Unit 4 Space ExplorationⅠ.完形填空(2020·甘肅省重點中學(xué)協(xié)作體第一次聯(lián)考)From an early age, Parker always said that he would be an astronaut when he grew up.But no matter how much he studied and took tests, he was never   1.B   to fly in space.  2.D  ， he grew over the maximum age for taking the selection tests.In other words, he would never be able to fulfill his   3.A  .Thinking about all the time and   4.C   Parker had put into trying to be an astronaut, people felt   5.B   for him.Despite what he was told about having to   6.D   his ambition, Parker continued training and studying,   7.C   he was going to have the tests the next month.He   8.A   as he got older, and when he was a very old man he heard that they were doing some very important   9.C   experiments.For those experiments they needed a very   10.D   astronaut.Parker, who walked with a   11.B  ， was the only old man in the whole world who was   12.B   to fly in a rocket.Therefore, Parker found himself flying in   13.D  ， all with the help of science.It was clear that the   14.A   gained during those missions helped to cure one of the worst sicknesses for old people, and Parker was   15.C   as a hero.Photos of the astronaut with a walking stick and no teeth   16.C   all over the world, and became a   17.A   of how you can never train or learn too much.It showed that   18.B   effort always brings   19.D   even though it may not be in the form we had first   20.A  .文章大意：Parker從小立志做一名宇航員，卻一直未實現(xiàn)自己的夢想。但他從未放棄希望，一如既往地進(jìn)行飛行訓(xùn)練。終于在年老時實現(xiàn)了自己的愿望。1．A.noticed　　　　　　　 B．selected C．invited 　　 D．permitted解析：根據(jù)下文中的“he grew over the maximum age for taking the selection tests”可知，此處指他從來沒有被選(selected)去太空飛行。2．A.Secretly　　 B．Suddenly C．Luckily 　 D．Finally解析：最后，Parker已經(jīng)超過了選拔考試的最大年齡。finally“最終；終于”。3．A.dream 　 B．task C．need 　　 D．belief解析：文章開頭談及Parker的夢想，因為他已經(jīng)超過了選拔考試的最大年齡，所以他永遠(yuǎn)也無法實現(xiàn)他的夢想(dream)。4．A.reputation 　　 B．power C．effort 　　 D．practice解析：根據(jù)第一段中的“But no matter how much he studied and took tests”可知，Parker付出了很多時間和努力(effort)。人們一想到Parker為成為宇航員所付出的時間和努力就為他感到遺憾(sorry)。5．A.happy 　 B．sorry C．nervous 　　 D．calm解析：參見上題解析。6．A.ignore 　 B．forget C．develop 　　 D．abandon解析：盡管有人告訴Parker，他不得不放棄(abandon)他的目標(biāo)，但他還是繼續(xù)訓(xùn)練和學(xué)習(xí)，好像(as if)下個月他要參加測試似的。7．A.so that 　　 B．now that C．as if 　　 D．even though解析：參見上題解析。8．A.carried on 　　 B．took on C．turned off 　　 D．got off解析：Parker繼續(xù)(學(xué)習(xí)和訓(xùn)練)。carry on“繼續(xù)做；堅持干”，符合語境。9．A.electrical 　　 B．physical C．medical 　 D．political解析：根據(jù)下文中的“during those missions helped to cure one of the worst sicknesses for old people”可知，Parker得知他們在太空做醫(yī)學(xué)實驗。medical“醫(yī)療的”，符合語境。electrical“用電的”；physical“物理學(xué)的”；political“政治的”。10．A.sick 　　 B．experienced C．active 　　 D．old解析：根據(jù)語境可知，他們需要一位年紀(jì)大的(old)宇航員。11．A.map 　　 B．stick C．guide 　 D．candle解析：根據(jù)下文中的“Photos of the astronaut with a walking stick”可知，當(dāng)時Parker走路需要拐杖。a walking stick“拐杖”。12．A.planned 　 B．trained C．forced 　　 D．allowed解析：根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，Parker參加訓(xùn)練就是為了能夠在太空飛行。故B項符合語境。13．A.silence 　 B．danger C．action 　　 D．space解析：根據(jù)語境可知，此處指Parker參加實驗后，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在太空(space)飛行。14．A.knowledge 　　 B．experienceC．money 　　 D．opportunity解析：在那些任務(wù)中所獲得的知識(knowledge)有助于治愈老人們最嚴(yán)重的疾病之一。15．A.replaced 　　 B．educatedC．praised 　　 D．affected解析：Parker被人們稱贊(praised)為一位英雄。replace“代替”；educate“教育”；affect“影響”。16．A.moved　　 B．flewC．spread 　 D．took解析：這位拄著拐杖且沒有牙齒的宇航員的照片在全世界傳播(spread)開來。17．A.symbol　　 B．mark C．case 　　 D．doubt解析：Parker的照片成了一種象征(symbol)——你再怎么去學(xué)習(xí)和訓(xùn)練都不為過。18．A.desperate 　　 B．persistentC．cautious　　 D．apparent解析：這表明堅持不懈的(persistent)努力總會帶來回報(reward)。desperate“絕望的”；cautious“小心的”，apparent“顯而易見的”。19．A.award 　 B．prize C．result 　　 D．reward解析：參見上題解析。20．A.expected 　　 B．guessedC．suggested 　　 D．proved解析：堅持不懈的努力總會帶來回報，盡管它不是我們最初所期待(expected)的那種形式。Ⅱ.閱讀理解(2020·“四省八校”高三第一次教學(xué)質(zhì)檢)(CNN)—YOU could say things are getting a little more concrete on the International Space Station.Astronauts are working on hundreds of experiments on the floating laboratory every day. One recent experiment included mixing concrete for the first time. The basic ingredients for concrete include sand, gravel and rocks mixed with a cement water based paste. It sounds as easy as whipping up cake mix, but the actual process is much more difficult, and the lack of gravity changes everything.Astronauts participated in the Microgravity Investigation of Cement Solidification project to understand how the chemistry of concrete is changed by zero gravity, down to the microscopic structures inside it.A variety of mixtures were made where cement powder, additives, water and time allowance varied. The space station mixtures were compared to samples mixed on Earth. The concrete in space ended up being more holey, which is interesting because more holes inside the concrete would affect its strength.“Increased porosity(疏松)has direct influences on the strength of the material, but we have yet to measure the strength of the space-formed material，”， said Radlinska, principal investigator of the experiment. “Even though concrete has been used for so long on the Earth, we still don't necessarily understand all the aspects of the hydration (水合作用)we know there are some differences between Earth and space-based systems and we can examine those differences to see which ones are beneficial and which ones are harmful to using this material in space.” Radlinska also noted that the samples were mixed in sealed bags which leaves the question of what might happen had they been mixed in an open environment in space.Understanding how concrete works in space has a direct influence on future plans regarding the moon and Mars. Building safe habitats may rely on concrete because it could protect humans and the equipment from meteorites and harmful radiation. Ingredients already available on Mars or the moon could also be used to make the concrete, which would reduce the cost of transporting materials.文章大意：本文是一篇說明文。介紹了在太空做混凝土實驗，實驗結(jié)果表明太空中的混凝土與地球上的不同，并提出實驗的意義在于為太空建筑選取材料。1．What is the aim of the experiment？  B  A．To check whether concrete can be made in space.B．To see the different formation of concrete in space.C．To test the strength of concrete made in space.D．To build shelters in space using concrete.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“to understand how the chemistry of concrete is changed by zero gravity”可知，實驗的目的是了解在失重狀態(tài)下混凝土的化學(xué)變化。故選B。2．What do we know about the experiment？  C  A．It was done in the open environment in space.B．It used ingredients on Mars and the moon.C．It made multiple mixtures under different conditions.D．It examined the difference of strength between concrete on Earth and in space.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句話“A variety of mixtures were made where cement powder, additives, water and time allowance varied.”可知，實驗中根據(jù)水泥粉、添加劑、水和時間的不同制造了多種混凝土。故選C。3．Compared with concrete made on Earth, concrete made in space   A  .A．has more open space inside itB．is much more fragileC．can be used on Mars and the moon at the momentD．is not as good in every aspect解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第三句話“The concrete in space ended up being more holey, which is interesting because more holes inside the concrete would affect its strength.”可知，太空中制造的混凝土里面有更多孔。故選A。4．What type of passage is this？  B  A．Book review.　 B．News report.C．Science fiction.　　 D．Travel journal.解析：文章出處題。根據(jù)第一段開頭CNN可知，這是一篇新聞報道。故選B。Ⅲ.閱讀七選五Gardening 380 Kilometers above EarthAstronauts have to go through physical, psychological, and technical training.They also go through training in how to care for plants. These “astronaut gardeners” share their work and living space with plants.Taking seeds and plants along on a trip isn't a new idea.As space trips become longer, it will be necessary to grow food in space.  1.D   Because of this, it's not practical to send everything needed for a long journey, only to be used once and thrown away.Plants can serve many uses on a space journey.They can provide more fresh things.  2.F   Also, plants can help to make air quality better because they produce oxygen.They can improve the quality of the air inside the spacecraft—the only air the astronauts can breathe. 3.B   Due to the lack of gravity in space, the oxygen that the plants produce stays around the plants.This can actually kill them, so fans are needed to circulate the air.Without gravity, roots don't “know” to grow down, leaves don't “know” to grow up, and water doesn't easily travel up the roots to the leaves.   4.E   Besides, soil is too heavy to send to space, and special liquid gels(凝膠) are used to help plant growth.Scientists are also working on the plants themselves.They are trying to make plants grow more rapidly and grow with less water and light in space, and they are looking for ways to make plants more resistant to disease.   5.C   Imagine that deserts may one day provide lots of fresh food for local people, saving transportation costs.Similarly, plants that are resistant to disease could provide an important food supply. With the world's population now at about 7.7 billion people, our astronaut gardeners may help discover ways to feed those billions.A．Every plant grown in space must have several uses.B．However, there are challenges with growing plants in space.C．Such methods may result in improvements back here on Earth.D．The cost of taking anything into space is about $22,000 per kilogram.E．Specialized containers are being developed to help the plants grow correctly.F．Astronauts will welcome the addition of fruits and vegetables to their diet of dry foods.G．Currently all oxygen is taken aboard in tanks.文章大意：本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了宇航員在太空種植的原因和好處以及種植方法。解析：1．空后是說將所有所需東西帶上太空是不切合實際的，據(jù)此可推知，空處應(yīng)是介紹空后一句的原因，故D項“帶任何東西到太空的花費(fèi)大約是每千克22 000美元。”符合語境。2．根據(jù)空前一句可知，植物可以為宇航員提供新鮮的東西，根據(jù)空后一句可知，植物還可以改善太空站的空氣質(zhì)量，因為其可以產(chǎn)生氧氣，據(jù)此可推知，空處應(yīng)是介紹太空種植植物的好處，即宇航員也喜歡在他們的干糧中有新鮮的果蔬食物。故F項正確。3．上文介紹了太空種植的好處，即為宇航員提供新鮮的果蔬、改善太空站的空氣質(zhì)量等，結(jié)合下文可知，種植太空果蔬有一定的困難，據(jù)此可知，空處承上啟下，與上文形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故B項正確。4．根據(jù)上文可知，在失重的情況下，植物的根和葉不知道如何生長，水分也不容易從根部傳到葉子上，而空后一句介紹了關(guān)于土壤的解決方法，據(jù)此可推知，空處應(yīng)是介紹解決上述問題的方法，故E項“正在研制專門的容器去幫助植物正確地生長。”符合語境。5．根據(jù)空前一句可知，科學(xué)家們正在尋找各種讓植物少使用水，在太空快速生長，而且可以抵抗病害的方法，且下文又提到改良后的植物對地球的影響，據(jù)此可推知，空處應(yīng)是說明這些方法可以在地球上運(yùn)用以帶來改善。故C項正確。Ⅳ.語法填空(2020·武漢市高中畢業(yè)生六月)Here is why you should care about astronomy. It's true that its advances benefit millions of people across the world. It has developed technology now to track where your package goes, to determine where you are and so   1.on  .But all of these are mere second thoughts and   2.benefits  (benefit) that have occurred without the primary   3.intention  (intend) of the maker. And that is   4.what   makes astronomy beautiful. To study something—not because we're looking to gain anything in particular, but purely   5.to enjoy  (enjoy) natural wonders—  6.is   (be) all that makes us human. Doing work for the work itself creates room for joy. I   7.firmly   (firm) believe that astronomy has a spiritual dimension in the sense of how it connects us with something bigger than ourselves. Because   8.of   astronomy we now know exactly when the universe   9.came   (come) into existence. And we've spotted thousands of planets orbiting other stars. It has explained mysteries (神秘的事物)   10.confusing  (confuse) us for thousands of years, but even more significantly, it has opened up more mysteries than any of us can study in our lifetime.文章大意：本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了我們應(yīng)該關(guān)注天文學(xué)的原因。 解析：1．考查固定搭配。and so on為固定搭配，意為“等等”，符合語境。2．考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句中that引導(dǎo)定 語從句，空處與thoughts為先行詞，空處與復(fù)數(shù)名詞thoughts對應(yīng)，benefit為可數(shù)名詞，故該處用其復(fù)數(shù)形式benefits。3．考查名詞。根據(jù)空前的“without the primary”可知，空處應(yīng)用名詞的單數(shù)形式，故填intend的名詞單數(shù)形式intention。4．考查表語從句連接詞。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)表語從句，作表語從句的主語，表示“……的事物”，故用what引導(dǎo)該表語從句。 5．考查動詞不定式?？仗幣cto gain并列，表示目的，故用動詞不定式作目的狀語。6．考查主謂一致和動詞的時態(tài)。該句主語為不定式“To study something”，故謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式；又根據(jù)語境可知，該句陳述的是客觀存在的情況，故用一般現(xiàn)在時。7．考查副詞?？仗幮揎梽釉~believe，應(yīng)用副詞形式，表示“堅定地相信”。8．考查介詞。because of為固定搭配，意為“因為，由于”，符合語境，故填介詞of。9．考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)語境可知，該句意為“由于天文學(xué)，我們現(xiàn)在確切地知道宇宙是什么時候形成的”。根據(jù)常識可知，宇宙的形成是發(fā)生在過去的事情，故用一般過去時。 10．考查現(xiàn)在分詞。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處修飾前面的名詞mysteries，該名詞和動詞confuse之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語。   

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