觀幫助它成功躲避開樹枝上的捕食者。such a/an+adj. +n. 意為“如此……”, 故此處應(yīng)用“appear”的名詞形式“appearance”。故填appearance。2. 【解析】are called。考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意: 這些生物被稱為竹節(jié)蟲。主語(yǔ)These creatures與call之間存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系, 生物被稱為竹節(jié)蟲, 是被動(dòng)關(guān)系, 根據(jù)上一句的helps可知時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí), 主語(yǔ)為第三人稱復(fù)數(shù), 謂語(yǔ)用are+過去分詞。故填are called。3. 【解析】an。考查冠詞。句意: 它們可以小于1英寸, 也可以長(zhǎng)于18英寸的尺子。這里是泛指, 且eighteen為元音音素開頭, 用不定冠詞an, 故填an。4. 【解析】themselves。考查反身代詞。句意: 竹節(jié)蟲還有其他一些保護(hù)自己的方法?？崭駷閐efend的賓語(yǔ), 主語(yǔ)是第三人稱復(fù)數(shù), 保護(hù)它們自己, 故用反身代詞themselves。故填themselves。5. 【解析】that。考查定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞。句意: 還有一些竹節(jié)蟲會(huì)立即噴灑一些東西, 灼傷攻擊者的眼睛。先行詞為something, 在從句中作主語(yǔ), 用that引導(dǎo), 故填that。6. 【解析】easier。考查形容詞的比較級(jí)。句意: 這種竹節(jié)蟲相對(duì)于其他的種類更容易看見, 因?yàn)樗屑t色、黃色和黑色的斑紋。這是一個(gè)比較句型, than前面要用形容詞/副詞的比較級(jí), 故此處應(yīng)為easy的比較級(jí)easier(更容易)。故填easier。7. 【解析】attacked。考查語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意: 這些鮮艷的顏色是對(duì)捕食者的警告, 因?yàn)椴妒痴咧浪谑艿焦魰r(shí), 會(huì)釋放出一種難聞的氣味。當(dāng)它們被攻擊的時(shí)候釋放氣體, “被攻擊”用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。這是when sb. /sth. be done的省略形式, 主句與從句的主語(yǔ)一致, 可以省略為when done(當(dāng)被……的時(shí)候)。故填attacked。8. 【解析】to discover?？疾榉侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意: 黑暗使得大多數(shù)捕食者很難發(fā)現(xiàn)它們。discover(發(fā)現(xiàn)), 動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)“to+動(dòng)詞原形”作真正賓語(yǔ), it為形式賓語(yǔ), 故填to discover。9. 【解析】from/against。考查固定搭配。句意: 然而, 黑暗并不能保護(hù)竹節(jié)蟲不受一種超級(jí)捕食昆蟲——蝙蝠的傷害。protect sb. from/against(保護(hù)某人免受……), 此處為保護(hù)竹節(jié)蟲免受蝙蝠的傷害。故填from或者against。10. 【解析】absolutely。考查副詞。句意: 竹節(jié)蟲絕對(duì)是這些蝙蝠想吃的東西!空格處為副詞作狀語(yǔ), 修飾be動(dòng)詞, 故此空應(yīng)填“absolute”的副詞形式。故填absolutely。Ⅵ. 微寫作　　根據(jù)下面的提示, 寫一篇80詞左右的短文, 介紹有關(guān)“不打破雞蛋除去蛋殼”的實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告。實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康? 不打破雞蛋除去蛋殼。實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器和材料: 一個(gè)玻璃杯、一個(gè)小煮鍋(saucepan)、水、一個(gè)雞蛋、約250毫升醋(vinegar)。實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟: 1. 先把雞蛋放在煮鍋中煮15分鐘左右;2. 把雞蛋放在玻璃杯中;3. 往玻璃杯中倒醋, 醋要漫過雞蛋;4. 把雞蛋泡在醋中24小時(shí)。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果: 24小時(shí)后蛋殼完全消失。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)論: 醋中的酸性物質(zhì)(acid)與蛋殼中的碳酸鈣(CaCO3)反應(yīng)生成二氧化碳(CO2), 蛋殼消失。核心要點(diǎn)提示: ①The aim of this experiment is to remove. . . ②You need the following substances. . . ③boil the egg for about. . . ④place the egg in. . . ⑤The conclusion is that. . . ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考范文】 The aim of this experiment is to remove the shell from an egg without breaking it. You need the following substances: a glass, a small saucepan, water, an egg and about 250ml vinegar. First, boil the egg for about fifteen minutes in the saucepan. Next, place the egg in the glass and cover it with vinegar. After that, leave the egg in the vinegar for 24 hours. The conclusion is that 24 hours later, the shell disappears completely. The shell is mostly made of CaCO3 and the vinegar includes acid. The egg shell dissolves because CaCO3 reacts with acid to form CO2. 閱讀理解　　Six years ago at the age of 35, I suddenly decided I wanted to learn the cello(大提琴). Straight away I rented an instrument and appeared before Wendell Margrave, professor of musical instruction. “You can be as good as you want to be, ” Margrave said rather mysteriously. On a piece of paper he drew the notes E and F. He showed me where to put my fingers on the neck of the cello and how to draw the bow. Then he entered my name in his book: 10 am, Tuesday. Tuesday followed Tuesday, and soon it was spring. Thus began my voyage out of ignorance and into the dream. E-F, E-F, we played together-and moved on to G. It was a happy time. I was again becoming something new, and no longer trapped as the same person. Surely the most terrible recognition of middle life is that we are past changing. We do what we can already do. The cello was something I couldn’t do. Yet each Tuesday this became less and less true. Riding home on the bus one snowy night and learning the score of Mozart’s C-Major Quintet, I felt the page burst into music in my hands. I could by then more or less read a score, and was humming(哼唱)the cello line, when suddenly all five parts came together harmonically in my head. The fellow sitting opposite stared. I met his glance with tears, actually hearing the music in my head for the first time. Could he hear it too, perhaps? No, he got off at the next stop. As the years slipped by, my daughter grew up, playing the piano well. My goal was that she and I would one day perform together. I also wanted to perform in public with and for my peers, and to be secretly envied. I continued to play, to perform, but it is not the same. Before, when I heard a cello, it was all beauty and light. Now, as the TV camera gets close to Rostropovich’s face, I recognize that his smile shows his incredible determination. Even for him, the cello is a difficult instrument that doesn’t respect his ambitions. I picked up my cello and practiced. As good as I wanted to be, I am as good as I’m going to get. It is good enough. 【文章大意】本文講的是六年前, 作者35歲的時(shí)候突然決定要學(xué)習(xí)大提琴, 她就這樣開始了學(xué)習(xí)旅程, 從無知到進(jìn)入夢(mèng)想, 隨著歲月的流逝, 作者的女兒長(zhǎng)大了, 鋼琴?gòu)椀煤芎?。作者的目?biāo)是有一天和女兒一起表演。1. From the first two paragraphs, we can learn that _______. ?A. the author already knew some cello basicsB. the author went to a cello lesson every TuesdayC. the author bought a cello after she decided to learn itD. Wendell Margrave was a famous but mysterious professor【解析】選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Then he entered my name in his book: 10 am, Tuesday. Tuesday followed Tuesday, and soon it was spring. ”可知, 作者每個(gè)星期二去上大提琴課。2. The author writes that “It was a happy time. ” in Paragraph 3 mainly because _______. ?A. she felt very bored with her new lifeB. it was beautiful to be able to hear the music in her mindC. Professor Margrave made learning the cello very easy for herD. she enjoyed the feeling of growth and got closer to her dream【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Riding home on the bus one snowy night and learning the score of Mozart’s C-Major Quintet, I felt the page burst into music in my hands. ”可知, 作者學(xué)習(xí)大提琴已經(jīng)有很大的進(jìn)步, 離她的夢(mèng)想越來越近。3. From the last paragraph, it can be inferred that the author _______. ?A. put on shows with her daughterB. was determined to catch up with RostropovichC. is happy to have kept up her personal developmentD. was confident that her peers would envy her for her cello playing ability【解析】選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)“My goal was that she and I would one day perform together. I also wanted to perform in public with and for my peers, and to be secretly envied. ”可知, 看到自己在大提琴上的進(jìn)步, 作者是很快樂的。4. The purpose of the article is mainly to _______. ?A. show her deep gratitude to her cello tutorB. advise readers on how to improve their cello skillsC. describe her incredible efforts to overcome difficultiesD. encourage readers that it’s never too late to pursue their dreams【解析】選D。寫作意圖題。本文主要講的是作者35歲的時(shí)候突然決定要學(xué)習(xí)大提琴, 就這樣開始了她的學(xué)習(xí)旅程, 從無知到進(jìn)入夢(mèng)想, 隨著歲月的流逝, 她的目標(biāo)是有一天和女兒一起表演。由此可知追求夢(mèng)想從來都不遲。

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