押北京卷24—27題閱讀理解B篇說明文或夾敘夾議 -備戰(zhàn)2022年高考英語(yǔ)臨考題號(hào)押題（北京卷）-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

【命題趨勢(shì)和規(guī)律】
研究近幾年高考試題可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，高考閱讀理解設(shè)置的問題往往反映了一篇文章的主要信息和脈絡(luò)，命題者通常從以下幾個(gè)維度設(shè)題：
段首、段尾句：第一段首句或末段末句往往反映了文章的主題或中心思想；某一段的段首句或段尾句往往是該段的主題句。因此，命題者一般針對(duì)它們?cè)O(shè)置主旨大意題目。
轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比處：一般來說，表示轉(zhuǎn)折意義的信號(hào)詞but、hwever、yet、n the cntrary、in fact或體現(xiàn)對(duì)比關(guān)系的提示詞unlike、while等后的內(nèi)容往往是表意重點(diǎn)。因此，命題者常常抓住這一特點(diǎn)設(shè)置推理判斷、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度等題目。
引用人物論斷處：為了表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)或使論點(diǎn)更有說服力，作者常常引用他人的論斷或重要發(fā)現(xiàn)進(jìn)行證明。命題者常常針對(duì)它們?cè)O(shè)置推理判斷題目。
體現(xiàn)因果關(guān)系處：命題者常常針對(duì)體現(xiàn)因果關(guān)系的because、fr、since、nw that、as a result、cnsequently、result in、result frm等信號(hào)詞設(shè)置細(xì)節(jié)理解、推理判斷、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題目。
舉例子、打比方處：為了使自己的觀點(diǎn)更有說服力，作者常常采用舉例子或打比方等方法。命題者常常抓住fr example、fr instance、such as、as等設(shè)置意圖態(tài)度、推理判斷等題目。
復(fù)雜句式處：復(fù)雜句式一般包括同位語(yǔ)、插入語(yǔ)、長(zhǎng)難句等，它們往往對(duì)考生準(zhǔn)確理解文意形成障礙。命題者往往針對(duì)這些復(fù)雜句式設(shè)置詞義猜測(cè)、推理判斷等題目。
特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)處：破折號(hào)、冒號(hào)、括號(hào)、引號(hào)后的內(nèi)容往往是對(duì)前面內(nèi)容的進(jìn)一步解釋、說明或補(bǔ)充。命題者往往針對(duì)這些標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)后的內(nèi)容設(shè)置細(xì)節(jié)理解推理判斷主旨大音等題目
通讀全文，把握主題知大意
考生在有限的時(shí)間里，充分利用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧速讀全文，抓住關(guān)鍵詞、高頻詞、主題句、標(biāo)題、副標(biāo)題、插圖、表格等關(guān)鍵信息，把握文章結(jié)構(gòu)，快速確定文章主旨大意。
關(guān)注細(xì)節(jié)，理清思路與脈絡(luò)
記敘文多以時(shí)間或空間為線索展開故事；議論文通常包含論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和結(jié)論，通過解釋、舉例來闡述觀點(diǎn)；說明文往往有明確的寫作順序。抓住這些特點(diǎn)并結(jié)合文章細(xì)節(jié)，可以在最短的時(shí)間內(nèi)理清文章思路，把握主旨大意。
刪繁就簡(jiǎn)，突破難句捕
遇到結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的句子，要善于略去修飾成分，如定語(yǔ)（從句）、狀語(yǔ)（從句）、同位語(yǔ)(從句）等，抓住句子的關(guān)鍵成分，即句子的主干成分，如主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，從而迅速鎖定句子意思
技巧助力，輕松應(yīng)考走捷徑
在閱讀理解的過程中，只要考生把握高考命題的規(guī)律，熟練運(yùn)用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等閱讀技巧，就可以獲得事半功倍的效果，提高正確率
（2021·北京·高考真題）I remember the day during ur first week f class when we were infrmed abut ur semester（學(xué)期） prject f vlunteering at a nn-prfit rganizatin．When the teacher intrduced us t the different rganizatins that needed ur help，my last chice was Operatin Iraqi Children （OIC）．My first impressin f the rganizatin was that it was nt ging t make enugh f a difference with the plans I had in mind．
Then，an OIC representative gave us sme details，which smewhat interested me．After ding sme research， I believed that we culd really d smething fr thse kids．When I went nline t the OIC website，I saw pictures f the Iraqi children．Their faces were s pwerful in sending a message f their despair（絕望） and need that I jined this prject withut hesitatin．We decided t cllect as many schl supplies as pssible，and make them int kits——ne kit，ne child．
The mst rewarding day fr ur grup was prject day，when all the effrts we put int cllecting the items finally came tgether．When I saw the varius supplies we had cllected，it hit me that every kit we were t build that day wuld eventually be in the hands f an Iraqi child．Over the past fur mnths，I had never imagined hw I wuld feel nce ur prject was cmpleted．While making the kits，I realized that I had lst sight f the true meaning behind it．I had nly fcused n the fact that it was anther schl prject and ne I wanted t get a gd grade n．When the kits were cmpleted，and ready t be sent verseas，the warm feeling I had was ne I wuld never frget．
In the beginning，I dared myself t make a difference in the life f anther persn．Nw that ur prject is ver，I realize that I have affected nt nly ne life，but ten．With ur effrts，ten yung bys and girls will nw be able t further their educatin．
1．Hw did the authr feel abut jining the OIC prject in the beginning？
A．It wuld affect his/her initial plans．
B．It wuld invlve traveling verseas．
C．It wuld nt bring him/her a gd grade．
D．It wuld nt live up t his/her expectatins．
2．What mainly helped the authr change his/her attitude tward the prject？
A．Images f Iraqi children．B．Research by his/her classmates．
C．A teacher's intrductin．D．A representative's cmments．
3．The authr's OIC prject grup wuld help ten Iraqi children t________．.
A．becme OIC vlunteersB．further their educatin
C．study in freign cuntriesD．influence ther children
4．What can we cnclude frm this passage？
A．One's ptential cannt always be underrated．
B．First impressin cannt always be trusted．
C．Actins speak luder than wrds．
D．He wh hesitates is lst．
【答案】1．D
2．A
3．B
4．B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是記敘文。講述了作者一開始認(rèn)為加入伊拉克兒童行動(dòng)項(xiàng)目不會(huì)達(dá)到他的期望，但是最后通過努力對(duì)自己和他人帶來影響，說明第一印象不總是可信的。
1．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“When the teacher intrduced us t the different rganizatins that needed ur help，my last chice was Operatin Iraqi Children （OIC）．My first impressin f the rganizatin was that it was nt ging t make enugh f a difference with the plans I had in mind．”（當(dāng)老師向我們介紹了需要我們幫助的不同組織時(shí)，我最后的選擇是伊拉克兒童行動(dòng)(OIC)。我對(duì)這個(gè)組織的第一印象是，它不會(huì)對(duì)我心中的計(jì)劃產(chǎn)生足夠的影響。）可知，一開始作者認(rèn)為加入伊拉克兒童行動(dòng)項(xiàng)目不會(huì)達(dá)到他的期望。故選D。
2．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“When I went nline t the OIC website，I saw pictures f the Iraqi children．Their faces were s pwerful in sending a message f their despair（絕望） and need that I jined this prject withut hesitatin．”（當(dāng)我上網(wǎng)訪問OIC 網(wǎng)站時(shí)，我看到了伊拉克兒童的照片。他們的臉上傳遞的信息是絕望和需要幫助，我毫不猶豫地加入了這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。）可知，伊拉克兒童圖片幫助作者改變了他對(duì)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的態(tài)度。故選A。
3．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Nw that ur prject is ver，I realize that I have affected nt nly ne life，but ten．With ur effrts，ten yung bys and girls will nw be able t further their educatin．”（現(xiàn)在我們的項(xiàng)目結(jié)束了，我意識(shí)到我不僅影響了一個(gè)人的生活，而且影響了十個(gè)人的生活。在我們的努力下，10名男孩和女孩現(xiàn)在將能夠繼續(xù)接受教育。）可知，作者的伊拉克兒童行動(dòng)組織幫助十個(gè)伊拉克兒童繼續(xù)接受教育。故選B。
4．
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“My first impressin f the rganizatin was that it was nt ging t make enugh f a difference with the plans I had in mind．”（我對(duì)這個(gè)組織的第一印象是，它不會(huì)對(duì)我心中的計(jì)劃產(chǎn)生足夠的影響。）和最后一段“In the beginning，I dared myself t make a difference in the life f anther persn．Nw that ur prject is ver，I realize that I have affected nt nly ne life，but ten．With ur effrts，ten yung bys and girls will nw be able t further their educatin．”（一開始，我鼓勵(lì)自己去改變另一個(gè)人的生活。現(xiàn)在我們的項(xiàng)目結(jié)束了，我意識(shí)到我不僅影響了一個(gè)人的生活，而且影響了十個(gè)人的生活。在我們的努力下，十名男孩和女孩現(xiàn)在將能夠繼續(xù)接受教育。）可知，一開始作者認(rèn)為加入伊拉克兒童行動(dòng)不會(huì)達(dá)到他的期望，但是最后通過努力對(duì)自己和他人帶來影響，說明第一印象不總是可信的。故選B。
（2020·北京·高考真題）Baggy has becme the first dg in the UK—and ptentially the wrld—t jin the fight against air pllutin by recrding pllutant levels near the grund.
Baggy wears a pllutin mnitr n her cllar s she can take data measurements clse t the grund. Her mnitr has shwn that air pllutin levels are higher clser t grund level, which has helped highlight cncerns that babies and yung kids may be at higher risk f develping lung prblems.
Cnventinal air pllutin mnitrs are nrmally fixed n lamppsts at abut nine feet in the air. Hwever, since Baggy stands at abut the same height as a child in a pushchair（嬰兒車）, she frequently recrds pllutin levels which are much higher than the data gathered by the Envirnment A gency.
The dggy data research was the idea f Baggy's 13-year-ld wner Tm Hunt and his dad Matt. The English yungster nticed that pllutin levels are arund tw-thirds higher clse t the grund than they are in the air at the height where they are recrded by the agency. Tm has since reprted the shcking findings t the gvernment in an attempt t emphasise that babies are at higher risk f develping asthma（哮喘）.
Matt Hunt said he was "very prud" f his sn because “when the by gets an idea, he keeps his head dwn and gets n with it, and he really des want t d sme gd and stp yung kids frm getting asthma."
“Tm built up a passin fr envirnmental prtectin at a very early age," Matt added. “He became very interested in gadgets（小裝置）. Abut ne year ag, he gt this new piece f tech which is like a test tube. One Sunday afternn, we went ut t d sme mnitring, and he said, why dn't we put it n Baggy's cllar and let her mnitr the pllutin？'S we did it."
Tm said, "Mst f the time, Baggy is just like any ther dg. But fr the rest f the time she is a super dg, and we are all really prud f her."
5．With a mnitr n her cllar, Baggy can ____________.
A．take pllutant readingsB．recrd pllutant levels
C．prcess cllected dataD．reduce air pllutin
6．What can we learn frm the Baggy data?
A．High places are free f air pllutin.
B．Higher pushchairs are mre risky fr kids.
C．Cnventinal mnitrs are mre reliable.
D．Air is mre plluted clser t the grund.
7．What is Tm's purpse f ding the research?
A．T warn f a health risk.B．T find ut pllutin surces.
C．T test his new mnitr.D．T prve Baggy's abilities.
8．Accrding t the passage, which wrd can best describe Tm Hunt?
A．Mdest.B．Generus.C．Creative.D．Outging.
【答案】5．B
6．D
7．A
8．C
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇說明文。主要講述了13歲的孩子Tm Hunt和他的爸爸通過在自己的寵物狗的脖子上戴污染監(jiān)測(cè)器來記錄地面附近的污染物水平；監(jiān)測(cè)儀顯示，接近地面的空氣污染水平更高，這有助于強(qiáng)調(diào)嬰兒和幼兒可能面臨更高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)發(fā)展肺部問題的擔(dān)憂。
5．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為：她的衣領(lǐng)上戴著監(jiān)視器，Baggy 可以…。根據(jù)文章第二段Baggy wears a pllutin mnitr n her cllar s she can take data measurements clse t the grund. Baggy在她的衣領(lǐng)上戴著污染監(jiān)測(cè)器，這樣她就可以在接近地面的地方進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)測(cè)量。可知戴著污染監(jiān)測(cè)器可以記錄污染物的水平。故答案為B項(xiàng)。
6．
推理判斷題。本題題干意為：我們從Baggy收集到的數(shù)據(jù)中可以了解到什么？根據(jù)文章第二段 Her mnitr has shwn that air pllutin levels are higher clser t grund level, which has helped highlight cncerns that babies and yung kids may be at higher risk f develping lung prblems.她的監(jiān)測(cè)儀顯示，接近地面的空氣污染水平更高，這有助于突顯嬰兒和幼童罹患肺部疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更高的擔(dān)憂?？芍咏孛娴目諝馕廴舅礁摺９蚀鸢笧镈項(xiàng)。
7．
推理判斷題。本題題干意為：進(jìn)行這項(xiàng)研究Tm的意圖是？根據(jù)文章第四段Tm has since reprted the shcking findings t the gvernment in an attempt t emphasize that babies are at higher risk f develping asthma（哮喘）.湯姆已經(jīng)令人震驚的發(fā)現(xiàn)報(bào)告給政府,試圖強(qiáng)調(diào),嬰兒患哮喘的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更高?？芍猅m研究的目的是對(duì)健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)提出警告。故答案為A項(xiàng)。
8．
推理判斷題。本題題干意為：根據(jù)文章，哪個(gè)詞最能描述湯姆·亨特?根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Tm built up a passin fr envirnmental prtectin at a very early age," Matt added. “He became very interested in gadgets（小裝置）.Abut ne year ag, he gt this new piece f tech which is like a test tube. One Sunday afternn, we went ut t d sme mnitring, and he said, why dn't we put it n Baggy's cllar and let her mnitr the pllutin？'S we did it."湯姆在很小的時(shí)候就對(duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)產(chǎn)生了熱情，馬特補(bǔ)充說。他非常感興趣的產(chǎn)品(小裝置)。大約一年前，他得到了一個(gè)類似試管的新技術(shù)。一個(gè)星期天的下午，我們出去做一些監(jiān)測(cè)，他說，為什么我們不把它戴在Baggy的衣領(lǐng)上，讓她監(jiān)測(cè)污染?于是我們就這么做了?？芍猅m是非常的有創(chuàng)造力的。故答案為C項(xiàng)。
（2019·北京·高考真題）Alice Mre is a teenager entrepreneur(創(chuàng)業(yè)者), wh in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy. By the time she was 13, her cmpany was wrth millins f dllars with the inventin f a super-sweet treat that culd save kids’ teeth, instead f destrying them.
It all began when Mre visited a bank with her dad. On the uting, she was ffered a candy bar. Hwever, her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad fr her teeth. But Mre was sick f missing ut n candies. S she desired t get rund the warning, “Why can’t I make a healthy candy that’s gd fr my teeth s that my parents can’t say n t it?” With that in mind, Mre asked her dad if she culd start her wn candy cmpany. He recmmended that she d sme research and talk t dentists abut what a healthier candy wuld cntain.
With her dad’s permissin, she spent the next tw years researching nline and cnducting trials t get a recipe that was bth tasty and tth-friendly. She als apprached dentists t learn mre abut teeth cleaning. Cnsequently, she succeeded in making a kind f candy nly using natural sweeteners, which can reduce ral bacteria.
Mre then used her savings t get her business ff the grund. Afterwards, she and her father secured their first business meeting with a supermarket wner, wh finally agreed t sell Mre’s prduct—CanCandy.
As CanCandy’s success grws, s des Mre’s credibility as a yung entrepreneur. Mre is enthusiastic abut the candy she created, and she’s als psitive abut what the future might bring. She hpes that every kid can have a clean muth and a brad smile.
Meanwhile, with her parents’ help, Mre is generally able t live a nrmal teenage life. Althugh she funded her cmpany early n in life, she wasn’t driven primarily by prfit. Mre wants t use her unique talent t help thers find their smiles. She dnates 10% f AilicCandy’s prfits t Big Smiles. With her talent and determinatin, it appears that the sky culd be the limit fr Alice Mre.
9．Hw did Mre react t her dad’s warning?
A．She argued with him.B．She tried t find a way ut.
C．She paid n attentin.D．She chse t cnsult dentists.
10．What is special abut CanCandy?
A．It is beneficial t dental health.B．It is free f sweeteners.
C．It is sweeter than ther candies.D．It is prduced t a dentists’ recipe.
11．What des Mre expect frm her business?
A．T earn mre mney.B．T help thers find smiles.
C．T make herself stand ut.D．T beat ther candy cmpanies.
12．What can we learn frm Alice Mre’s stry?
A．Fame is a great thirst f the yung.
B．A yuth is t be regarded with respect.
C．Psitive thinking and actin result in success.
D．Success means getting persnal desires satisfied
【答案】9．B
10．A
11．B
12．C
【解析】
【分析】
這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Alice Mre，一個(gè)年輕有為的創(chuàng)業(yè)者的故事，故事告訴我們：積極的思考和行動(dòng)會(huì)帶來成功。
9．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的But Mre was sick f missing ut n candies. S she desired t get rund the warning, “Why can’t I make a healthy candy that’s gd fr my teeth s that my parents can’t say n t it?”及下文她想方設(shè)法最終制作出了叫CanCandy的糖果可知，她對(duì)父親的警告的反應(yīng)是：她試圖找到一條出路，解決問題。故選B。
10．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的Cnsequently, she succeeded in making a kind f candy nly using natural sweeteners, which can reduce ral bacteria.可知，這種糖只使用天然甜味劑，可以減少口腔細(xì)菌，因此它對(duì)牙齒有利。故選A。
11．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的Mre wants t use her unique talent t help thers find their smiles.可知，Mre想用她獨(dú)特的才能幫助其他人找到自己的笑容。故選B。
12．推理判斷題。文章主要講述了Mr的創(chuàng)業(yè)故事，她之所以能成功，源于面對(duì)問題和困難時(shí)，她樂觀地看待問題，積極地想方設(shè)法去解決問題。因此，通過她的故事讓我們懂得積極的思考和行動(dòng)會(huì)帶來成功。故選C。
（2022·廣西柳州·三模）The DNA f 6.7 millin species culd be stred inside the Mn in case there's a disaster that destrys life n the Earth. Scientists have a plan t create a “l(fā)unar ark”, which is like “Nah's Ark”, the ship in which Nah saved animals frm a fd, accrding t the Bible. The lunar ark wuld cntain millins f samples f reprductive cells and seeds frm all he 6.7 millin knwn plant, animal and fungi species n the Earth. The researchers think the lunar ark culd be put in the hllwed ut lava tubes that exit n the Mn's surface. It is thught that these cave-like netwrks were created by lava billins f years ag. Rbts wuld be sent inside the tubes t start building the ark.
When the ark is cmplete, scientists think it culd be pwered by slar panels n the surface s that all the samples inside can be kept at crygenic temperatures withut the risk f being rtten ver decades, if nt centuries. I will als ne things like an airlck and lighting fr human visitrs.
Researcher Jekan Thanga and a team f students frm the University f Arizna in the US have mapped ut the thery. They think it wuld take 250 rcket trip t the Mn t cmplete the lunar ark. “Earth is naturally likely t change suddenly,” Prfessr Thanga said, “It's safer t sre the samples n the Mn in case the Earth is destryed.”
The lunar ark cncept was presented by the researchers at the IEEE Aerspace Cnference in early March. They listed super-vlcanes, asterid impacts and climate change as reasns we might need t stre samples f life in case we need t start again. Thanga said: “The envirnment and human civilizatin are bth very fragile.” Nt all f the technlgy needed t make the ark exists yet but the scientists think it culd be made reality within the next 30 years.
13．Where will the lunar ark be placed n the Mn?
A．On the ship created by Nah.B．In the cave-like netwrks made by rbts.
C．On the panels pwered by the Sun.D．In the empty lava tubes frmed a lng time ag.
14．What des the underlined wrd “crygenic” in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A．Mild.B．Mediate.C．Lw.D．High.
15．What can we knw frm the text?
A．Sme prblems are t be slved befre the lunar ark is built.
B．150 rcket trips t the Mn will be needed t build the lunar ark.
C．The lunar ark can run well withut energy.
D．The envirnment n the Earth is a steady as human civilizatin.
16．What is the best title fr the text?
A．A Lunar Ark Grwn frm Vlcan EruptinsB．A Lunar Ark against Asterid Impacts
C．A Lunar Ark fr Life PreservatinD．A Lander fr Human's Lunar Explratin
【答案】13．D
14．C
15．A
16．C
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】
這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了科學(xué)家計(jì)劃制造一艘類似“諾亞方舟”的“月球方舟”來儲(chǔ)存地球上物種的DNA。文章介紹了其工作方式以及建造需要面臨的一些問題。
13．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“The researchers think the lunar ark culd be put in the hllwed ut lava tubes that exit n the Mn's surface. It is thught that these cave-like netwrks were created by lava billins f years ag.(研究人員認(rèn)為，月球方舟可以放在月球表面的鏤空熔巖管中。據(jù)認(rèn)為，這些洞穴狀的網(wǎng)絡(luò)是數(shù)十億年前由熔巖形成的)”可知，月球方舟將被放置在月球在很久以前形成的空熔巖管中。故選D。
14．
詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“When the ark is cmplete, scientists think it culd be pwered by slar panels n the surface s that all the samples inside can be kept at”以及后文“temperatures withut the risk f being rtten ver decades, if nt centuries”可知，當(dāng)方舟完成后，科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為它可以由表面的太陽(yáng)能電池板提供能量，這樣里面的所有樣本都可以在低溫下保存，而不會(huì)在幾十年甚至幾百年里腐爛。故畫線詞意思是“低的”。A. Mild.輕微的；B. Mediate.居間的；C. Lw.低的；D. High.高的。故選C。
15．
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“The lunar ark cncept was presented by the researchers at the IEEE Aerspace Cnference in early March. They listed super-vlcanes, asterid impacts and climate change as reasns we might need t stre samples f life in case we need t start again. Thanga said: “The envirnment and human civilizatin are bth very fragile.” Nt all f the technlgy needed t make the ark exists yet but the scientists think it culd be made reality within the next 30 years. (月球方舟的概念是由研究人員在三月初的IEEE航空航天會(huì)議上提出的。他們列舉了超級(jí)火山、小行星撞擊和氣候變化等原因，認(rèn)為我們可能需要儲(chǔ)存生命樣本，以防我們需要重新開始。唐加說：“環(huán)境和人類文明都非常脆弱。”制造方舟所需的技術(shù)還不完全存在，但科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為，在未來30年內(nèi)，這可能成為現(xiàn)實(shí))”可知，在建造月球方舟之前，還有一些問題需要解決。故選A。
16．
主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中“The DNA f 6.7 millin species culd be stred inside the Mn in case there's a disaster that destrys life n the Earth. Scientists have a plan t create a “l(fā)unar ark”, which is like “Nah's Ark”, the ship in which Nah saved animals frm a fd, accrding t the Bible. The lunar ark wuld cntain millins f samples f reprductive cells and seeds frm all he 6.7 millin knwn plant, animal and fungi species n the Earth.(670萬個(gè)物種的DNA可以儲(chǔ)存在月球上，以防發(fā)生破壞地球生命的災(zāi)難。據(jù)《圣經(jīng)》記載，諾亞方舟是諾亞拯救動(dòng)物的船?？茖W(xué)家計(jì)劃制造一艘類似“諾亞方舟”的“月球方舟”。月球方舟將包含數(shù)百萬個(gè)生殖細(xì)胞和種子的樣本，這些樣本來自地球上已知的670萬種植物、動(dòng)物和真菌)”結(jié)合文章主要說明了科學(xué)家計(jì)劃制造一艘類似“諾亞方舟”的“月球方舟”來儲(chǔ)存地球上物種的DNA。文章介紹了其工作方式以及建造需要面臨的一些問題?？芍?，C選項(xiàng)“保存生命的月球方舟”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選C。
（2022·安徽蚌埠·三模）Japanese autmaker Tyta says it will team up with the cuntry’s space agency t develp a vehicle called the Lunar Cruiser t explre the mn. The name cmes frm a ppular Tyta vehicle called the Land Cruiser. The cmpany said it plans t launch the vehicle in the late 2020s. After that, Tyta said the vehicle culd assist peple living n the mn by 2040 and culd pssibly be sent t Mars as well.
Taka Sat heads the cmpany’s Lunar Cruiser prject. He tld The Assciated Press the vehicle is based n the idea that peple eat, wrk, sleep and cmmunicate with thers safely in cars. He hpes theLunar Cruiser can serve the same purpse in space. “We see space as an area fr ur nce-in-a-century transfrmatin, ” Sat said, “By ging t space, we may be able t develp telecmmunicatins and ther technlgy that will prve valuable t human life. ”
Anther cmpany, Gitai Japan Inc., is partnering with Tyta t develp a rbtic arm fr the Lunar Cruiser. It will be designed t perfrm jbs such as carrying ut inspectins and maintaining the vehicle. The cmpany said the arm will be built t wrk with different tls. These tls culd be used t study the mn’s surface mre clsely.
Interest in space has been grwing in Japan in recent years. Japanese space explratin cmpany iSpace annunced last April that it wuld transprt an explrer belnging t the United Arab Emirates (UAE) t the mn in 2022. Japan’s iSpace will prvide the lander t carry the UAE’s rver(探測(cè)器).
The cmpany plans t launch the lander n a Falcn 9 rcket built by American cmpany SpaceX. Japanese citizens fllwed the trip t space last year f billinaire Yusaku Maezawa. He spent 12 days abard the Internatinal Space Statin. Maezawa als plans in the future t rbit arund the mn n a SpaceX’s Starship spacecraft.
Tyta engineer Shinichir Nda said he thinks the lunar prject can extend the cmpany’s traditin f serving custmers t a place beynd Earth. He said Tyta currently has vehicles almst everywhere. “But this is abut taking ur cars t smewhere we have never been, ” Nda said.
17．What’s the ultimate purpse f the Lunar Cruiser prject?
A．T better human life.B．T make safe vehicles.
C．T prve the previus idea.D．T transfrm cmmunicatin.
18．What’s Paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A．Japan’s enthusiasm in space.B．Japan’s achievements in space.
C．Japan’s ptential in space travel.D．Japan ’s ambitin t explre space.
19．What’ s Shinichir Nda’s attitude twards the lunar prject?
A．Negative.B．Dubtful.
C．Cautius.D．Psitive.
20．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A．Japanese Curisity in Mn Travel Generated
B．Great Cntributin Made in Explring Mars
C．Rver Built by Tyta t Be Landed n Mars
D．Tyta t Help Develp Vehicle t Explre Mn
【答案】17．A
18．A
19．D
20．D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】
這是一篇說明文。主要講述了日本汽車制造公司豐田計(jì)劃和日本航天局合作研發(fā)一款月球探測(cè)車。
17．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“He tld The Assciated Press the vehicle is based n the idea that peple eat, wrk, sleep and cmmunicate with thers safely in cars. He hpes theLunar Cruiser can serve the same purpse in space.”（他對(duì)美聯(lián)社表示，這種車的設(shè)計(jì)理念是，人們?cè)谲嚴(yán)锇踩燥?、工作、睡覺和與他人交流。他希望月球巡洋艦?zāi)茉谔罩邪l(fā)揮同樣的作用。）可知，月球巡洋艦項(xiàng)目的目的是改善人們的生活。故選A項(xiàng)。
18．
主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“Interest in space has been grwing in Japan in recent years.”（近年來，日本對(duì)太空的興趣一直在增長(zhǎng)。）可知，該段主要在說明日本對(duì)航天科技的興趣。故選A項(xiàng)。
19．
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Tyta engineer Shinichir Nda said he thinks the lunar prject can extend the cmpany’s traditin f serving custmers t a place beynd Earth.”（豐田工程師Shinichir Nda說，他認(rèn)為月球項(xiàng)目可以將公司服務(wù)客戶的傳統(tǒng)延伸到地球以外的地方。）可知，Shinichir Nda對(duì)于該項(xiàng)目的態(tài)度是很積極的。故選D項(xiàng)。
20．
主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Japanese autmaker Tyta says it will team up with the cuntry’s space agency t develp a vehicle called the Lunar Cruiser t explre the mn.”（日本汽車制造商豐田公司表示，將與日本航天局合作開發(fā)一種名為“月球巡洋艦”的航天器，以探索月球。）以及后文主要在詳細(xì)說明該項(xiàng)目的各項(xiàng)情況及專業(yè)人士對(duì)待該項(xiàng)目的態(tài)度等，所以該篇文章主要在講述豐田公司計(jì)劃研發(fā)月球探測(cè)車。故選D項(xiàng)。
（2022·四川·涼山彝族自治州教育科學(xué)研究所二模）This year, several yung athletes have shne brightly at the Beijing Winter Olympics, giving us a glimpse f their generatin’s nature.
Obviusly, the yung generatin is filled with “brave warrirs” wh want t challenge impssibilities and push bundaries. Freestyle skier Gu Ailing is a gd example. After she finished strng in the first tw jumps in the wmen’s free-ski Big Air event, it was certain that she culd get a medal. But instead f taking heed f it, the 18-year-ld skier pushed herself t the limit. On the last jump, Gu decided t attempt a difficult trick: a left duble crk 1620—fur and a half rtatins in the air—befre landing. “I have never dne the ‘left 16’ befre. I hadn’t prepared much fr it apart frm tw days n the air bag,” Gu tld China Daily, “but I felt it was a chance.”
But fr these yung athletes, the sprt is never just abut scres, but als abut having as much fun as pssible.
Brn in the US, Gu faced criticism and dubts fr representing China in the Beijing Winter Olympics. When questined by The Guardian, the girl said bluntly she wasn’t trying t make everyne happy. “I’m an 18-year-ld girl ut here living my best life. I’m having a great time.” Gu said. “It desn’t really matter if ther peple are happy r nt, because I feel I’ m ding my best and I’m enjying the entire prcess.”
Gu’s gd friend, Chinese snwbarder Su Yiming als shares a similar attitude. He takes sprts as a way t have fun. After he was judged t have lst the gld t Canadian athlete Max Parrt in the men’s slpestyle final, the 17-year-ld didn’t feel upset. Instead, he was happy t have the chance t cmpete with his idl.
“When I was n the pdium hugging Max Parrt, it felt unreal,” Su tld China Daily. “All I did tday was enjy the runs and cncentrate n my tricks. As lng as I am n my snwbard I am happy.”
21．The phrase “taking heed f it” underlined in paragraph 2 can be replaced by ______.
A．playing it safeB．taking a risk
C．a(chǎn)viding mistakesD．taking part in it
22．What can we knw abut Gu Ailing accrding t the text?
A．She didn’t perfrm well.B．She is a pst-00.
C．She was an American.D．She isn’t easy-ging
23．Wh gt the gld medal in the men’s slpestyle final?
A．Nt mentined.B．Gu Ailing.C．Su Yiming.D．Max Parrt.
24．What des the reprter want t cnvey in this text?
A．The yung generatin shares a similar attitude.
B．Yung athletes shw the nature f the yung generatin.
C．Yung Chinese dare t push the limits but als enjy their career.
D．Yung athletes have shne brightly at the Beijing Winter Olympics.
【答案】21．A
22．B
23．D
24．C
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】
這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要通過運(yùn)動(dòng)員谷愛凌和蘇一鳴的事例，說明了中國(guó)的年輕人敢于挑戰(zhàn)極限，但也享受他們的事業(yè)。
21．
詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中“After she finished strng in the first tw jumps in the wmen’s free-ski Big Air event, it was certain that she culd get a medal.(在女子自由滑空中跳躍項(xiàng)目中，她在前兩跳中表現(xiàn)出色，就可以確定她能獲得獎(jiǎng)牌了)”以及畫線詞后文“the 18-year-ld skier pushed herself t the limit.”可知，上文but表示轉(zhuǎn)折，說明頭兩輪她成績(jī)突出，奪冠勢(shì)頭已經(jīng)十分明朗了，但是她卻沒有謹(jǐn)慎行事，而是挑戰(zhàn)她的極限。故畫線詞意思是“謹(jǐn)慎行事”。故選A。
22．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“But instead f taking heed f it, the 18-year-ld skier pushed herself t the limit.(但這位18歲的滑雪者并沒有注意到這一點(diǎn)，而是將自己推到了極限)”可知，谷愛凌是00后。故選B。
23．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“After he was judged t have lst the gld t Canadian athlete Max Parrt in the men’s slpestyle final, the 17-year-ld didn’t feel upset.(在男子坡面障礙技巧決賽中，17歲的他被判定將金牌輸給加拿大運(yùn)動(dòng)員Max Parrt，但他并沒有感到沮喪)”可知，Max Parrt在男子坡面障礙技巧決賽中獲得金牌。故選D。
24．
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Obviusly, the yung generatin is filled with “brave warrirs” wh want t challenge impssibilities and push bundaries. (顯然，年輕一代充滿了“勇敢的勇士”，他們想挑戰(zhàn)不可能，突破界限)”以及倒數(shù)第二段中“Gu’s gd friend, Chinese snwbarder Su Yiming als shares a similar attitude. He takes sprts as a way t have fun.(谷愛凌的好朋友、中國(guó)單板滑雪運(yùn)動(dòng)員蘇一鳴也有類似的看法。他把運(yùn)動(dòng)當(dāng)作一種樂趣)” 綜合谷愛凌和蘇一鳴的事例，可推知，記者想要表達(dá)的是：中國(guó)的年輕人敢于挑戰(zhàn)極限，但也享受他們的事業(yè)。故選C。
（2022·江蘇·蘇州市蘇州高新區(qū)第一中學(xué)一模）Nw, an increasing number f cities are suspending recycling services, partly ut f fear that wrkers might cntact the crnavirus frm ne anther while srting thrugh used water bttles, fd cntainers and bxes. One slutin: Let rbts d the jb.
Since the crnavirus tk hld in the United States last mnth, AMP Rbtics has seen a “significant” increase in rders fr its rbts that use artificial intelligence t srt thrugh recycled material, and weed ut trash. Sme facilities that were lking at getting ne r tw rbts are nw saying, “We need quite a bit mre.” The Clrad cmpany’s chief executive, Matanya Hrwitz said, “It’s all mving quite fast.”
Befre the pandemic, autmatin had been gradually replacing human wrk in a range f jbs, frm call centers t warehuses and grcery stres, as cmpanies lked t cut labr csts and imprve prfit.
But labr and rbtics experts say scial-distancing directives, which are likely t cntinue in sme frm after the crisis becme less strng, culd cause mre industries t accelerate their use f autmatin. And lng-lasting wrries abut jb lsses r a brad unease abut having machines cntrl vital aspects f daily life culd disappear as sciety sees the benefits f restructuring wrkplaces in ways that minimize clse human cntact.
Recycling is ne industry that may be altered permanently by the pandemic. Sme wrkers, wh earn as little as $10 an hur, have been cncerned abut cming t wrk during the crisis and sme cities have been cmpeting t find enugh prtective gear (防護(hù)裝備) fr all f their emplyees. Federal health fficials have assured them that the risks f transmissin frm husehld refuse is lw. But wrkers in recycling facilities ften wrk side by side srting material, making scial distancing difficult.
At AMP Rbtics, executives like Mr. Hrwitz say their rbts will enable recycling facilities t space ut their emplyees, wh stand at cnveyr belts weeding thrugh the used plastic and paper.
25．What can we learn frm the first tw paragraphs?
A．The pandemic becmes less strng.B．Rbts are in greater demand nw.
C．Recycling services aren’t satisfying.D．Unemplyment is sharply n the rise.
26．Hw d peple feel abut autmatin after the pandemic?
A．Panicked.B．Dubtful.C．Appreciative.D．Uncncerned.
27．In which aspect will rbts help mst in recycling industry?
A．Srting ut recycled material.B．Minimizing clse human cntact.
C．Replacing the jbs f cheap labr.D．Prducing enugh prtective gear.
28．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Pandemic accelerates autmatin.B．Rbts cause severe unemplyment.
C．Recycling industry is changing.D．Scial distancing is still imprtant.
【答案】25．B
26．C
27．B
28．A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】
本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了肆虐的疫情加速了自動(dòng)化的發(fā)展，智能機(jī)器人開始代替人類從事垃圾回收工作。
25．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Since the crnavirus tk hld in the United States last mnth, AMP Rbtics has seen a “significant” increase in rders fr its rbts that use artificial intelligence t srt thrugh recycled material, and weed ut trash.(自上個(gè)月冠狀病毒在美國(guó)流行以來，AMP Rbtics公司的機(jī)器人訂單出現(xiàn)了“顯著”增長(zhǎng)，這些機(jī)器人使用人工智能來分類回收材料，并清除垃圾)”可知，如今智能機(jī)器人的需求量變大了。故選B。
26．
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“And lng-lasting wrries abut jb lsses r a brad unease abut having machines cntrl vital aspects f daily life culd disappear as sciety sees the benefits f restructuring wrkplaces in ways that minimize clse human cntact.(隨著社會(huì)意識(shí)到以減少人類密切接觸的方式重組工作場(chǎng)所的好處，對(duì)失業(yè)的長(zhǎng)期擔(dān)憂或?qū)C(jī)器控制日常生活重要方面的普遍不安可能會(huì)消失)”可推斷，疫情過后人們?cè)诳创龣C(jī)器人代替人工處理工作這件事的態(tài)度發(fā)生了改變，即人們對(duì)自動(dòng)化是贊賞的。故選C。
27．
推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“But wrkers in recycling facilities ften wrk side by side srting material, making scial distancing difficult.(但回收設(shè)施的工作人員經(jīng)常肩并肩地整理材料，這使得保持社交距離變得困難)”以及最后一段“At AMP Rbtics, executives like Mr. Hrwitz say their rbts will enable recycling facilities t space ut their emplyees, wh stand at cnveyr belts weeding thrugh the used plastic and paper.(在AMP Rbtics公司，霍洛維茨等高管表示，他們的機(jī)器人將幫助回收機(jī)構(gòu)將站在傳送帶上清理用過的塑料和紙張的員工分隔開來)”可知，機(jī)器人保證了工人之間的社交距離，極大地降低了感染病毒的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。由此可推斷，回收產(chǎn)業(yè)的機(jī)器人在減少人與人之間的密切接觸方面的幫助最大。故選B。
28．
主旨大意題。通讀全文尤其是第四段“But labr and rbtics experts say scial-distancing directives, which are likely t cntinue in sme frm after the crisis becme less strng, culd cause mre industries t accelerate their use f autmatin.(但勞工和機(jī)器人專家表示，社交距離指令可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致更多行業(yè)加速使用自動(dòng)化。在危機(jī)減弱后，這種指令可能會(huì)以某種形式繼續(xù)下去)”可知，文章介紹了自美國(guó)疫情肆虐以來，為降低工人感染病毒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，很多城市不得不暫停了垃圾回收服務(wù)。然而，與此同時(shí)，AMP Rbtics公司智能機(jī)器人的訂單數(shù)量卻有了顯著增長(zhǎng)，這家公司生產(chǎn)的智能機(jī)器人可以幫助回收材料，并清除垃圾。因此，很多行業(yè)都加速了他們應(yīng)用自動(dòng)化的進(jìn)程。由此可知，文章主要介紹疫情加速了自動(dòng)化發(fā)展。故選A。
（2022·陜西·略陽(yáng)縣天津高級(jí)中學(xué)二模）Chinese peple spent mre time n leisure activities in 2021 cmpared with the perid befre the nvel crnavirus hit, accrding t a recent reprt by the China Turism Academy. The academy said that urban residents’ leisure time was clsely related t their wrk. They spent mre time n leisure activities n weekends in 2021, abut 4. 4hurs a day, cmpared with an average f 3.82 hurs a day n wrkdays. It said that urban residents’ leisure time increased bth at weekends and during hlidays in 2021 when cmpared with 2019. Daily weekend leisure time increased by 0.91 f an hur and that during hlidays by 0.64 f an hur. The time that peple in rural areas spent enjying leisure activities rse nearly 39 percent cmpared with 2019, increasing t 4.36 hurs a day frm 3.14 hurs befre the COVID-19 pandemic struck.
Shpping at physical stres remained the mst ppular leisure activity fr bth urban residents and peple in the cuntryside, fllwed by activities like facial treatments, hairdressing and manicures(修指甲). “Shpping is my favrite way t give vent t my negative emtins and pressure, als fr leisure,” said Li Lingli, a 28-year-ld financial analyst in Beijing. She said she had quite a heavy wrklad n wrkdays and als n weekends, meaning she didn't have much time t enjy ther leisure activities, especially utdr nes like camping r hiking.
The reprt said it will be difficult t increase peple’s leisure time in the future due t the large amunt f time they spend wrking and lking after children.
A recent survey by the academy shws that 50 percent f urban residents wrked ver eight hurs a day and 15 percent wrked ver 10 hurs a day. “Heavy wrklad is truly a big prblem,” Li said. “Fr me, as lng as I dn’t message r email back my clients, it’s my leisure time. I smetimes g t museums r exhibitins ver hlidays. It’s als a gd frm f leisure t appreciate beautiful art pieces.”
Dai Bin, chairman f the academy, said at an nline cnference that with mre rural residents spending time n leisure activities thanks t the natin's rural vitalizatin(振興)plicy, the turism market and travel cmpanies will embrace new grwth in the future.
29．Hw many hurs did peple in rural areas spend a day n leisure activities in 2021?
A．3.14.B．3.82.C．4. 36.D．4.4.
30．What can be knwn abut the reprt by the China Turism Academy?
A．Turing arund was the mst ppular leisure activity.
B．A quarter f urban residents wrked mre than ten hurs a day.
C．Peple will find it hard t have mre and mre leisure time in the future.
D．Urban residents' leisure time didn't have much t d with their wrk.
31．What des the underlined phrase "give vent t" in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Turn ver.B．Let ut.C．Make fr.D．Figure ut.
32．Which can be a suitable title fr the news reprt?
A．Peple spend mre time n leisure activities, reprt says
B．Mre peple prefer free time after wrk, reprt says
C．Peple treasure time fr leisure activities, reprt says
D．Mre peple enjy themselves during weekends and hlidays, reprt says
【答案】29．C
30．C
31．B
32．A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】
本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要講了中國(guó)旅游研究院近日發(fā)布的一份報(bào)告：與新冠肺炎疫情爆發(fā)前相比，2021年中國(guó)人花在休閑活動(dòng)上的時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)；但是，由于人們將大量的時(shí)間花在工作和照顧孩子上，未來人們的休閑時(shí)間將很難增加。
29．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“The time that peple in rural areas spent enjying leisure activities rse nearly 39 percent cmpared with 2019, increasing t 4.36 hurs a day frm 3.14 hurs befre the COVID-19 pandemic struck.(農(nóng)村居民享受休閑活動(dòng)的時(shí)間比2019年增加了近39%，從新冠肺炎疫情前的3.14小時(shí)增加到了4.36小時(shí))”可知，2021年，農(nóng)村地區(qū)每天有4.36小時(shí)用于休閑活動(dòng)。故選C項(xiàng)。
30．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第三段“The reprt said it will be difficult t increase peple's leisure time in the future due t the large amunt f time they spend wrking and lking after children.(該報(bào)告稱，由于人們將大量的時(shí)間花在工作和照顧孩子上，未來將很難增加人們的休閑時(shí)間)”可知，人們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)在未來很難有越來越多的閑暇時(shí)間。故選C項(xiàng)。
31．
詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)該短語(yǔ)所在句子“Shpping is my favrite way t give vent t my negative emtins and pressure, als fr leisure(購(gòu)物是我give vent t消極情緒和壓力的最喜歡的方式，也是一種休閑方式)”可知，購(gòu)物是她釋放負(fù)面情緒和壓力的最好方式。give vent t意為“發(fā)泄，釋放”；A.Turn ver(移交，翻過來)；B.Let ut(放出，泄露，出租)；C.Make fr(導(dǎo)致，有助于，走向)；D.Figure ut(解決；算出；想出)，B項(xiàng)與劃線詞語(yǔ)意相近。故選B項(xiàng)。
32．
主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，尤其是第一段“Chinese peple spent mre time n leisure activities in 2021 cmpared with the perid befre the nvel crnavirus hit, accrding t a recent reprt by the China Turism Academy.(中國(guó)旅游研究院近日發(fā)布的一份報(bào)告顯示，與新冠肺炎疫情爆發(fā)前相比，2021年中國(guó)人花在休閑活動(dòng)上的時(shí)間更長(zhǎng))”可知，報(bào)告稱，人們花更多的時(shí)間在休閑活動(dòng)上。故選A項(xiàng)。

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