課下天天練(三十六)　40分閱讀提分練姓名________　班級________　考號________　時間：40分鐘閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。A[2022·大連高三測試]Volunteer OpportunitiesVolunteers are a vital part of our mission of providing high-quality environmental educational programmes for the local youth, Hudson River research, and community events. We are currently seeking volunteers for the following positions：?Education Assistant—Assist education staff with everyday school work, after-school environmental clubs and community group visits every Wednesday afternoon.?Marsh (沼澤) Assistant—Help maintain riverfront marsh on Thursdays and Saturdays. Work on occasional marsh repairs including the removal of foreign species of plants and the clean-up of rubbish. (Seasonal) ?Research Assistant—Participate in water quality monitoring, the sea life study, and other projects as they are developed. Eight hours each week on workdays.?Aquaria (水族館) Assistant—Provide care for the center's collection of aquatic wildlife including tank maintenance and animal feeding at the weekend.Volunteer positions are available throughout the year! Previous experience is not required.Training will be provided upon the start of volunteer service. For more information about our volunteer programs as well as single-day volunteer events, call (914) 377-1900 or visit www. centerfortheurbanriver. org.1．What does the Education Assistant need to do?A.Help with school routine.B．Give lectures after school.C．Coach students in sports clubs.D．Visit poor students' communities.2．If you are busy on weekdays, which volunteer position is probably suitable for you?A.Education Assistant.        B．Marsh Assistant.C．Research Assistant.        D．Aquaria Assistant.3．What's required to be one of the volunteers?A．Working experience.B．Academic training.C．Concern for the environment.D．Around-the-clock availability.B[2022·河北高三六校聯(lián)考]Not long ago, Linda Khan was sitting by a hospital bed in Houston, feeling ill at ease. Beside her lay her father who needed heart surgery. The two of them had engaged in nothing but depressing small talk. Then, her eyes fell on a pile of books. She picked up one, and started to read it out loud. “Right away it changed the mood and atmosphere，” she says. Reading gave the daughter a way to connect with her father. Listening allowed the father to travel on the sound of his daughter's voice into a place where he felt himself again. “From then on，” Khan says, “I always read to him.”In a 2010 survey in the United Kingdom, elderly adults who joined weekly read-aloud groups reported better concentration, less anxiety, and an improved ability to socialize. The survey authors owed these improvements in large part to the “rich, varied diet of serious literature” that group members consumed, with fiction encouraging feelings of relaxation and calm, poetry fostering focused concentration, and narratives giving rise to cognitive (認知的) thoughts, feelings, and memories. In truth, almost any kind of reading to another person can be beneficial.Readers get rewards too. For Neil Bush, the late-life hospitalization of his famous parents, George H．W. and Barbara Bush, became opportunities to repay a debt of gratitude. “When I was a kid, they would read to me，” he said. With his parents in and out of care, “We've been reading books about Dad's foreign policy and, more recently, Mom's autobiography.” Bush went on, his voice thick with emotion, “And to read their amazing life to them has been a remarkable blessing to me, personally, as their son.”To many people, reading to parents may seem so far outside the normal range of regular activities, and it may even feel odd and improper. However, there are still many people who brave the momentary strangeness of reading to elderly adults and both readers and listeners are, to borrow a phrase from Wordsworth, surprised by the joy of it.4．What did reading offer to Linda and her father?A．A way to establish a bond.B．A way to travel together in reality.C．A way to treat the disease.D．A way to engage in learning.5．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?A．Improvements in mental health.B．Benefits of reading to others.C．Changes in the cognitive process.D．Development of social skills.6．What does Neil Bush's experience prove?A．Reading benefits more than the listener.B．Parents should read more to their kids.C．Children  should show their gratitude.D．Reading to parents is children's duty.7．How does the author feel about reading to an elderly adult?A．Improper and odd.B．Abnormal but worthy.C．Rewarding and joyful.D．Interesting but unnecessary.C[2022·青島高中質(zhì)量檢測]Nobody wants to snack on plastic bags or soda rings, but according to a recent study from the University of Newcastle, we could be consuming roughly a credit card's worth of plastic every week.Microplastics, which are less than a quarter-inch size and come in various shapes, have polluted the natural world and infiltrated (滲入) our bodies. The first clue to microplastic exposure in humans came around 2013, when scientists discovered plastic particles in seafood prepared for consumption. But in 2019, when the University of Newcastle study was published, the scientific community understood that the problem was considerably broader. Microplastics shed off clothes and tires and have been found in beer, honey, table salt and other food items. We breathe in plastic staying in the air and drink plastic floating in our drinks. It's no stretch to conclude that our exposure is significant. What we don't know is what this means for us.The amount of evidence collected on this__subject is growing rapidly, according to Scott Coffin, a toxicologist (毒理學家). Studies done on mice and rats have found that plastic in their bodies can severely damage cells and cause stress.Because microplastics are too small to clean up, the only solution is to stop plastic waste at the source. And doing so would take a thorough adjustment, given that plastic is deeply embedded in our economy and lifestyle. Stopping using them would fundamentally affect countless industries, including textiles (紡織業(yè)), transportation and manufacturing.“I think we need to have more studies coming out that are directly related to human health before we see a lot more concern from the general public，” Scott said. “It takes a lot to convince people that something that is really convenient for them to use is something they should sacrifice.”  The question of microplastics and human health needs more attention—from the scientific community, the general public, the government and funding groups. The issue isn't being ignored, but it's not being prioritized either.8．What does the second paragraph mainly tell us about microplastics?A．Their wide usage in daily life.B．Their harm to human health.C．Their significant exposure in humans.D．The new study conducted on them.9．What does the underlined part “this subject” refer to?A．The way that microplastics exist.B．The pollution caused by microplastics.C．The relationship between microplastics and human health.D．The reason for the existence of microplastics.10．How to solve the problem according to Scott?A．To cut down plastic production.B．To carry out more studies on mice and rats.C.To invent something more convenient than plastic.D．To promote people's awareness on the harm brought by microplastic.11．Which of the following is a suitable title for the passage?A．Is microplastic pollution harmful to our health?B．Why is microplastic pollution everywhere?C．Why is plastic harmful?D．What do you know about microplastics?D[2022·南昌市模擬]The team, led by Michael T．Tolley, a professor of mechanical engineering at the Jacobs School of Engineering at UC San Diego, details its findings in the Feb. 17, 2021 issue of the journal Science Robotics.“This work represents a fundamental yet significant step towards fully-autonomous, electronics-free walking robots，” said Dylan Drotman, a PhD student in Tolley's research group and the paper's first author.Applications include low-cost robots for entertainment, such as toys, and robots that can operate in environments where electronics cannot function, such as MRI machines. Soft robots are of particular interest because they easily adapt to their environment and operate safely near humans.Most soft robots are powered by air and are controlled by electronic circuits. But this approach requires complex components like circuit boards, valves (閥門) and pumps—often outside the robot's body. These Components, which make up the robot's brain and nervous system, are typically large and expensive. By contrast, the UC San Diego robot is controlled by a lightweight, low-cost system of air-powered circuits, made up of tubes and soft valves, on board the robot itself. The robot can walk on command or in response to signals it senses from the environment. “With our approach, you could make a very complex robotic Brain，” said Tolley, the study's senior author. “Our focus here was to make the simplest air-powered nervous system needed to control walking.”In the future, researchers want to improve the robot's ways to walk so it can walk on natural fields and uneven surfaces. This would allow the robot to navigate over a variety of obstacles (障礙). This would require a more complicated network of sensors and as a result a more complex air-powered system. The team will also look at how the technology could be used to create robots, which are in part controlled by air-powered circuits for some functions, such as walking.12．What is the achievement of the team's study?A．Their robots can walk a huge step.B．Their robots work following commands.C．Their study gets their electronics for free.D．They find a new technique in walking robots.13．What can the team's robots be applied to from the passage?A．Toy companies' products. B．Environmental protection.C．Human safety.      D．Factories without workers.14．What will the researchers probably do?A．Change the way of power. B. Help robots walk as humans.C．Improve robots to avoid obstacles.D. Build a network to control robots.15．What is the passage mainly talking about?A．The introduction to electronics-free walking robots.B．The functions of newly-developed robots.C．The applications of soft walking robots.D．The ways to improve traditional robots.第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。[2022·山西名校測評]Will you raise your hands to speak actively, or do you just remain a quiet listener in class? It's not unusual for teens to avoid answering questions in front of others because they are too shy or too afraid of being mistaken. Sometimes, however, a lack of self-confidence can arise from feelings of insecurity. __1__. But remember it's a normal feeling that you can and should change!__2__．If you have a fear that people will see your shortcomings, you will find it difficult to assert yourself. In building self-confidence, your first goal is to develop a realistic understanding of your strengths and weaknesses.  You'll have to take a tough first step and look inside yourself.Celebrate your strengths.It's not sufficient to identify your weaknesses  or your problem areas. __3__. You can get down to doing this by making a big list of things you have accomplished and the things you do well.  Have you ever spared the time to explore your strengths? You were born with some natural talent, whether you have discovered it or not.  Are you artistic? Can you organize things? Do you navigate well? If you can do any of them well, you have traits to cherish!Change your behaviour.__4__， which will help you fight off feelings of negativity. Exercise and get enough sleep. Compliment others on their strengths and you will find that other people will return the favour and compliment you give.  All these behavioural traits improve our moods.Use a third person approach.There is an interesting study that shows that there may be a trick to meet our behavioural goals more quickly.  The trick? __5__， or when you go through the process of enhancing your self-image and building up your self-confidence.A．You also have great aspects about yourself that you are supposed to exploreB．Sometimes we have awful feelings about ourselves and we often bury them deep insideC．Understand the cause for your lack of self-confidenceD．Think of yourself as someone else as you evaluate your progressE．But it is healthy to root out something hidden deep inside and work through itF．Never lose faith in your own strengths and potentialG．You can increase self-confidence by adjusting yourself, such as smiling more課下天天練(三十六)　40分閱讀提分練第一節(jié)A語篇類型：應(yīng)用文　主題語境：人與社會——廣告——志愿者招募廣告【語篇解讀】　本文主要介紹了幾個志愿者工作——教育助理、沼澤助理、研究助理和水族館助理。1．答案與解析：A　考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)Education Assistant部分中的“Assist education staff with everyday school work”可知，教育助理需要協(xié)助教職工做好學校的日常工作，故A項正確。2．答案與解析：D　考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)Aquaria (水族館) Assistant部分中的“Provide care for...at the weekend”可知，水族館助理需要在周末上班，故適合工作日較忙的人，所以D項正確。3．答案與解析：C　考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第一段中的“Volunteers are a vital part of our mission of providing high-quality environmental educational programmes”可知，志愿者需要關(guān)愛環(huán)境，故C項正確。B語篇類型：記敘文　主題語境：人與社會——人際關(guān)系——為年邁的父母讀書【語篇解讀】　Linda的父親即將進行心臟病手術(shù)，可是她和父親的交流很令人沮喪。之后她開始為父親讀書，這改變了氛圍，緩和了父女倆的關(guān)系。其實，給年邁的父母讀書會給雙方都帶來樂趣。4．答案與解析：A　考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第一段中的“Reading gave...connect with her father”可知，閱讀成了Linda和她的父親之間建立親密關(guān)系的一種方式，故A項正確。5．答案與解析：B　考查理解段落主旨要義的能力。通讀第二段可知，該段第一句為主旨句，再結(jié)合該段尾句“In truth, almost any kind of reading...can be beneficial”可知，該段主要陳述了給其他人閱讀的好處，故B項正確。6．答案與解析：A　考查推斷的能力。根據(jù)第三段第一句可知，給他人閱讀的一方也會有所收獲；根據(jù)第三段尾句可知，能夠給父母讀他們的人生經(jīng)歷對他來說也是一件幸事。據(jù)此可以判斷，不僅僅是傾聽者，讀的一方也能從閱讀中獲益。故A項正確。7．答案與解析：C　考查理解觀點、態(tài)度的能力。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Readers get rewards too”可知，讀的一方在閱讀時會得到回報；再根據(jù)尾段尾句中的“the joy of it”可知，為年邁的人閱讀會令人愉快，故C項正確。C語篇類型：說明文　主題語境：人與社會——研究發(fā)現(xiàn)——微塑料威脅人類健康【語篇解讀】　沒有人想以塑料為食，但微塑料——塑料的微小顆粒——因其體積小、形式多樣，已經(jīng)深深地滲入到我們生活中的各個方面。研究表明，微塑料會破壞細胞、造成壓力。對待微塑料問題，應(yīng)從源頭做徹底的調(diào)整，不能完全禁止。與此同時，還要提高公眾健康意識，犧牲微塑料給人類生活帶來的便利性。8．答案與解析：C　考查理解段落主旨要義的能力。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容尤其是“The first clue to microplastic exposure”可知，微塑料已經(jīng)滲入到我們的體內(nèi)，例如：海產(chǎn)品、啤酒、蜂蜜、食鹽、呼吸的空氣、飲料等。故第二段主要告知我們?nèi)祟惤佑|微塑料的情況很顯著。故C項正確。9．答案與解析：C　考查理解詞匯的能力。前兩段講述微塑料已經(jīng)滲入到我們的體內(nèi)，存在形式多樣，在人類生活中幾乎無處不在，再結(jié)合全文講微塑料和健康的關(guān)系可推知，畫線詞所在句應(yīng)是，關(guān)于微塑料和人類健康的關(guān)系的證據(jù)越來越多。故C項正確。10．答案與解析：D　考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第五段尾句可知，Scott認為，人們應(yīng)該犧牲因便利而使用的塑料，但要讓人們相信這一點，需要做很多工作。即要解決這個問題，需要提高人們關(guān)于微塑料帶給人們的傷害的意識。故D項正確。11．答案與解析：A　考查理解文章主旨要義的能力。本文主要講述微塑料已經(jīng)滲入到我們生活中的各個方面，危害著我們的健康。故可用“微塑料污染危害我們的健康嗎？”作本文的標題。故A項正確。【方法指導(dǎo)】本題可采用排除法和倒推法選出答案。B項“為什么微塑料污染無處不在？”；C項“為什么塑料有害？”；本文主要講的不是原因，故排除B和C。若D項“關(guān)于微塑料你了解什么？”正確，那么，文中極有可能涉及微塑料的優(yōu)點，畢竟萬物皆有兩面性，但本文無任何介紹其優(yōu)點的信息，故D項不選。D語篇類型：說明文　主題語境：人與社會——科學與技術(shù)——行走機器人新技術(shù)及其應(yīng)用【語篇解讀】　加州大學圣地亞哥分校研發(fā)的機器人由一個重量輕、成本低的空氣動力電路系統(tǒng)控制，可應(yīng)用在多種操作環(huán)境中，如玩具、核磁共振成像機器等。本文重點介紹了有關(guān)該機器人的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容。12．答案與解析：D　考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第一段中的“details its findings in the Feb. 17, 2021 issue”和第二段中的“‘This work represents a fundamental... electronics-free walking robots’”可知，研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)了行走機器人的新技術(shù)，該技術(shù)代表了行走機器人邁向全自動、無電子行走的重要一步。故D項正確。13．答案與解析：A　考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第三段第一句中的“Applications include low-cost robots for entertainment, such as toys”可知，該技術(shù)可以用于低成本的娛樂機器人，如玩具等。據(jù)此可知，該技術(shù)可以用于玩具公司的產(chǎn)品，故A項正確。14．答案與解析：C　考查推斷的能力。根據(jù)尾段前兩句“In the future... walk on natural fields and uneven surfaces... obstacles(障礙)”可知，研究人員希望將來改進機器人的行走方式，以使其能夠在自然場地和凹凸不平的表面上行走，這會讓機器人翻越障礙物。據(jù)此可以推知，未來研究人員將改進機器人以避免撞到障礙物。故C項正確。15．答案與解析：A　考查理解主旨要義的能力。通讀全文可知，文章第二段闡述了全文的主旨。結(jié)合下文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了行走機器人的新技術(shù)及其應(yīng)用，故A項正確。第二節(jié)語篇類型：說明文　主題語境：人與自我——完善自我——增強自信心【語篇解讀】　對青少年來說，在別人面前避免回答問題并不罕見，因為他們太害羞或太害怕出錯。有些時候，缺乏自信可能源于沒有安全感。本文介紹了從自身做起，做出一些改變，從而增強自信的方法。1．答案與解析：B　考查上下文銜接?？蘸笠痪渲赋鲞@是一種你能夠且應(yīng)該改變的正常情緒，結(jié)合語境可知，此處應(yīng)說明缺乏自信心可能對你產(chǎn)生的影響，故B項符合語境。2．答案與解析：C　考查段落小標題。本段第一句提到如果你擔心人們會看到你的缺點，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)很難堅定地表達自己的意見，本段后兩句介紹了針對這種情況建立自信的第一步——審視自我。由此可知，本段與理解缺乏自信的原因有關(guān)，故C項符合語境。3．答案與解析：A　考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)本段的小標題可知，此段主旨是為你的優(yōu)點喝彩。根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“認識到你的缺點或是問題所在還不夠”和空后敘述的探索你自己的優(yōu)點可知，A項符合語境。4．答案與解析：G　考查上下文銜接。本段主要列舉了改變自身行為的一些做法。而G項內(nèi)容“你可以通過調(diào)整自己例如多微笑等來增強自信”，與下文中的“鍛煉并獲得足夠睡眠”以及“贊賞別人的優(yōu)點”都屬于具體的做法，故G項符合語境。5．答案與解析：D　考查上下文銜接。結(jié)合本段的小標題可知本段主要講了用第三者的角度來看待問題。D項中的“someone else”與本段小標題中的“a third person”相呼應(yīng)，故D項符合語境。 

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