押北京卷35—39題閱讀理解七選五 -備戰(zhàn)2021年高考英語臨考題號(hào)押題（北京卷）-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

?押北京卷第35—39題
閱讀理解七選五

1.考查特點(diǎn)：考查以說明文為主，內(nèi)容、主題多是社會(huì)生活和文化科技；題型以段中句為主，段首句和段尾句為輔。其中有考查非完整句的情況。
2.素養(yǎng)考查：話題多關(guān)注情感態(tài)度、心理及精神培育、生活技能等，與當(dāng)代社會(huì)生活緊密相關(guān)，人文氣息濃厚，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生關(guān)愛自我、關(guān)愛社會(huì)、熱愛生活、傳播正能量。
3.命題趨勢(shì)：選材注重兩方面的內(nèi)容：一是貼近考生、貼近生活、新穎、時(shí)代感強(qiáng)的材料；二是邏輯性強(qiáng)，結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，層次分明，突出對(duì)“篇章結(jié)構(gòu)”的整體理解，側(cè)重考查考生的邏輯思維能力。
通常來說，解答七選五題型，我們要遵循以下幾個(gè)步驟，以求得最大正答率。
1．通讀全文，了解文章大意
這是一個(gè)泛讀的過程，目的是了解文章大意，為以后的理解做鋪墊。
2．分析句型，了解語法構(gòu)成
當(dāng)我們了解了文章大意后，要明確每一個(gè)空是填一個(gè)完整的句子還是從句。這一點(diǎn)十分重要，它能夠幫助我們迅速確定某些空的選項(xiàng)范圍，比如，有一個(gè)空的結(jié)尾處是逗號(hào)，后文緊跟著一個(gè)句子，很顯然這時(shí)我們需要填一個(gè)從句，可以在七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中找到是從句的選項(xiàng)，從而縮小選擇范圍。
3．明確關(guān)聯(lián)關(guān)系
任何句子都是要么和上文有聯(lián)系，要么和下文有聯(lián)系，要么和上下文都有聯(lián)系，因?yàn)橐黄恼虏粌H僅是句子的整合，也是有含義的連貫性的，怎樣確定這種關(guān)系？
(1)根據(jù)位置：注意空缺處在文中的位置，當(dāng)空缺處在段首時(shí)，應(yīng)注意此段首句之后的部分，這是因?yàn)槲恼碌拿恳欢瓮鶚?gòu)成總分結(jié)構(gòu)，這一點(diǎn)在說明文和議論文中尤為明顯，而七選五的選材往往是說明文和議論文；當(dāng)空缺處在段中時(shí)，則需要看空缺處前后的內(nèi)容；當(dāng)空缺處在段末時(shí)，則需要看前文的內(nèi)容，因?yàn)檫@一句最有可能是對(duì)整段的一個(gè)總結(jié)和概括。當(dāng)然，以上分析只是主流情形，也有可能出現(xiàn)其他情況，這時(shí)需要具體問題具體分析。
(2)根據(jù)含義：在第一步了解大意的基礎(chǔ)上，現(xiàn)在要做的是詳細(xì)閱讀以便明確每一個(gè)空的具體關(guān)聯(lián)關(guān)系，這時(shí)要結(jié)合選項(xiàng)同時(shí)做(注意在第二步范圍縮小的基礎(chǔ)上)，常見的關(guān)聯(lián)關(guān)系有：順承、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、并列、舉例。最常見的就是根據(jù)代詞含義，因?yàn)槿绻衔某霈F(xiàn)了某個(gè)名詞或概念時(shí)，后文再次提及它，往往為了避免重復(fù)，會(huì)使用代詞，只是后文對(duì)前文的一個(gè)很好的提示，例如：后文出現(xiàn)了it，那前文出現(xiàn)的名詞一定是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或者不可數(shù)名詞或者是一件事；后文出現(xiàn)了this man，那前文一定要有一句話在說這個(gè)人的情況，后文才能用this這個(gè)代詞，等等；其次，根據(jù)形容詞、副詞確定關(guān)聯(lián)關(guān)系也比較常見，形容詞、副詞往往表達(dá)了作者的感情色彩，這對(duì)于我們排除干擾選項(xiàng)十分關(guān)鍵，比如：上文所使用的形容詞、副詞全是褒義詞匯，語調(diào)陽光積極，后文如果和前文是順承關(guān)系，必然也應(yīng)該用正能量的語調(diào)；當(dāng)然，根據(jù)其他詞匯確定關(guān)聯(lián)關(guān)系也都有可能。
4．宏觀把握，選擇最佳答案
最后作答時(shí)，當(dāng)我們對(duì)于某一個(gè)空有兩個(gè)不同的答案時(shí)，我們將其分別代入，選擇最佳答案，這一點(diǎn)很簡單。
5．帶入通讀，復(fù)查
做完題目后，我們很有必要將自己修正好的文章通讀一遍，將其看作一篇行文通順語意連貫的文章來讀，這時(shí)如果感到有含義不連貫的地方，很有可能是我們填錯(cuò)了空，就要復(fù)查了。注意：七選五的特點(diǎn)在于，錯(cuò)一道，往往還會(huì)錯(cuò)另外的一道或幾道，我們叫作“連錯(cuò)”，所以當(dāng)你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己有一處填的有問題時(shí)，一定要同時(shí)檢查其他空。

（2021·北京·高考真題）Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people． ____1____ The mental health benefits from music can't be argued．Music could also be helping you with many other health problems behind the scenes．
____2____However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain．By distracting （分心） the mind from the pain，music，people say，can lower stress and anxiety levels．This，of course，can lead to less pain．
Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed．____3____While the validity of the idea is still being assessed，the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure．Similarly, according to researchers，listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels， through the lowering of stress and anxiety．
When it comes to heart health，there is speculation （推測(cè)） that it's not the style of music， but rather the tempo that makes it so good for your heart health．In one European study，participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure．____4____ On the other hand，when the music slowed，the participants' stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow suit．
____5____But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，which is what makes music so valuable．
A．This feeling can also result in many other health problems．
B．Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud．
C．This idea is a little off-the-wall but still has scientific backing．
D．They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep．
E．The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive．
F．It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety．
G．Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were．
【答案】1．F
2．B
3．D
4．G
5．E
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是音樂對(duì)身體的好處。
1．空格后說“The mental health benefits from music can't be argued”（音樂對(duì)心理健康的益處是毋庸置疑的），F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety中的stress and anxiety照應(yīng)了mental health benefits，因此F選項(xiàng)切合題意，故選F。
2．空格后說“However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain”（然而，出于同樣的原因，當(dāng)一個(gè)人處于痛苦中時(shí)，音樂是非常有益的），However表轉(zhuǎn)折，因此空格處為對(duì)音樂的負(fù)面評(píng)價(jià)，B選項(xiàng)Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud中的harmful就是負(fù)面評(píng)價(jià)，因此B選項(xiàng)切合題意，故選B。
3．空格前說“Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed”（許多人喜歡在晚上睡覺前聽些輕松的音樂），D選項(xiàng)They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep中的sleep和going to bed相呼應(yīng)，因此D選項(xiàng)切合題意，故選D。
4．空格前說“In one European study，participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure”（在歐洲的一項(xiàng)研究中，參與者聽音樂，研究人員監(jiān)測(cè)他們的心率和血壓），G選項(xiàng)Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were中的heart rates和前面的heart rates相照應(yīng)，因此G選項(xiàng)切合題意，故選G。
5．空格后說“But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，which is what makes music so valuable”（但是，開著收音機(jī)還可以對(duì)一系列其他的健康問題有益，這就是音樂如此有價(jià)值的原因），因此本段講的是音樂對(duì)身體總的好處，E選項(xiàng)The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive講的是音樂對(duì)整體健康的影響是非常令人印象深刻的，因此E選項(xiàng)切合題意，故選E。
（2020·北京·高考真題）Many people think that positive thinking is mostly about keeping one's head in the sand and ignoring daily problems, trying to look optimistic. In reality it has more to do with the way an individual talks to himself. Self-talk is a constant stream of thoughts of a person, who is often unaware and uncertain of some events, phenomena, people, or even the person himself.____6____Meanwhile, positive thinking can help to stop negative self-talks and start to form a positive view on an issue. People who regularly practise positive thinking tend to solve problems more effectively. They are less exposed to stress caused by external factors. They tend to believe in themselves and in what they do.
____7____People who think positively demonstrate increased life spans, lower rates of depression and anxiety, better physical and psychological health, reduced risks of death from heart problems. Positive thinking also contributes to one's ability to deal with problems and hardships.____8____For example, researchers have found that in the case of a crisis accompanied by strong emotions, such as a natural disaster, positive thinking can provide a sort of buffer against depression and anxiety. Resilient people who think positively tend to treat every problem as a challenge, a chance for improvement of any kind, or as an opportunity for personal growth. Pessimists, on the contrary, tend to perceive problems as a source of additional stress.____9____
In conclusion, positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with hard times and improving the quality of one's life. It doesn't have anything to do with ignorant optimism when an individual refuses to notice a problem.____10____
Thinking in a positive, self-encouraging way brings about many benefits to one's physical and mental health.
A．It doesn't cause any severe emotional discomfort, either.
B．Negative self-talk damages self-confidence and decreases self-respect.
C．It helps one to remain clear-headed and confident in difficult situations.
D．Positive thinking has several beneficial effects on the body and the mind.
E．As thinking changes, an individual's behaviour and habits change as well.
F．They often offer a real alternative to the common and regular way of thinking.
G．They often feel discouraged long before trying to solve the problem, even if small.
【答案】6．B
7．D
8．C
9．G
10．A
【解析】
【分析】
這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了積極思考對(duì)人產(chǎn)生的各種益處，同時(shí)將積極思考者與悲觀主義者相比較，分析兩種人的差異。積極思維是應(yīng)對(duì)困難時(shí)期和提高個(gè)人生活質(zhì)量的強(qiáng)大而有效的工具。
6．根據(jù)上文“Self-talk is a constant stream of thoughts of a person, who is often unaware and uncertain of some events, phenomena, people, or even the person himself.(自我對(duì)話是一個(gè)人持續(xù)不斷的想法，他常常對(duì)一些事件、現(xiàn)象、人，甚至是他自己都沒有意識(shí)和不確定)”以及后文“Meanwhile, positive thinking can help to stop negative self-talks and start to form a positive view on an issue.(同時(shí)，積極的思考可以幫助停止消極的自我對(duì)話，開始形成對(duì)一個(gè)問題的積極的觀點(diǎn))”由此可知，上文對(duì)自我對(duì)話進(jìn)行了定義，后文則提到了積極的思考可以有助于停止消極的自我對(duì)話，可知本句是在說明消極的自我對(duì)話對(duì)人的不良影響。后文中negative self-talks可對(duì)應(yīng)到B選項(xiàng)中Negative self-talk。故B選項(xiàng)“消極的自言自語會(huì)損害自信，降低自尊”符合語境，故選B。
7．根據(jù)后文“People who think positively demonstrate increased life spans, lower rates of depression and anxiety, better physical and psychological health, reduced risks of death from heart problems. Positive thinking also contributes to one's ability to deal with problems and hardships.(積極思考的人壽命更長，抑郁和焦慮率更低，身心更健康，死于心臟問題的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更低。積極的思考也有助于一個(gè)人處理問題和困難的能力)”由此可知，后文提到了積極思考對(duì)人的益處，后文中People who think positively以及Positive thinking可對(duì)應(yīng)到D選項(xiàng)中Positive thinking。故D選項(xiàng)“積極思考對(duì)身心有幾個(gè)有益的影響”符合語境，故選D。
8．根據(jù)后文“For example, researchers have found that in the case of a crisis accompanied by strong emotions, such as a natural disaster, positive thinking can provide a sort of buffer against depression and anxiety.(例如，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)危機(jī)伴隨著強(qiáng)烈的情緒時(shí)，比如自然災(zāi)害，積極的思考可以為抑郁和焦慮提供一種緩沖)”可知，后文舉出的例子說明了積極思考可以讓一個(gè)人在面臨危機(jī)時(shí)，保持冷靜。故C選項(xiàng)“它幫助一個(gè)人在困難的情況下保持頭腦清醒和自信”符合語境，故選C。
9．根據(jù)上文“Resilient people who think positively tend to treat every problem as a challenge, a chance for improvement of any kind, or as an opportunity for personal growth. Pessimists, on the contrary, tend to perceive problems as a source of additional stress.(積極思考的、有韌性的人傾向于把每一個(gè)問題都看作是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)，一個(gè)改進(jìn)的機(jī)會(huì)，或者一個(gè)個(gè)人成長的機(jī)會(huì)。相反，悲觀主義者傾向于將問題視為額外壓力的來源)可知，上文在將積極思考者與悲觀主義者相比較，本句應(yīng)承接上文，進(jìn)一步解釋說明悲觀主義者在解決問題時(shí)一些性格特點(diǎn)。上文Pessimists可對(duì)應(yīng)到G選項(xiàng)中They。故G選項(xiàng)“他們常常在試圖解決問題之前就感到氣餒，即使是很小的問題”符合語境，故選G。
10．根據(jù)上文“In conclusion, positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with hard times and improving the quality of one's life. It doesn't have anything to do with ignorant optimism when an individual refuses to notice a problem. (總之，積極思考是應(yīng)對(duì)困難時(shí)期和提高個(gè)人生活質(zhì)量的強(qiáng)大而有效的工具。當(dāng)一個(gè)人拒絕注意到一個(gè)問題時(shí)，它與無知的樂觀主義沒有任何關(guān)系)”可知，本句承接上文進(jìn)一步說明一個(gè)人拒絕注意到問題的影響，它與無知的樂觀主義沒有任何關(guān)系，也不會(huì)引起任何嚴(yán)重的情緒不適。故A選項(xiàng)“它也不會(huì)引起任何嚴(yán)重的情緒不適”符合語境，故選A。
（2019·北京·高考真題）Much of the work in today’s world is accomplished(完成) in teams. Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals. ___11___Companies spend millions hiring top business people. Is their money well spent?
___12___They focused on football, basketball and baseball. The results are mixed. For football and basketball, adding talented players to a team proves a good method, but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent; above that level, the team’s performance begins to decline. Interestingly, this trend isn’t evident in baseball, where additional individual talent keeps improving the team’s performance.
To explain this phenomenon, the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate(協(xié)調(diào)) their actions. ___13___In baseball, the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high, team performance will suffer when there is too much talent, while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower. If a basketball star is, for example, trying to gain a high personal point total, he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate, affecting the team’s performance. Young children learning to play team sports are often told, “There is no I in TEAM.” ___14___
Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team, some players may make less effort. Just as in a game of tug-of-war(拔河比賽), whenever a person is added, everyone else pulls the rope with less force.
___15___ An A-team may require a balance--not just A players, but a few generous B players as well.
A．It’s not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent.
B．Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent.
C．The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers’ attention.
D．Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.
E．Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world.
F．Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.
G．This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.
【答案】11．B
12．E
13．G
14．D
15．F
【解析】
【分析】
這是一篇夾敘夾議的文章。文章主要講了建立一支最佳陣容球隊(duì)比簡單地雇傭最優(yōu)秀的人才要復(fù)雜得多。一支一流球隊(duì)可能需要一種平衡——不僅僅是最好球員，也需要一些有雅量的普通球員。
11．上文說“大多數(shù)人相信建立一個(gè)偉大團(tuán)隊(duì)的最好方法就是聚集一群最有天賦的個(gè)人”。下文說“公司花費(fèi)數(shù)百萬雇傭頂級(jí)商業(yè)人士?！痹摽粘猩蠁⑾拢彩窃谂e例，B選項(xiàng)“運(yùn)動(dòng)隊(duì)老板花費(fèi)數(shù)百萬美元吸引頂尖人才?！鼻蓄}，故選B。
12．下文說“他們專注于足球、籃球和棒球。結(jié)果有好有壞?！边@些都屬于體育方面，該空引出下文，E選項(xiàng)“最近的幾項(xiàng)研究調(diào)查了體育世界中人才的作用?！鼻蓄}，故選E。
13．上文說“為了解釋這一現(xiàn)象，研究人員探索了一場(chǎng)好的表現(xiàn)要求隊(duì)員們協(xié)調(diào)他們行動(dòng)的程度”，下文說明了研究結(jié)果，該空承上啟下，G選項(xiàng)“這項(xiàng)任務(wù)的相互依賴性使棒球區(qū)別于足球和籃球?！鼻蓄}，故選G。
14．上文說了“一個(gè)球星為了個(gè)人得分，而影響團(tuán)隊(duì)的表現(xiàn)”，該空承接上文，D選項(xiàng)“球星顯然沒有遵守運(yùn)動(dòng)員精神的基本原則”切題，故選D。
15．下文說“一支一流球隊(duì)可能需要一種平衡——不僅僅是最好球員，也需要一些有雅量的普通球員?！痹摽找鱿挛模現(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“建立一支最佳陣容球隊(duì)比簡單地雇傭最優(yōu)秀的人才要復(fù)雜得多。”切題，故選F。

（2022·山西省長治市第二中學(xué)校模擬預(yù)測(cè)）How to go abroad and minimize your COVID-19 risk?
If you are desperate to go abroad, then what measures should you take?
“Vaccination (接種疫苗) is of great importance.____16____, I would take the view that you’re going to be pretty safe as long as you observe the usual, sensible rules,” says Anthony Costello at University College London.
The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) agrees.____17____. Travelers are advised to stay at least 1.8 meters away from the people they aren’t traveling with, wash their hands often and monitor their health for signs of illness, too.
You should also take “l(fā)ow risk” with a pinch of salt (有所保留).____18____. That means you have to quarantine (隔離).at home or in the place you are staying for 10 days when you arrive in England. Meanwhile, Portugal remains in the CDC’s “avoid all travel” category.
____19____ The US mainly looks at the number of new cases in the past 28 days. Decisions for England are based on broader risk assessments from the Joint Biosecurity Centre, including vaccination rates and circulating variants.
“It is hard to tell which method is right, and it isn’t unusual for two countries to look at the same data and come to opposite conclusions,” says Jeffrey Lazarus at the Barcelona Institute for Global Health in Spain, “Germany closed the border to the UK in the same week when Spain opened it.____20____.”
A．They clearly don’t have the same assessment
B．If you, re double vaccinated and you’re going to a low-risk area
C．These kinds of contradictions happen because countries apply different criteria
D．You may likely find you are engaging in both lower- and higher-risk behaviors
E．For instance, Portugal was on England’s green list. but soon it was moved to the brown list
F．So the reality is that we won’t face any risk of getting COVID-19
G．It advises travelers to low-risk countries to get fully vaccinated, wear a mask, and avoid crowds
【答案】16．B
17．G
18．E
19．C
20．A
【解析】
【分析】
這是一篇說明文。本文作者主要就如何降低出國感染新冠的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)提出了幾點(diǎn)建議，如接種疫苗、保持社交距離、戴口罩、留意不同國家的防疫政策等等。
16．
根據(jù)前句“Vaccination (接種疫苗) is of great importance” (接種疫苗很重要) 可知，此處主要強(qiáng)調(diào)疫苗的作用，B選項(xiàng)的 “If you, re double vaccinated and you’re going to a low-risk area”(如果你接種了加強(qiáng)針，那么你將進(jìn)入低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感染群體范疇)，與前句邏輯一致，故選B。
17．
根據(jù)后句“Travelers are advised to stay at least 1.8 meters away from the people they aren’t traveling with”(游客被建議與非旅游伙伴至少保持1.8米)可知，本段強(qiáng)調(diào)旅游時(shí)保持社交G選項(xiàng)的“It advises travelers to low-risk countries to get fully vaccinated, wear a mask, and avoid crowds”???(這個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)建議去低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)國家的游客要全面接種疫苗，佩戴口罩，避免擁擠人群)，提到與其他游客保持距離，拒絕近距離，與后句邏輯一致，故選G。
18．
根據(jù)空格后句“That means you have to quarantine (隔離) at home or in the place you are staying for 10 days when you arrive in England.”(那意味著當(dāng)你抵達(dá)英國時(shí)，你不得不居家或在你呆的地方隔離十天)可知，此處談?wù)摿擞南嚓P(guān)防疫政策，E選項(xiàng)的 “For instance, Portugal was on England’s green list. but soon it was moved to the brown list.”(比如，葡萄牙在英國的綠名單上，但是很快被移到了黃名單)，與后句語義邏輯一致，故選E。
19．
根據(jù)空格后句“The US mainly looks at the number of new cases in the past 28 days.”(美國主要看過去28天來的新增病例)可知，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)美國的特殊之處，C選項(xiàng)的“These kinds of contradictions happen because countries apply different criteria”(因?yàn)閲疫m用不同的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，所以才會(huì)發(fā)生這種矛盾)，與后文列舉的美國例子貼合，故選C。
20．
根據(jù)空格前句“Germany closed the border to the UK in the same week when Spain opened it”(德國關(guān)閉了去英國的邊境，而西班牙開放了邊境)可知，此處描述國家的不同做法，A選項(xiàng)“They clearly don’t have the same assessment.”(他們明顯沒有一樣的評(píng)估結(jié)果)對(duì)這種做法予以評(píng)價(jià)，即國家的評(píng)估結(jié)果不同，故選A。
（2022·廣東·一模）Technology is here to stay. ___21___. However, they are often unsure on how to help children use technology responsibly and keep a balance between online and offline time. Here are some tips.
Have a device contract
Having a device usage contract allows parents and children to work through what responsible technology usage looks like in your family and ensure that everyone is aware. ___22___. Kids are more likely to make sense of the reasons you have for restriction.
___23___
Although this tip seems like common sense, it is often difficult due to the demand of work and the expectation of being constantly connected. By ensuring you build offline time into your own day and communicate that with your children, they will see the value and benefits. Whether you are reading a book or just taking a walk, letting your children be aware of your offline actions will encourage them to do the same!
Encourage non-tech activities
One great way to keep kids off their screens is to ensure that they have other activities to fill their time. ___24___. These activities are also great ways to help children to develop their social skills and confidence.
Tech-free family time
Once a week, pencil-in a “tech-free family time” in your schedule. It can be a meal or trip. To help increase the success of outings, try designing special activities, i. e., going to the beach to build a sand castle that looks the same as a photo you have found online. ___25___
A．Model good technology use
B．Communicate with children
C．A little extra planning goes a long way
D．The contract is helpful to the settlement of conflicts
E．Parents are seeing more technology in their homes and jobs
F．Also, drafting the contract together promotes understanding
G．This can come in a variety of forms: soccer, fencing and more
【答案】21．E
22．F
23．A
24．G
25．C
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】
這是一篇說明文。作者就家長如何幫助孩子負(fù)責(zé)任地使用技術(shù)，并在在線和離線時(shí)間之間保持平衡，提了幾個(gè)建議。
21．
本段小標(biāo)題“Technology is here to stay.”提到了技術(shù)無處不在。下文中的“However, they are often unsure on how to help children use technology responsibly and keep a balance between online and offline time.(然而，他們往往不確定如何幫助孩子負(fù)責(zé)任地使用技術(shù)，并在在線和離線時(shí)間之間保持平衡)”提到家長們不確定如何幫孩子，E選項(xiàng)“Parents are seeing more technology in their homes and jobs(家長們?cè)诩依锖凸ぷ魃峡吹礁嗟募夹g(shù))”和下文一致，并且“Parents”和下文中的“they”是一致的。故選E。
22．
本段小標(biāo)題是“Have a device contract(簽訂設(shè)備合同)”，上文“Having a device usage contract allows parents and children to work through what responsible technology usage looks like in your family and ensure that everyone is aware.(簽訂設(shè)備使用合同可以讓父母和孩子了解家庭中負(fù)責(zé)任的技術(shù)使用情況，并確保每個(gè)人都知道)”是簽訂合同的好處之一。F選項(xiàng)“Also, drafting the contract together promotes understanding(此外，共同起草合同可以促進(jìn)理解)”和上文是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，意思上一致。故選F項(xiàng)。
23．
下文中的“By ensuring you build offline time into your own day and communicate that with your children, they will see the value and benefits. Whether you are reading a book or just taking a walk, letting your children be aware of your offline actions will encourage them to do the same!(通過確保你將離線時(shí)間融入自己的一天，并與你的孩子溝通，他們將看到其價(jià)值和好處。無論你是在看書還是只是散步，讓你的孩子知道你的離線行為都會(huì)鼓勵(lì)他們也這么做！)”可知，本段是在說父母給孩子展示技術(shù)在工作和生活中的應(yīng)用。A選項(xiàng)“Model good technology use(示范良好的技術(shù)使用)”能概括本段，作為小標(biāo)題。故選A項(xiàng)。
24．
本段小標(biāo)題是“Encourage non-tech activities(鼓勵(lì)非科技活動(dòng))”，上文“One great way to keep kids off their screens is to ensure that they have other activities to fill their time.(讓孩子遠(yuǎn)離屏幕的一個(gè)好方法是確保他們有其他活動(dòng)來打發(fā)時(shí)間)”提到讓孩子遠(yuǎn)離屏幕的活動(dòng)，G選項(xiàng)“This can come in a variety of forms: soccer, fencing and more(這可以有多種形式：足球，擊劍和更多)”是一些具體的例子，意思和前文一致。故選G項(xiàng)。
25．
本段小標(biāo)題是“Tech-free family time(無科技家庭時(shí)間)”，前文“To help increase the success of outings, try designing special activities, i. e., going to the beach to build a sand castle that looks the same as a photo you have found online.(為了提高郊游的成功率，可以嘗試設(shè)計(jì)一些特別的活動(dòng)，比如去海灘建造一座看起來和你在網(wǎng)上找到的照片一樣的沙堡)”是說明在無科技家庭時(shí)間中父母的一些計(jì)劃安排。C選項(xiàng)“A little extra planning goes a long way(一點(diǎn)額外的計(jì)劃會(huì)大有幫助)”符合語境。故選C項(xiàng)。
（2022·遼寧·一模）5-Step Process to Improve Your Critical Thinking
Every day, a sea of decisions stretches before us. It’ s impossible to make a perfect choice. Critical thinking is one particularly effective technique to improve our chances. ___26___ But here’s one five-step process that may help you.
Formulate your question.
In other words, know what you’re looking for. For example, if you’re deciding whether to try out the newest diet craze, you approach the situation with a clear view of what you' re actually trying to accomplish by dieting.
___27___
There’s lots of it out there, so having a clear idea of your question will help you determine what’s relevant. Information gathering helps you weigh different options, moving you closer to a decision that meets your goal.
Apply the information.
___28___ “What concepts are at work?” “What assumptions exist?” “Is my interpretation of the information logically sound?”
Consider the implications.
Imagine it’s election time, and you’ve selected a political candidate based on their promise to make it cheaper for drivers to fill up on gas. At first glance, that seems great. ___29___ If gasoline use is less restricted by cost, this could also cause a huge surge in air pollution.
Explore other points of view.
Ask yourself why so many people are drawn to the policies of the opposing political candidate. This will help you make more informed decisions.
Critical thinking can give us the tools to sift through a sea of information and find what we’re looking for. ___30___
A．Gather your information.
B．Ask yourself when facing a decision.
C．There are many ways to improve our chances.
D．This isn’t always as straightforward as it sounds.
E．But what about the long-term environmental effects?
F．There are many different ways of approaching critical thinking.
G．If enough of us use it, it has the power to make the world a more reasonable place.
【答案】26．F
27．A
28．B
29．E
30．G
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】
本文是說明文。文章主要介紹提高一個(gè)人的批判性思維能力的5個(gè)步驟。
26．
根據(jù)下文“But here’s one five-step process that may help you.”(但是，這里有5步可以幫助你。)可知，上文作者要提到有方法可以做到批判性思維。選項(xiàng)F“有許多不同的方法可以達(dá)到批判性思維?！焙拖挛囊馑紴檗D(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。critical thinking是關(guān)鍵詞。故選F。
27．
根據(jù)下文“Information gathering helps you weigh different options, moving you closer to a decision that meets your goal.”(信息收集幫助你權(quán)衡不同的選擇，讓你更接近一個(gè)符合你目標(biāo)的決定。)可知，這一段作者建議要收集一些信息。選項(xiàng)A“收集你的信息?！睘楸径蔚臉?biāo)題。故選A。
28．
根據(jù)下文““What concepts are at work?” “What assumptions exist?” “Is my interpretation of the information logically sound?””(“什么概念在起作用？”“存在什么假設(shè)？”“我對(duì)信息的解釋在邏輯上合理嗎？”)可知，這里列舉了許多的問題，所以作者是建議要提出問題。選項(xiàng)B“當(dāng)面臨決定時(shí)問你自己問題?！焙拖挛囊馑家恢隆９蔬xB。
29．
根據(jù)上文“At first glance, that seems great.”(乍一看，似乎很棒。)和下文“If gasoline use is less restricted by cost, this could also cause a huge surge in air pollution.”(如果汽油的使用不受成本的限制，這也會(huì)導(dǎo)致空氣污染的大幅增加。)可知，上文提到汽油降價(jià)看起來很好，但是下文說的是從長遠(yuǎn)來看，汽油降價(jià)是有害的，所以中間需要過渡句。選項(xiàng)E“但是長期的環(huán)境影響怎么辦？”和上下文意思連貫。故選E。
30．
根據(jù)上文“Critical thinking can give us the tools to sift through a sea of information and find what we’re looking for.”(批判性思維可以給我們一些工具，讓我們從海量的信息中篩選出我們要找的東西。)可知，這里在最后一段作者總結(jié)了批判性思維的好處。選項(xiàng)G“如果我們足夠多的人使用它，那么它將有能量讓這個(gè)世界變成一個(gè)更加合情合理的地方?！焙蜕衔囊馑家恢?。故選G。
（2022·四川成都·二模）Good sportsmanship is one of the most important lessons that your kids can learn from competition. But how do you teach your kids good sportsmanship? Here are some tips.
Set a good example. The first role model that your kids will have in games is you. What behavior you model will have the biggest influence on your kids.____31____ By doing so, your kids will learn from you unconsciously and gain more popularity.
____32____The coach is always looking for the best decision for the good of the whole team.____33____Your kids may feel upset at first. But showing good sportsmanship means placing the team's needs above their own, so you should teach your kids to trust the coach’s judgement.
Remember you are the parent, not the coach. Your job as a parent is different from a job as a coach. As a parent, you are there to guide all of your kids' experiences and not focus on demanding performance. However, if you see a coach demanding too much, speak up. ____34____
Maintain a good attitude to both winning and losing. Good sportsmanship also requires a positive attitude to both the victory and the defeat. Pushing your kids too hard may drive them to quit.____35____ It's also a good idea to find positive plays to talk about and discuss lessons to be learned after.
A．Teach your kids to put teams first.
B．Tell your kids to listen to the coach.
C．However, finding a good role model is not an easy job.
D．After all, you are also an advocate for your kids if needed.
E．This means the role of your kids may be reduced or changed.
F．You need to be nice to all people on the court, even the opponents.
G．Instead, whatever the results are, always tell them you are proud of them.
【答案】31．F
32．B
33．E
34．D
35．G
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】
這是一篇說明文。良好的體育精神是你的孩子可以從競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中學(xué)到的最重要的課程之一。文章主要就如何教會(huì)你的孩子擁有良好的體育精神提出了一些建議。???
31．
根據(jù)上文“Set a good example. The first role model that your kids will have in games is you. What behavior you model will have the biggest influence on your kids.(樹立一個(gè)好榜樣。你的孩子在游戲中的第一個(gè)榜樣就是你自己。你所模仿的行為將對(duì)你的孩子產(chǎn)生最大的影響)”以及后文“By doing so, your kids will learn from you unconsciously and gain more popularity.(通過這樣做，你的孩子會(huì)在不知不覺中向你學(xué)習(xí)，并獲得更多的人氣)”可知，上文提到了榜樣作用對(duì)孩子的影響，推測(cè)本句是在說明具體怎么做：對(duì)球場(chǎng)上的所有人友善，甚至是對(duì)手，與后文獲得人氣相呼應(yīng)。F選項(xiàng)“你需要對(duì)球場(chǎng)上的所有人友善，甚至是對(duì)手”符合語境，故選F。
32．
根據(jù)后文“The coach is always looking for the best decision for the good of the whole team.(教練總是在尋找對(duì)全隊(duì)有利的最佳決策)”可知，后文提到了教練的作用，可見要聽教練的話，B選項(xiàng)中coach對(duì)應(yīng)后文中coach。B選項(xiàng)“告訴你的孩子聽教練的話”符合語境，故選B。
33．
根據(jù)上文“The coach is always looking for the best decision for the good of the whole team.(教練總是在尋找對(duì)全隊(duì)有利的最佳決策)”以及后文“Your kids may feel upset at first.(你的孩子一開始可能會(huì)感到不安)”可知，后文提到了孩子一開始感到不安，可見本句是在說明教練采取了對(duì)孩子不利的決策，E選項(xiàng)“這意味著你的孩子的角色可能會(huì)減少或改變”符合語境，故選E。
34．
根據(jù)上文“Remember you are the parent, not the coach. Your job as a parent is different from a job as a coach. As a parent, you are there to guide all of your kids' experiences and not focus on demanding performance. However, if you see a coach demanding too much, speak up.(記住，你是家長，而不是教練。你作為父母的工作與作為教練的工作是不同的。作為一名家長，你要引導(dǎo)孩子的所有經(jīng)歷，而不是關(guān)注苛刻的表現(xiàn)。然而，如果你看到教練要求太多，那就大聲說出來)”可知，上文提到如果看到教練有太多要求，要大聲說出來，本句為本段最后一句，應(yīng)承接上文說明原因：你也是你孩子的支持者。D選項(xiàng)“畢竟，如果需要的話，你也是你孩子的支持者”符合語境，故選D。
35．
根據(jù)上文“Maintain a good attitude to both winning and losing. Good sportsmanship also requires a positive attitude to both the victory and the defeat. Pushing your kids too hard may drive them to quit.(無論輸贏，都要保持良好的心態(tài)。良好的體育精神也需要對(duì)勝利和失敗都有積極的態(tài)度。把你的孩子逼得太緊可能會(huì)讓他們放棄)”可知，上文強(qiáng)調(diào)了良好的體育精神也需要對(duì)勝利和失敗都有積極的態(tài)度，把你的孩子逼得太緊可能會(huì)讓他們放棄，本句與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，指出不能太過強(qiáng)調(diào)輸贏的結(jié)果，重在支持孩子，G選項(xiàng)“相反，無論結(jié)果如何，總是告訴他們你為他們感到驕傲”符合語境，故選G。
（2022·安徽合肥·二模）Boosting your emotional intelligence quotient, or EQ, involves identifying and managing your own emotions, as well as evaluating and controlling the way in which you react to those of others. ____36____ It can also improve your relationships with loved ones and your social interactions. Here are some tips you can use to start improving your EQ.
● Identify your emotions.
Identifying your emotions takes practice and is an important foundational step in building emotional intelligence. Regularly recognizing and naming your emotions throughout the day is a good way to develop your EQ. ____37____ You could even go a step further, and try to determine how the presence of certain emotions affects your behavior and productivity.
● Consider your response.
____38____ Taking responsibility for the way you behave towards others and, possibly even more importantly, how you treat yourself, is a crucial aspect of emotional intelligence.
● ____39____
Empathy is a cornerstone of EQ. It is defined as the ability to identify and share the thoughts, feelings or emotional state of another person. A little empathy goes a long way. It is important to demonstrate empathy towards people other than just those with whom you find it easy to get along.
● Listen actively.
Engage in the moment and acknowledge what other people are saying. ____40____ Active listening involves asking open-ended questions such as ‘When?’ ‘How?’ ‘Do you mean...?’ or ‘Could you tell me a bit more about that?’. Active listening also calls for avoiding questions that would get only a ‘yes’ or ‘no’ response.
Developing your emotional intelligence can not only help you reduce your stress, but also leave you with more time to connect with, and continuously improve your relationships with, those around you.
A．Show your care.
B．Put yourself in other people’s shoes.
C．You just don’t know what they might be going through.
D．You must remember you can choose how you react to a situation.
E．Besides, trying to identify exactly what you are feeling can do the trick.
F．Try to avoid just waiting for your turn to talk about yourself and your story.
G．Exploring and improving these skills can help you to succeed in your career.
【答案】36．G
37．E
38．D
39．B
40．F
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】
這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了提高情商的一些方法。
36．
由上文“Boosting your emotional intelligence quotient, or EQ, involves identifying and managing your own emotions, as well as evaluating and controlling the way in which you react to those of others. (提高你的情商，它包括識(shí)別和管理你自己的情緒，以及評(píng)估和控制你對(duì)他人情緒的反應(yīng)方式)”和下文“It can also improve your relationships with loved ones and your social interactions. (它還可以改善你與親人的關(guān)系和你的社交互動(dòng))”可知，上文建議讀者去提高情商技巧，下文說明培養(yǎng)情商的好處，由下文“also”可知，該空也講培養(yǎng)情商的好處，承接上下文，G選項(xiàng)“探索和提高這些技能可以幫助你在職業(yè)生涯中取得成功?！鼻蓄}。故選G項(xiàng)。
37．
由小標(biāo)題“Identify your emotions (確定你的情緒)”，上文“Regularly recognizing and naming your emotions throughout the day is a good way to develop your EQ. (在一天中定期識(shí)別和命名你的情緒是發(fā)展你的情商的好方法)”和下文“You could even go a step further, and try to determine how the presence of certain emotions affects your behavior and productivity. (你甚至可以更進(jìn)一步，嘗試確定某些情緒的存在如何影響你的行為和工作效率)”可知，本段建議可以通過確定自己的情緒來提高情商，承接上下文，E選項(xiàng)“此外，試圖準(zhǔn)確地確定你的感受來達(dá)到目的。”呼應(yīng)本段中心“確定你的情緒”。故選E項(xiàng)。
38．
由小標(biāo)題“Consider your response (考慮一下你的反應(yīng))”和下文“Taking responsibility for the way you behave towards others and, possibly even more importantly, how you treat yourself, is a crucial aspect of emotional intelligence. (對(duì)自己對(duì)待他人的方式負(fù)責(zé)，可能更重要的是，對(duì)自己如何對(duì)待自己的方式負(fù)責(zé)，這是情商的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵方面)”可知，針對(duì)如何對(duì)他人負(fù)責(zé)和如何對(duì)自己負(fù)責(zé)，人是有不同的反應(yīng)的，本段建議可以通過針對(duì)不同情況下的應(yīng)對(duì)方式來提高情商，承接上下文，D選項(xiàng)“你必須記住，你可以選擇如何應(yīng)對(duì)一種情況?！鼻蓄}。故選D項(xiàng)。
39．
該空概括小標(biāo)題。由下文“Empathy is a cornerstone of EQ. It is defined as the ability to identify and share the thoughts, feelings or emotional state of another person. (同理心是情商的基石。它被定義為識(shí)別和分享他人想法、感受或情緒狀態(tài)的能力)”和“It is important to demonstrate empathy towards people other than just those with whom you find it easy to get along. (重要的是要表現(xiàn)出對(duì)他人的同理心，而不僅僅是那些你覺得容易相處的人)”可知，下文講人們可以通過擁有同理心（即對(duì)他人想法、感受或情緒狀態(tài)有共情能力）來提高情商，換句話說，要設(shè)身處地為他人著想，承接下文，B選項(xiàng)“設(shè)身處地為他人著想?！鼻蓄}。故選B項(xiàng)。
40．
由小標(biāo)題“Listen actively (積極傾聽)”，上文“Engage in the moment and acknowledge what other people are saying. (參與到當(dāng)下，認(rèn)可別人在說的東西)”和下文“Active listening involves asking open-ended questions such as ‘When?’ ‘How?’ ‘Do you mean...?’ or ‘Could you tell me a bit more about that?’. (主動(dòng)傾聽包括提出開放式問題，如‘何時(shí)？’‘怎么做？’‘你是說……？’或者‘你能再多告訴我一點(diǎn)嗎？’)”可知，本段建議可以通過積極傾聽來提高情商，積極傾聽的重心在于聽別人說，所以要避免以談?wù)撚嘘P(guān)自己的事為重心，承接上下文，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“盡量避免等待輪到你談?wù)撟约汉湍愕墓适?。”切題。故選F項(xiàng)。
（2022·浙江紹興·二模）Everyone thinks they're great listeners. But the truth is that hearing isn’t necessarily listening, nor is it necessarily listening well. Listening is an art as well as a basic life skill that we are encouraged to practise and master.___41___
●Don't interrupt
___42___ To master the art of listening, you need to stop any good thoughts that come to mind and let the person say everything they need to say. Often times people simply need someone to talk to, not someone who will cut in and give their own thoughts and opinions.
●Practice active listening.
To understand better in communication, you can first practice active listening. The art of listening isn't simply about staying quiet 100% of the time, it's also about asking questions, which are for clarification or for further explanation, so that you can fully understand what the speaker is telling you. ___43___ You can also make noises that show you agree with what he person is saying such as “yes”, ‘'yeah", and “okay.”
●___44___
About 60-75% of our communication is accomplished without speaking. In order to know whether to encourage the speaker, or to open yourself more, it's essential to know what the person's body is saying. Do they display signs of discomfort? Are they cautious about you? Their body language tells a lot.
●Create a suitable environment.
It can be difficult to listen to another person when the TV is screaming, your phone is buzzing and there are thousands of cars passing by. ___45___ Also, when you indicate it would be good to “find a quiet place," you put importance in the person and what they say, and then you show care and consideration.
A．Listen to non-verbal communication.
B．Let the person speak without interruption.
C．Listen without forming responses in your mind.
D．Here's how to bring the vital life skill into your daily existence.
E．Additionally, it's important to hold back your negative judgments.
F．Another great way to show your understanding is to respond by nodding.
G．When you remove the distractions and find a quiet place it’s easier to listen attentively.
【答案】41．D
42．B
43．F
44．A
45．G
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】
本文是一篇說明文。本篇主要向讀者講述了良好且有效的“傾聽”的重要性，并為讀者提供了成為合格傾聽者的實(shí)踐方法。
41．
根據(jù)上文“Listening is an art as well as a basic life skill that we are encouraged to practise and master.（聽力是一種藝術(shù)，也是一種基本的生活技能，我們被鼓勵(lì)去練習(xí)和掌握）”以及下文作者分類介紹了在日常生活中可以應(yīng)用的各類傾聽的方式方法?？芍狣項(xiàng)：Here's how to bring the vital life skill into your daily existence.（下面是如何將這一重要的生活技能運(yùn)用到你的日常生活中）合乎題意。故選D。
42．
根據(jù)本小節(jié)標(biāo)題“Don't interrupt（不要打斷）”，可知本段強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容為不要在說話者說話時(shí)打斷，而應(yīng)耐心傾聽完話者想要表達(dá)的意思。此句位于段首，起到概括和解釋標(biāo)題作用。B項(xiàng)：Let the person speak without interruption.（讓對(duì)方說話時(shí)不要打斷）概括和解釋標(biāo)題，合乎題意。故選B。
43．
根據(jù)下文“you can also make noises that show you agree with what he person is saying such as “yes”, ‘'yeah", and “okay.”（你也可以發(fā)出一些聲音來表示你同意對(duì)方說的話，比如yes和okay）”中的“also”，我們可知設(shè)空處描述的情形也應(yīng)為對(duì)某人的發(fā)言表示同意或肯定時(shí)做出的姿態(tài)，從而增進(jìn)互動(dòng)，表示理解。F項(xiàng)：Another great way to show your understanding is to respond by nodding.（另一種表示理解的好方法是點(diǎn)頭回應(yīng)）合乎題意。故選F。
44．
設(shè)空處概括本段內(nèi)容，為本段小標(biāo)題，設(shè)空處與上下段的首句句式保持一致，即應(yīng)是祈使句。根據(jù)下文“About 60-75% of our communication is accomplished without 大約60-75%的交流是在不說話的情況下完成的。為了知道是要鼓勵(lì)說話者，還是更開放自己，有必要了解這個(gè)人的身體在說什么。根據(jù)下文“About 60-75% of our communication is accomplished without speaking. speaking. In order to know whether to encourage the speaker, or to open yourself more, it's essential to know what the person's body is saying.（大約60-75%的交流是在不說話的情況下完成的。為了知道是要鼓勵(lì)說話者，還是更開放自己，有必要了解這個(gè)人的身體在說什么）”可知，作者闡述了傾聽說話者肢體語言的重要性，也即話語本身以外的身體信號(hào)，從而判斷傾聽者應(yīng)該采取怎樣的方式更好地促進(jìn)交流。A項(xiàng)：Listen to non-verbal communication.（傾聽非語言交流）合乎題意。故選A。
45．
根據(jù)上文“It can be difficult to listen to another person when the TV is screaming, your phone is buzzing and there are thousands of cars passing by.（當(dāng)電視發(fā)出刺耳的聲音，你的手機(jī)嗡嗡作響，成千上萬輛汽車駛過時(shí)，你很難去聽別人說話）”可知，前文敘述了在嘈雜、混亂的環(huán)境中良好的傾聽一般難以達(dá)成，而后文中的“find a quite place（找一個(gè)安靜角落）”則應(yīng)是原文再現(xiàn)。由此可推斷出此空應(yīng)為與嘈雜環(huán)境相對(duì)照，找到一個(gè)安靜的地方，更有利于凝神傾聽。G項(xiàng)：When you remove the distractions and find a quiet place it’s easier to listen attentively.（當(dāng)你排除干擾，找到一個(gè)安靜的地方，更容易專心傾聽）合乎題意。故答案為G。

（2022·江西·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Many people view life as a pyramid with those on the bottom serving those above them. They envy the people at the top, believing joy and happiness is obtained by being served. ____46____They passionately seek the top of the world's imaginary pyramid. They reach desperately for the money, fame or power that would seat them higher. Unluckily, they often don't realize their pursuits are misplaced until they have sacrificed many good gifts and simple joys along the way.
____47____We can live lives of less stress and less anxiety. We begin to feel more fulfilled and more alive. Living for others ends our need for a social rank. It becomes a great weight off our shoulders when we no longer seek power over others. Real joy is found not in being served, but in choosing to serve.
And experiencing this unexpected happiness and freedom is not as hard as some people think:
1.Open your eyes to the needs around you.____48____They are in your home, your neighborhood, and your workplace. The first, most important step is to simply notice them.
2.____49____Service to others costs something — sometimes money, sometimes time, sometimes reputation, and almost always energy. See the price, pay it anyway, and enjoy the return on investment.
3.Do not expect something in return. Remove what's-in-it-for-me question that motivates so many people today.____50____ And you will be repaid with joy and fulfillment in countless other ways.
A．Joyfully pay the price.
B．They decide to give in.
C．So they make every effort.
D．Many people enjoyed being served.
E．Help with no expectation of repayment.
F．People who need your help exist all around you.
G．We can say no to modern culture's games of promotion.
【答案】46．C
47．G
48．F
49．A
50．E
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】
這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了通過服務(wù)他人來獲得幸福感的方法。
46．
根據(jù)上文“Many people view life as a pyramid with those on the bottom serving those above them. They envy the people at the top, believing joy and happiness is obtained by being served.(許多人把生活看成是一個(gè)金字塔，底層的人為上層的人服務(wù)。他們羨慕上層的人，相信快樂和幸福是通過服務(wù)獲得的)”以及后文“They passionately seek the top of the world's imaginary pyramid. They reach desperately for the money, fame or power that would seat them higher. Unluckily, they often don't realize their pursuits are misplaced until they have sacrificed many good gifts and simple joys along the way.(他們熱情地追求世界想象中的金字塔的頂端。他們不顧一切地追求金錢、名譽(yù)或權(quán)力，以使自己獲得更高的地位。不幸的是，他們往往沒有意識(shí)到他們的追求錯(cuò)位，直到他們犧牲了許多好的禮物和簡單的快樂)”可知，上文提到底層的人羨慕上層的人，于是盡一切努力追求成為金字塔的頂端，不顧一切地追求金錢、名譽(yù)或權(quán)力，故C選項(xiàng)“所以他們盡一切努力”符合語境，故選C。
47．
根據(jù)后文“We can live lives of less stress and less anxiety. We begin to feel more fulfilled and more alive. Living for others ends our need for a social rank. It becomes a great weight off our shoulders when we no longer seek power over others. Real joy is found not in being served, but in choosing to serve.(我們的生活可以少一些壓力和焦慮。我們開始感到更充實(shí)，更有活力。為他人而活會(huì)終結(jié)我們對(duì)社會(huì)等級(jí)的需求。當(dāng)我們不再尋求凌駕于他人之上的權(quán)力時(shí)，它就不會(huì)成為我們肩上的一大負(fù)擔(dān)。真正的快樂不在于被服務(wù)，而在于選擇服務(wù))”可知，本段的主旨在于提出當(dāng)我們不再尋求凌駕于他人之上的權(quán)力時(shí)，它就不會(huì)成為我們肩上的一大負(fù)擔(dān)，即建議我們不要總是追求向上晉升，對(duì)現(xiàn)代文化的晉升游戲說不。故G選項(xiàng)“我們可以對(duì)現(xiàn)代文化的晉升游戲說不”符合語境，故選G。
48．
根據(jù)上文“1.Open your eyes to the needs around you.(1.睜開眼睛看看你周圍的需求)”以及后文“They are in your home, your neighborhood, and your workplace. The first, most important step is to simply notice them.(他們存在于你的家里，你的社區(qū)，你的工作場(chǎng)所。第一步，也是最重要的一步就是去注意他們)”可知，本段的主旨是注意周圍人的需求，本句承接上文說明需要提供幫助的人就在身邊，故F選項(xiàng)“需要你幫助的人就在你身邊”符合語境，故選F。
49．
根據(jù)后文“Service to others costs something — sometimes money, sometimes time, sometimes reputation, and almost always energy. See the price, pay it anyway, and enjoy the return on investment.(為別人服務(wù)是要付出代價(jià)的，有時(shí)是金錢，有時(shí)是時(shí)間，有時(shí)是名譽(yù)，幾乎總是需要精力?？吹酱鷥r(jià)，無論如何付出，并享受投資回報(bào))”可知，本段說明的是為別人服務(wù)要付出代價(jià)，且享受投資回報(bào)，即“愉快地付出代價(jià)”。A選項(xiàng)中the price對(duì)應(yīng)后文中the price。故A選項(xiàng)“愉快地付出代價(jià)”符合語境，故選A。
50．
根據(jù)上文“Do not expect something in return. Remove what's-in-it-for-me question that motivates so many people today.(不要指望有什么回報(bào)?，F(xiàn)在很多人都在問“我有什么好處”的問題)”以及后文“And you will be repaid with joy and fulfillment in countless other ways.(你會(huì)得到無數(shù)其他方式的快樂和滿足)”可知，本段說明的是幫助別人不圖回報(bào)，E選項(xiàng)中expectation對(duì)應(yīng)上文中expect。故E選項(xiàng)“幫助別人不圖回報(bào)”符合語境，故選E。
（2022·湖南·岳陽一中二模）Who do you count as your friends? From our BFF (best friend forever ) to a work mate, it’s good to have someone to chat with or offer comfort and support. ___51___
The recent separation we have had due to the corona-virus pandemic or covid-19 has made some of us question our friendships. We’ve fallen out of touch with friends and acquaintances, ___52___but do we actually have to arouse every relationship we once had? It might be time to take stock and think about who you kept in touch with, who you missed talking to, and who you didn’t. In short, maybe it's time to reset your list of real mates.
___53___ Writing for BBC Worklife, Bryan Lufkin says: “While people have known for years that friendships are unquestionably good for your health, experts say it’s only natural for acquaintances and even friends to fall by the wayside as time goes on—and it’s nothing to feel guilty about. ”
Of course, it can be hard to choose who’s in your friendship circle. This is what Suzanne Degges-White, professor of counselling at Northern Illinois University, calls our ‘friendscape’. She says, “in life, as we go through certain stages and ages, our attention shifts, and we want to be around people who are like us. ”
___54___ but we still need those special pals who’ve known us long term. These are friendships we invest time in. According to Robin Dunbar, a professor of evolutionary psychology at the University of Oxford, these are your inner circle of friends-your “shoulders to cry on” --___55___He adds that the friends that move away are mostly “friendships of convenience”. But the advice for maintaining a good friendship is to share how you feel with someone you trust - this can help strengthen your friendship as well as giving you both a chance to support each other.
A．a(chǎn)nd it may feel awkward,
B．So, changing friends is normal,
C．Friendship is good for your health,
D．There's no obligation (責(zé)任) to stay friends.
E．It is important to share with your friends.
F．a(chǎn)nd you have to see them at least once a week to keep them in that circle.
G．But when it comes to friendship, is it more important to have quantity or quality?
【答案】51．G
52．A
53．D
54．B
55．F
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】
這是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了關(guān)于友誼的一些觀點(diǎn)，包括要學(xué)會(huì)審視誰是自己真正的朋友，更換朋友是一種正?，F(xiàn)象但是我們?nèi)匀恍枰恍┡惆樽约汉芫玫幕锇椴⑷ゾS持這種關(guān)系。
51．
上文“From our BFF (best friend forever ) to a work mate, it's good to have someone to chat with or offer comfort and support.(從我們的BFF(永遠(yuǎn)最好的朋友)到工作伙伴，有人聊天或提供安慰和支持是很好的。)”說明了有個(gè)人可以聊天或提供安慰和支持是件好事；根據(jù)第二段“In short, maybe it's time to reset your list of real mates”(簡而言之，也許是時(shí)候重置你真正的朋友名單了)可知，我們需要去審視誰是我們真正的朋友，并不是數(shù)量越多越好，而是要尋找真正的朋友；G選項(xiàng)“但是說到友誼，數(shù)量和質(zhì)量哪個(gè)更重要？”與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，同時(shí)起到了引起下文的作用，符合題意。故選G項(xiàng)。
52．
上文“We’ve fallen out of touch with friends and acquaintances(我們與朋友和熟人失去了聯(lián)系)”可知，我們已經(jīng)與朋友和熟人失去了聯(lián)系；下文“but do we actually have to arouse every relationship we once had?(但是我們真的需要喚醒我們?cè)?jīng)的每一段感情嗎？)”以設(shè)問的形式提出是否需要喚起曾經(jīng)擁有的每一段關(guān)系；根據(jù)設(shè)空前的逗號(hào)以及設(shè)空后的小寫but可知，設(shè)空處是逗號(hào)結(jié)尾的選項(xiàng)；A選項(xiàng)“這可能會(huì)讓你感到尷尬”以逗號(hào)結(jié)尾，且承接上文說明了失去聯(lián)系導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果，同時(shí)與下文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，符合題意。故選A項(xiàng)。
53．
下文“Writing for BBC Worklife, Bryan Lufkin says：’While people have known for years that friendships are unquestionably good for your health，experts say it's only natural for acquaintances and even friends to fall by the wayside as time goes on—and it's nothing to feel guilty about. ‘”說明了相識(shí)甚至是朋友之間的關(guān)系出現(xiàn)退步是很自然的，這沒什么好內(nèi)疚的；D選項(xiàng)“沒有義務(wù)一定要繼續(xù)做朋友”中的no obligation與后文的nothing to feel guilty相對(duì)應(yīng)，stay friends與friends to fall by the wayside相對(duì)應(yīng)，符合題意。故選D項(xiàng)。
54．
上文“She says, “in life，as we go through certain stages and ages, our attention shifts, and we want to be around people who are like us.”( 她說，“在生活中，當(dāng)我們經(jīng)歷某些階段和年齡時(shí)，我們的注意力會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)移，我們想要和和我們一樣的人在一起?！?”說明了在生活中，隨著我們經(jīng)歷某些階段和年齡，我們的注意力會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)移，我們希望和自己相似的人在一起；下文“but we still need those special pals who've known us long term.”說明了我們?nèi)匀恍枰切┱J(rèn)識(shí)我們很久的特殊伙伴；B選項(xiàng)“所以，換朋友很正?！背薪恿松衔?，是對(duì)于上一段的結(jié)論性總結(jié)，同時(shí)與后文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，符合題意。故選B項(xiàng)。
55．
上文“These are friendships we invest time in. According to Robin Dunbar, a professor of evolutionary psychology at the University of Oxford, these are your inner circle of friends-your ‘shoulders to cry on’( 這些友誼是我們投入時(shí)間獲得的。根據(jù)牛津大學(xué)進(jìn)化心理學(xué)教授Robin Dunbar的說法，這些是你朋友的核心圈子，你可以依靠的肩膀)”說明了我們的核心朋友圈是我們投入了時(shí)間的，是我們可以依靠的；根據(jù)設(shè)空前的破折號(hào)可知，設(shè)空處是對(duì)前文的進(jìn)一步解釋；F選項(xiàng)“你每周至少要見他們一次，才能把他們留在圈子里”中的see them at least once a week與上文的invest time相對(duì)應(yīng)，是對(duì)上文的進(jìn)一步說明，符合題意。故選F項(xiàng)。
（2022·廣西廣西·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）In Halloween, children put on costumes and walk around the neighborhood. They ring doorbells and ask for treats. The custom of trick-or-treating has become popular in recent years. ____56____
Today I Found Out showed that the custom began with a Celtic tradition. It celebrated the end of the year by dressing up as evil spirits. Here is what the Celts believed. As we move from one year to the next, the dead and the living would overlap (重疊). Demons (惡魔)would wander the earth again. ____57____ You might come across a real demon wandering the Earth. If you were dressed up, they would think you were one of them.
____58____ They turned the demon dress-up party into “All Hallows Eve”, “All Soul’s Day” and “All Saints Day”. They had people dress up, such as saints and angels, but there were some people who still dressed as demons.
As for the trick-or-treating traditions, they began in the Middle Ages. Children would dress up in the costumes, sometimes poor adults did too. During Halloween, they would go around door to door, singing and praying in order to get food or money. ____59____ The children were then called “soulers”.???
The earliest quotation of “trick or treat” in print was from the Calgary Herald, 3rd November, 1927. “Halloween came and went. ...The greatest activity was manifested by the very young, who wandered in droves from door to door, heavily disguised and demanding “trick or treat”. ____60____ ”
A．To treat was to be untracked.
B．But do you know where it started?
C．People dress up on Halloween to beg for food.
D．Dressing up as demons was a defense mechanism.
E．Then Catholicism was trying to change the custom.
F．Children sing and pray in exchange for food or money.
G．They were often said to be on behalf of the dead, which was called “souling”.
【答案】56．B
57．D
58．E
59．G
60．A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】
這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了萬圣節(jié)“不給糖就搗蛋”這一習(xí)俗的起源和萬圣節(jié)背后的歷史。
56．
根據(jù)上文“The custom of trick-or-treating has become popular in recent years.(近些年來，“不給糖就搗蛋”的習(xí)俗變得很流行)”和下文對(duì)萬圣節(jié)人們把自己打扮成鬼怪的起源的介紹可知，空處應(yīng)承上啟下，詢問讀者知道這個(gè)習(xí)俗起源于哪兒。B項(xiàng)“但你知道它是從哪里開始的嗎?”符合題意，開啟下文。故選B。
57．
根據(jù)上文“It celebrated the end of the year by dressing up as evil spirits. Here is what the Celts believed. As we move from one year to the next, the dead and the living would overlap (重疊). Demons (惡魔) would wander the earth again.(它通過裝扮成邪惡的靈魂來慶祝年末。以下是凱爾特人的信仰。隨著時(shí)間的推移，死者和生者會(huì)重疊在一起。惡魔又會(huì)在地球上游蕩)”和下文“If you were dressed up, they would think you were one of them.(如果你盛裝打扮，它們會(huì)以為你是他們中的一員)”可知，人們惡魔會(huì)在年末時(shí)來到地球游蕩，而打扮成邪惡靈魂的樣子可以讓惡魔誤認(rèn)為你是它們中的一員。由此可知，裝扮成邪惡的靈魂是一種防御的方法。D項(xiàng)“裝扮成惡魔是一種防御機(jī)制”符合題意。故選D。
58．
根據(jù)下文“They turned the demon dress-up party into “All Hallows Eve”, “All Soul’s Day” and “All Saints Day”.(他們把魔鬼裝扮派對(duì)變成了“萬圣夜”、“萬靈節(jié)”和“萬圣節(jié)”)”中的turned推知，有人想要改變以前的裝扮派對(duì)。E項(xiàng)“后來天主教試圖改變這一習(xí)俗”符合題意，選項(xiàng)中的change呼應(yīng)下文的turn。故選E。
59．
根據(jù)上文“During Halloween, they would go around door to door, singing and praying in order to get food or money. (在萬圣節(jié)期間，他們會(huì)挨家挨戶地串門，唱歌和祈禱，以獲得食物或錢)”以及下文“The children were then called “soulers”.(這些孩子被稱為“靈魂者”)”可知，孩子們?cè)谌f圣節(jié)會(huì)挨家挨戶祈求食物或錢，小孩被稱為“靈魂者”。由此可知，空處應(yīng)陳述被要來的食物或錢被稱為什么。G項(xiàng)“人們常說它們代表著死者，這被稱為‘亡靈’?！狈项}意，選項(xiàng)中的they指代上文的food or money，而souling呼應(yīng)下文的souler。故選G。
60．
空處位于文末，應(yīng)承接上文。根據(jù)上文“The greatest activity was manifested by the very young, who wandered in droves from door to door, heavily disguised and demanding ‘trick or treat’.(最活躍的是年幼的孩子，他們成群結(jié)隊(duì)地挨家挨戶溜達(dá)，偽裝得很好，要求“不給糖就搗蛋”)”推知，下文陳述小孩子們要求得到糖的原因。A項(xiàng)“給了糖就不會(huì)被惡魔跟著”符合題意。故選A。
（2022·廣東廣州·一模）How does it feel when you solve your problem by yourself? Things may not always go as planned, but being resourceful can help you stay calm and work your way out of tricky situations.
Being resourceful means finding smart and creative ways to solve a problem, using whatever resources you have at the time. ____61____ They can also be anything else that’s useful, such as information, advice or your own experience. It also means trusting your instincts, the ability you’re born with, rather than through training and being confident about your ability to face challenges. A resourceful person is not the one getting cross or panicking when something goes wrong. They’re thinking about how to solve the problem.
_____62_____ when we learn to problem solve for ourselves rather than immediately going to others for help, it can help to build our confidence, help us feel more independent, and feel better about making decisions. Being resourceful may not help you avoid problems, but thinking creatively about how you can deal with them will make you feel less stressed and more prepared next time. _____63_____ This can boost self-esteem, that is, how you feel about yourself.
When you’re facing a challenge, try to focus on the actual problem rather than how you feel about it. Think about where and when it happened and what the causes are. Next, think up as many solutions to the problem as you can. ____64____ Finally, review what has and hasn’t worked, so you’re equipped to deal with a situation next time.
And remember, if you have a tricky problem that you’re unable to solve, then ask a trusted adult for help.???____65____
A．You also learn what you’re good at.
B．Here is how you can be more resourceful.
C．These may be practical things like pens and paper.
D．No one is expected to solve all problems by themselves.
E．Resourcefulness is a skill that’s good for you in lots of ways.
F．They can be famous mottos that always inspire us to move on.
G．Weigh up what’s good and bad about each one and choose the best.
【答案】61．F
62．E
63．A
64．G
65．D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】
這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了遇到棘手的問題時(shí)的應(yīng)對(duì)方法，要足智多謀，隨機(jī)應(yīng)變。
61．
根據(jù)上一句“Being resourceful means finding smart and creative ways to solve a problem, using whatever resources you have at the time.(足智多謀的意思是找到聰明和創(chuàng)造性的方法來解決問題，利用你目前所擁有的任何資源)”和下文“They can also be anything else that’s useful, such as information, advice or your own experience. （它們也可以是任何其他有用的東西，例如信息、建議或您自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。）”上文提到可以使用擁有的任何資源，下文提到“也可以是其他有用的東西”可知，設(shè)空處需要第一次例舉這些有用的東西。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，選項(xiàng)F.They can be famous mottos that always inspire us to move on.(它們可以是激勵(lì)我們繼續(xù)前進(jìn)的著名格言。)承上啟下，符合題意；此處they和空后they指代相同。故選F。
62．
挖空處在段首，有可能是段落的主旨句。而后面“…it can help to build our confidence, help us feel more independent, and feel better about making decisions.(它可以幫助我們建立信心，幫助我們感到更獨(dú)立，在做決定時(shí)感覺更好)”及“Being resourceful may not help you avoid problems, but thinking creatively about how you can deal with them will make you feel less stressed and more prepared next time.(足智多謀或許不能幫助你避免問題，但創(chuàng)造性地思考如何處理問題會(huì)讓你感覺壓力更小，下次準(zhǔn)備更充分)”主要說的是“being resourceful”帶來的好處， E選項(xiàng)意思就是resourcefulness 能帶來很多好處。故選E。
63．
該段首句說的是“being resourceful”會(huì)對(duì)你有好處，前面兩句“…it can help to build our confidence, help us feel more independent, and feel better about making decisions.(...它可以幫助我們建立信心，幫助我們感到更獨(dú)立，在做決定時(shí)感覺更好)”及“Being resourceful may not help you avoid problems, but thinking creatively about how you can deal with them will make you feel less stressed and more prepared next time.(足智多謀或許不能幫助你避免問題，但創(chuàng)造性地思考如何處理問題會(huì)讓你感覺壓力更小，下次準(zhǔn)備更充分)”具體列舉了“being resourceful”帶來的好處，A選項(xiàng)：你還能知道你所擅長的是什么，對(duì)自己更加了解，也契合下一句“This can boost self-esteem, that is, how you feel about yourself.這能提高自尊心。這是又一個(gè)好處，A項(xiàng)最符合語境。故選A。
64．
該段在討論遇到困難時(shí)，要專注于問題本身，并列出了具體的步驟。上一句“Next, think up as many solutions to the problem as you can.(接下來，想出盡可能多的方法來解決問題)”講的是“盡可能多地想出一些解決措施”，G選項(xiàng)：然后衡量它們的好壞，選出最佳的一個(gè)，其中them指代上一句solutions，G項(xiàng)填到此處最合適。故選G。
65．
上一句“And remember, if you have a tricky problem that you’re unable to solve, then ask a trusted adult for help.(記住，如果你有一個(gè)棘手的問題，你無法解決，然后向一個(gè)值得信任的成年人尋求幫助)”表示自己實(shí)在解決不了，你還可以求助其他人，D選項(xiàng)意為“沒有人是被期望要獨(dú)自解決所有問題的”，與上文意義一致。故填D。

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