高考英語(yǔ)全程考評(píng) 特訓(xùn)卷課下天天練十六含解析-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

課下天天練(十六)　閱讀語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用組合練姓名________　班級(jí)________　考號(hào)________　時(shí)間：45分鐘Ⅰ.閱讀理解A[2022·濟(jì)南外國(guó)語(yǔ)模擬]Joseph Francis Charles Rock (1884－1962) was an Austrian-American explorer, botanist, and anthropologist (人類學(xué)家). For more than 25 years, he travelled extensively through Tibet and Yunnan, Gansu, and Sichuan provinces in China before finally leaving in 1949.In 1924, Harvard sent Joseph Francis Rock on a treasure hunt through China's southwestern provinces—the Wild West of their day. But gold and silver weren't his task: Rock, a distinguished botanist, sought only to fill his bags with all the seeds, saplings, and shrubs he could find. During his three-year expedition, he collected 20，000 specimens for the Arnold Arboretum (阿諾德植物園).Botany, though, was just one of Rock's strengths. As an ethnologist (民族學(xué)者), he took hundreds of photographs of the Naxi, a tribe in Yunnan Province, recording their now-lost way of life for both Harvard and National Geographic, and took notes for an eventual 500-page dictionary of their language. His hand-drawn map of his travels through China's “Cho-Ni” territory, in the Harvard Map Collection, includes more than a thousand rivers, towns, and mountains indicated in both English and Chinese, and was so well made that the U．S. government used it to plan aerial missions in World War Ⅱ.Scientist, linguist, cartographer, photographer, writer—Rock was not a wallflower in any sense. Arrogant and self-possessed, he would walk into a village or warlord's place “as if he owned the place，” said Lisa Pearson, the Arboretum's head librarian.In declaring his successful return under the headline “Seeking Strange Flowers, in the Far Reaches of the World”， the Boston Evening transcript ran a large photo of the daring explorer wearing in a woolly coat and fox-skin hat. “In discussing his heroism including hair-raising escapes from death either from mountain slides, snow slides and robber armies，he waves the idea away as if it is of no importance.”The Arboretum and Rock parted ways after 1927, mainly because his trip cost Harvard a fortune—about $ 900，000 in today's dollars. Fortunately, many of his specimens, many of his amazing photos, and his great stories remain.1．What is the passage mainly about?A．Rock's service for the U．S government.B．Rock's cooperation with Harvard.C．Rock's work as a botanist.D．Rock's exploration in Southwest China.2．What contribution did Rock make to the USA besides collecting new plants and specimens?A．He travelled through some uncivilized places in China.B．His hand-drawn map was used in WW Ⅱ.C．He showed heroism by escaping difficulties.D．He made headlines in Boston Evening News.3．How did Rock respond when people mentioned his heroic deeds? A．Excitedly. B．Proudly.C．Calmly. D．Nervously.4．What caused Rock to stop work for The Arboretum?A．The vast expense.B．The dangerous journey.C．The challenging tasks.D．The unknown world.B[2022·江西六校聯(lián)考]It is quite apparent that competition surrounds every aspect of human life whether in the United States or the Amazon rainforest. Without it we would not have grown into primates (靈長(zhǎng)目動(dòng)物). Or we would probably still be struggling to sharpen a bronze tool while crawling around on four legs in search of meat. Without competition, Columbus wouldn't have discovered America and Edison would never have invented the light bulb.Friendships, like all relationships between two people, involve competition. It isn't competition in a traditional sense because there are no goals to be scored and no prize. Perhaps the ecological definition—the simultaneous (同時(shí)的) demand by two or more organisms for limited environmental resources, such as nutrients, living space, or light—better explains it.As in nature, high school life is governed by a set of laws, similar to a shortened version of Darwin's theory of evolution, overpopulation, and competition. There are lots of high school students and to distinguish them, ranking and categorizing take place. In high school, friendships learn to coexist with competition even though at times the relationship is rough. In fact, in some circumstances, competition is too much of a burden for a friendship to bear, causing it to fall apart. College admission is the final high school objective. Four years of hard work is to achieve good grades, and a student's fate is determined not only by these achievements, but by the records of thousands of other seniors trying to achieve a similar recognition.Nevertheless, by necessity, competition between students exists in all aspects of high school life. It sets and improves the standards in everything from sports to schoolwork. Healthy, friendly competition can have only benefits, but when it becomes too fierce, jealousy (妒忌) can tear friendships apart. Yet, despite all this, without competition, we would be lost.5．What does the ecological definition mainly explain?A．How to win the competition.B．What competition exactly is.C．What the result of competition is.D．How friends compete with each other.6．According to the writer, what causes the high school students to compete?A．They know the laws of nature well.B．A friendship is a burden for them.C．The number of them is too large.D．They are divided into different groups.7．Which best describes the relationship of the friendship and competition?A．The friendship is always based on competition.B．Competition is a result of a lost friendship.C．Competition is terribly harmful to friendships.D．The degree of competition is vital to friendships.8．What does the author think of “competition”？A．Competition is certain to happen at school.B．The result of competition is out of control.C．Competition becomes fierce in high school.D．The friendship is not as important as competition at school.Ⅱ.七選五[2022·石家莊質(zhì)量檢測(cè)一]Have you ever wondered why you're not as happy as you'd like to be? Based on my own personal experience and the happiness facts published by Harvard University, I've summarized the following habits that will make you happy!Laugh often. Laughter is the most powerful medicine for anger or depression. Research has shown that the simple act of smiling can increase your feeling of happiness. __1__Try to find humor and laughter in life's everyday struggles.Keep your agreements. Our self-respect is built on the agreements we've made with ourselves and with others. And high self-respect has a direct relationship with happiness. __2__Do your best and then let go. Everyone has limitations, and things don't always turn out to be what we'd like them to be—despite our efforts. So always give your best, and then let go. __3__ When you've done your best, you'll have no regrets.Give back. __4__According to Harvard, when people do good, their brains become active in the very same reward center that is stimulated when they experience other rewards. So it's not a surprise that people who care more about others are happier than those who care less about others.These happiness habits have proven to be true in my own life. During those periods when I focus on developing the habits listed above, I do feel happier and more fulfilled—like now. Happiness is not an accident. __5__A．Let events run their course.B．So don't take life too seriously.C．So do what you say you're going to do.D．When we succeed, we're more likely to be happy.E．This is the best way to overcome your limitations.F．It's a conscious decision that takes a conscious effort.G．Helping others is one of the surest ways to feel good.Ⅲ.完形填空[2022·成都市第三次診斷]While looking for a job in Denmark, Alberto found his spare time activities an advantage.In his spare time, Alberto was pleasantly __1__ to find a lot of outdoor facilities in Denmark. __2__ moving there, he had thought that because of the __3__， locals would probably __4__ spending time indoors. “I like to __5__ life outdoors with friends: walking in the forest, playing sports and swimming. We even __6__ a camping trip to the beach. ”Alberto also enjoys __7__ training in spare time. __8__， he is more than willing to help others in the gym. “Making __9__ and helping friends have taught me how to __10__ and understand the __11__ of a person, which helps me when I'm dealing with people or anywhere where empathy (共鳴) and attention are __12__. I have also learned to become more __13__， since I have to observe and then change or __14__ the plan based on their __15__. Finally, I have also learned how to be a better __16__—I had to design the schedules in a fun and entertaining way to __17__ people. ”Alberto found these experiences helpful in __18__. “Nowadays, companies are not so focused on certain __19__， but more interested in getting to know the person behind the CV (簡(jiǎn)歷). Spare time activities serve as a means for the company to get a better __20__ of employees. ”, 1．A.disappointed B．anxious C．surprised D．annoyed2．A.Before B．Upon C．Without D．For3．A.tradition B．weather C．traffic D．passion4．A.deny B．continue C．resist D．prefer5．A.enjoy B．expect C．discuss D．appreciate6．A.witnessed B．needed C．did D．chose7．A.fitness B．military C．professional D．academic8．A.Eventually B．Hopefully C．Therefore D．Moreover9．A.interviews B．plans C．changes D．decisions10．A.admire B．prove C．follow D．detect11．A.advantages B．imaginations C．needs D．abilities12．A.useless B．strange C．urgent D．necessary13．A.proud B．organized C．excited D．merciful14．A.support B．recommend C．adapt D．make15．A.reaction B．movement C．impression D．position16．A.classmate B．leader C．sportsman D．salesman17．A.distract B．interest C．amuse D．encourage18．A.schooling B．truth-seeking C．job-hunting D．surviving19．A.skills B．opinions C．personalities D．weaknesses20．A.side B．half C．picture D．futureⅣ.語(yǔ)法填空[2022·太原市三模]For many people in the world, food waste has become a habit: buying more food than we need at markets，1．________ (let) fruit and vegetables spoil at home or taking more than we can eat.These habits put extra pressure 2．________ our natural resources and damage our environment. When we waste food, we waste so much labour, effort, 3．________ (invest) and the precious resources that go into producing it, not to mention the resources in transporting and processing it. In short, wasting food increases greenhouse gas emissions and 4．________ (contribute) to climate change.It's 5．________ urgent issue. In fact, tons of food is lost or wasted 6．________ (global) every day. The part of food that is lost from harvest up to, but not including, the retail level is called food loss. The part wasted at the consumer or retail level 7．________ (refer) to as food waste. We make this distinction to address those root 8．________ (cause) of this problem, a problem that everyone from farmers and producers to customers can help end.Reducing food loss and waste is essential in a world 9．________ millions of people go hungry every day. When we reduce waste, we respect that food is not a given. It's up to us 10．________ (change) our habits to make not wasting food a way of life!課下天天練（十六）　閱讀語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用組合練Ⅰ.閱讀理解A語(yǔ)篇類型：記敘文　主題語(yǔ)境：人與自我——人物經(jīng)歷——旅游和探險(xiǎn)【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　文章主要講述了奧地利裔美國(guó)探險(xiǎn)家、植物學(xué)家和人類學(xué)家Joseph Francis Charles Rock在中國(guó)西南地區(qū)的旅游和探險(xiǎn)經(jīng)歷。1．答案與解析：D　主旨大意題。通讀全文尤其是第二段第一句“In 1924, Harvard sent Joseph Francis Rock on a treasure hunt through China's southwestern provinces—the Wild West of their day.”可知，文章主要講述了奧地利裔美國(guó)探險(xiǎn)家、植物學(xué)家和人文學(xué)家Joseph Francis Charles Rock在中國(guó)西南地區(qū)的探險(xiǎn)經(jīng)歷。故選D。2．答案與解析：B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“His hand-drawn map of his travels through China's‘Cho-Ni’ territory, in the Harvard Map Collection, includes more than a thousand rivers, towns and mountains indicated in both English and Chinese, and was so well made that the U．S. government used it to plan aerial missions in World War Ⅱ.”可知，除了在收集新品種的植物和標(biāo)本上做出貢獻(xiàn)，Rock手繪的地圖也曾被用于第二次世界大戰(zhàn)。故選B。3．答案與解析：C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句“‘In discussing his heroism including hair-raising escapes from death either from mountain slides, snow slides and robber armies, he waves the idea away as if it is of no importance.’”可知，在討論Rock的英雄事跡時(shí)，雖然他經(jīng)歷過(guò)山體滑坡、雪崩以及強(qiáng)盜（的搶劫），可他覺得那都不算什么。由此可推知，Rock在人們提到自己的英雄事跡時(shí)的反應(yīng)很平靜。故選C。4．答案與解析：A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“The Arboretum and Rock parted ways after 1927, mainly because his trip cost Harvard a fortune—about $ 900，000 in today's dollars.”可知，Rock不再在植物園工作的主要原因是他旅行花費(fèi)了很多錢。故選A。【亮點(diǎn)句積累】In declaring his successful return under the headline “Seeking Strange Flowers, in the Far Reaches of the World”， the Boston Evening transcript ran a large photo of the daring explorer wearing in a woolly coat and fox-skin hat.（第五段第一句）譯文：《波士頓晚報(bào)》以“在遙遠(yuǎn)的世界里尋找奇異的花朵”為題，刊登了一張這位大膽的冒險(xiǎn)家身穿羊毛外套、頭戴狐貍皮帽的巨幅照片，以宣告他返回成功。詞匯積累：extensively adv.廣大地　territory n．領(lǐng)土linguist n．語(yǔ)言學(xué)家　arrogant adj.傲慢的B語(yǔ)篇類型：說(shuō)明文　主題語(yǔ)境：人與社會(huì)——社會(huì)生活——競(jìng)爭(zhēng)【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　競(jìng)爭(zhēng)推動(dòng)了人類社會(huì)的發(fā)展，是不可或缺的，本文說(shuō)明了競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的含義，指出在高中階段競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是不可避免的，還特別說(shuō)明了如何在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和友誼中尋找平衡。5．答案與解析：B　考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，ecological definition所在的句子是對(duì)前一句“It isn't competition...and no prize”的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明競(jìng)爭(zhēng)到底是什么，故選B。6．答案與解析：C　考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第三段中的“There are lots of...categorizing take place”可知，高中生數(shù)量多，為了區(qū)分他們，排名和分類就產(chǎn)生了，排名和分類就是競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的具體形式，故選C。7．答案與解析：D　考查推斷的能力。根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“Healthy, friendly competition...can tear friendships apart”可知，正常合理的且友好的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)只有好處，但當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)太激烈時(shí)，妒忌能使友誼分崩離析。故D項(xiàng)“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的程度對(duì)友誼至關(guān)重要”正確。8．答案與解析：A　考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Nevertheless, by necessity, competition between students exists in all aspects of high school life”可知，作者認(rèn)為學(xué)生之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)必然存在于高中學(xué)校生活的所有方面，故A選項(xiàng)“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)在學(xué)校是必然會(huì)發(fā)生的”正確。Ⅱ.七選五語(yǔ)篇類型：說(shuō)明文　主題語(yǔ)境：人與自我——幸?！屓诵腋５膸讉€(gè)習(xí)慣【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文主要介紹了幾個(gè)讓人幸福的習(xí)慣，包括常笑和幫助他人等。1．答案與解析：B'考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)空前一句表述的“研究表明，一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的微笑行為可以增加你的幸福感”和空后一句表述的“在每日的奮斗中努力找到幽默和笑聲”可知，B項(xiàng)“所以不要跟生活太較真”符合語(yǔ)境。2．答案與解析：C'考查總結(jié)句。結(jié)合本段內(nèi)容可知，本段主要講自尊、言行一致和幸福三者之間的關(guān)系。言行一致是自尊的基礎(chǔ)，而高度的自尊又與幸福有直接關(guān)系，所以C項(xiàng)“因此你要言出必行”符合語(yǔ)境。3．答案與解析：A'考查上下文銜接?？涨耙痪渲v的是“所以永遠(yuǎn)盡自己最大的努力，然后放手”，而空后一句講的是“當(dāng)你已盡了自己最大努力，你就沒(méi)有遺憾了”，因此A項(xiàng)“讓事情順其自然”符合語(yǔ)境。4．答案與解析：G'考查上下文銜接。本段總結(jié)句講的是關(guān)心他人更多的人比關(guān)心他人更少的人更幸福，這并不是一個(gè)令人驚訝的事，故G項(xiàng)“幫助別人是能感到快樂(lè)的最可靠的方法之一”符合語(yǔ)境。5．答案與解析：F'考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)空前一句表述的“幸福不是一件偶然的事”可知，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“這是一個(gè)需要有意識(shí)的努力來(lái)作出的有意識(shí)的決定”符合語(yǔ)境。Ⅲ.完形填空語(yǔ)篇類型：記敘文　主題語(yǔ)境：人與自我——做人與做事——業(yè)余生活及其對(duì)求職的影響【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　Alberto在丹麥發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們并不是如他想象那樣因?yàn)闅夂蛟蚨幌矚g戶外活動(dòng)。他幫助人們進(jìn)行健身訓(xùn)練并從中收獲很多。Alberto的經(jīng)歷對(duì)于他求職幫助很大，在求職中，公司不僅關(guān)注簡(jiǎn)歷，還更關(guān)注求職者簡(jiǎn)歷之外的生活。1．答案與解析：C　考查語(yǔ)境推斷。根據(jù)該段下文中的“he had thought... spending time indoors”可知，丹麥當(dāng)?shù)厝丝赡軙?huì)更喜歡室內(nèi)活動(dòng)；結(jié)合該句中的“find a lot of outdoor facilities in Denmark”可以判斷，當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)丹麥有許多室外設(shè)施時(shí)，Alberto感到很驚訝，C選項(xiàng)意為“驚訝的”，故C項(xiàng)正確。2．答案與解析：A　考查語(yǔ)境推斷。根據(jù)該句中的“he had thought”可知，該句使用了過(guò)去完成時(shí)，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可以判斷，此處表示在Alberto遷到丹麥之前，故A項(xiàng)正確。3．答案與解析：B　考查常識(shí)推斷。根據(jù)該句中的“spending time indoors”可知，丹麥人可能更喜歡待在室內(nèi)；結(jié)合常識(shí)可以判斷，由于丹麥的天氣原因，丹麥人無(wú)法經(jīng)常到室外活動(dòng)，故喜歡待在室內(nèi)。故B項(xiàng)正確。4．答案與解析：D　考查語(yǔ)境推斷。根據(jù)該句中的“l(fā)ocals would probably”可知，由于丹麥的天氣原因，丹麥人無(wú)法經(jīng)常到室外活動(dòng)，故可能更喜歡待在室內(nèi)。D項(xiàng)意為“更喜歡”，故D項(xiàng)正確。5．答案與解析：A　考查語(yǔ)境推斷。根據(jù)該句中的“walking in the forest, playing sports and swimming”可知，Alberto喜歡和朋友們一起享受戶外活動(dòng)：在森林里散步、運(yùn)動(dòng)和游泳。A項(xiàng)意為“享受……的樂(lè)趣”，故A項(xiàng)正確。6．答案與解析：C　考查語(yǔ)境推斷。根據(jù)該句中的“a camping trip to the beach”并結(jié)合上句內(nèi)容可知，Alberto甚至還去海灘進(jìn)行野營(yíng)旅行了。故C項(xiàng)正確。【易錯(cuò)提醒】該題容易錯(cuò)選成D項(xiàng)，選錯(cuò)的原因是忽略上句和該句的聯(lián)系。在這里Alberto陳述的是各種已經(jīng)發(fā)生的活動(dòng)，用以說(shuō)明他們喜歡戶外活動(dòng)，而不是選擇。7．答案與解析：A　考查語(yǔ)境推斷。根據(jù)下句中的“he is more than willing to help others in the gym”可知，Alberto很樂(lè)意幫助在體育館的人；據(jù)此可以判斷，Alberto喜歡在業(yè)余時(shí)間進(jìn)行健身訓(xùn)練。fitness意為“健壯，健康”，故A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)意為“軍事的”；C項(xiàng)意為“專業(yè)的”；D項(xiàng)意為“學(xué)術(shù)的”，都與語(yǔ)境不符。8．答案與解析：D　考查語(yǔ)境推斷。根據(jù)上句可知，Alberto喜歡在業(yè)余時(shí)間進(jìn)行健身訓(xùn)練；根據(jù)該句中的“he is more than willing to help others in the gym”可知，此外，他還很樂(lè)意幫助在體育館的人。據(jù)此可知，兩句間為遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，故用Moreover。9．答案與解析：B　考查語(yǔ)境和常識(shí)推斷。根據(jù)前文可知，Alberto喜歡在業(yè)余時(shí)間進(jìn)行健身訓(xùn)練，還非常樂(lè)意幫助在體育館的人。結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，健身訓(xùn)練需要作計(jì)劃，Alberto從作計(jì)劃和幫朋友中獲益良多。B項(xiàng)意為“計(jì)劃”，故B項(xiàng)正確。10．答案與解析：D　考查語(yǔ)境推斷。根據(jù)該句中的“which helps me when I'm dealing with people”可知，這在他與人打交道時(shí)幫助了他；結(jié)合該句中的“understand”可以判斷，作計(jì)劃和幫助朋友教會(huì)了他如何發(fā)現(xiàn)和理解一個(gè)人的需求。D項(xiàng)意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)”，故D項(xiàng)正確。11．答案與解析：C　考查語(yǔ)境和常識(shí)推斷。根據(jù)該句中的“which helps me when I'm dealing with people”可知，這幫助Alberto與人打交道；結(jié)合常識(shí)可以判斷，該處指作計(jì)劃和幫助朋友教會(huì)了他如何發(fā)現(xiàn)和理解一個(gè)人的需求。故C項(xiàng)正確。12．答案與解析：D　考查語(yǔ)境和常識(shí)推斷。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境并結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，在與人打交道的過(guò)程中，共鳴和關(guān)注是必要的，D項(xiàng)意為“必要的”，故D項(xiàng)正確。13．答案與解析：B　考查語(yǔ)境推斷。根據(jù)該句中的“since I have to observe and then change”和“the plan”可知，Alberto不得不觀察并改變計(jì)劃，據(jù)此可以判斷，他要更有效地組織人們運(yùn)動(dòng)。organized意為“有效率的，有條理的”，符合語(yǔ)境，故B項(xiàng)正確。14．答案與解析：C　考查語(yǔ)境推斷。根據(jù)該句中的“I have to observe and then change or”和“the plan”可知，Alberto不得不觀察并改變計(jì)劃，據(jù)此可以判斷，此處表示改變或修改計(jì)劃；C項(xiàng)意為“使適應(yīng)，使適合（新用途、新情況）”，故C項(xiàng)正確。15．答案與解析：A　考查語(yǔ)境和常識(shí)推斷。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和常識(shí)可知，Alberto需要根據(jù)人們的反應(yīng)改變計(jì)劃；A項(xiàng)意為“反應(yīng)”，故A項(xiàng)正確。16．答案與解析：D　考查語(yǔ)境推斷。根據(jù)該句中的“I had to design the schedules in a fun and entertaining way”可知，Alberto必須以一種有趣且使人愉快的方式來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)日程安排；結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，此處表示他已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)如何成為更好的銷售員，故D項(xiàng)正確。17．答案與解析：B　考查語(yǔ)境推斷。根據(jù)該句中的“in a fun and entertaining way”可推知，Alberto此舉的目的是讓人們感興趣。B項(xiàng)意為“使感興趣”，故B項(xiàng)正確。18．答案與解析：C　考查語(yǔ)境推斷。根據(jù)本文首句中的“While looking for a job in Denmark”并結(jié)合該句中的“Alberto found these experiences helpful in”和下文中的companies可知，Alberto發(fā)現(xiàn)這些經(jīng)歷在他尋找工作的過(guò)程中是有用的，故C項(xiàng)正確。19．答案與解析：A　考查語(yǔ)境推斷。根據(jù)該句中的“but more interested in getting to know the person behind the CV（簡(jiǎn)歷）”可知，公司更感興趣的是個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷背后的故事，據(jù)此可以判斷，公司如今對(duì)個(gè)人的某些技能并不那么關(guān)注，A項(xiàng)意為“技能”，故A項(xiàng)正確。20．答案與解析：C　考查語(yǔ)境推斷。根據(jù)上句可知，公司更感興趣的是個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷背后的故事；據(jù)此可以判斷，業(yè)余活動(dòng)是公司更好地了解員工的一種手段。picture“印象，頭腦中的情景；描述”。故C項(xiàng)正確。Ⅳ.語(yǔ)法填空語(yǔ)篇類型：說(shuō)明文　主題語(yǔ)境：人與社會(huì)——社會(huì)現(xiàn)象——食物浪費(fèi)【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文主要講述了當(dāng)今社會(huì)食物浪費(fèi)情況嚴(yán)重、這一現(xiàn)象造成的后果、食物損失與食物浪費(fèi)的區(qū)別等，也講述了世界上還有很多人每天吃不飽飯，所以我們應(yīng)該減少食物浪費(fèi)。1．答案與解析：letting　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該空與前面的buying和后面的taking形成并列，所以空處需要填letting。2．答案與解析：on　考查介詞。此處考查固定搭配put pressure on，意為“向……施加壓力”，所以空處需要填on。3．答案與解析：investment　考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處與labour, effort和the precious resources形成并列，同作waste的賓語(yǔ)，需要用到名詞，所以填investment。4．答案與解析：contributes　考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處與increases形成并列，兩者并列作本句的謂語(yǔ)，且主語(yǔ)為wasting food，所以空處需要填contributes。5．答案與解析：an　考查冠詞。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境“這是一件緊迫的事情”可知，此處表泛指；且空后urgent的發(fā)音以元音音素開頭，所以空處需要填an。6．答案與解析：globally　考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處修飾謂語(yǔ)，需要用副詞，所以填globally。7．答案與解析：is referred　考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該空在句中作謂語(yǔ)；根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處需要用到一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示客觀事實(shí)；根據(jù)語(yǔ)境“在消費(fèi)者和零售層面浪費(fèi)的部分被稱作食物浪費(fèi)”可知，本句語(yǔ)態(tài)為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；主語(yǔ)The part為第三人稱單數(shù)，所以空處填is referred。8．答案與解析：causes　考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。cause是一個(gè)可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)前面的those可知，空處需要用到復(fù)數(shù)，所以填causes。root cause“根本原因”。9．答案與解析：where　考查關(guān)系副詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該空引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為表示地點(diǎn)的名詞world，該空指代先行詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故填關(guān)系副詞where。10．答案與解析：to change　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處考查的是固定句型It's up to sb. to do sth.，所以空處需要填to change。

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