押北京卷31—34題閱讀理解D篇議論文 -備戰(zhàn)2022年高考英語臨考題號(hào)押題（北京卷）-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

議論文
議論文是英語中的重要文體，在閱讀理解中占有一定的比例。相對(duì)于其它文體，議論文閱讀要難一些，因此要多加重視。
議論文就是說理性的文章，一般由論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和論證過程組成。議論文都要提出論題、觀點(diǎn)、提供充分的證據(jù)，使用一定的邏輯方法證明觀點(diǎn)或得出結(jié)論。
議論文涉及的論題具有生活化的特征，與社會(huì)生活密切相關(guān)。從命題上看，議論文閱讀理解以考查細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷為主，偶爾考查文章的主旨大意和作者的情感態(tài)度?？忌谄綍r(shí)的閱讀訓(xùn)練中要閱讀一定數(shù)量的議論文，以了解和掌握議論文的結(jié)構(gòu)和行文特征。
【考情分析】
議論文涉及的論題具有生活化的特征，與社會(huì)生活密切相關(guān)。從命題上看，議論文閱讀理解以考查細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷為主，但不排除對(duì)觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的考查?？忌谄綍r(shí)的閱讀訓(xùn)練中要閱讀一定數(shù)量的議論文，以了解和掌握議論文的結(jié)構(gòu)和行文特征。
一、文體特點(diǎn)與閱讀策略
1. 語言與結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)
議論文應(yīng)該觀點(diǎn)明確、論據(jù)充分、語言精練、論證合理、有嚴(yán)密的邏輯性。議論文通常采用三段論式的結(jié)構(gòu)，即“提出問題（引論）—分析問題（本論）—解決問題（結(jié)論）”。由此可見，要理解議論文有兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)，一是要弄清文章的論點(diǎn)是什么、采用了哪些論據(jù)、如何論證；二是要理清其基本結(jié)構(gòu)——三段論式結(jié)構(gòu)。
2. 答題誤區(qū)
議論文閱讀理解題易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)往往在于事實(shí)與觀點(diǎn)的區(qū)分以及觀點(diǎn)本身。解題時(shí)，一要弄清哪些是所引述的事實(shí)，哪些是作者的觀點(diǎn)以及引述中不同人物的觀點(diǎn)；二要弄清作者真正的觀點(diǎn)是什么，既要考慮全文，又要重視結(jié)論部分，謹(jǐn)防將文章中引述的某人的觀點(diǎn)和作者的觀點(diǎn)混為一談。
抓住論點(diǎn)找主旨。
閱讀議論文最重要的是抓住文章的論點(diǎn)，找到文章的論點(diǎn)也就把握了文章的主旨。一般來說，作者會(huì)在開頭段落交代文章的論點(diǎn)，因此，細(xì)讀文章首段尤為重要。
理清文章結(jié)構(gòu)。
議論文一般采用“總分總”的結(jié)構(gòu)，作者先給出論點(diǎn)，然后從不同方面（正面，反面）進(jìn)行論證，最后給出總結(jié)或者自己的觀點(diǎn)。文章中會(huì)出現(xiàn)較為明顯的轉(zhuǎn)折，遞進(jìn)，并列或者歸納總結(jié)等的邏輯關(guān)系詞。考生在閱讀時(shí)，要理清文章結(jié)構(gòu)，找到論點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)而理解作者給出的論據(jù)，突破細(xì)節(jié)理解題和推理判斷題。
體會(huì)語言特點(diǎn)。
能否正確把握作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度是體現(xiàn)閱讀能力的重要方面。一般來說，對(duì)作者的總的態(tài)度和傾向，必須在通讀全文，掌握了論點(diǎn)和論據(jù)后，方能做出判斷。在判斷作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度時(shí)，我們應(yīng)注意，有時(shí)候作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度并不是明確地表達(dá)出來的，需要我們認(rèn)真體察。做推理判斷時(shí)，一定要遵循邏輯規(guī)律，以事實(shí)為依據(jù)進(jìn)行合理的推理。
（2021·北京·高考真題）Early fifth-century philspher St．Augustine famusly wrte that he knew what time was unless smene asked him．Albert Einstein added anther wrinkle when he therized that time varies depending n where yu measure it．Tday's state-f-the-art atmic（原子的） clcks have prven Einstein right．Even advanced physics can't decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends n the questin yu're asking．
Frget abut time as an abslute．What if，instead f cnsidering time in terms f astrnmy,we related time t eclgy？What if we allwed envirnmental cnditins t set the temp（節(jié)奏） f human life？We're increasingly aware f the fact that we can't cntrl Earth systems with engineering alne，and realizing that we need t mderate（調(diào)節(jié)）ur actins if we hpe t live in balance．What if ur definitin f time reflected that？
Recently，I cnceptualized a new apprach t timekeeping that's cnnected t circumstances n ur planet，cnditins that might change as a result f glbal warming．We're nw building a clck at the Anchrage Museum that reflects the ttal flw f several majr Alaskan rivers，which are sensitive t lcal and glbal envirnmental changes．We've prgrammed it t match an atmic clck if the waterways cntinue t flw at their present rate．If the rivers run faster in the future n average，the clck will get ahead f standard time．If they run slwer，yu'll see the ppsite effect．
The clck registers bth shrt-term irregularities and lng-term trends in river dynamics．It's a srt f bservatry that reveals hw the rivers are behaving frm their wn tempral frame（時(shí)間框架），and allws us t witness thse changes n ur smartwatches r phnes．Anyne wh pts t g n Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmny with the planet．Anyne wh cnsiders river time in relatin t atmic time will encunter a majr imbalance and may be mtivated t cunteract it by cnsuming less fuel r supprting greener plicies．
Even if this methd f timekeeping is nvel in its particulars，early agricultural scieties als cnnected time t natural phenmena．In pre-Classical Greece，fr instance，peple“crrected”fficial calendars by shifting dates frward r backward t reflect the change f seasn．Tempral cnnectin t the envirnment was vital t their survival．Likewise，river time and ther timekeeping systems we're develping may encurage envirnmental awareness．
When St．Augustine admitted his inability t define time， he highlighted ne f time 's mst nticeable qualities：Time becmes meaningful nly in a defined cntext．Any timekeeping system is valid，and each is as praisewrthy as its purpse．
1．What is the main idea f Paragraph 1？
A．Timekeeping is increasingly related t nature．
B．Everyne can define time n their wn terms．
C．The qualities f time vary with hw yu measure it．
D．Time is a majr cncern f philsphers and scientists．
2．The authr raises three questins in Paragraph 2 mainly t________．
A．present an assumptinB．evaluate an argument
C．highlight an experimentD．intrduce an apprach
3．What can we learn frm this passage？
A．Thse wh d nt g n river time will live an imbalanced life．
B．New ways f measuring time can help t cntrl Earth systems．
C．Atmic time will get ahead f river time if the rivers run slwer．
D．Mdern technlgy may help t shape the rivers’ tempral frame．
4．What can we infer frm this passage？
A．It is crucial t imprve the definitin f time．
B．A fixed frame will make time meaningless．
C．We shuld live in harmny with nature．
D．Histry is a mirrr reflecting reality．
（2020·北京·高考真題）Fr the past five years, Paula Smith, a histrian f science, has devted herself t re-creating lng-frgtten techniques. While ding research fr her new bk, she came acrss a 16th-century French manuscript（手稿）cnsisting f nearly 1,000 sets f instructins, cvering subjects frm tl making t finding the best sand.
The authr's intentin remains as mysterius（神秘）as his name; he may have been simply taking ntes fr his wn recrds. But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didn't truly grasp any f the skills the authr described. "Yu simply can't get an understanding f that handwrk by reading abut it," she says.
Thugh Smith did get her hands n the best sand, ding things the ld-fashined way isn't just abut playing arund with French mud. Recnstructing the wrk f the craftsmen（工匠）wh lived centuries ag can reveal hw they viewed the wrld, what bjects filled their hmes, and what went n in the wrkshps that prduced them. It can even help slve present-day prblems: In 2015, scientists discvered that a 10th-century English medicine fr eve prblems culd kill a drug-resistant virus.
The wrk has als brught insights fr museums, Smith says. One must knw hw n bject was made in rder t preserve it. What's mre, recnstructins might be the nly way t knw what treasures lked like befre time wre them dwn. Schlars have seen this idea in practice with ancient Greek and Rman statues. These sculptures were painted a rainbw f striking clurs. We can't appreciate these kinds f details withut seeing wrks f art as they riginally appeared-smething Smith believes yu can d nly when yu have a rad map.
Smith has put the manuscript's ideas int practice. Her final gal is t link the wrlds f art and science back tgether: She believes that bringing the ld recipes t life can help develp a kind f learning that highlights experimentatin, teamwrk, and prblem slving.
Back when science—then called “the new philsphy”—tk shape, academics lked t craftsmen fr help in understanding the natural wrld. Micrscpes and telescpes were invented by way f artistic tinkering（修補(bǔ)）, as craftsmen experimented with glass t better bend light.
If we can rediscver the values f hands-n experience and craftwrk, Smith says, we can marry the best f ur mdern insights with the handiness f ur ancestrs.
5．Hw did Smith, feel after reading the French manuscript?
A．Cnfused abut the technical terms.
B．Impressed with its detailed instructins.
C．Discuraged by its cmplex structure.
D．Shcked fr her wn lack f hand skills.
6．Accrding t Smith, the recnstructin wrk is dne mainly t _____________.
A．restre ld wrkshpsB．understand the craftsmen
C．imprve visual effectsD．inspire the philsphers
7．Why des the authr mentin museums?
A．T reveal the beauty f ancient bjects.
B．T present the findings f ld science.
C．T highlight the imprtance f antiques.
D．T emphasise the values f hand skills.
8．Which wuld be the best title fr this passage?
A．Craftsmen Set the Trends fr Artists
B．Craftsmanship Leads t New Theries
C．Craftsmanship Makes Better Scientists
D．Craftsmen Reshape the Future f Science
（2019·北京·高考真題）The prblem f rbcalls has gtten s bad that many peple nw refuse t pick up calls frm numbers they dn’t knw. By next year, half f the calls we receive will be scams(欺詐). We are finally waking up t the severity f the prblem by supprting and develping a grup f tls, apps and appraches intended t prevent scammers frm getting thrugh. Unfrtunately, it’s t little, t late. By the time these “slutins”(解決方案) becme widely available, scammers will have mved nt cleverer means. In the near future, it’s nt just ging t be the number yu see n yur screen that will be in dubt. Sn yu will als questin whether the vice yu’re hearing is actually real.
That’s because there are a number f pwerful vice manipulatin(處理) and autmatin technlgies that are abut t becme widely available fr anyne t use. At this year’s I/O Cnference, a cmpany shwed a new vice technlgy able t prduce such a cnvincing human-sunding vice that it was able t speak t a receptinist and bk a reservatin withut detectin.
These develpments are likely t make ur current prblems with rbcalls much wrse. The reasn that rbcalls are a headache has less t d with amunt than precisin. A decade f data breaches(數(shù)據(jù)侵入) f persnal infrmatin has led t a situatin where scammers can easily learn yur mther’s name, and far mre. Armed with this knwledge, they’re able t carry ut individually targeted campaigns t cheat peple. This means, fr example, that a scammer culd call yu frm what lks t be a familiar number and talk t yu using a vice that sunds exactly like yur bank teller’s, tricking yu int “cnfirming” yur address, mther’s name, and card number. Scammers fllw mney, s cmpanies will be the wrst hit. A lt f business is still dne ver the phne, and much f it is based n trust and existing relatinships. Vice manipulatin technlgies may weaken that gradually.
We need t deal with the insecure nature f ur telecm netwrks. Phne carriers and cnsumers need t wrk tgether t find ways f determining and cmmunicating what is real. That might mean either develping a unifrm way t mark vides and images, shwing when and wh they were made by, r abandning phne calls altgether and mving twards data-based cmmunicatins—using apps like FaceTime r WhatsApp, which can be tied t yur identity.
Credibility is hard t earn but easy t lse, and the prblem is nly ging t get harder frm here n ut.
9．Hw des the authr feel abut the slutins t prblem f rbcalls?
A．Panicked.B．Cnfused.C．Embarrassed.D．Disappinted.
10．Taking advantage f the new technlgies, scammer can ________.
A．a(chǎn)im at victims preciselyB．damage databases easily
C．start campaigns rapidlyD．spread infrmatin widely
11．What des the passage imply?
A．Hnesty is the best plicy.
B．Technlgies can be duble-edged.
C．There are mre slutins than prblems.
D．Credibility hlds the key t develpment.
12．Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Where the Prblem f Rbcalls Is Rted
B．Wh Is t Blame fr the Prblem f Rbcalls
C．Why Rbcalls Are Abut t Get Mre Dangerus
D．Hw Rbcalls Are Affecting the Wrld f Technlgy

（2022·黑龍江·哈爾濱三中二模）Peple’s distrust f scientists arises partly frm the blurring (模糊的) f bundaries between science and technlgy, between discvery and manufacture. Mst gvernments, perhaps all gvernments, justify public expenses n scientific research in terms f the ecnmic benefits the scientific business has brught in the past and will bring in the future. Pliticians remind their vters f the splendid machines “ur scientists” have invented, the new drugs t relieve ld disrders, and the new surgical equipment and techniques by which previusly unmanageable cnditins may nw be treated and lives saved. At the same time, the pliticians demand f scientists that they tailr their research t “ecnmics needs”, and that they award a higher pririty t research prpsals that are “near the market” and can be translated int the greatest return n investment in the shrtest time. Dependent, as they are, n pliticians fr much f their funding, scientists have little chice but t bey. Like the rest f us, they are members f a sciety that rates the creatin f wealth as the greatest pssible gd. Many have reservatins, but keep them t themselves in what they regard as a climate unfavurable t the pursuit f understanding fr its wn sake and the idea f an inquiring, creative spirit.
In such circumstances n ne shuld be t hard n peple wh are suspicius f cnflicts f interest. When we learn that the distinguished prfessr assuring us f the safety f a particular prduct hlds a cnsultancy (顧問工作) with the cmpany making it, we cannt be blamed fr wndering whether his fee might clud his prfessinal judgment. Even if the prfessr hlds n cnsultancy with any firm, sme peple may still distrust him because f his assciatin with thse wh d, r at least wnder abut the surce f sme f his research funding.
This attitude can have damaging effects. It questins the integrity (誠(chéng)實(shí)正直) f individuals wrking in a prfessin that prizes intellectual hnesty as the supreme virtue, and plays int the hands f thse wh wuld like t discredit scientists by representing them as crruptible (腐敗的). This makes it easier t dismiss all scientific prnuncements (聲明), but especially thse made by the scientists wh present themselves as “experts”. The scientist mst likely t understand the safety f a nuclear reactr, fr example, is a nuclear engineer, and a nuclear engineer is mst likely t be emplyed by the nuclear industry. If a nuclear engineer declares that a reactr is unsafe, we believe him, because clearly it is nt t his advantage t lie abut it. If he tells us it is safe, n the ther hand, we distrust him, because he may well be prtecting the emplyer wh pays his salary.
13．What is the chief cncern f mst gvernments when it cmes t scientific research?
A．Quick ecnmic returns.B．Supprt frm the vters.
C．The reductin f public expenses.D．The budget fr a research prject.
14．Scientist have t adapt their research t “ecnmic needs” in rder t ______.
A．translate knwledge int wealthB．impress the public with their achievements
C．pursue knwledge fr knwledge’s sakeD．btain funding frm the gvernment
15．Accrding t the authr, peple are suspicius f the prfessinal judgment f scientists because ______.
A．sme f them d nt give pririty t intellectual hnesty
B．they culd be influenced by their assciatin with the prject cncerned
C．their prnuncements ften turn ut t be wrng
D．smetimes they hide the surce f their research funding
16．Why des the authr say that public distrust f scientists can have damaging effects?
A．Scientists themselves may dubt the value f their research findings.
B．It makes things difficult fr scientists t seek research funds.
C．Peple will nt believe scientists even when they tell the truth.
D．It may wear ut the enthusiasm f scientists fr independent research.
（2022·廣東·一模）Thrughut histry, many species f animals have been threatened with extinctin. When Eurpeans first arrived in Nrth America, mre than 60 millin buffal (水牛) lived n the cntinent. Yet hunting the buffal was s ppular during the 19th century that by 1900 the animal’s ppulatin had fallen t abut 400 befre the gvernment stepped in t prtect the species. In sme cuntries tday, the elephant faces a similar challenge, as illegal hunters kill the animals fr the ivry in their tusks.
Yet nt all animals with cmmercial value face this threat (威脅).The cw, fr example, is a valuable surce f fd, but n ne wrries that the cw will sn be extinct. Why des the cmmercial value f ivry threaten the elephant. while the cmmercial value f beef prtects the cw?
The reasn is that elephants are a cmmn resurce, while cws are private gds. Elephants wander freely withut any wners. The hunter has a strng mtivatin t kill as many elephants as he can find. Because illegal hunters are numerus, each has nly a slight mtivatin t preserve the elephant ppulatin. By cntrast, cattle live n farms that are privately wned. Each farmer makes great effrt t maintain the cattle ppulatin n his farm because he harvests the benefit f these effrts.
Gvernments have tried t slve the elephant’s prblem in tw ways. Sme cuntries, such as Kenya and Uganda, have made it illegal t kill elephants and sell their ivry. Yet these laws have been hard t put int effect, and elephant ppulatins have cntinued t dwindle. By cntrast, ther cuntries, such as Malawi and Namibia, have made elephants private gds and allwed peple t kill elephants, but nly thse n their wn prperty.
With private wnership and the prfit mtive nw n its side, the African elephant might smeday be as safe frm extinctin as the cw. The ancient Greek philspher Aristtle pinted ut the prblem with cmmn resurces: “What is cmmn t many is taken least care f, fr all men have greater regard fr what is their wn than fr what they pssess in cmmn with thers.”
17．Why des the authr mentin buffal in paragraph 1?
A．T intrduce a similar threat t elephants.
B．T prvide an example f species extinctin.
C．T ffer an explanatin fr gvernment plicies.
D．T present the statistics f the buffal in America.
18．Why d elephants face threats while cws are safe?
A．They are under different law prtectin
B．They attract different grups f hunters
C．They cntain different cmmercial value
D．They represent different wnership types
19．What is paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A．Bans n killing elephants fr ivry
B．Effective laws fr elephant prtectin.
C．Methds f making elephants private gds
D．Gvernment plicies n the elephant’s prblem
20．What can we learn frm Aristtle’s wrds?
A．Peple hld little regard fr thers’ prperty
B．Peple want t prfit frm cmmn resurces
C．Peple care mre abut their wn pssessin
D．Peple tend t take what they wn fr granted
（2022·廣東·汕頭市聿懷中學(xué)模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Integrity is the quality f being hnest and strng abut what yu believe t be right. The cncept f integrity has played a key rle in mral philsphy thrughut histry and is prmted in all scieties because f its imprtance t scial relatins. Individual integrity is vital t sciety, ne that enables peple t make use f their capacity fr critical reflectin, des nt frce peple t take up particular rles and des nt encurage individuals t betray each ther. Besides, scieties can be favrable t the develpment f individual integrity.
Individual integrity can lift up the spirits f the entire sciety. It can shape the lives f peple living in a particular sciety, the lives f all fellw peple and, in its bradest sense, even the destiny f a natin. By cntrast, if thse living in the sciety are crrupt, it culd have bad effects, jepardizing the healthy mrality f the sciety.
On the ther hand, a sciety can be favrable t the develpment f individual integrity. Sciety expects and requires integrity. A sciety cnsisting f peple f integrity, and peple wh never cmprmise n their principles, culd have a psitive mark n the persnal develpment n its members. Being a part f such a mrally lively cmmunity culd serve as a basis fr absrbing traits f gd character. This culd be f a distinct advantage t any individuals in the sciety.
Nnetheless, sme scial structures are f the wrng srt fr sme individuals t pursue integrity. If that is the case, we have t ask questins abut the mral nature f sciety first befre raising questins abut individual integrity. Questins abut integrity may turn ut t be abut what kind f sciety it is, rather than abut the relatinship between individual interests and characteristics f a sciety. The pursuit f adequate individual integrity ften depends, nt s much n understanding wh ne is and what ne believes and is cmmitted t, but rather understanding what ne’s sciety is and imagining what it culd be.
Under n circumstances can we underestimate the imprtance f human integrity in a sciety. Peple, wh are hnest, trustwrthy, cmpassinate and caring, are the factrs decisive in the grwth f individuals as well as the develpment f a sciety.
21．Individual integrity has been valued in sciety because ______.
A．it helps develp philsphyB．it is crucial t scial relatins
C．it is the basis f critical thinkingD．it ensures peple’s particular rles
22．The underlined wrd “jepardizing” in Paragraph 2 prbably means “______”.
A．strengtheningB．a(chǎn)ssessing
C．influencingD．destrying
23．What des the authr believe accrding t the passage?
A．Individual integrity relies n what ne has faith in.
B．The pursuit f individual integrity changes with time.
C．The nature f sciety is decided by ecnmic develpment.
D．Scial structures guide the frmatin f individual integrity.
24．Which f the fllwing shws the develpment f ideas in the passage?
CP: Central Pint P: Pint Sp: Sub-pint C: Cnclusin
A．B．
C．D．
（2022·海南·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Our screens give ut all kinds f light, especially blue light. Blue light, the argument ges, can affect yur eye health, yur sleeping patterns, and yur health. Blue light glasses—technically they shuld be called “blue light blcking glasses”—filter ut blue light, letting in the ther wavelengths f light, thus theretically reducing the danger that blue light presents. Blue light glasses are designed t reduce what’s knwn as digital eye strain (疲勞), r DES. There are many symptms assciated with DES, including headaches, dry eyes, and unclear visin.
Hw effective are blue light glasses? We’ll start with the bad news: there is n evidence that blue light glasses have any effect n eye strain frm digital screens. In fact, ne British glasses dealer was actually fined fr indicating that blue light glasses can prtect against DES, given that there’s n scientific evidence f this. What’s mre likely is that DES is caused by veruse, r misuse f eyes. After all, the sun is a substantially mre pwerful prvider f blue light than ur screens, and it has been decidedly prved that DES isn’t assciated with the sun at all. The general agreement is that DES is caused by spending t lng, staring t hard, and sitting t clse t ur screens. Health experts generally recmmend taking breaks t prevent DES, rather than relying n blue light glasses.
But there is ne thing that blue light glasses might help with. Sme studies have indicated that blue light can be bad fr ur circadian rhythms (生理節(jié)奏). In ther wrds, expsure t blue light culd make it harder t fall asleep. There haven’t been enugh studies t tell if blue light glasses, wrn fr a few hurs befre bed, culd help yu sleep better, but it’s nt ut f the questin.
That said, there are interesting reprts f peple lving their blue light glasses. Even if it’s just the placeb (安慰劑) effect, well, that can be incredibly pwerful, and if it wrks n yu, keep ding it.
25．What des the underlined part “filter ut” in paragraph 1 mean?
A．Appear r happen gradually.B．Remve smething particular.
C．Bring smething int existence.D．Tell smething apart frm thers.
26．What is DES likely caused by?
A．The blinding sun light.B．Unfit and cheap glasses.
C．Imprper use f eyes.D．All kinds f natural blue light.
27．What des paragraph 3 mainly tell us abut blue light glasses?
A．They may be gd fr sleep.B．They can excite peple.
C．They can help with nthing.D．They are bad fr circadian rhythms.
28．What is the authr’s attitude t blue light glasses?
A．Intlerant.B．Optimistic.
C．Objective.D．Cnservative.
（2022·江蘇連云港·二模）
In the frest, trees ften give each ther space t reach fr the sky,a habit that humans can learn frm when it cmes t setting persnal bundaries.
Next time yu g fr a walk in a frest r wdland take a mment t lk abve yu. Yu might find that the crwn(樹冠）resembles a breathtaking umbrella with channel-like gaps between the tps f the trees. This phenmenn has been dcumented wrldwide since the 1920s, and is called “crwn shyness”. It happens when trees appear t give each ther space.
Even when trees grw clse tgether, they shw a mutual (相互的）respect and ffer benefits. This is true in the case f “married” trees -where a tree intertwines（纏繞）with ne resistant t disease, it shares the advantages f its friend. Maintaining healthy bundaries help trees t maintain gd health, manage resurces and prtect the frest as a whle.
When humans fail t respect bundaries, the emtinal and physical resurces f individuals,and the cmmunity can be affected. In this sense, a bundary is a cnceptual brder. It helps t establish where yu end and ther peple begin. It means taking respnsibility fr nly yur wn emtins and actins, nt ther peple’s. Yu culd think f yur bundaries as a mat (護(hù)城河）arund yur castle, cmplete with a drawbridge that can be lwered r raised. As the gatekeeper f yur castle, yu decide wh and what cmes in and when.
Of curse, marking ut bundaries takes time, and sme peple might be unhappy abut any changes yu make. Establishing a clear line between yu and the rest f the wrld, hwever, is essential fr building the self-wrth and self-care needed t functin at yur best in relatinships.
29．What is “crwn shyness”?
A．A crwn with channel-like gaps.
B．A frest with umbrella-shaped crwns.
C．A behavir that trees give each ther space.
D．A phenmenn that trees cmpete fr space.
30．Hw des the authr develp Paragraph 3?
A．By telling a stry.
B．By giving an example.
C．By defining a cncept.
D．By making a cmparisn.
31．What is Paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A．The effects f ignring bundaries.
B．The meaning f taking respnsibilities.
C．The imprtance f setting persnal bundaries.
D．The methds f managing individual resurces.
32．What is the authr’s attitude t marking ut a bundary?
A．Favrable.B．Intlerant.
C．Dubtful.D．Cnservative.
（2022·天津市新華中學(xué)模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Why des scial media trigger feelings f lneliness and inadequacy? Because instead f being real life, it is, fr the mst part, impressin management, a way f marketing yurself, carefully chsing and filtering the picture and wrds t put yur best face frward.
Online “friends” made thrugh scial media d nt fllw the nrmal psychlgical prgressin f a interpersnal relatinship. Yu share neither physical time nr emtinal cnversatins ver the Internet. Yu simply cmmunicate phtgraphs and catchy psts t a diverse grup f peple whm yu have “friended” r “fllwed” based n an accidental interactin. This is nt t say that yur scial media friends can't be real friends. They abslutely can, but the tw are nt the same. Generally speaking, there are n unfiltered cmments and casually taken phts n ur scial media pages. And, rightfully s, because it wuldn't feel safe t be cmpletely authentic and vulnerable with sme f ur “friends” whm we dn't actually knw r with whm trust has yet t be built.
Scial media can certainly be an escape frm the daily rutines, but we must be cautined against the negative effects, such as addictin, n a persn's verall psychlgical well-being.
As humans，we are eager fr scial cnnectin. Scrlling (滾動(dòng)) thrugh pages f pictures and cmments, hwever, des nt prvide the same degree f fulfillment as face t face interactins d. Als, we tend t idealize thers' lives and cmpare ur dwnfalls t their greatest accmplishments, ending in feelings f lneliness and inadequacy.
Scial media can lead peple n the unhealthy quest fr perfectin. Sme peple begin t attend certain events r travel t different places s that they can snap that “perfect” pht. They begin t seek validatin thrugh the number f peple wh “l(fā)ike” their psts. In rder fr it t play a psychlgically healthy rle in yur scial life, scial media shuld supplement an already healthy scial netwrk. Pictures and psts shuld be byprducts f life's treasured mments and fun times, nt the planned and calculated image that ne is putting ut int cyberspace in an attempt t fill insecurities r unmet needs.
Ultimately, scial media has increased ur ability t cnnect with varius types f peple all ver the glbe. It has pened drs fr business and allwed us t stay cnnected t peple whm we may nt therwise get t fllw. Hwever, scial media shuld feel like a fun experience, nt ne that cntributes t negative thughts and feelings. If the latter is the case, increasing face t face time with trusted friends, and minimizing time scrlling nline, will prve t be a reminder that yur scial netwrk is much mre rewarding than any “l(fā)ike”, “fllw” r “share” can be.
33．What des the authr imply scial media may d t ur life?
A．It may facilitate ur interpersnal relatinships.
B．It may filter ur negative impressins f thers.
C．It may make us feel islated and incmpetent.
D．It may render us vulnerable and inauthentic.
34．Why d peple pst cmments selectively n scial media?
A．They d nt find all their nline friends trustwrthy.
B．They d nt want t lse their fllwers.
C．They want t avid ffending any f their audience.
D．They are eager t bst their ppularity.
35．What are humans inclined t d accrding t the passage?
A．Exaggerate their life's accmplishments.
B．Strive fr perfectin regardless f the cst.
C．Paint a rsy picture f ther peple's lives.
D．Learn lessns frm ther peple's dwnfalls.
36．What des the authr advise peple t d when they find their nline experience uncnstructive?
A．Use scial media t increase their ability t cnnect with varius types f peple.
B．Stay cnnected t thse whm they may nt therwise get t knw and befriend.
C．Try t prevent negative thughts and feelings frm getting int the nline pages.
D．Strengthen ties with real-life friends instead f caring abut their nline image.

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