閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
A
[2022·大連高三測試]
Vlunteer Opprtunities
Vlunteers are a vital part f ur missin f prviding high-quality envirnmental educatinal prgrammes fr the lcal yuth, Hudsn River research, and cmmunity events. We are currently seeking vlunteers fr the fllwing psitins：
?Educatin Assistant—Assist educatin staff with everyday schl wrk, after-schl envirnmental clubs and cmmunity grup visits every Wednesday afternn.
?Marsh (沼澤) Assistant—Help maintain riverfrnt marsh n Thursdays and Saturdays. Wrk n ccasinal marsh repairs including the remval f freign species f plants and the clean-up f rubbish. (Seasnal)
?Research Assistant—Participate in water quality mnitring, the sea life study, and ther prjects as they are develped. Eight hurs each week n wrkdays.
?Aquaria (水族館) Assistant—Prvide care fr the center's cllectin f aquatic wildlife including tank maintenance and animal feeding at the weekend.
Vlunteer psitins are available thrughut the year! Previus experience is nt required.
Training will be prvided upn the start f vlunteer service. Fr mre infrmatin abut ur vlunteer prgrams as well as single-day vlunteer events, call (914) 377-1900 r visit www. centerfrtheurbanriver. rg.
1．What des the Educatin Assistant need t d?
A.Help with schl rutine.
B．Give lectures after schl.
C．Cach students in sprts clubs.
D．Visit pr students' cmmunities.
2．If yu are busy n weekdays, which vlunteer psitin is prbably suitable fr yu?
A.Educatin Assistant. B．Marsh Assistant.
C．Research Assistant. D．Aquaria Assistant.
3．What's required t be ne f the vlunteers?
A．Wrking experience.
B．Academic training.
C．Cncern fr the envirnment.
D．Arund-the-clck availability.
B
[2022·河北高三六校聯(lián)考]Nt lng ag, Linda Khan was sitting by a hspital bed in Hustn, feeling ill at ease. Beside her lay her father wh needed heart surgery. The tw f them had engaged in nthing but depressing small talk. Then, her eyes fell n a pile f bks. She picked up ne, and started t read it ut lud. “Right away it changed the md and atmsphere，” she says. Reading gave the daughter a way t cnnect with her father. Listening allwed the father t travel n the sund f his daughter's vice int a place where he felt himself again. “Frm then n，” Khan says, “I always read t him.”
In a 2010 survey in the United Kingdm, elderly adults wh jined weekly read-alud grups reprted better cncentratin, less anxiety, and an imprved ability t scialize. The survey authrs wed these imprvements in large part t the “rich, varied diet f serius literature” that grup members cnsumed, with fictin encuraging feelings f relaxatin and calm, petry fstering fcused cncentratin, and narratives giving rise t cgnitive (認(rèn)知的) thughts, feelings, and memries. In truth, almst any kind f reading t anther persn can be beneficial.
Readers get rewards t. Fr Neil Bush, the late-life hspitalizatin f his famus parents, Gerge H．W. and Barbara Bush, became pprtunities t repay a debt f gratitude. “When I was a kid, they wuld read t me，” he said. With his parents in and ut f care, “We've been reading bks abut Dad's freign plicy and, mre recently, Mm's autbigraphy.” Bush went n, his vice thick with emtin, “And t read their amazing life t them has been a remarkable blessing t me, persnally, as their sn.”
T many peple, reading t parents may seem s far utside the nrmal range f regular activities, and it may even feel dd and imprper. Hwever, there are still many peple wh brave the mmentary strangeness f reading t elderly adults and bth readers and listeners are, t brrw a phrase frm Wrdswrth, surprised by the jy f it.
4．What did reading ffer t Linda and her father?
A．A way t establish a bnd.
B．A way t travel tgether in reality.
C．A way t treat the disease.
D．A way t engage in learning.
5．What is Paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A．Imprvements in mental health.
B．Benefits f reading t thers.
C．Changes in the cgnitive prcess.
D．Develpment f scial skills.
6．What des Neil Bush's experience prve?
A．Reading benefits mre than the listener.
B．Parents shuld read mre t their kids.
C．Children shuld shw their gratitude.
D．Reading t parents is children's duty.
7．Hw des the authr feel abut reading t an elderly adult?
A．Imprper and dd.
B．Abnrmal but wrthy.
C．Rewarding and jyful.
D．Interesting but unnecessary.
C
[2022·青島高中質(zhì)量檢測]Nbdy wants t snack n plastic bags r sda rings, but accrding t a recent study frm the University f Newcastle, we culd be cnsuming rughly a credit card's wrth f plastic every week.
Micrplastics, which are less than a quarter-inch size and cme in varius shapes, have plluted the natural wrld and infiltrated (滲入) ur bdies. The first clue t micrplastic expsure in humans came arund 2013, when scientists discvered plastic particles in seafd prepared fr cnsumptin. But in 2019, when the University f Newcastle study was published, the scientific cmmunity understd that the prblem was cnsiderably brader. Micrplastics shed ff clthes and tires and have been fund in beer, hney, table salt and ther fd items. We breathe in plastic staying in the air and drink plastic flating in ur drinks. It's n stretch t cnclude that ur expsure is significant. What we dn't knw is what this means fr us.
The amunt f evidence cllected n this__subject is grwing rapidly, accrding t Sctt Cffin, a txiclgist (毒理學(xué)家). Studies dne n mice and rats have fund that plastic in their bdies can severely damage cells and cause stress.
Because micrplastics are t small t clean up, the nly slutin is t stp plastic waste at the surce. And ding s wuld take a thrugh adjustment, given that plastic is deeply embedded in ur ecnmy and lifestyle. Stpping using them wuld fundamentally affect cuntless industries, including textiles (紡織業(yè)), transprtatin and manufacturing.
“I think we need t have mre studies cming ut that are directly related t human health befre we see a lt mre cncern frm the general public，” Sctt said. “It takes a lt t cnvince peple that smething that is really cnvenient fr them t use is smething they shuld sacrifice.”
The questin f micrplastics and human health needs mre attentin—frm the scientific cmmunity, the general public, the gvernment and funding grups. The issue isn't being ignred, but it's nt being priritized either.
8．What des the secnd paragraph mainly tell us abut micrplastics?
A．Their wide usage in daily life.
B．Their harm t human health.
C．Their significant expsure in humans.
D．The new study cnducted n them.
9．What des the underlined part “this subject” refer t?
A．The way that micrplastics exist.
B．The pllutin caused by micrplastics.
C．The relatinship between micrplastics and human health.
D．The reasn fr the existence f micrplastics.
10．Hw t slve the prblem accrding t Sctt?
A．T cut dwn plastic prductin.
B．T carry ut mre studies n mice and rats.
C.T invent smething mre cnvenient than plastic.
D．T prmte peple's awareness n the harm brught by micrplastic.
11．Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the passage?
A．Is micrplastic pllutin harmful t ur health?
B．Why is micrplastic pllutin everywhere?
C．Why is plastic harmful?
D．What d yu knw abut micrplastics?
D
[2022·南昌市模擬]The team, led by Michael T．Tlley, a prfessr f mechanical engineering at the Jacbs Schl f Engineering at UC San Dieg, details its findings in the Feb. 17, 2021 issue f the jurnal Science Rbtics.
“This wrk represents a fundamental yet significant step twards fully-autnmus, electrnics-free walking rbts，” said Dylan Drtman, a PhD student in Tlley's research grup and the paper's first authr.
Applicatins include lw-cst rbts fr entertainment, such as tys, and rbts that can perate in envirnments where electrnics cannt functin, such as MRI machines. Sft rbts are f particular interest because they easily adapt t their envirnment and perate safely near humans.
Mst sft rbts are pwered by air and are cntrlled by electrnic circuits. But this apprach requires cmplex cmpnents like circuit bards, valves (閥門) and pumps—ften utside the rbt's bdy. These Cmpnents, which make up the rbt's brain and nervus system, are typically large and expensive. By cntrast, the UC San Dieg rbt is cntrlled by a lightweight, lw-cst system f air-pwered circuits, made up f tubes and sft valves, n bard the rbt itself. The rbt can walk n cmmand r in respnse t signals it senses frm the envirnment.
“With ur apprach, yu culd make a very cmplex rbtic Brain，” said Tlley, the study's senir authr. “Our fcus here was t make the simplest air-pwered nervus system needed t cntrl walking.”
In the future, researchers want t imprve the rbt's ways t walk s it can walk n natural fields and uneven surfaces. This wuld allw the rbt t navigate ver a variety f bstacles (障礙). This wuld require a mre cmplicated netwrk f sensrs and as a result a mre cmplex air-pwered system. The team will als lk at hw the technlgy culd be used t create rbts, which are in part cntrlled by air-pwered circuits fr sme functins, such as walking.
12．What is the achievement f the team's study?
A．Their rbts can walk a huge step.
B．Their rbts wrk fllwing cmmands.
C．Their study gets their electrnics fr free.
D．They find a new technique in walking rbts.
13．What can the team's rbts be applied t frm the passage?
A．Ty cmpanies' prducts.
B．Envirnmental prtectin.
C．Human safety.
D．Factries withut wrkers.
14．What will the researchers prbably d?
A．Change the way f pwer.
B. Help rbts walk as humans.
C．Imprve rbts t avid bstacles.
D. Build a netwrk t cntrl rbts.
15．What is the passage mainly talking abut?
A．The intrductin t electrnics-free walking rbts.
B．The functins f newly-develped rbts.
C．The applicatins f sft walking rbts.
D．The ways t imprve traditinal rbts.
第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分)
閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
[2022·山西名校測評(píng)]Will yu raise yur hands t speak actively, r d yu just remain a quiet listener in class? It's nt unusual fr teens t avid answering questins in frnt f thers because they are t shy r t afraid f being mistaken. Smetimes, hwever, a lack f self-cnfidence can arise frm feelings f insecurity. __1__. But remember it's a nrmal feeling that yu can and shuld change!
__2__．
If yu have a fear that peple will see yur shrtcmings, yu will find it difficult t assert yurself. In building self-cnfidence, yur first gal is t develp a realistic understanding f yur strengths and weaknesses. Yu'll have t take a tugh first step and lk inside yurself.
Celebrate yur strengths.
It's nt sufficient t identify yur weaknesses r yur prblem areas. __3__. Yu can get dwn t ding this by making a big list f things yu have accmplished and the things yu d well. Have yu ever spared the time t explre yur strengths? Yu were brn with sme natural talent, whether yu have discvered it r nt. Are yu artistic? Can yu rganize things? D yu navigate well? If yu can d any f them well, yu have traits t cherish!
Change yur behaviur.
__4__， which will help yu fight ff feelings f negativity. Exercise and get enugh sleep. Cmpliment thers n their strengths and yu will find that ther peple will return the favur and cmpliment yu give. All these behaviural traits imprve ur mds.
Use a third persn apprach.
There is an interesting study that shws that there may be a trick t meet ur behaviural gals mre quickly. The trick? __5__， r when yu g thrugh the prcess f enhancing yur self-image and building up yur self-cnfidence.
A．Yu als have great aspects abut yurself that yu are suppsed t explre
B．Smetimes we have awful feelings abut urselves and we ften bury them deep inside
C．Understand the cause fr yur lack f self-cnfidence
D．Think f yurself as smene else as yu evaluate yur prgress
E．But it is healthy t rt ut smething hidden deep inside and wrk thrugh it
F．Never lse faith in yur wn strengths and ptential
G．Yu can increase self-cnfidence by adjusting yurself, such as smiling mre
課下天天練(三十六) 40分閱讀提分練
第一節(jié)
A
語篇類型：應(yīng)用文 主題語境：人與社會(huì)——廣告——志愿者招募廣告
【語篇解讀】 本文主要介紹了幾個(gè)志愿者工作——教育助理、沼澤助理、研究助理和水族館助理。
1．答案與解析：A 考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)Educatin Assistant部分中的“Assist educatin staff with everyday schl wrk”可知，教育助理需要協(xié)助教職工做好學(xué)校的日常工作，故A項(xiàng)正確。
2．答案與解析：D 考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)Aquaria (水族館) Assistant部分中的“Prvide care the weekend”可知，水族館助理需要在周末上班，故適合工作日較忙的人，所以D項(xiàng)正確。
3．答案與解析：C 考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第一段中的“Vlunteers are a vital part f ur missin f prviding high-quality envirnmental educatinal prgrammes”可知，志愿者需要關(guān)愛環(huán)境，故C項(xiàng)正確。
B
語篇類型：記敘文 主題語境：人與社會(huì)——人際關(guān)系——為年邁的父母讀書
【語篇解讀】 Linda的父親即將進(jìn)行心臟病手術(shù)，可是她和父親的交流很令人沮喪。之后她開始為父親讀書，這改變了氛圍，緩和了父女倆的關(guān)系。其實(shí)，給年邁的父母讀書會(huì)給雙方都帶來樂趣。
4．答案與解析：A 考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第一段中的“Reading with her father”可知，閱讀成了Linda和她的父親之間建立親密關(guān)系的一種方式，故A項(xiàng)正確。
5．答案與解析：B 考查理解段落主旨要義的能力。通讀第二段可知，該段第一句為主旨句，再結(jié)合該段尾句“In truth, almst any kind f be beneficial”可知，該段主要陳述了給其他人閱讀的好處，故B項(xiàng)正確。
6．答案與解析：A 考查推斷的能力。根據(jù)第三段第一句可知，給他人閱讀的一方也會(huì)有所收獲；根據(jù)第三段尾句可知，能夠給父母讀他們的人生經(jīng)歷對(duì)他來說也是一件幸事。據(jù)此可以判斷，不僅僅是傾聽者，讀的一方也能從閱讀中獲益。故A項(xiàng)正確。
7．答案與解析：C 考查理解觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度的能力。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Readers get rewards t”可知，讀的一方在閱讀時(shí)會(huì)得到回報(bào)；再根據(jù)尾段尾句中的“the jy f it”可知，為年邁的人閱讀會(huì)令人愉快，故C項(xiàng)正確。
C
語篇類型：說明文 主題語境：人與社會(huì)——研究發(fā)現(xiàn)——微塑料威脅人類健康
【語篇解讀】 沒有人想以塑料為食，但微塑料——塑料的微小顆?！蚱潴w積小、形式多樣，已經(jīng)深深地滲入到我們生活中的各個(gè)方面。研究表明，微塑料會(huì)破壞細(xì)胞、造成壓力。對(duì)待微塑料問題，應(yīng)從源頭做徹底的調(diào)整，不能完全禁止。與此同時(shí)，還要提高公眾健康意識(shí)，犧牲微塑料給人類生活帶來的便利性。
8．答案與解析：C 考查理解段落主旨要義的能力。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容尤其是“The first clue t micrplastic expsure”可知，微塑料已經(jīng)滲入到我們的體內(nèi)，例如：海產(chǎn)品、啤酒、蜂蜜、食鹽、呼吸的空氣、飲料等。故第二段主要告知我們?nèi)祟惤佑|微塑料的情況很顯著。故C項(xiàng)正確。
9．答案與解析：C 考查理解詞匯的能力。前兩段講述微塑料已經(jīng)滲入到我們的體內(nèi)，存在形式多樣，在人類生活中幾乎無處不在，再結(jié)合全文講微塑料和健康的關(guān)系可推知，畫線詞所在句應(yīng)是，關(guān)于微塑料和人類健康的關(guān)系的證據(jù)越來越多。故C項(xiàng)正確。
10．答案與解析：D 考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第五段尾句可知，Sctt認(rèn)為，人們應(yīng)該犧牲因便利而使用的塑料，但要讓人們相信這一點(diǎn)，需要做很多工作。即要解決這個(gè)問題，需要提高人們關(guān)于微塑料帶給人們的傷害的意識(shí)。故D項(xiàng)正確。
11．答案與解析：A 考查理解文章主旨要義的能力。本文主要講述微塑料已經(jīng)滲入到我們生活中的各個(gè)方面，危害著我們的健康。故可用“微塑料污染危害我們的健康嗎？”作本文的標(biāo)題。故A項(xiàng)正確。
【方法指導(dǎo)】本題可采用排除法和倒推法選出答案。B項(xiàng)“為什么微塑料污染無處不在？”；C項(xiàng)“為什么塑料有害？”；本文主要講的不是原因，故排除B和C。若D項(xiàng)“關(guān)于微塑料你了解什么？”正確，那么，文中極有可能涉及微塑料的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，畢竟萬物皆有兩面性，但本文無任何介紹其優(yōu)點(diǎn)的信息，故D項(xiàng)不選。
D
語篇類型：說明文 主題語境：人與社會(huì)——科學(xué)與技術(shù)——行走機(jī)器人新技術(shù)及其應(yīng)用
【語篇解讀】 加州大學(xué)圣地亞哥分校研發(fā)的機(jī)器人由一個(gè)重量輕、成本低的空氣動(dòng)力電路系統(tǒng)控制，可應(yīng)用在多種操作環(huán)境中，如玩具、核磁共振成像機(jī)器等。本文重點(diǎn)介紹了有關(guān)該機(jī)器人的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容。
12．答案與解析：D 考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第一段中的“details its findings in the Feb. 17, 2021 issue”和第二段中的“‘This wrk represents a fundamental... electrnics-free walking rbts’”可知，研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)了行走機(jī)器人的新技術(shù)，該技術(shù)代表了行走機(jī)器人邁向全自動(dòng)、無電子行走的重要一步。故D項(xiàng)正確。
13．答案與解析：A 考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第三段第一句中的“Applicatins include lw-cst rbts fr entertainment, such as tys”可知，該技術(shù)可以用于低成本的娛樂機(jī)器人，如玩具等。據(jù)此可知，該技術(shù)可以用于玩具公司的產(chǎn)品，故A項(xiàng)正確。
14．答案與解析：C 考查推斷的能力。根據(jù)尾段前兩句“In the future... walk n natural fields and uneven surfaces... bstacles(障礙)”可知，研究人員希望將來改進(jìn)機(jī)器人的行走方式，以使其能夠在自然場地和凹凸不平的表面上行走，這會(huì)讓機(jī)器人翻越障礙物。據(jù)此可以推知，未來研究人員將改進(jìn)機(jī)器人以避免撞到障礙物。故C項(xiàng)正確。
15．答案與解析：A 考查理解主旨要義的能力。通讀全文可知，文章第二段闡述了全文的主旨。結(jié)合下文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了行走機(jī)器人的新技術(shù)及其應(yīng)用，故A項(xiàng)正確。
第二節(jié)
語篇類型：說明文 主題語境：人與自我——完善自我——增強(qiáng)自信心
【語篇解讀】 對(duì)青少年來說，在別人面前避免回答問題并不罕見，因?yàn)樗麄兲π呋蛱ε鲁鲥e(cuò)。有些時(shí)候，缺乏自信可能源于沒有安全感。本文介紹了從自身做起，做出一些改變，從而增強(qiáng)自信的方法。
1．答案與解析：B 考查上下文銜接。空后一句指出這是一種你能夠且應(yīng)該改變的正常情緒，結(jié)合語境可知，此處應(yīng)說明缺乏自信心可能對(duì)你產(chǎn)生的影響，故B項(xiàng)符合語境。
2．答案與解析：C 考查段落小標(biāo)題。本段第一句提到如果你擔(dān)心人們會(huì)看到你的缺點(diǎn)，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)很難堅(jiān)定地表達(dá)自己的意見，本段后兩句介紹了針對(duì)這種情況建立自信的第一步——審視自我。由此可知，本段與理解缺乏自信的原因有關(guān)，故C項(xiàng)符合語境。
3．答案與解析：A 考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)本段的小標(biāo)題可知，此段主旨是為你的優(yōu)點(diǎn)喝彩。根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“認(rèn)識(shí)到你的缺點(diǎn)或是問題所在還不夠”和空后敘述的探索你自己的優(yōu)點(diǎn)可知，A項(xiàng)符合語境。
4．答案與解析：G 考查上下文銜接。本段主要列舉了改變自身行為的一些做法。而G項(xiàng)內(nèi)容“你可以通過調(diào)整自己例如多微笑等來增強(qiáng)自信”，與下文中的“鍛煉并獲得足夠睡眠”以及“贊賞別人的優(yōu)點(diǎn)”都屬于具體的做法，故G項(xiàng)符合語境。
5．答案與解析：D 考查上下文銜接。結(jié)合本段的小標(biāo)題可知本段主要講了用第三者的角度來看待問題。D項(xiàng)中的“smene else”與本段小標(biāo)題中的“a third persn”相呼應(yīng)，故D項(xiàng)符合語境。

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