2023年高考英語全程考評特訓卷課下天天練十六含解析-試卷下載-教習網(wǎng)

[2022·濟南外國語模擬]Jseph Francis Charles Rck (1884－1962) was an Austrian-American explrer, btanist, and anthrplgist (人類學家). Fr mre than 25 years, he travelled extensively thrugh Tibet and Yunnan, Gansu, and Sichuan prvinces in China befre finally leaving in 1949.
In 1924, Harvard sent Jseph Francis Rck n a treasure hunt thrugh China's suthwestern prvinces—the Wild West f their day. But gld and silver weren't his task: Rck, a distinguished btanist, sught nly t fill his bags with all the seeds, saplings, and shrubs he culd find. During his three-year expeditin, he cllected 20，000 specimens fr the Arnld Arbretum (阿諾德植物園).
Btany, thugh, was just ne f Rck's strengths. As an ethnlgist (民族學者), he tk hundreds f phtgraphs f the Naxi, a tribe in Yunnan Prvince, recrding their nw-lst way f life fr bth Harvard and Natinal Gegraphic, and tk ntes fr an eventual 500-page dictinary f their language. His hand-drawn map f his travels thrugh China's “Ch-Ni” territry, in the Harvard Map Cllectin, includes mre than a thusand rivers, twns, and muntains indicated in bth English and Chinese, and was s well made that the U．S. gvernment used it t plan aerial missins in Wrld War Ⅱ.
Scientist, linguist, cartgrapher, phtgrapher, writer—Rck was nt a wallflwer in any sense. Arrgant and self-pssessed, he wuld walk int a village r warlrd's place “as if he wned the place，” said Lisa Pearsn, the Arbretum's head librarian.
In declaring his successful return under the headline “Seeking Strange Flwers, in the Far Reaches f the Wrld”， the Bstn Evening transcript ran a large pht f the daring explrer wearing in a wlly cat and fx-skin hat. “In discussing his herism including hair-raising escapes frm death either frm muntain slides, snw slides and rbber armies，he waves the idea away as if it is f n imprtance.”
The Arbretum and Rck parted ways after 1927, mainly because his trip cst Harvard a frtune—abut $ 900，000 in tday's dllars. Frtunately, many f his specimens, many f his amazing phts, and his great stries remain.
1．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．Rck's service fr the U．S gvernment.
B．Rck's cperatin with Harvard.
C．Rck's wrk as a btanist.
D．Rck's explratin in Suthwest China.
2．What cntributin did Rck make t the USA besides cllecting new plants and specimens?
A．He travelled thrugh sme uncivilized places in China.
B．His hand-drawn map was used in WW Ⅱ.
C．He shwed herism by escaping difficulties.
D．He made headlines in Bstn Evening News.
3．Hw did Rck respnd when peple mentined his heric deeds?
A．Excitedly. B．Prudly.
C．Calmly. D．Nervusly.
4．What caused Rck t stp wrk fr The Arbretum?
A．The vast expense.
B．The dangerus jurney.
C．The challenging tasks.
D．The unknwn wrld.
B
[2022·江西六校聯(lián)考]It is quite apparent that cmpetitin surrunds every aspect f human life whether in the United States r the Amazn rainfrest. Withut it we wuld nt have grwn int primates (靈長目動物). Or we wuld prbably still be struggling t sharpen a brnze tl while crawling arund n fur legs in search f meat. Withut cmpetitin, Clumbus wuldn't have discvered America and Edisn wuld never have invented the light bulb.
Friendships, like all relatinships between tw peple, invlve cmpetitin. It isn't cmpetitin in a traditinal sense because there are n gals t be scred and n prize. Perhaps the eclgical definitin—the simultaneus (同時的) demand by tw r mre rganisms fr limited envirnmental resurces, such as nutrients, living space, r light—better explains it.
As in nature, high schl life is gverned by a set f laws, similar t a shrtened versin f Darwin's thery f evlutin, verppulatin, and cmpetitin. There are lts f high schl students and t distinguish them, ranking and categrizing take place. In high schl, friendships learn t cexist with cmpetitin even thugh at times the relatinship is rugh. In fact, in sme circumstances, cmpetitin is t much f a burden fr a friendship t bear, causing it t fall apart. Cllege admissin is the final high schl bjective. Fur years f hard wrk is t achieve gd grades, and a student's fate is determined nt nly by these achievements, but by the recrds f thusands f ther senirs trying t achieve a similar recgnitin.
Nevertheless, by necessity, cmpetitin between students exists in all aspects f high schl life. It sets and imprves the standards in everything frm sprts t schlwrk. Healthy, friendly cmpetitin can have nly benefits, but when it becmes t fierce, jealusy (妒忌) can tear friendships apart. Yet, despite all this, withut cmpetitin, we wuld be lst.
5．What des the eclgical definitin mainly explain?
A．Hw t win the cmpetitin.
B．What cmpetitin exactly is.
C．What the result f cmpetitin is.
D．Hw friends cmpete with each ther.
6．Accrding t the writer, what causes the high schl students t cmpete?
A．They knw the laws f nature well.
B．A friendship is a burden fr them.
C．The number f them is t large.
D．They are divided int different grups.
7．Which best describes the relatinship f the friendship and cmpetitin?
A．The friendship is always based n cmpetitin.
B．Cmpetitin is a result f a lst friendship.
C．Cmpetitin is terribly harmful t friendships.
D．The degree f cmpetitin is vital t friendships.
8．What des the authr think f “cmpetitin”？
A．Cmpetitin is certain t happen at schl.
B．The result f cmpetitin is ut f cntrl.
C．Cmpetitin becmes fierce in high schl.
D．The friendship is nt as imprtant as cmpetitin at schl.
Ⅱ.七選五
[2022·石家莊質量檢測一]Have yu ever wndered why yu're nt as happy as yu'd like t be? Based n my wn persnal experience and the happiness facts published by Harvard University, I've summarized the fllwing habits that will make yu happy!
Laugh ften. Laughter is the mst pwerful medicine fr anger r depressin. Research has shwn that the simple act f smiling can increase yur feeling f happiness. __1__Try t find humr and laughter in life's everyday struggles.
Keep yur agreements. Our self-respect is built n the agreements we've made with urselves and with thers. And high self-respect has a direct relatinship with happiness. __2__
D yur best and then let g. Everyne has limitatins, and things dn't always turn ut t be what we'd like them t be—despite ur effrts. S always give yur best, and then let g. __3__ When yu've dne yur best, yu'll have n regrets.
Give back. __4__Accrding t Harvard, when peple d gd, their brains becme active in the very same reward center that is stimulated when they experience ther rewards. S it's nt a surprise that peple wh care mre abut thers are happier than thse wh care less abut thers.
These happiness habits have prven t be true in my wn life. During thse perids when I fcus n develping the habits listed abve, I d feel happier and mre fulfilled—like nw. Happiness is nt an accident. __5__
A．Let events run their curse.
B．S dn't take life t seriusly.
C．S d what yu say yu're ging t d.
D．When we succeed, we're mre likely t be happy.
E．This is the best way t vercme yur limitatins.
F．It's a cnscius decisin that takes a cnscius effrt.
G．Helping thers is ne f the surest ways t feel gd.
Ⅲ.完形填空
[2022·成都市第三次診斷]While lking fr a jb in Denmark, Albert fund his spare time activities an advantage.
In his spare time, Albert was pleasantly __1__ t find a lt f utdr facilities in Denmark. __2__ mving there, he had thught that because f the __3__， lcals wuld prbably __4__ spending time indrs. “I like t __5__ life utdrs with friends: walking in the frest, playing sprts and swimming. We even __6__ a camping trip t the beach. ”
Albert als enjys __7__ training in spare time. __8__， he is mre than willing t help thers in the gym. “Making __9__ and helping friends have taught me hw t __10__ and understand the __11__ f a persn, which helps me when I'm dealing with peple r anywhere where empathy (共鳴) and attentin are __12__. I have als learned t becme mre __13__， since I have t bserve and then change r __14__ the plan based n their __15__. Finally, I have als learned hw t be a better __16__—I had t design the schedules in a fun and entertaining way t __17__ peple. ”
Albert fund these experiences helpful in __18__. “Nwadays, cmpanies are nt s fcused n certain __19__， but mre interested in getting t knw the persn behind the CV (簡歷). Spare time activities serve as a means fr the cmpany t get a better __20__ f emplyees. ”,
1．A.disappinted B．a(chǎn)nxius C．surprised D．a(chǎn)nnyed
2．A.Befre B．Upn C．Withut D．Fr
3．A.traditin B．weather C．traffic D．passin
4．A.deny B．cntinue C．resist D．prefer
5．A.enjy B．expect C．discuss D．a(chǎn)ppreciate
6．A.witnessed B．needed C．did D．chse
7．A.fitness B．military C．prfessinal D．a(chǎn)cademic
8．A.Eventually B．Hpefully C．Therefre D．Mrever
9．A.interviews B．plans C．changes D．decisins
10．A.admire B．prve C．fllw D．detect
11．A.advantages B．imaginatins C．needs D．a(chǎn)bilities
12．A.useless B．strange C．urgent D．necessary
13．A.prud B．rganized C．excited D．merciful
14．A.supprt B．recmmend C．a(chǎn)dapt D．make
15．A.reactin B．mvement C．impressin D．psitin
16．A.classmate B．leader C．sprtsman D．salesman
17．A.distract B．interest C．a(chǎn)muse D．encurage
18．A.schling B．truth-seeking C．jb-hunting D．surviving
19．A.skills B．pinins C．persnalities D．weaknesses
20．A.side B．half C．picture D．future
Ⅳ.語法填空
[2022·太原市三模]Fr many peple in the wrld, fd waste has becme a habit: buying mre fd than we need at markets，1．________ (let) fruit and vegetables spil at hme r taking mre than we can eat.
These habits put extra pressure 2．________ ur natural resurces and damage ur envirnment. When we waste fd, we waste s much labur, effrt, 3．________ (invest) and the precius resurces that g int prducing it, nt t mentin the resurces in transprting and prcessing it. In shrt, wasting fd increases greenhuse gas emissins and 4．________ (cntribute) t climate change.
It's 5．________ urgent issue. In fact, tns f fd is lst r wasted 6．________ (glbal) every day. The part f fd that is lst frm harvest up t, but nt including, the retail level is called fd lss. The part wasted at the cnsumer r retail level 7．________ (refer) t as fd waste. We make this distinctin t address thse rt 8．________ (cause) f this prblem, a prblem that everyne frm farmers and prducers t custmers can help end.
Reducing fd lss and waste is essential in a wrld 9．________ millins f peple g hungry every day. When we reduce waste, we respect that fd is nt a given. It's up t us 10．________ (change) ur habits t make nt wasting fd a way f life!
課下天天練（十六）閱讀語言運用組合練
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
語篇類型：記敘文主題語境：人與自我——人物經(jīng)歷——旅游和探險
【語篇解讀】文章主要講述了奧地利裔美國探險家、植物學家和人類學家Jseph Francis Charles Rck在中國西南地區(qū)的旅游和探險經(jīng)歷。
1．答案與解析：D 主旨大意題。通讀全文尤其是第二段第一句“In 1924, Harvard sent Jseph Francis Rck n a treasure hunt thrugh China's suthwestern prvinces—the Wild West f their day.”可知，文章主要講述了奧地利裔美國探險家、植物學家和人文學家Jseph Francis Charles Rck在中國西南地區(qū)的探險經(jīng)歷。故選D。
2．答案與解析：B 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“His hand-drawn map f his travels thrugh China's‘Ch-Ni’ territry, in the Harvard Map Cllectin, includes mre than a thusand rivers, twns and muntains indicated in bth English and Chinese, and was s well made that the U．S. gvernment used it t plan aerial missins in Wrld War Ⅱ.”可知，除了在收集新品種的植物和標本上做出貢獻，Rck手繪的地圖也曾被用于第二次世界大戰(zhàn)。故選B。
3．答案與解析：C 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句“‘In discussing his herism including hair-raising escapes frm death either frm muntain slides, snw slides and rbber armies, he waves the idea away as if it is f n imprtance.’”可知，在討論Rck的英雄事跡時，雖然他經(jīng)歷過山體滑坡、雪崩以及強盜（的搶劫），可他覺得那都不算什么。由此可推知，Rck在人們提到自己的英雄事跡時的反應很平靜。故選C。
4．答案與解析：A 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“The Arbretum and Rck parted ways after 1927, mainly because his trip cst Harvard a frtune—abut $ 900，000 in tday's dllars.”可知，Rck不再在植物園工作的主要原因是他旅行花費了很多錢。故選A。
【亮點句積累】In declaring his successful return under the headline “Seeking Strange Flwers, in the Far Reaches f the Wrld”， the Bstn Evening transcript ran a large pht f the daring explrer wearing in a wlly cat and fx-skin hat.（第五段第一句）
譯文：《波士頓晚報》以“在遙遠的世界里尋找奇異的花朵”為題，刊登了一張這位大膽的冒險家身穿羊毛外套、頭戴狐貍皮帽的巨幅照片，以宣告他返回成功。
詞匯積累：extensively adv.廣大地 territry n．領土
linguist n．語言學家 arrgant adj.傲慢的
B
語篇類型：說明文主題語境：人與社會——社會生活——競爭
【語篇解讀】競爭推動了人類社會的發(fā)展，是不可或缺的，本文說明了競爭的含義，指出在高中階段競爭是不可避免的，還特別說明了如何在競爭和友誼中尋找平衡。
5．答案與解析：B 考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第二段內容可知，eclgical definitin所在的句子是對前一句“It isn't n prize”的補充說明，進一步說明競爭到底是什么，故選B。
6．答案與解析：C 考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第三段中的“There are lts take place”可知，高中生數(shù)量多，為了區(qū)分他們，排名和分類就產(chǎn)生了，排名和分類就是競爭的具體形式，故選C。
7．答案與解析：D 考查推斷的能力。根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“Healthy, friendly tear friendships apart”可知，正常合理的且友好的競爭只有好處，但當競爭太激烈時，妒忌能使友誼分崩離析。故D項“競爭的程度對友誼至關重要”正確。
8．答案與解析：A 考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Nevertheless, by necessity, cmpetitin between students exists in all aspects f high schl life”可知，作者認為學生之間的競爭必然存在于高中學校生活的所有方面，故A選項“競爭在學校是必然會發(fā)生的”正確。
Ⅱ.七選五
語篇類型：說明文主題語境：人與自我——幸福——讓人幸福的幾個習慣
【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了幾個讓人幸福的習慣，包括常笑和幫助他人等。
1．答案與解析：B'考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)空前一句表述的“研究表明，一個簡單的微笑行為可以增加你的幸福感”和空后一句表述的“在每日的奮斗中努力找到幽默和笑聲”可知，B項“所以不要跟生活太較真”符合語境。
2．答案與解析：C'考查總結句。結合本段內容可知，本段主要講自尊、言行一致和幸福三者之間的關系。言行一致是自尊的基礎，而高度的自尊又與幸福有直接關系，所以C項“因此你要言出必行”符合語境。
3．答案與解析：A'考查上下文銜接?？涨耙痪渲v的是“所以永遠盡自己最大的努力，然后放手”，而空后一句講的是“當你已盡了自己最大努力，你就沒有遺憾了”，因此A項“讓事情順其自然”符合語境。
4．答案與解析：G'考查上下文銜接。本段總結句講的是關心他人更多的人比關心他人更少的人更幸福，這并不是一個令人驚訝的事，故G項“幫助別人是能感到快樂的最可靠的方法之一”符合語境。
5．答案與解析：F'考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)空前一句表述的“幸福不是一件偶然的事”可知，F(xiàn)項“這是一個需要有意識的努力來作出的有意識的決定”符合語境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
語篇類型：記敘文主題語境：人與自我——做人與做事——業(yè)余生活及其對求職的影響
【語篇解讀】 Albert在丹麥發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們并不是如他想象那樣因為氣候原因而不喜歡戶外活動。他幫助人們進行健身訓練并從中收獲很多。Albert的經(jīng)歷對于他求職幫助很大，在求職中，公司不僅關注簡歷，還更關注求職者簡歷之外的生活。
1．答案與解析：C 考查語境推斷。根據(jù)該段下文中的“he had thught... spending time indrs”可知，丹麥當?shù)厝丝赡軙矚g室內活動；結合該句中的“find a lt f utdr facilities in Denmark”可以判斷，當發(fā)現(xiàn)丹麥有許多室外設施時，Albert感到很驚訝，C選項意為“驚訝的”，故C項正確。
2．答案與解析：A 考查語境推斷。根據(jù)該句中的“he had thught”可知，該句使用了過去完成時，結合語境可以判斷，此處表示在Albert遷到丹麥之前，故A項正確。
3．答案與解析：B 考查常識推斷。根據(jù)該句中的“spending time indrs”可知，丹麥人可能更喜歡待在室內；結合常識可以判斷，由于丹麥的天氣原因，丹麥人無法經(jīng)常到室外活動，故喜歡待在室內。故B項正確。
4．答案與解析：D 考查語境推斷。根據(jù)該句中的“l(fā)cals wuld prbably”可知，由于丹麥的天氣原因，丹麥人無法經(jīng)常到室外活動，故可能更喜歡待在室內。D項意為“更喜歡”，故D項正確。
5．答案與解析：A 考查語境推斷。根據(jù)該句中的“walking in the frest, playing sprts and swimming”可知，Albert喜歡和朋友們一起享受戶外活動：在森林里散步、運動和游泳。A項意為“享受……的樂趣”，故A項正確。
6．答案與解析：C 考查語境推斷。根據(jù)該句中的“a camping trip t the beach”并結合上句內容可知，Albert甚至還去海灘進行野營旅行了。故C項正確。
【易錯提醒】該題容易錯選成D項，選錯的原因是忽略上句和該句的聯(lián)系。在這里Albert陳述的是各種已經(jīng)發(fā)生的活動，用以說明他們喜歡戶外活動，而不是選擇。
7．答案與解析：A 考查語境推斷。根據(jù)下句中的“he is mre than willing t help thers in the gym”可知，Albert很樂意幫助在體育館的人；據(jù)此可以判斷，Albert喜歡在業(yè)余時間進行健身訓練。fitness意為“健壯，健康”，故A項正確。B項意為“軍事的”；C項意為“專業(yè)的”；D項意為“學術的”，都與語境不符。
8．答案與解析：D 考查語境推斷。根據(jù)上句可知，Albert喜歡在業(yè)余時間進行健身訓練；根據(jù)該句中的“he is mre than willing t help thers in the gym”可知，此外，他還很樂意幫助在體育館的人。據(jù)此可知，兩句間為遞進關系，故用Mrever。
9．答案與解析：B 考查語境和常識推斷。根據(jù)前文可知，Albert喜歡在業(yè)余時間進行健身訓練，還非常樂意幫助在體育館的人。結合常識可知，健身訓練需要作計劃，Albert從作計劃和幫朋友中獲益良多。B項意為“計劃”，故B項正確。
10．答案與解析：D 考查語境推斷。根據(jù)該句中的“which helps me when I'm dealing with peple”可知，這在他與人打交道時幫助了他；結合該句中的“understand”可以判斷，作計劃和幫助朋友教會了他如何發(fā)現(xiàn)和理解一個人的需求。D項意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)”，故D項正確。
11．答案與解析：C 考查語境和常識推斷。根據(jù)該句中的“which helps me when I'm dealing with peple”可知，這幫助Albert與人打交道；結合常識可以判斷，該處指作計劃和幫助朋友教會了他如何發(fā)現(xiàn)和理解一個人的需求。故C項正確。
12．答案與解析：D 考查語境和常識推斷。根據(jù)語境并結合常識可知，在與人打交道的過程中，共鳴和關注是必要的，D項意為“必要的”，故D項正確。
13．答案與解析：B 考查語境推斷。根據(jù)該句中的“since I have t bserve and then change”和“the plan”可知，Albert不得不觀察并改變計劃，據(jù)此可以判斷，他要更有效地組織人們運動。rganized意為“有效率的，有條理的”，符合語境，故B項正確。
14．答案與解析：C 考查語境推斷。根據(jù)該句中的“I have t bserve and then change r”和“the plan”可知，Albert不得不觀察并改變計劃，據(jù)此可以判斷，此處表示改變或修改計劃；C項意為“使適應，使適合（新用途、新情況）”，故C項正確。
15．答案與解析：A 考查語境和常識推斷。根據(jù)語境和常識可知，Albert需要根據(jù)人們的反應改變計劃；A項意為“反應”，故A項正確。
16．答案與解析：D 考查語境推斷。根據(jù)該句中的“I had t design the schedules in a fun and entertaining way”可知，Albert必須以一種有趣且使人愉快的方式來設計日程安排；結合選項可知，此處表示他已經(jīng)學會如何成為更好的銷售員，故D項正確。
17．答案與解析：B 考查語境推斷。根據(jù)該句中的“in a fun and entertaining way”可推知，Albert此舉的目的是讓人們感興趣。B項意為“使感興趣”，故B項正確。
18．答案與解析：C 考查語境推斷。根據(jù)本文首句中的“While lking fr a jb in Denmark”并結合該句中的“Albert fund these experiences helpful in”和下文中的cmpanies可知，Albert發(fā)現(xiàn)這些經(jīng)歷在他尋找工作的過程中是有用的，故C項正確。
19．答案與解析：A 考查語境推斷。根據(jù)該句中的“but mre interested in getting t knw the persn behind the CV（簡歷）”可知，公司更感興趣的是個人簡歷背后的故事，據(jù)此可以判斷，公司如今對個人的某些技能并不那么關注，A項意為“技能”，故A項正確。
20．答案與解析：C 考查語境推斷。根據(jù)上句可知，公司更感興趣的是個人簡歷背后的故事；據(jù)此可以判斷，業(yè)余活動是公司更好地了解員工的一種手段。picture“印象，頭腦中的情景；描述”。故C項正確。
Ⅳ.語法填空
語篇類型：說明文主題語境：人與社會——社會現(xiàn)象——食物浪費
【語篇解讀】本文主要講述了當今社會食物浪費情況嚴重、這一現(xiàn)象造成的后果、食物損失與食物浪費的區(qū)別等，也講述了世界上還有很多人每天吃不飽飯，所以我們應該減少食物浪費。
1．答案與解析：letting 考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，該空與前面的buying和后面的taking形成并列，所以空處需要填letting。
2．答案與解析：n 考查介詞。此處考查固定搭配put pressure n，意為“向……施加壓力”，所以空處需要填n。
3．答案與解析：investment 考查詞形轉換。分析句子結構可知，此處與labur, effrt和the precius resurces形成并列，同作waste的賓語，需要用到名詞，所以填investment。
4．答案與解析：cntributes 考查謂語動詞的時態(tài)和主謂一致。分析句子結構可知，空處與increases形成并列，兩者并列作本句的謂語，且主語為wasting fd，所以空處需要填cntributes。
5．答案與解析：an 考查冠詞。結合語境“這是一件緊迫的事情”可知，此處表泛指；且空后urgent的發(fā)音以元音音素開頭，所以空處需要填an。
6．答案與解析：glbally 考查詞形轉換。分析句子結構可知，空處修飾謂語，需要用副詞，所以填glbally。
7．答案與解析：is referred 考查謂語動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。分析句子結構可知，該空在句中作謂語；根據(jù)語境可知，此處需要用到一般現(xiàn)在時表示客觀事實；根據(jù)語境“在消費者和零售層面浪費的部分被稱作食物浪費”可知，本句語態(tài)為被動語態(tài)；主語The part為第三人稱單數(shù)，所以空處填is referred。
8．答案與解析：causes 考查名詞單復數(shù)。cause是一個可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)前面的thse可知，空處需要用到復數(shù)，所以填causes。rt cause“根本原因”。
9．答案與解析：where 考查關系副詞。分析句子結構可知，該空引導定語從句，先行詞為表示地點的名詞wrld，該空指代先行詞在從句中作地點狀語，故填關系副詞where。
10．答案與解析：t change 考查非謂語動詞。此處考查的是固定句型It's up t sb. t d sth.，所以空處需要填t change。

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