課下天天練(六)　閱讀語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用組合練姓名________　班級(jí)________　考號(hào)________　時(shí)間：45分鐘  Ⅰ.閱讀理解A[2022·長(zhǎng)春市高三模擬]The history of microbiology begins with a Dutch cloth maker named Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, a man of no formal scientific education. In the late 1，600s, Leeuwenhoek, inspired by the magnifying lenses (放大鏡) he used to examine cloth, built some of the first microscopes. He developed a technique to improve the quality of tiny, rounded lenses, some of which could magnify an object up to 270 times. After removing some plaque from between his teeth and examining it under a lens, Leeuwenhoek found tiny twisting creatures, which he called “animalcules”．His observations, which he reported to the Royal Society of London, are among the first descriptions of microbes (微生物).  Leeuwenhoek discovered an entire universe invisible to the human eye. He found different microbes in samples of pond water, rainwater, and human blood. He gave the first description of red blood cells, observed plant tissue, examined muscle, and investigated the life cycle of insects.Nearly two hundred years later, Leeuwenhoek's discovery of microbes helped French chemist and biologist Louis Pasteur to develop his “theory of disease”. This concept suggested that disease originates from tiny organisms attacking and weakening the body. Pasteur's theory later helped doctors to fight infectious diseases including anthrax, diphtheria, polio, smallpox, tetanus, and typhoid. All these breakthroughs were the result of Leeuwenhoek's original work. Leeuwenhoek did not foresee this__legacy．In a 1716 letter, he described his contribution to science this way: “My work, which I've done for a long time, was not pursued in order to gain the praise I now enjoy, but chiefly from a strong desire for knowledge, which I notice resides in me more than in most other men. And therefore, whenever I found out anything remarkable, I thought it was my duty to put down my discovery on paper, so that the scientific community might be informed.”1．Which of the following best describes Leeuwenhoek?A．A trained researcher with an interest in microbiology.B．A curious amateur who made pioneering studies of microbes.C．A talented scientist interested in finding a cure for disease.D．A bored cloth maker who accidentally made a major discovery.2．The underlined phrase “this legacy” in Paragraph 3 refers to ________．A．the discovery of microbesB．Pasteur's theory of diseaseC．Leeuwenhoek's contributionD．the origin of the tiny organism3．What does the quote from Leeuwenhoek's letter suggest?A．He admitted that many of his discoveries happened by chance.B．He considered his work to be central to later medical breakthroughs.C．He was greatly concerned with improving people's living conditions.D．He believed the sharing of knowledge was a key to scientific progress.4．What is the correct order for the following events?a．Magnifying lenses were built.b．The “theory of disease” was put forward.c．Microbes were discovered in samples of water.d．Leeuwenhoek's first microscopes were successfully developed.e．Leeuwenhoek explained his thoughts upon his own contribution.A．a-d-c-e-b.    B．d-a-c-e-b.C．a-c-d-b-e.    D．d-a-e-b-c.B[2022·唐山市二模]A 293-million-mile journey of the NASA Perseverance rover (探測(cè)器) to Mars ended successfully on February 18, 2021, with a picture-perfect landing inside the Jezero Crater. The car-sized, six-wheeled rover, nicknamed Percy, is the US space agency's biggest and most advanced explorer to date. Its primary mission is to search for signs of ancient microbial (微生物的) life on Mars.Landing on Mars is extremely tricky. The Red Planet's gravitational (引力的) pull causes approaching spacecraft to go faster to high speeds, while its thin atmosphere—just 1 percent that of Earth's—does little to help slow it down as it approaches the surface.The scientists had to reduce Percy's 12，000 mph speed to a safe landing speed of less than five mph—in just six and a half minutes. The target entry angle also had to be a precise 12 degrees—any steeper, and the spacecraft would burn up; any flatter, and it would get lost in space. It is no wonder that the final approach is often referred to as the “seven minutes of terror”．Upon attaining a manageable speed, Percy briefly flew over the Martian surface to seek out the perfect landing spot. Its complex map-reading system rapidly scanned the area and matched it with maps in its database to find the best location.The NASA scientists will spend the next two months testing Percy's scientific instruments. Once ready, the rover will begin to carry out its mission.“Perseverance is the smartest robot ever made, but confirming that microbial life once existed carries an unusually large burden of proof，” said Lori Glaze, director of NASA's Planetary Science Division. “While we'll learn a lot with the great instruments we have aboard the rover, it may very well require the far more well-equipped laboratories and delicate instruments back here on Earth to tell us whether our samples (樣本) carry evidence that Mars once harbored life.”5．What is the extraordinary challenge for the rover to land on Mars?A．The speed reduction.B．The atmosphere analysis.C．The location search.D．The time management.6．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?A．Ways to find the precise entry angle.B．Consequences of wrong entry degree.C．Factors to survive “the seven minutes”．D．Reasons for the necessity of speed reducing.7．What does “it” refer to in Paragraph 4?A．The spot.    B．The area.C．The system.    D．The surface.8．What can be inferred from Lori Glaze's words?A.Instruments aboard the rover are not quite reliable.B．Perseverance is able to collect enough evidence needed.C．Man still has a long way to go to prove life was on Mars.D．Samples of Mars will be returned soon to our labs on the Earth.Ⅱ.七選五[2022·煙臺(tái)市診斷性測(cè)試]Earth Hour is organized by the World Wide Fund for Nature. It's a big event usually at the end of March every year. On this evening, people “go dark”． __1__It's true that turning off lights for just one hour saves only a small amount of power. __2__ On one level, joining in Earth Hour makes people think about the problem of climate change and what we can do in everyday life to protect nature.But on another level, a large number of people's acting together sends a powerful message to governments and companies. __3__ They begin considering green issues when making big decisions.The logo (標(biāo)識(shí)) of Earth Hour is “60 ＋”. The number 60 is for the 60 minutes of Earth Hour. __4__ In fact, people who join in Earth Hour say that taking part makes them want to do more for the environment.__5__ Musicians give concerts by playing acoustic (原聲的) instruments instead of electric ones, and using candles instead of electric lights. Celebrity chefs have created special recipes for families to prepare and eat by candlelight. Tree-planting sessions, group walks and runs are also among the options.A．But this is only the beginning.  B．Earth Hour represents every hour of every day.C．After all, everyone has to answer for what they have done.D．Besides turning off the lights, people get involved in other events.E．It pushes them to take urgent measures by making changes to policies.F．That is, they switch off all unnecessary lights at the same time for one hour.G．The plus invites people to continue their action even after Earth Hour is finished.Ⅲ.完形填空[2022·河南省名校聯(lián)盟模擬]On my 61st birthday, my husband planned a special treat for me. He __1__ how much I love being high in the air. He drove me to a  __2__ field in Jamul where I soon learned I'd be skydiving.As several other people and I climbed into the jumpsuits, the instructor told us not to __3__ if our main parachute (降落傘) fails to open since we have a  __4__ parachute controlled by a computer.Before I knew it, I was __5__ a small plane with the others. As the plane neared the drop spot, my instructor  __6__ himself to me, and we inched our way toward the open door. With no  __7__ to rethink what I was doing, we were out of the plane and falling through the air. I was flying freely like a bird through the sky. The only  __8__ was that I had a man lying on my back. I looked around and  __9__ the view spread out below me. How  __10__！As we got closer to the ground, my instructor said, “Okay, we're ready to land. Bring your __11__ up.”We hit the ground, and it didn't take long to __12__ why my knees needed to be lifted high. My feet touched the land before the instructor's did, and I  __13__ face-first onto the dirt with him spread-eagle on top of me.The instructor __14__ unhooked (解開(kāi)) himself from me, stood up, and offered his hand to help me up. I lay there for a while, very  __15__. I knew I needed to stand up.  __16__， my knees and arms were hurting. Slowly, I rose,  __17__ the dirt off my face, and limped (一瘸一拐地走) toward the restroom.Once inside the ladies' room, the aging woman in the __18__ who looked back at me had a smile of  __19__ on her face. After all, I'd just jumped out of an airplane and flown through the air—my greatest high-flying  __20__ of my life！, 1．A.admitted    B．knew   C．wondered    D．guaranteed2．A.deep    B．rich   C．dry    D．wide3．A.panic    B．escape   C．hesitate    D．quit4．A.useful    B．modern   C．spare    D．flexible5．A.sharing    B．boarding   C．visiting    D．piloting6．A.attached    B．offered   C．drove    D．introduced7．A.courage    B．intention   C．need    D．time8．A.challenge    B．difference   C．treatment    D．dilemma9．A.admired    B．judged   C．sought    D．remembered10．A.realistic    B．significant   C．beautiful    D．primitive11．A.arms    B．knees   C．hands    D．feet12．A.give out    B．point out   C．bring out    D．find out13．A.fell    B．bent   C．walked    D．jumped14．A.unexpectedly    B．unwillingly   C．abruptly    D．quickly15．A.excited    B．confused   C．embarrassed    D．disappointed16．A.However    B．Besides   C．Instead    D．Therefore17．A.moved    B．pulled   C．brushed    D．washed18．A.poster    B．mirror   C．picture    D．cupboard19．A.regret    B．comfort   C．welcome    D．delight20．A.dream    B．lesson   C．experience    D．trialⅣ.語(yǔ)法填空[2022·海口市調(diào)研考試]A few weeks ago I was out with my family at the opening of a new playground in our community. The advertisements were put up,  1.________ (state) there would be coffee available and activities for children, and I was convinced that it was a good idea for us to attend. So after we settled in, and found a place for the kids 2.________ (play) in, I headed over to the coffee station. I 3.________ (break) my reusable coffee cup several days before, 4.________ I knocked off a table onto a hard floor, so I didn't have anything with me. Feeling 5.________(guilt) that I might need to use a throwaway cup, I was delighted to see they were using good old ceramic (陶瓷器) coffee cups that are 6.________ (rare) seen today. It looked like they searched the cupboards and grabbed every cup they could find. After we finished, the cups went into a big container where they would 7.________ (wash) later. What a fantastic way of solving the problem of reusable cups! Yes, there is the washing to do after, but, 8.________ any plastic or paper waste being created, it is worthwhile. 9.________ is great to see a local council leading the way in a significant 10.________ (reduce) of waste.課下天天練（六）　閱讀語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用組合練Ⅰ.閱讀理解A語(yǔ)篇類型：記敘文　主題語(yǔ)境：人與自我——人物故事——Antonie van Leeuwenhoek與微生物學(xué)【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文主要介紹了微生物研究的先驅(qū)者Antonie van Leeuwenhoek為微生物所做的貢獻(xiàn)及他對(duì)自己所做的貢獻(xiàn)的看法。1．答案與解析：B　考查推斷的能力。根據(jù)第一段的第一句可知，Leeuwenhoek沒(méi)有接受過(guò)正式的科學(xué)教育；再根據(jù)第一、二段的內(nèi)容可知，Leeuwenhoek制造研究工具去探索微生物世界，他的觀察結(jié)果是對(duì)微生物最早的描述之一；綜上所述，Leeuwenhoek是一個(gè)充滿好奇心的業(yè)余愛(ài)好者，他做出了開(kāi)創(chuàng)性的微生物研究。故選B項(xiàng)。2．答案與解析：C　考查理解詞匯的能力。根據(jù)畫(huà)線詞語(yǔ)前面提到的“所有的這些突破都是Leeuwenhoek原先工作成果的結(jié)果”可推知，畫(huà)線詞語(yǔ)所在句表示“Leeuwenhoek沒(méi)有預(yù)見(jiàn)到他所做的貢獻(xiàn)”，故選C項(xiàng)。3．答案與解析：D　考查推斷的能力。根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句可知，Leeuwenhoek認(rèn)為把他的發(fā)現(xiàn)記錄下來(lái)是他的義務(wù)，這樣科學(xué)界才可能對(duì)這些發(fā)現(xiàn)有所了解，由此可推知，他認(rèn)為分享知識(shí)是科學(xué)進(jìn)步的關(guān)鍵，故選D項(xiàng)。4．答案與解析：A　考查理解具體信息的能力。瀏覽全文，根據(jù)第一和第二段可知，Leeuwenhoek從放大鏡上獲得靈感制造了顯微鏡，再發(fā)現(xiàn)了微生物。根據(jù)第三段第一句可知，在Leeuwenhoek發(fā)現(xiàn)微生物兩百年后，即大約19世紀(jì)后半葉，一種疾病理論被提出。由最后一段可知，他闡述對(duì)自己所做的貢獻(xiàn)的看法的信是在1716年寫(xiě)的。故選A項(xiàng)。B語(yǔ)篇類型：說(shuō)明文　主題語(yǔ)境：人與社會(huì)——科學(xué)與技術(shù)——“毅力號(hào)”探測(cè)器成功登陸火星【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文主要介紹了“毅力號(hào)”探測(cè)器的主要任務(wù)，以及其登陸火星過(guò)程中的情況。5．答案與解析：A　考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第二段可知，火星引力會(huì)使得接近火星的航天器更快速行進(jìn)，并且火星稀薄的大氣層對(duì)減緩航天器的速度幾乎沒(méi)有幫助，故減速是“毅力號(hào)”探測(cè)器登陸火星的特別挑戰(zhàn)。6．答案與解析：C　考查理解段落主旨要義的能力。通讀第三段內(nèi)容可知，該段尾句“It is no wonder that the final approach is often referred to as the ‘seven minutes of terror’”為本段總結(jié)句，再結(jié)合該段上文可知，該段主要介紹了“七分鐘內(nèi)生存下來(lái)的因素”：降低速度，精確的切入角度，故C項(xiàng)正確。7．答案與解析：B　考查理解詞匯的能力。分析第四段尾句句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，it的指代對(duì)象為map-reading system或the area。再結(jié)合句意“其復(fù)雜的地圖讀取系統(tǒng)快速掃描該地區(qū)，并將其與數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中的地圖進(jìn)行匹配，以找到最佳位置”可知，it指代該句中的“the area”，故B項(xiàng)正確。8．答案與解析：C　考查推理的能力。根據(jù)尾段可知，確認(rèn)火星曾經(jīng)存在過(guò)微生物需要大量的證據(jù)而攜帶這些證據(jù)的樣本又需要裝備齊全的實(shí)驗(yàn)室以及將精密儀器送回地球才能進(jìn)行分析。據(jù)此可推知，人類要證明火星上曾有生命還有很長(zhǎng)的路要走，故C項(xiàng)正確。Ⅱ.七選五語(yǔ)篇類型：說(shuō)明文　主題語(yǔ)境：人與自然——保護(hù)地球——“地球一小時(shí)”活動(dòng)【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　文章主要介紹了由世界自然基金會(huì)組織的“地球一小時(shí)”活動(dòng)的具體做法及意義。1．答案與解析：F　空格前講地球一小時(shí)是每年三月底的一件大事。當(dāng)天晚上，人們要“經(jīng)歷黑暗”。F項(xiàng)“也就是說(shuō)，他們將在同一時(shí)間關(guān)掉所有不必要的燈一小時(shí)”承接上文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選F。2．答案與解析：A　空格前講的確，僅關(guān)燈一小時(shí)只會(huì)節(jié)省少量的電能；空格后講一方面，加入地球一小時(shí)（活動(dòng)）讓人們思考?xì)夂蜃兓膯?wèn)題，以及我們?cè)谌粘Ｉ钪锌梢宰鲂┦裁磥?lái)保護(hù)自然。A項(xiàng)“但這只是開(kāi)始”承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。3．答案與解析：E　空格前講但另一方面，大量民眾的共同行動(dòng)向政府和企業(yè)發(fā)出了一個(gè)很強(qiáng)的信號(hào)；空格后講當(dāng)他們?cè)谧鲋卮鬀Q策時(shí)開(kāi)始考慮環(huán)保問(wèn)題。E項(xiàng)“它（這個(gè)信號(hào)）促使他們通過(guò)改變政策來(lái)采取緊急措施”承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境。故選E。4．答案與解析：G　空格前講地球一小時(shí)的標(biāo)識(shí)是“60＋”。數(shù)字60表示60分鐘；空格后講事實(shí)上，參加此活動(dòng)的人想為環(huán)保做更多的事情。G項(xiàng)“這個(gè)加號(hào)邀請(qǐng)人們?cè)诘厍蛞恍r(shí)（活動(dòng)）結(jié)束后繼續(xù)他們的（環(huán)保）行動(dòng)”承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境。故選G。5．答案與解析：D　空格后講音樂(lè)家利用原聲樂(lè)器而不是電子樂(lè)器、使用蠟燭而不是電燈開(kāi)音樂(lè)會(huì)。名廚為家庭創(chuàng)作了在燭光下享用的特別食譜。植樹(shù)、集體散步和跑步也是其中的選擇。D項(xiàng)“除了關(guān)燈以外，人們參與了其他的（環(huán)保）活動(dòng)”引出下文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。【長(zhǎng)難句分析】On one level, joining in Earth Hour makes people think about the problem of climate change and what we can do in everyday life to protect nature.（第二段第三句）分析：本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)joining in Earth Hour作主語(yǔ)；think about 作 makes 的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)；what 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句；動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ) to protect nature 作目的狀語(yǔ)。譯文：一方面，加入地球一小時(shí)（活動(dòng)）讓人們思考?xì)夂蜃兓膯?wèn)題，以及我們?cè)谌粘Ｉ钪锌梢宰鲂┦裁磥?lái)保護(hù)自然。詞匯積累：celebrity n. 名人　recipe n. 食譜　option n. 選擇Ⅲ.完形填空語(yǔ)篇類型：記敘文　主題語(yǔ)境：人與自我——旅游——一次高空飛行經(jīng)歷【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　主要講的是作者的一次高空飛行經(jīng)歷。1．答案與解析：B　由上文的“my husband planned a special treat for me”可知，我丈夫知道我有多喜歡在高空，故選B。2．答案與解析：D　句意：他開(kāi)車帶我去了賈穆?tīng)柕囊黄瑥V闊的田野，我很快就知道我要去跳傘。 由“where I soon learned I'd be skydiving”可知，我要去跳傘，肯定是廣闊的田野，故選D。3．答案與解析：A　句意：當(dāng)我和其他幾個(gè)人爬進(jìn)跳傘服時(shí)，教練告訴我們，如果主降落傘打不開(kāi)不要驚慌，因?yàn)槲覀冇幸粋€(gè)備用的降落傘由電腦控制。 由“since we have a 　4　 parachute controlled by a computer.”可知，教練是叫我們?nèi)绻鹘德鋫愦虿婚_(kāi)不要驚慌，因?yàn)橛幸粋€(gè)備用的降落傘由電腦控制，故選A。4．答案與解析：C　句意：當(dāng)我和其他幾個(gè)人爬進(jìn)跳傘服時(shí)，教練告訴我們，如果主降落傘打不開(kāi)不要驚慌，因?yàn)槲覀冇幸粋€(gè)備用的降落傘由電腦控制。教練叫我們?nèi)绻鹘德鋫愦虿婚_(kāi)不要驚慌，由此推知有備用的降落傘，因此空格處為“備用的”，故選C。5．答案與解析：B　句意：我還沒(méi)反應(yīng)過(guò)來(lái)，就和其他人一起登上了一架小飛機(jī)。 由“a small plane with the others”可知，我是和其他人一起登上了一架小飛機(jī)，因此空格處為“上飛機(jī)”，故選B。6．答案與解析：A　句意：當(dāng)飛機(jī)接近降落點(diǎn)時(shí)，我的指導(dǎo)員把自己綁在我身上，我們慢慢地向敞開(kāi)的艙門走去。 由常識(shí)和“we inched our way toward the open door”可知，我們一起向敞開(kāi)的艙門走去，由此推知指導(dǎo)員把自己綁在我身上，空格處為 “使依附”。且下文的“The instructor 　14　 unhooked（解開(kāi)）himself from me”也是提示。 7．答案與解析：D　句意：沒(méi)有時(shí)間重新思考我在做什么，我們離開(kāi)了飛機(jī)，從空中墜落。 由“rethink what I was doing”可知，沒(méi)有時(shí)間重新思考我在做什么，故選D。8．答案與解析：B　句意：唯一的區(qū)別是有個(gè)男人躺在我的背上。 由上文的“I was flying freely like a bird through the sky”和“I had a man lying on my back”可知，我感覺(jué)自己像只鳥(niǎo)在飛，但是和鳥(niǎo)的區(qū)別在于有個(gè)男人躺在我的背上，因此空格處為 “區(qū)別”，故選B。9．答案與解析：A　句意：我環(huán)顧四周，欣賞著下面展開(kāi)的景色。 由后面的“the view”可知，此處表示在空中“欣賞”風(fēng)景，故選A。10．答案與解析：C　由“　9　 the view spread out below me”可知，從上往下所看到的景色應(yīng)該是很美的，故選C。11．答案與解析：B　由下一段的“why my knees needed to be lifted high”可知，快著陸的時(shí)候應(yīng)該是要抬起膝蓋，故選B。12．答案與解析：D　句意：我們撞到了地面，沒(méi)過(guò)多久我就明白了為什么我的膝蓋需要被抬得很高。 由后文的“My feet touched the land before the instructor's did, and I 　13　 face-first onto the dirt with him spread-eagle on top of me”可知，此處表示“我明白了為什么我的膝蓋需要被抬得很高”，因此空格處為“明白”，故選D。13．答案與解析：A　句意：我的腳比教練先著地，我臉朝下倒在地上，他在我身上手腳伸展開(kāi)。 由“face-first onto the dirt”可知，我是臉朝下倒在地上，因此空格處為“跌倒”，故選A。14．答案與解析：D　句意：教練迅速?gòu)奈疑砩蠏昝摮鰜?lái)，站了起來(lái)，伸出手來(lái)扶我起來(lái)。 由“unhooked （解開(kāi)） himself from me, stood up, and offered his hand to help me up”可知，教練看見(jiàn)我跌倒了，那肯定是迅速?gòu)奈疑砩蠏昝摮鰜?lái)，站了起來(lái)，伸出手來(lái)扶我起來(lái)，因此空格處為 “迅速地”，故選D。15．答案與解析：C　句意：我在那里躺了一會(huì)兒，非常尷尬。 由“I lay there for a while”可知，我摔倒了，應(yīng)該是覺(jué)得尷尬，故選C。16．答案與解析：A　由空格前的“I knew I needed to stand up”和后面的“my knees and arms were hurting”可知，我知道我需要站起來(lái)，但是我的膝蓋和手臂都很疼，因此空格處用表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞however，故選A。17．答案與解析：C　句意：我慢慢地站起來(lái)，撣去臉上的灰塵，一瘸一拐地走向洗手間。 由“the dirt off my face”可知，我是用手輕輕拭去臉上的灰塵，故選C。18．答案與解析：B　句意：一進(jìn)女廁所，鏡子里那個(gè)回看我的上了年紀(jì)的女人臉上露出了喜悅的微笑。 由“l(fā)ooked back at me”可知，我在照鏡子，回看我的人就是我自己，故選B。19．答案與解析：D　句意：一進(jìn)女廁所，鏡子里那個(gè)回看我的上了年紀(jì)的女人臉上露出了喜悅的微笑。 由“I'd just jumped out of an airplane and flown through the air”可知，我剛剛從飛機(jī)上跳下來(lái)，在空中飛行，這是讓人高興的事情，因此空格處為 “高興”，故選D。20．答案與解析：C　句意：畢竟，我剛剛從飛機(jī)上跳下來(lái)，在空中飛行——我一生中最偉大的高空飛行經(jīng)歷！ 根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，這是我一生中最偉大的高空飛行經(jīng)歷，故選C。Ⅳ.語(yǔ)法填空語(yǔ)篇類型：記敘文　主題語(yǔ)境：人與自我——個(gè)人經(jīng)歷——喝咖啡的經(jīng)歷【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　作者講述了自己在一家新開(kāi)的咖啡站喝咖啡的經(jīng)歷。作者非常高興能使用這家咖啡站提供的陶瓷咖啡杯，因?yàn)檫@有助于環(huán)保節(jié)能。1．答案與解析：stating　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。由“The advertisements were put up”可知，此處應(yīng)作非謂語(yǔ)，再由advertisements與state的主動(dòng)關(guān)系可知，此處用所給詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。2．答案與解析：to play　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。由關(guān)鍵詞for可知此處考查for sb. to do結(jié)構(gòu)，故用不定式。3．答案與解析：had broken　考查時(shí)態(tài)。由before以及第一段的語(yǔ)境可知，這是在動(dòng)身去咖啡站之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，故應(yīng)為“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，所以用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。4．答案與解析：which　考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，空處在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，故用which。5．答案與解析：guilty　考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。由動(dòng)詞feel可知，此處需要形容詞作表語(yǔ)，故用guilty。6．答案與解析：rarely　考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用副詞，故用rarely。7．答案與解析：be washed　考查語(yǔ)態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，在where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，此處需要謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，they與動(dòng)詞wash之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用be washed。8．答案與解析：without　考查介詞。此處是講使用“old ceramic （陶瓷的） coffee cups”的好處，表示不產(chǎn)生任何塑料或紙垃圾，因此此處用without。9．答案與解析：It　考查代詞。此處It指代后面的不定式to see a local council... waste作形式主語(yǔ)，避免頭重腳輕的問(wèn)題。10．答案與解析：reduction　考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。此處名詞作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，故用reduce的名詞形式reduction。 

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