押北京卷28—30題閱讀理解C篇說明文或夾敘夾議 -備戰(zhàn)2022年高考英語臨考題號押題（北京卷）-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

?押北京卷第28—30題
閱讀理解C篇說明文或夾敘夾議

【命題趨勢和規(guī)律】
研究近幾年高考試題可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，高考閱讀理解設(shè)置的問題往往反映了一篇文章的主要信息和脈絡(luò)，命題者通常從以下幾個維度設(shè)題：
1. 段首、段尾句：第一段首句或末段末句往往反映了文章的主題或中心思想；某一段的段首句或段尾句往往是該段的主題句。因此，命題者一般針對它們設(shè)置主旨大意題目。
2. 轉(zhuǎn)折、對比處：一般來說，表示轉(zhuǎn)折意義的信號詞but、however、yet、on the contrary、in fact或體現(xiàn)對比關(guān)系的提示詞unlike、while等后的內(nèi)容往往是表意重點。因此，命題者常常抓住這一特點設(shè)置推理判斷、觀點態(tài)度等題目。
3. 引用人物論斷處：為了表達自己的觀點或使論點更有說服力，作者常常引用他人的論斷或重要發(fā)現(xiàn)進行證明。命題者常常針對它們設(shè)置推理判斷題目。
4. 體現(xiàn)因果關(guān)系處：命題者常常針對體現(xiàn)因果關(guān)系的because、for、since、now that、as a result、consequently、result in、result from等信號詞設(shè)置細節(jié)理解、推理判斷、觀點態(tài)度題目。
5. 舉例子、打比方處：為了使自己的觀點更有說服力，作者常常采用舉例子或打比方等方法。命題者常常抓住for example、for instance、such as、as等設(shè)置意圖態(tài)度、推理判斷等題目。
6. 復(fù)雜句式處：復(fù)雜句式一般包括同位語、插入語、長難句等，它們往往對考生準確理解文意形成障礙。命題者往往針對這些復(fù)雜句式設(shè)置詞義猜測、推理判斷等題目。
7. 特殊標點處：破折號、冒號、括號、引號后的內(nèi)容往往是對前面內(nèi)容的進一步解釋、說明或補充。命題者往往針對這些標點符號后的內(nèi)容設(shè)置細節(jié)理解推理判斷主旨大音等題目

1. 通讀全文，把握主題知大意
考生在有限的時間里，充分利用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧速讀全文，抓住關(guān)鍵詞、高頻詞、主題句、標題、副標題、插圖、表格等關(guān)鍵信息，把握文章結(jié)構(gòu)，快速確定文章主旨大意。
2. 關(guān)注細節(jié)，理清思路與脈絡(luò)
記敘文多以時間或空間為線索展開故事；議論文通常包含論點、論據(jù)和結(jié)論，通過解釋、舉例來闡述觀點；說明文往往有明確的寫作順序。抓住這些特點并結(jié)合文章細節(jié)，可以在最短的時間內(nèi)理清文章思路，把握主旨大意。
3. 刪繁就簡，突破難句捕
遇到結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的句子，要善于略去修飾成分，如定語（從句）、狀語（從句）、同位語(從句）等，抓住句子的關(guān)鍵成分，即句子的主干成分，如主語、謂語和賓語，從而迅速鎖定句子意思
4. 技巧助力，輕松應(yīng)考走捷徑
在閱讀理解的過程中，只要考生把握高考命題的規(guī)律，熟練運用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等閱讀技巧，就可以獲得事半功倍的效果，提高正確率

（2021·北京·高考真題）Hundreds of scientists, writers and academics sounded a warning to humanity in an open letter published last December: Policymakers and the rest of us must engage openly with the risk of global collapse. Researchers in many areas have projected the widespread collapse as “a credible scenario(情景) this century”.
A survey of scientists found that extreme weather events, food insecurity, and freshwater shortages might create global collapse. Of course, if you are a non-human species, collapse is well underway.
The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment of still-uncontrolled pandemic and economic crises in the world's most technologically advanced nations. Not very long ago, it was also unthinkable that a virus would shut down nations and that safety nets would be proven so disastrously lacking in flexibility.
The international scholars’ warning letter doesn't say exactly what collapse will look like or when it might happen. Collapseology, the study of collapse, is more concerned with identifying trends and with them the dangers of everyday civilization. Among the signatories(簽署者) of the warning was Bob Johnson, the originator of the “ecological footprint” concept, which measures the total amount of environmental input needed to maintain a given lifestyle. With the current footprint of humanity, “it seems that global collapse is certain to happen in some form, possibly within a decade, certainly within this century,” Johnson said in an email.
“Only if we discuss the consequences of our biophysical limits,” the December warning letter says, “can we have the hope to reduce their speed, severity and harm”. And yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely to be ignored. We all want to hope things will turn out fine. As a poet wrote,
Man is a victim of dope(麻醉品)
In the incurable form of hope.
The hundreds of scholars who signed the letter are intent(執(zhí)著) on quieting hope that ignores preparedness. “Let's look directly into the issue of collapse,” they say, “and deal with the terrible possibilities of what we see there to make the best of a troubling future.”
1．What does the underlined word “germane” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Scientific. B．Credible.
C．Original. D．Relevant.
2．As for the public awareness of global collapse, the author is________.
A．worried B．puzzled
C．surprised D．scared
3．What can we learn from this passage?
A．The signatories may change the biophysical limits.
B．The author agrees with the message of the poem.
C．The issue of collapse is being prioritized.
D．The global collapse is well underway.
【答案】1．D
2．A
3．B
【解析】
【分析】
這是一篇說明文，文章闡述了全球崩塌（global collapse）的概念。數(shù)百名科學(xué)家、作家和學(xué)者在去年12月發(fā)表的一封公開信中向全人類發(fā)出了警告：政策制定者和我們每個人必須直面“全球崩塌”的風(fēng)險。文章具體闡釋了學(xué)者們對這一概念的定義、理解和它的現(xiàn)實意義。
1．
詞義猜測題。根據(jù)該詞所在的具體語境，第三段第一句“The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment of still-uncontrolled pandemic and economic crises in the world's most technologically advanced nations.”（呼吁公眾對世界不確定性的關(guān)注，尤其與此時此刻的情況密切相關(guān)：此時此刻，在世界上技術(shù)最先進的國家，仍處于無法控制流行病和經(jīng)濟危機的泥潭中），下文也提到，一場病毒肆虐，一個國家社會停止了運轉(zhuǎn)，大流行無法控制，經(jīng)濟下行，這樣的事情在不久之前都是無法想象，不可思議（unthinkable）的，即世界充滿了不確定性。而此時此刻呼吁人們對這種unthinkable加以關(guān)注，正是和此時此刻的世界實況密切相關(guān)。A. Scientific科學(xué)的；B. Credible可信的，可靠的；C. Original原來的，原創(chuàng)的；D. Relevant相關(guān)的，有重大關(guān)系的。根據(jù)上面的分析，僅有D符合語境，故選D。
2．
推理判斷題。本題要求判斷作者的情感態(tài)度，根據(jù)原文第五段“yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely to be ignored. We all want to hope things will turn out fine.”（然而未來崩潰的先行信號很可能被忽略，我們都希望事情在未來會變好）和倒數(shù)最后一段的呼吁，例如“Let's look directly into the issue of collapse,” they say, “and deal with the terrible possibilities of what we see there to make the best of a troubling future.”（他們說，“讓我們直面全球崩塌的議題，真正去解決我們看到的可能的糟糕情況，以便使未來沒那么糟。”）可知，作者認為公眾對“全球崩塌”的重視意識不夠，比較擔(dān)心，A. worried擔(dān)憂的；B. puzzled困惑的，茫然的；C. surprised驚訝的；D. scared害怕的，綜合以上的分析，可見作者對此是“擔(dān)憂的”，故選A。
3．
推理判斷題。原文詩歌“Man is a victim of dope; In the incurable form of hope.”（人類是麻醉品的受害者；沉迷于無可救藥的幻想中）表達的是，人類無視未來全球崩塌的巨大危險，把頭埋進沙子里，假裝不知道，充滿不切實際的幻想和希望。而詩歌前面的段落就提到“yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely to be ignored. We all want to hope things will turn out fine.”（然而未來崩潰的先行信號很可能被忽略，我們都希望事情在未來會變好），結(jié)合上下文，這里指的是人們都幻想著未來就會變好。詩歌之后的最后一段則提到執(zhí)著于“quieting hope that ignores preparedness.”（掐滅不做準備的空有幻想），接著又借學(xué)者之口，提到“Let's look directly into the issue of collapse,” they say, “and deal with the terrible possibilities of what we see there to make the best of a troubling future.”（他們說，“讓我們直面全球崩塌的議題，真正去解決我們看到的可能的糟糕情況，以便使未來沒那么糟?！保┛梢?，上下文一脈相承，表達相同的一方觀點，未對另一方的觀點有任何呈現(xiàn)，理解文章后可知，作者有明顯的態(tài)度傾向，作者對于這首詩表達的信息是贊同的，故選B。

（2022·北京豐臺·一模）The people who happen to be in a city center at any given moment may seem like a random collection of individuals. But new research featuring a simple mathematical law shows that urban travel patterns worldwide are, in fact, predictable despite location.
Researchers discovered what is known as an inverse square relation (平方反比關(guān)系) between the number of people in a given urban location and the distance they traveled to get there, as well as how frequently they made the trip. It may seem intuitive (直覺的) that people visit nearby locations frequently and distant ones less so, but the newly discovered relation accurately predicts, for instance, that the number of people coming from two kilometers away five times per week will be the same as the number coming from five kilometers twice a week.
The researchers analyzed data from about eight million people between 2006 and 2013 in six urban locations. This study focused on locations and examined how many people were visiting, from how far and how frequently. The researchers found that all the unique choices people make—from dropping kids at school to shopping-obey this inverse square law.
One explanation for this strong statistical patter is that traveling requires time and energy, and people have limited resources for it. At the core is the effort that people are willing to invest collectively to travel to certain locations, trying to optimize their days.
Understanding these patterns is important not only for planning the placement of new shopping centers or public transportation but also for modeling disease transmission within cities, says Kathleen Stewart, a geographer and mobility researcher.
Many researchers estimate travel with “gravity models”, which assume that movement between cities is proportional (成比例的) to their population sizes. But these models do not account for travel patters within cites—information that is particularly critical in dealing with disease transmission Epidemiologist (流行病學(xué)家) Sam Scarpino says models based on this new finding might better track that flow.
“Those organizational patterns have really profound (深遠的) implications on how COVID will spread,” Scarpino says. In a smaller rural location, where many people regularly go to the same grocery store, the entire town will experience sharp peaks of infections as the virus sweeps through the community. But in a bigger city, the spread takes longer he explains, because mini epidemics can occur in each neighborhood somewhat separately.
4．What does the underlined word “optimize” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Slow down. B．Keep a record of.
C．Think back on. D．Make the most of.
5．Why does the author mention “gravity models” in Paragraph 6?
A．To introduce the travel patterns within cities.
B．To stress the importance of tracking diseases.
C．To compare the urban and rural infection rates.
D．To show the advantage of the inverse square law.
6．Which of the following can be supported by the newly discovered law?
A．Diseases spread faster in rural areas than big cities.
B．Trip distance seldom influences people’s travel choices.
C．Epidemics are harder to discover in big cities than in rural areas,
D．City residents are likely to make frequent trips to a distant place.
【答案】4．D
5．D
6．A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】
這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述一項新研究，利用簡單數(shù)學(xué)定律預(yù)測全球城市旅行模式，并介紹該定律的優(yōu)點。
4．
詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段“One explanation for this strong statistical patter is that traveling requires time and energy, and people have limited resources for it. (這種深刻的統(tǒng)計模式的一種解釋是，行走需要時間和精力，而人們的資源有限。)”可知，人們的資源、時間和精力有限，所以人們要使他們的一天達到最優(yōu)化的效果。故推知optimize的意思是“使最優(yōu)化”與make the most of意義一致，故選D。
5．
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段“Many researchers estimate travel with “gravity models”, which assume that movement between cities is proportional (成比例的) to their population sizes. But these models do not account for travel patters within cites—information that is particularly critical in dealing with disease transmission Epidemiologist (流行病學(xué)家) Sam Scarpino says models based on this new finding might better track that flow. (許多研究人員使用“重力模型”來估計旅行，該模型假設(shè)城市之間的移動與其人口規(guī)模成比例的。但這些模型沒有考慮到城市內(nèi)部的旅行。這些信息在處理疾病傳播時尤其重要。流行病學(xué)家Sam Scarpino表示，基于這一新發(fā)現(xiàn)，可能會更好地跟蹤這種流動。)”可知，本段主要說明“重力模型”的缺點，它沒有考慮到城市內(nèi)部的旅行，會對處理疾病傳播有影響。第五段“Understanding these patterns is important not only for planning the placement of new shopping centers or public transportation but also for modeling disease transmission within cities, says Kathleen Stewart, a geographer and mobility researcher. (地理學(xué)家和移動性研究員Kathleen Stewart說：“了解這些模式不僅對于規(guī)劃新購物中心或公共交通的布局很重要，而且對于模擬城市內(nèi)的疾病傳播也很重要?！?”說明了平方反比原理的優(yōu)點。故推知，作者在第六段中提到gravity models是為了展現(xiàn)重力模型的缺點及平方反比原理的優(yōu)點，故選D。
6．
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“In a smaller rural location, where many people regularly go to the same grocery store, the entire town will experience sharp peaks of infections as the virus sweeps through the community. But in a bigger city, the spread takes longer he explains, because mini epidemics can occur in each neighborhood somewhat separately. (在一個較小的農(nóng)村地區(qū)，許多人經(jīng)常去同一家雜貨店，隨著病毒席卷整個社區(qū)，整個城鎮(zhèn)將經(jīng)歷急劇的感染高峰。他解釋說：“但在一個更大的城市，傳播需要更長的時間，因為小型流行病可以輕微地、單獨地發(fā)生在每個社區(qū)?！?”可知，病毒在農(nóng)村地區(qū)的傳播速度比在大城市傳播的速度快，故選A。
（2022·北京順義·二模）Make It Modular: Student Design Challenge!
Imagine your community as a material bank, rich with resources to reuse. How could you improve the built environment by upcycling waste, circulating (循環(huán)) existing materials, or regenerating nature? Your challenge is to design a structure that meets a need in your community now but could also be repurposed later.
“Designing for deconstruction” involves a modular approach in which building elements could be easily reconfigured, reimagined, and repurposed over time.
Your design should:
?Include an approximately 20’ long x 8’ wide x 9.6’ high volumetric module
?Be relevant to one of the following uses:
*Affordable Housing
*Covid-era Public Space
*Reimagined Outdoor Classroom
?Approach the task with a real-world perspective, demonstrating skills and knowledge from one or more of the following fields: architecture, engineering, construction, and/or the skilled trades
Requirements:
1. Open to students ages 13-21 and currently enrolled (入學(xué))in high school or homeschooled.
2. All entries MUST share the entrant’s grade level in the introductory step.
3. Submissions must be entered between March 7, 2022, and June 20, 2022.
If you have never posted an Instructable before, please refer to How to Write an Instructable guide for more information.
The prizes are intended as scholarship funds to support the winners’ education, such as tuition, books, room & board or transportation.
Entries will be judged based on the following criteria:
*3D Digital Literacy (能力)and Design;
*Engineering Mindset;
*Real-world Relevance;
*Presentation.
Read the full contest rules for more details.
7．According to the passage, the designs can______.
A．be used now and repurposed later B．be placed in a material bank
C．be submitted on August 20, 2022 D．be related to art and literature
8．If a student has never posted an Instructable before, what should he or she do?
A．Contact the organizers. B．Quit the design contest.
C．Refer to an online guide. D．Read the full contest rules.
9．What can winners do with the prizes?
A．To enroll in a high school. B．To pay for tuition and books.
C．To polish his presentation. D．To improve the built environment.
【答案】7．A
8．C
9．B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】
這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要告知學(xué)生一個模塊設(shè)計比賽，包括對設(shè)計和參賽者的要求，獎金如何利用以及評判方式。
7．
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Your challenge is to design a structure that meets a need in your community now but could also be repurposed later.(你面臨的挑戰(zhàn)是設(shè)計一個既能滿足社區(qū)需求，又能在以后重新調(diào)整用途的結(jié)構(gòu))”可知，設(shè)計要能夠滿足現(xiàn)在使用和以后重新利用。故選A。
8．
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三部分“If you have never posted an Instructable before, please refer to How to Write an Instructable guide for more information.(如果你以前從未發(fā)布過可指導(dǎo)的指南，請參閱 How to Write an Instructable的指南以了解更多信息)”可知，如果一個學(xué)生從來沒有發(fā)布過可指導(dǎo)的指南，那么他/她應(yīng)該參閱一個在線指南。故選C。
9．
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二部分“The prizes are intended as scholarship funds to support the winners’ education, such as tuition, books, room & board or transportation.(獎金用于資助獲獎?wù)叩慕逃?，如學(xué)費、書費、食宿費、交通費等)”可知，獲獎?wù)呖梢园血劷鹩糜谥Ц秾W(xué)費、書本費和交通食宿費。故選B。
（2022·北京平谷·模擬預(yù)測）No trees are seemingly cut down every time you search something or read a social media post on your phone or laptop. But websites alone do create emissions (排放)—internet usage is responsible for almost four percent of global emissions. That might not seem like a lot, but it is equivalent to about the same emissions caused by global air travel. That percentage is predicted to almost double by 2025 according to a post by Brussels-based energy magazine Energuide. And internet usage is on the rise—as the pandemic pushed many jobs and education online, internet usage went up as high as 40 percent.
The emissions caused by websites come from the hosting company that ensures that websites are up and running when users search for them on their server. By working with an environmentally sound server like Green Geeks, A2 Hosting, and Host Papa that focuses on renewable energy or lowering their energy usage, websites become more sustainable, Wired UK reported. Something as simple as using fewer images on a web page also helps lower emissions. Another way to reduce emissions is to have simply designed websites with little to no moving images like gifts.
Another aspect of creating more sustainable websites means raising awareness, or letting servers or customers in need of new web design know that it’s even an option for them. Some major search engines like Google have promised to reduce their tech centers’ water usage and to rely on more sustainable energy to run their search engines and other online products like Gmail and Google Docs.
Baruch Labunski, CEO of Toronto-based SEO company Rank Secure, explains that when many clients work with the company to have their websites designed, they don’t often think about sustainability. Companies like Rank Secure make a point to have sustainability as part of their process when working with businesses who want help with web design by relying on more sustainable data centers.
Of course, lowering the greenhouse gas footprint of your website is just the start of building up a sustainable company. Just relying on some renewable energy to have an eco-friendly website doesn’t make a company automatically eco-friendly.
“We need to think about the overall impact of our businesses.” says Labunksi. “If your business manufactures or even uses singleuse plastics, then your website’s carbon footprint shouldn’t be your primary concern.”
10．To create more sustainable websites, the hosting company should_________.
A．meet the data needs
B．design new websites with more gifs
C．work with an eco-friendly server
D．improve the education online
11．What can we learn from paragraph 3 and 4?
A．The clients should raise awareness and consider sustainability.
B．Rank Secure has no sustainable awareness when working with business.
C．Creating more sustainable websites can provide the only option for clients.
D．All major search engines promised to reduce their tech center water usage.
12．The passage is written to__________.
A．evaluate the methods to reduce emissions
B．inform readers the harm of overusing websites
C．encourage search engines to lower the energy usage
D．call for building up sustainable companies of emission reduction
【答案】10．C
11．A
12．D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】
這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹網(wǎng)站會造成排放，并且網(wǎng)站設(shè)計者很少考慮網(wǎng)站的可持續(xù)性。作者呼吁創(chuàng)建可持續(xù)的網(wǎng)站，以減少排放。
10．
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“By working with an environmentally sound server like Green Geeks, A2 Hosting, and Host Papa that focuses on renewable energy or lowering their energy usage, websites become more sustainable, Wired UK reported. (據(jù)Wired UK報道，通過與Green Geeks，A2 Hosting和Host Papa等環(huán)保服務(wù)器合作，專注于可再生能源或降低能源使用，網(wǎng)站變得更加可持續(xù)。)”可知，主辦公司與環(huán)保服務(wù)器合作可以創(chuàng)造更多的可再生能源。故選C。
11．
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Another aspect of creating more sustainable websites means raising awareness, or letting servers or customers in need of new web design know that it’s even an option for them. (創(chuàng)建更具可持續(xù)性的網(wǎng)站的另一個方面意味著提高意識，或者讓需要新網(wǎng)頁設(shè)計的服務(wù)器或客戶知道這甚至是他們的一種選擇。)”及第四段“Baruch Labunski, CEO of Toronto-based SEO company Rank Secure, explains that when many clients work with the company to have their websites designed, they don’t often think about sustainability. (總部位于多倫多的SEO 等級安全公司的首席執(zhí)行官Baruch Labunski解釋說，當(dāng)許多客戶與該公司合作設(shè)計他們的網(wǎng)站時，他們通常不會考慮可持續(xù)性。)”可知，我們可以從第三段和第四段了解到：客戶應(yīng)該提高意識，考慮網(wǎng)站的可持續(xù)性。故選A。
12．
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“But websites alone do create emissions (排放)—internet usage is responsible for almost four percent of global emissions. (但僅網(wǎng)站就確實會產(chǎn)生排放——互聯(lián)網(wǎng)使用占全球排放量的近百分之四。)”及第二段“By working with an environmentally sound server like Green Geeks, A2 Hosting, and Host Papa that focuses on renewable energy or lowering their energy usage, websites become more sustainable, Wired UK reported. Something as simple as using fewer images on a web page also helps lower emissions. Another way to reduce emissions is to have simply designed websites with little to no moving images like gifs. (據(jù)Wired UK報道，通過與Green Geeks，A2 Hosting和Host Papa等環(huán)保服務(wù)器合作，專注于可再生能源或降低能源使用，網(wǎng)站變得更加可持續(xù)。像在網(wǎng)頁上使用較少的圖像這樣簡單的事情也有助于降低排放。減少排放的另一種方法是簡單地設(shè)計網(wǎng)站，幾乎沒有像GIF等動態(tài)圖像。)”可知，作者寫這篇文章是為了說明網(wǎng)站的排放，并呼吁建立可持續(xù)的減排公司，故選D。
（2022·北京平谷·模擬預(yù)測）One morning in 2003, a 19-year-old Amy Purdy left for her job as a nursery teacher, feeling healthy and ready for her day. Halfway through her morning, she started to feel achy and unwell. Once home, she had a fever and fell into a deep sleep that was impossible for her to shake.
After a short, tense ride to the nearest hospital, Purdy was given less than a two percent chance of surviving. Over the course of the 2.5month treatment that followed, she lost kidney (腎) function and hearing in her left ear—then her spleen and, eventually, both of her legs. What doctors thought was the flu ended up being a very deadly meningitis (腦膜炎) infection. Purdy’s life was changed forever.
It was when she was in bed for months that she started to think about that big life question: what was her story going to be? She began dreaming about snowboarding and visualized herself carving down a mountain of powder, feeling the wind on her face.
This made her return to the sport as a double-amputee (截肢者). Being back on the board was rough at first—several times, her board and her prosthetic (假體的) legs flew down the mountain without her. But Purdy had a strong will and set out to build her own prosthetics that would be purpose built for snowboarding. Purdy’s first home made snowboarding feet is on display in the Smithsonian now.
In 2005, after her 21st birthday—and the gift of a new kidney from her father—Purdy decided to start Adaptive Action Sports. Purdy and her family organized a team of snowboarders and began pushing for their sport to be part of the 2014 Paralympic Games in Sochi, Russia. After being turned down several times, they were finally granted access to the Paralympic Games, appearing as parasnowboarding for the first time in history. Since then, her snowboarding team has brought home six medals and raised the visibility of the sport.
Since her illness took her legs 18 years ago, Purdy has managed to squeeze as much achievement and joy out of her life as possible. “Maybe instead of looking at all our challenges and barriers as something negative or bad,” she proposes, “maybe we can look at them as little gifts that fire our imaginations.”
13．Amy Purdy eventually lost her legs because of________ .
A．a(chǎn) sudden accident
B．the serious infection
C．the sports training
D．the kidney failure
14．According to the passage, we can learn that________ .
A．Purdy’s father donated a kidney to her
B．Purdy’s former job was a snowboard athlete
C．Purdy made her snowboarding feet with her friends’ help
D．Purdy’s team snowboarding succeeded when they applied for the first time
15．Which of the following words can best describe Amy Purdy?
A．Smart and mature.
B．Selfless and patient.
C．Determined and optimistic.
D．Creative and modest.
【答案】13．B
14．A
15．C
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】
這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述Amy Purdy由于感染，失去腎臟，聽力及雙腿。但是Purdy依舊堅強樂觀地創(chuàng)辦自己的公司，實現(xiàn)自己的價值。
13．
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“After a short, tense ride to the nearest hospital, Purdy was given less than a two percent chance of surviving. Over the course of the 2.5month treatment that followed, she lost kidney (腎) function and hearing in her left ear—then her spleen and, eventually, both of her legs. What doctors thought was the flu ended up being a very deadly meningitis (腦膜炎) infection. Purdy’s life was changed forever. (在短暫而緊張地前往最近的醫(yī)院后，Purdy只有不到百分之二的生存機會。在隨后的兩個半月的治療過程中，她失去了腎臟功能和左耳的聽力，然后是脾臟，最終是雙腿。醫(yī)生認為流感最終成為一種非常致命的腦膜炎感染。Purdy的生活永遠改變了。)”可知，嚴重的感染，導(dǎo)致Purdy最終失去了雙腿，故選B。
14．
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“In 2005, after her 21st birthday—and the gift of a new kidney from her father—Purdy decided to start Adaptive Action Sports. (2005年，在她21歲生日之后，她的父親贈送了新腎臟，Purdy決定創(chuàng)辦Adaptive Action Sports。)”可知，Purdy的父親把腎捐給她，故選A。
15．
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“But Purdy had a strong will and set out to build her own prosthetics that would be purpose built for snowboarding. Purdy’s first home made snowboarding feet is on display in the Smithsonian now. (但Purdy有堅強的意志，并著手建造自己的假肢，這些假肢是專門為單板滑雪而建造的。Purdy的第一款自制單板滑雪鞋現(xiàn)在在Smithsonian博物館展出。)”及最后一段“Since her illness took her legs 18 years ago, Purdy has managed to squeeze as much achievement and joy out of her life as possible. (自從18年前她的病奪走了她的腿以來，Purdy已經(jīng)設(shè)法從她的生活中寄出了盡可能多的成就和快樂。)”可知，失去雙腿后的Purdy沒有被不幸打敗，而是堅強樂觀地創(chuàng)辦自己的公司，實現(xiàn)自己的價值。所以Purdy是一個積極，堅強，樂觀，堅定的人，故選C。
（2022·北京順義·二模）An ageing population is a global phenomenon. Countries are looking for the balm to address the demands of a swelling elderly community.
Many nations are threatened by a shortage of healthcare workers because of unenviable tasks such as bathing, feeding and changing the diapers. Advancements in technology now present an innovative solution to this. Japan has now developed carebots, specially-designed robots, to replace human caregivers. Japan is also working at more coordinated care for the elderly within the community which includes the integration of hospitals, homecare, elderly care centres and nursing homes. Putting in place a system that can effectively track and retrieve the medical history of every elderly person, Japan leverages technology to provide quality healthcare for the seniors.
The unique feature about Sweden is that most of the elderly live in their own homes where they continue to enjoy living independently. Local governments allocate funds and manage services while citizens have the freedom to choose the type of home services and their service provider. They can apply for homecare services including delivering meals to homes, hanging curtains, changing light bulbs etc. In Sweden, the focus is also on preventive care—keeping the elderly healthy. The elderly who are ill are not just given medicines but also a specific type of physical activity, where their doctors also monitor the outcome.
Singapore also provides more homecare services and day-care centres where the older people can go for rehabilitative and social activities. Besides, the government is creating more dementia-friendly communities, where support comes from the community. Various people within a community like policemen, shopkeepers and other volunteers are trained to assist the elderly with dementia (癡呆). With greater community awareness and support, it is more plausible for a dementia sufferer to stay at home instead of a nursing home.
In our search for the best model to meet the demands of a burgeoning ageing population, let us keep in mind that there is no one-size-fits-all solution. What is important is shouldering the responsibilities of caring for them and ensuring them to age well and comfortably.
16．How does Japan deal with the problem of the shortage of healthcare workers?
A．By offering quality healthcare for the seniors.
B．By tracking the medical history of every elderly person.
C．By developing robots programmed with caregiving functions.
D．By integrating places like hospitals, homecare, and nursing homes.
17．According to the passage, what do Sweden and Singapore have in common?
A．Optional care services are both provided free.
B．Independent living is respected and supported.
C．Preventive care for the elderly is highly valued.
D．Social activities and voluntary help are enjoyed.
18．What is the passage mainly about?
A．Models for giving the elderly care.
B．Countries with an ageing population.
C．Responsibilities of caring for the elderly.
D．Demands of a growing elderly community.
【答案】16．C
17．B
18．A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】
這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了在人口老齡化背景下日本、瑞典、和新加坡所采用的養(yǎng)老模式。
16．
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Many nations are threatened by a shortage of healthcare workers because of unenviable tasks such as bathing, feeding and changing the diapers. Japan has now developed carebots, specially-designed robots, to replace human caregivers. （許多國家都面臨醫(yī)療工作者短缺的威脅，因為這些工作都不值得羨慕，比如洗澡、喂奶和換尿布。日本現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)開發(fā)了專門設(shè)計的機器人——carebots，以取代人類護理者）”可知，日本通過開發(fā)具有護理功能的機器人來應(yīng)對醫(yī)療工作者短缺的問題。故選C。
17．
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“The unique feature about Sweden is that most of the elderly live in their own homes where they continue to enjoy living independently.（瑞典的獨特之處在于，大多數(shù)老年人都住在自己的家里，他們繼續(xù)享受獨立生活）”和第四段的“With greater community awareness and support, it is more plausible for a dementia sufferer to stay at home instead of a nursing home.（有了更大的社區(qū)意識和支持，癡呆癥患者更有可能呆在家里，而不是療養(yǎng)院）”可知，瑞典和和新加坡的相似之處是獨立生活收到尊重和支持。故選B。
18．
主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“An ageing population is a global phenomenon. Countries are looking for the balm to address the demands of a swelling elderly community.（人口老齡化是一個全球現(xiàn)象。各國都在尋找這種靈丹妙藥，以滿足日益增長的老年群體的需求）”和最后一段的“In our search for the best model to meet the demands of a burgeoning ageing population, let us keep in mind that there is no one-size-fits-all solution. What is important is shouldering the responsibilities of caring for them and ensuring them to age well and comfortably.（在我們尋求最佳模式以應(yīng)付日益增長的老齡化人口的需求時，我們必須牢記，沒有放之四海而皆準的解決辦法。重要的是肩負起照顧他們的責(zé)任，確保他們健康舒適地老去）”并結(jié)合文章第二到第四段分別介紹日本、瑞典和新加坡應(yīng)對人口老齡化問題可知，本文主要介紹了在人口老齡化背景下的養(yǎng)老模式。故選A。
（2022·北京西城·一模）One question every coach has beard in their coaching career is this.
“Why isn’t my kid playing?”
The stupidity of many “win-at-all-cost” coaches in youth sports is neatly matched by that of “play-my-kid-or-else” parents at the high-school level.
When the games start to count, the main reason why your kid isn’t playing is simple:
“They’re just not good enough.”
“He/she just isn’t fast enough.”
“He/she just isn’t strong enough.”
Good coaches, however, are not usually that blunt. They are very skillful in not telling what you and I would consider the “truth”. The thing is that many kids know what they’re good at, and what they’re not good at. When it comes to football, for instance, most of the middle-schoolers or freshmen already know the one or two kids who are good enough to play on the varsity team or to catch the eye of a college admissions officer. Their parents do not.
The rest play because they enjoy it, need the discipline, want to belong to a team, have dreamed of it since they were five or six, are trying to make their parents happy, need a varsity sport on their college application, or some combination of the factors above. Some of them don’t possess much athletic skill, but make up for it by practicing, by getting stronger and quicker, and with on-field effort.
Far too many children today are living in a world where they never learn “no”. They don’t know how to handle disappointment and failure. Nor do they know how to react and move on when they don’t get their own way.
It’s awful when your kid isn't playing. Been there, done that. No reasonable parent wants to see their child hurt. But no one escapes this life unhurt, emotionally if not physically. When these kids move on in life, they arc going to get rejected when they apply for college, fail to get the job they want, and taste failure and disappointment on multiple fronts.
Coaches should try to make sure everyone gets some playing time. But that should never come at the expense of other kids who arc more talented, try harder or spend more time practicing. No child should ever go out for any team thinking they’re going to be guaranteed a spot or playing time, no matter how loudly their parents complain.
In that sense, sports are a true mirror of life. No one is guaranteed “playing” time in life. For the most part, hard work, effort, planning and desire is rewarded. The benefits can be wonderful. But it’s good to be prepared when it doesn't work out that way.
19．What does the underlined word “blunt” probably mean?
A．Impatient. B．Annoying. C．Direct. D．Serious.
20．The author believes that ______.
A．kids should learn how to face rejection in their life
B．people can live a life without being emotionally hurt
C．parents must help kids escape disappointment and failure
D．coaches need to ensure every student gets enough playing time
21．What probably motivated the author to write this passage?
A．Coaches’ mistaken beliefs about varsity teams.
B．Parents’ unrealistic views of kids’ playing time.
C．Children’s ignorance of the meaning of sports and life,
D．The public’s doubts about why kids need to play sports.
【答案】19．C
20．A
21．B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】
這是一篇議論文。文章主要就父母對于孩子不參與游戲的錯誤觀點發(fā)表了自己的看法，作者認為，孩子在生活中應(yīng)該學(xué)會如何面對拒絕，不應(yīng)該以為父母的抱怨就能為自己在場上爭得一席之地。
19．
詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后文“They are very skillful in not telling what you and I would consider the “truth”.(他們非常善于隱瞞你我認為的“真相”)”可知，好的教練善于隱瞞真相，即不會那么直接。故畫線詞意思是“直接的”。A. Impatient.無耐心的；B. Annoying.煩人的；C. Direct.直接的；D. Serious.嚴肅的。故選C。
20．
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段“Far too many children today are living in a world where they never learn “no”. They don’t know how to handle disappointment and failure. Nor do they know how to react and move on when they don’t get their own way.(今天，有太多的孩子生活在一個永遠不會說“不”的世界里。他們不知道如何處理失望和失敗。他們也不知道當(dāng)他們沒有得到自己的方式時，該如何反應(yīng)和繼續(xù)前進)”以及倒數(shù)第三段中“But no one escapes this life unhurt, emotionally if not physically. When these kids move on in life, they arc going to get rejected when they apply for college, fail to get the job they want, and taste failure and disappointment on multiple fronts.(但沒有人能在生活中不受傷害，即使身體上不受傷害。當(dāng)這些孩子在生活中繼續(xù)前行時，他們會在申請大學(xué)時被拒絕，得不到他們想要的工作，并在多個方面嘗到失敗和失望的滋味)”可知，作者認為，孩子在生活中應(yīng)該學(xué)會如何面對拒絕。故選A。
21．
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“The stupidity of many “win-at-all-cost” coaches in youth sports is neatly matched by that of “play-my-kid-or-else” parents at the high-school level.(在青少年體育運動中，許多“不惜一切代價取勝”的教練的愚蠢與高中階段“孩子必須參與”的父母的愚蠢完全一致)”結(jié)合文章主要就父母對于孩子不參與游戲的錯誤觀點發(fā)表了自己的看法，作者認為，孩子在生活中應(yīng)該學(xué)會如何面對拒絕，不應(yīng)該以為父母的抱怨就能為自己在場上爭得一席之地?？赏浦?，作者寫這篇文章的動機可能是父母對孩子玩耍時間的不現(xiàn)實的看法。故選B。

（2022·北京東城·一模）Rene Compean was no stranger to Angeles National Forest. He’d hiked the park numerous times. But when hiking along a new path, the 45-year-old was lost.
As the day faded into darkness, his concern turned to fear. With only a little water in his backpack and 10% battery remaining on his cellphone, Compean was unprepared for anything more than the two-hour trip he’d planned.
Compean climbed to a spot where he found one bar of signal. “SOS. My phone is going to die. I’m lost,” he texted a friend, attaching a photo showing where he was. The shot showed his legs hanging over a rock face. All Compean could do then was wait. The temperature was dropping fast. Dressed only in shorts, and a sweatshirt, the hiker was chilled to the bone. He hugged himself into a tight ball. And after spotting two mountain lions, he spent the night on high alert.
Sixty miles away, Ben Kuo was working at home when he read a posting from the police, showing an image of a man’s legs. The search-and-rescue teams had spent the previous night unsuccessfully looking for Compean, so they released the photo, hoping someone might recognize the location.
“I’ve always loved looking for where photos are taken,” Kuo says. He frequently tries to identify where movie scenes or commercials were filmed. He’s often successful. When he saw the image, he automatically pulled up a satellite map on his laptop. “There’s an amazing amount of information you can get from satellites,” he says. The first thing he noticed in Compean’s photo was plenty of greenery. After comparing it to the satellite map, Kuo realized something: “He’s got to be on the south side because there’re not any green valleys on the north side.”
That finding led him to an area that looked like the territory in the image. The final step was cross- referencing the original photo with 3-D images of the area. The locations matched!
After spending 27 hours in the wilderness, Compean was found.
Compean’s story probably would have ended differently had it not been for the man with strong satellite skills and a sharp eye for detail.
22．What caused Compean to get lost on the hike?
A．The thick forest. B．The unfamiliar route.
C．The coming of nightfall. D．Low battery on the phone.
23．Kuo was able to offer help because of ______.
A．his photo reading ability B．his sense of responsibility
C．his professional experience D．his familiarity with the area
24．What can we learn from this story?
A．One good turn deserves another.
B．Chance favors the prepared mind.
C．Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
D．There’s no such thing as useless knowledge.
【答案】22．B
23．A
24．D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】
本文是一篇記敘文。主要講的是Rene Compean在洛杉磯國家森林公園迷路了，Ben Kuo通過對比照片和衛(wèi)星地圖找到了Rene Compean。
22．
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“But when hiking along a new path, the 45-year-old was lost.”（但當(dāng)他沿著一條新路徑徒步時，45歲的他迷路了。），可知，不熟悉的路線使Compean在徒步旅行中迷路，故選B。
23．
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段““I’ve always loved looking for where photos are taken,” Kuo says. He frequently tries to identify where movie scenes or commercials were filmed. He’s often successful. When he saw the image, he automatically pulled up a satellite map on his laptop.”（“我一直喜歡尋找拍照的地方，”郭說。他經(jīng)常試圖找出電影場景或廣告是在哪里拍攝的。他經(jīng)常成功。當(dāng)他看到這張照片時，他自動在筆記本電腦上調(diào)出了一張衛(wèi)星地圖。），可知，Kuo 能夠提供幫助是因為他的照片辨認能力，故選A。
24．
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Compean’s story probably would have ended differently had it not been for the man with strong satellite skills and a sharp eye for detail.”（如果不是因為他有很強的衛(wèi)星技術(shù)和對細節(jié)的敏銳眼光，Compean的故事可能會以不同的方式結(jié)束。）可知，通過Kuo對衛(wèi)星技術(shù)的知識救了迷路的Compean，可推斷出“沒有無用的知識”。故選D。
（2022·北京朝陽·一模）I first discovered the Little Free Library concept while being on a 2015 vacation in Santa Barbara, California. I fell in love with the idea of free literature-sharing boxes posted at the edges of parks and along sidewalks in neighbourhoods. And because our home was already filled with mountainous piles of books, my husband wasn’t the least bit surprised when I suggested starting a Little Free Library of our own. In our garden shed (棚) , we filled the shelves with books from our personal collection. Over the next two months, strangers discovered our Little Free Library and began their regular visit.
My love of reading dates back to 1970, when I studied in a three-room primary schoolhouse on a dirt road. One day, I accidentally came to the basement library and I was fascinated by the picture books. Unfortunately, the books were later thrown away when the school discovered the basement was full of mould (霉). Happily, weeks later, a truck arrived with a trailer—which, with the help of our county’s public library, had been transformed into a paradise (樂土) for those who enjoyed reading. Now I still remember the floor-to-ceiling shelves and the carpeted benches in it. Every time I left, I wrote my name on several sign-out cards, which were filled with names of children from neighbouring schools. We liked the same books and, although we never met, I considered them friends.
At the beginning of the first COVID-19 lockdown, our Little Free Library began to include children’s stories. I witnessed mothers lifting their children for a look into the library. Walkers included our street in their route so they could check for new offerings. Some folks routinely drove from several blocks away to visit. From time to time, visitors filled shelves with literary fiction, romances, poetry and a range of non-fiction. I smiled when people met me in the yard and commented that our Little Free Library was like a bird feeder.
We remain grateful that we have kept our Little Free Library open. It has become an alternative means of creating a community of people with mutual regard for humanity and the written word. We are together even when apart.
25．What inspired the author to start the Little Free Library?
A．Her large collection of books. B．An experience during a vacation.
C．Her husband’s encouragement. D．Strangers’ visit to her garden shed.
26．From the passage, we can learn that________.
A．neighbouring schools donated books to the Little Free Library
B．the author’s enthusiasm for reading started from her childhood
C．children wrote their names on the sign-out cards to meet friends
D．the county’s public library became a perfect place for book lovers
27．People considered the Little Free Library a bird feeder because________.
A．it provided food for thought B．it attracted birds for shelter
C．visitors could feed birds here D．people could exchange books here
【答案】25．B
26．B
27．A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】
這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者開辦“免費小圖書館”的過程和意義。
25．
細節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的“I first discovered the Little Free Library concept while being on a 2015 vacation in Santa Barbara, California. (2015年在加利福尼亞州圣巴巴拉度假時，我第一次發(fā)現(xiàn)了免費小圖書館的概念)”和“And because our home was already filled with mountainous piles of books, my husband wasn’t the least bit surprised when I suggested starting a Little Free Library of our own. (因為我們家里已經(jīng)堆滿了堆積如山的書，當(dāng)我建議建立一個我們自己的免費圖書館時，我丈夫一點也不驚訝)”可知，度假期間的經(jīng)歷啟發(fā)了作者創(chuàng)建這個免費小圖書館。故選B項。
26．
推理判斷題。由第二段中的“My love of reading dates back to 1970, when I studied in a three-room primary schoolhouse on a dirt road. One day, I accidentally came to the basement library and I was fascinated by the picture books. (我對閱讀的熱愛可以追溯到1970年，當(dāng)時我在一條土路上的一所三室小學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)。一天，我偶然來到地下室圖書館，我被圖畫書迷住了)”可得出，作者對閱讀的熱情始于童年。故選B項。
27．
推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)二段中的“our Little Free Library began to include children’s stories. I witnessed mothers lifting their children for a look into the library. Walkers included our street in their route so they could check for new offerings. Some folks routinely drove from several blocks away to visit. From time to time, visitors filled shelves with literary fiction, romances, poetry and a range of non-fiction. I smiled when people met me in the yard and commented that our Little Free Library was like a bird feeder. (我們的免費小圖書館包括了兒童故事。我看到母親們抱著孩子走進圖書館。步行者將我們的街道包括在他們的路線中，以便他們可以查看新書供應(yīng)。有些人通常會開車從幾個街區(qū)以外的地方去參觀。游客們不時會在書架上擺滿文學(xué)小說、愛情小說、詩歌和一系列非小說類作品。當(dāng)人們在院子里遇見我時，我笑了，說我們的免費小圖書館就像喂鳥器)”可知，說免費小圖書館是“喂鳥器”是因為人們來免費小圖書館是看書的，它給人們提供了精神食糧。故選A項。
（2022·北京房山·一模）Many animals depend upon sound to find food, detect predators and communicate with one another. These species understandably suffer when loud motorways cut through their habitats. Some deal with this problem by singing more loudly, some change the timing of their calls to occur when fewer people are driving, others just move to quieter places.
It has always been assumed that noise is a problem unique to animals. But a new study by Ali Akbar Ghotbi-Ravandi, a botanist at Shahid Beheshti University in Tehran, has revealed that plants suffer too.
That plants can be affected indirectly by noise pollution has never been in doubt. Since most flowering species depend upon pollinators and most fruit-bearing species need animals to disperse their seeds, it is obvious that if these animal partners are harmed by noise then their botanical plants will do badly, too. What has remained unknown is whether or not plants themselves suffer directly from noise pollution.
Sounds are pressure waves transmitted through gases, liquids and solids. Scientists have previously predicted that plants may be able to sense these waves as they are struck by them. A number of experiments have confirmed this in recent years—plants attacked with ultrasound in the lab have shown a range of hurtful responses, including the expression of stress-related genes, underdeveloped growth and reduced germination(發(fā)芽) of seeds.
Working with a team of colleagues, Dr Ghotbi-Ravandi grew two species in his lab that are commonly found in urban environments. The plants were grown from seeds and allowed to mature for two months in the same space before they were divided into two groups. One group was exposed to 73 decibels(分貝) of traffic noise recorded from a busy motorway in Tehran for 16 hours a day. The other group was left to grow in silence. After 15 days, samples were taken from the youngest fully expanded leaves on every plant in the experiment and studied.
None of the plants exposed to the traffic noise did well. Analysis of their leaves revealed that all of them were suffering. Harmful chemicals in them are indicators of stress in plants and both were found at much higher levels in the plants exposed to the traffic noise. Most notably, levels of the harmful chemicals in the plants exposed to noise were two to three times what they were in those grown in silence. The findings make it clear that the noise of traffic bothers the plants.
28．What’s the function of the first two paragraphs?
A．To lead in the topic of the passage.
B．To prove that only animals suffer from noise.
C．To introduce how animals avoid the urban traffic noise.
D．To compare the different effects of noise on animals and plants.
29．Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the word “disperse” in Paragraph 3?
A．Classify. B．Spread. C．Damage. D．Collect
30．What can we learn from Dr Ghotbi-Ravandi’s experiment?
A．Urban traffic noise mainly poses a threat to animals.
B．Plants themselves suffer indirectly from noise pollution.
C．Plants exposed to the traffic noise bear higher levels of stress.
D．Plants that don't need animals for growth will not be influenced by noise.
【答案】28．A
29．B
30．C
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】
本文是說明文。動物遭受噪音影響是不容懷疑的，植物是否也遭受噪音影響呢？文章通過一個實驗闡述噪音也影響著植物。
28．
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容“Many animals depend upon sound to find food, detect predators and communicate with one another. These species understandably suffer when loud motorways cut through their habitats. (許多動物依靠聲音來尋找食物、探測捕食者以及相互交流。當(dāng)嘈雜的高速公路穿過它們的棲息地時，這些物種遭受痛苦是可以理解的。)”可知，第一段講述動物通過聲音尋食，捕獵，交流，并會因為噪音而受苦，第二段第一句“It has always been assumed that noise is a problem unique to animals. (人們一直認為，噪音是動物所特有的問題。)緊跟上文說明人們一直認為只有動物才有噪音困擾，接下來講述“But a new study by Ali Akbar Ghotbi-Ravandi, a botanist at Shahid Beheshti University in Tehran, has revealed that plants suffer too.(但是，德黑蘭沙希德·貝赫什蒂大學(xué)的植物學(xué)家阿里·阿克巴爾·格爾比-拉萬迪的一項新研究表明，植物也會受到影響。)”，下面的段落展開講述這個話題，因此推斷前兩段的目的是引出文章的主題。故選A。
29．
詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線句“Since most flowering species depend upon pollinators and most fruit-bearing species need animals to disperse their seeds (因為大多數(shù)開花物種依賴于傳粉者，大多數(shù)結(jié)果實的物種需要動物disperse它們的種子)”并結(jié)合選項A. Classify把……分類；B. Spread傳播；C. Damage毀壞；D. Collect收集，以及常識可知，開花物種需要傳粉，結(jié)果的物種需要傳播種子，劃線詞與B項意思相近。故選B。
30．
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Most notably, levels of the harmful chemicals in the plants exposed to noise were two to three times what they were in those grown in silence. The findings make it clear that the noise of traffic bothers the plants.(最值得注意的是，暴露在噪音中的植物中的有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)的含量是那些在寂靜中生長的植物的兩到三倍。調(diào)查結(jié)果清楚地表明，交通的噪音困擾著植物)”可知，Ghotbi-Ravandi博士的實驗表明，暴露在交通噪音中的植物承受著更高水平的壓力。故選C

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