2021版新高考地區(qū)高考英語（北師大通用版）一輪復習學案：Unit19　Language-學案下載-教習網(wǎng)

一、語基必備知識
(一)重點詞匯——分類記憶
Ⅰ.閱讀詞匯——知其意
1．punctuation n．　　　　　　標點符號
2．nationwide adv. 全國性地
3．trend n. 趨勢，傾向
4．theory n. 理論，學說
5．enlarge vt. 擴大
6．theft n. 偷竊
7．relative n. 親戚，親屬
8．tight adj. 繃緊的
9．transparent adj. 清晰易辨的；透明的
10．outline vt. 勾出輪廓
11．certificate n. 證書；證明
12．diploma n. 畢業(yè)證書
13．candidate n. 候選人
14．amateur adj. 業(yè)余的
15．sincerely adv. 真誠地
16．purchase vt. 購買
Ⅱ.核心詞匯——寫其形
1．thankful adj. 為……感到高興的；感謝的
2．fold v. 折疊；交叉
3．decade n. 十年
4．ensure vt. 確保，保證
5．attain vt. 達到；獲得
6．accelerate vi.& vt. 加速
7．guarantee vt. 保證
8．resemble vt. 像；與……相似
9．target n. 目標
10．unconscious adj. 無意的；不知不覺的
11．merely adv. 只；僅僅
12．competence n. 能力
13．register vt. 登記
14．punctual adj. 準時的，守時的
Ⅲ.拓展詞匯——通其變
1．fluency n．流利度，流暢度→fluent adj.流利的，流暢的→fluently adv.流利地
2．accuracy n．精確度，準確度→accurate adj.精確的，準確的→accurately adv.精確地
3．absence n．缺乏；缺席→absent adj.缺席的，不在場的
4．surround vt.環(huán)繞，圍繞→surrounding adj.周圍的→surroundings n．環(huán)境
5．adequate adj.足夠的，充分的→adequately adv.足夠地；充分地
6．adjust vt.調節(jié)；調整→adjustable adj.可調整的→adjustment n．調節(jié)；調整
7．inform vt.告知，通知→information n．信息
8．announcement n．通告；宣告→announce v．通知；告知
9．congratulate vt.祝賀→congratulation n．祝賀，賀喜
10．negotiate vt.協(xié)商；談判→negotiation n．談判；協(xié)商
11．offence n．冒犯；得罪→offend v．冒犯
12．approval n．贊成；贊許；批準→approve vt.贊成→approving adj.同意的；贊成的
13．applicant n．申請人→apply v．申請→application n．申請
14．embarrass vt.使窘迫→embarrassing adj.令人難堪的，令人窘迫的→embarrassed adj.感到窘迫的→embarrassment n．窘迫，難堪

1.想要一份工作需要什么？
①certificate　　　證書；證明
②competence 能力
③diploma 畢業(yè)證書
④resume 簡歷
⑤application 申請書
⑥interview 面試
⑦punctual 準時的；守時的
2.前綴“en-”/后綴“-en”動詞知多少
①enrich　　　　使充實
②enable 使能夠
③enlarge 擴大
④ensure 確保，擔保
⑤endanger 使……遭遇危險
⑥widen 加寬
⑦broaden 擴大
3.與“購物”相關的名詞一覽
①discount　　　　　　折扣
②customer 顧客
③consumer 消費者
④purchase 購買
⑤bargain 便宜貨
⑥cashier 出納員
⑦refund 退款
(二)重點短語——記牢用活
1．team__up　　　　　　　　合作
2．stand__out 出色；突出
3．get__ahead 取得成功；獲得進步
4．rely__on 依靠；依賴
5．take__the__form__of 采取……形式
6．adjust...to... 調整……以適應……
7．inform__sb.of__sth. 通知某人某事
8．consist__of__ 由……組成，構成
9．catch__on 學會，受歡迎
10．for__ages 很久，很長時間
11．congratulate__sb.on__sth. 就某事向某人祝賀
12．on__purpose 故意地
13．regardless__of 不管；不顧
14．on__the__other__hand 另一方面
15．I__bet 我肯定
16．more__than 不僅僅，超過

1.“devote...to(介詞)”朋友圈
①adapt...to...　　　使適應；使配合
②adjust...to... 調節(jié)……以適應
③addict...to... 使……對……上癮
④apply...to... 把……應用于……
⑤prefer...to... 喜歡……勝過……
2.“不管；不顧”詞語一覽
①in spite of　　　　盡管；不管
②despite 盡管；不管
③regardless of 不管；不顧
④no matter 不管，無論
⑤leave alone 不管；不理
3.“偶然地”和“故意地”短語集錦
①by accident　　　偶然地
②by chance 偶然地
③by design 故意地
④on purpose 故意地
(三)重點句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：It is predicted that...據(jù)預測……
It__was__predicted as early as the 1700s that English would one day be the global language and that has proved to be the case in the last few decades.
早在十八世紀的時候，人們就預測有一天英語會成為全球語言。在過去的幾十年，事實證明確實如此。
句型2：whether...or...無論是……還是……，不管是……還是……
Quality input ensures quality output，whether it is speaking or writing.
無論是說還是寫，高質量的輸入確保高質量的輸出。
句型3：while表示對比，意為“而，卻”
Somebody jumping for joy is easy to see while a raised eyebrow conveying doubt is easier to miss.　歡呼雀躍的人很容易被看到，而挑起眉毛表示懷疑的(人)則更容易被忽略。
句型4：provided that引導條件狀語從句，意為“如果，倘若”
Thirdly，you say that there is a discount provided__that I pay in advance.
第三，你們說如果我預付貨款就有折扣。
二、語境強化訓練
Ⅰ.語境填詞——根據(jù)提示寫出該詞的適當形式
1．I think it may take some time before we can have an accurate(準確的) assessment of the damage.
2．A number of recent studies indicate that happiness is more easily attained(獲得) after middle age.
3．(2017·江蘇卷)This complete but brief historical collection is certain to entertain readers young and old, and guaranteed(保證) to present even the biggest history lover with something new!
4．We just naturally think that the future will resemble(與……相似) the past.
5．Don’t be so serious. I merely(僅僅) played a joke on you.
6．It is a beautiful city, surrounded(surround) by mountains and the Pacific Ocean.
7．(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent(absence). I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks.
8．We all came up to the lucky boy to offer our congratulations(congratulate) to him.
9．The firm wants to avoid any embarrassing(embarrass) questions about its finance.
10．(2019·全國卷Ⅰ)It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment(adjust), high status has just the opposite effect on us.
Ⅱ.派生詞練習——用所給詞的適當形式填空
1．I’m not convinced about the accuracy of the weather report. That is, I think it is not accurate,__for it’s impossible to predict the weather accurately．(accurate)
2．She could speak fluent English.When we heard her speak English so fluently，we were amazed at her fluency in English.(fluent)
3．Tom had hoped to meet with the manager’s approval and from the manager’s approving nod, he knew that his plan was approved．(approve)
4．To our embarrassment,__all of us had no money to pay the bill.In that embarrassing situation，all of us were very embarrassed．(embarrass)
5．The children are good at adjusting．As for the chairs, they are adjustable and you can make some adjustments to them.(adjust)
Ⅲ.選詞成篇
catch on; provided that; for ages; consist of; differ from; get ahead; keep in mind; keep sb. informed of
To 1.get__ahead in English, Li Hua has been working very hard to 2.catch__on her lessons 3.for__ages. Several days ago, she joined the English Corner 4.consisting__of twenty students.She 5.differs__from other students in some aspects. For example, she often 6.keeps__in__mind what she has learned and tries her best to 7.keep__herself__informed__of the latest learning methods 8.provided__that she has the opportunity.
on the one hand; stand out; adjust oneself to; on the other hand; congratulate sb. on; in the absence of
To 9.stand__out in his class and make progress, John worked very hard. And to achieve his goal, he 10.adjusted__himself quickly to the new surroundings, learning the latest news.
In addition, he attended English evening classes, but soon he was aware that it was hard to learn it well 11.in__the__absence__of the native language environment. So to ensure that he could achieve his goal, 12.on__the__one__hand,__he talked with his foreign teacher as much as possible at school, and 13.on__the__other__hand,__he listened to BBC news reports and watched English programmes.
At last, his hard work paid off and all of his friends 14.congratulated__him__on his progress.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．預計隨著戰(zhàn)爭的繼續(xù)，會有更多人失業(yè)。
It__is__predicted__that more jobs will be lost with the war going on.
2．無論好壞，我已經決定接受這份工作邀請。
I have decided to take the job offer, whether__it__is__good__or__bad．
3．我去游泳，而其他的人都打網(wǎng)球去了。
I went swimming while the others played tennis.
4．只要情況允許，我們下周將舉行會議。
Provided__that circumstances permit, we shall hold the meeting next week.

absence　n．缺席，不在；缺乏，不存在
[基礎練習]——單句語法填空
①I shall be in charge in the absence of the manager.
②During his absence from Guangzhou his co-workers did a lot of work.
③The accident resulted from his absence of mind during driving.
[能力提升]——一句多譯
在我很長時間沒有上學后，我的老師和同學們都幫助我補習功課。
④My teachers and classmates helped me with the lessons after my__long__absence__from__school．(absence)
⑤My teachers and classmates helped me with the lessons after I__had__been__absent__from__school__for__a__long__time．(absent)

(1)absence from school/work　缺課/缺勤
absence of mind 心不在焉的
in the absence of (人)不在，缺席；
(物)不存在，缺少
in one’s absence 在某人不在時，
在某人缺席時
(2)absent adj. 缺席的，不在的
be absent from 缺席；不在
[佳句背誦] It was his absence of mind during driving that nearly caused a serious accident.　就是他開車時的心不在焉才差點導致一起嚴重事故。
surround　vt.圍繞；環(huán)繞
[基礎練習]——單句語法填空
①a.(2019·江蘇卷) Steve arrived and sat in the front row, surrounded(surround) by his family.
b．(2018·天津卷)Now we live in a world surrounded(surround) by the “can’t do” attitudes.
c．(福建卷)Surrounding(surround) yourself with people who’ll provide you with respect support can be very beneficial.
②a.(2018·天津卷) Why do the hikers take no notice of the surroundings(surround) during the journey?
b．Standing on the top of the mountain, we can have a good view of the surrounding(surround) hills.
[能力提升]——句式升級
③(普通表達)The tall building in the distance is home to my father’s company. The tall building is surrounded by a great many big trees.
(高級表達)The tall building which__is__surrounded__by__a__great__many__big__trees__in__the__distance is home to my father’s company.(定語從句)

(1)surround sb./sth.with/by...
　　　　　　　　使某人/某物被……包圍
(2)surrounding adj. 周圍的
surroundings n. 環(huán)境 (通常用復數(shù)形式) 　
[佳句背誦] Seeing from the hill in the distance, you will find the city of Pingyao is still surrounded by the old city walls.　從遠處的山上看，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)平遙市仍被古城墻圍繞著。
[名師點津]
(1)surroundings專指自然環(huán)境；
(2)environment可指自然環(huán)境也可指精神環(huán)境，常用單數(shù)形式。
[詞塊助記]
some issues surrounding alcohol abuse
　　　　　　　　　有關酗酒的一些問題
the surrounding scenery 四周的風景
guarantee　vt.保證；擔?！．保證；保修；擔保；抵押品
[基礎練習]——單句語法填空
①a.I guarantee to__pay(pay) off my debts on time, no matter what happens.
b．We should pay attention to small details, which can guarantee us to__succeed(succeed) in the end.
②The shop said they would replace the television as long as it was still under guarantee.
[能力提升]——一句多譯
抓住這個機會吧，我保證你不會后悔的。
③Take this opportunity, and I guarantee__that__you__won’t__regret__it．(guarantee v．)
④Take this opportunity, and I give__you__a__guarantee__that__you__won’t__regret__it．(guarantee n．)

(1)guarantee sb. sth./guarantee sth.to sb.
　　　　　　　　向某人保證某事
guarantee to do/that...
保證做……；確?！?br /> (2)under guarantee 在保修期內
give sb. a guarantee (that)．..
向某人保證……　
[佳句背誦] ①Not only is working hard a guarantee of success, but it is also among the essential requirements.　努力工作不僅是成功的保證，而且是成功必不可少的要求之一。
②The car is still under guarantee, so you should be able to get it repaired free of charge.
這輛汽車還在保修期內，所以你應該可以免費修理。
adjust　v．調節(jié)，調整；校準；使適應
[基礎練習]——單句語法填空
①This kind of desk can be__adjusted(adjust) to the height you need. Besides, it’s not expensive at all.
②I was wondering whether she could adjust to living(live) in the mountainous village alone.
③(江蘇卷)Some schools will have to make adjustments(adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升級
④(普通表達)Mike’s mother did almost everything for him when he was in high school, and that made__it__difficult__for__him__to__adjust__to(讓他很難適應) the first-year college life.
⑤(高級表達)Mike’s mother did almost everything for him when he was in high school, making__it__difficult__for__him__to__adjust__to__the__first-year__college__life．(現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語)

(1)adjust...to...　　　　調整……以適應……
adjust (oneself) to... (使自己)適應……
(2)adjustment n. 調整；調節(jié)
make an adjustment to 對……進行調整　
[佳句背誦] I think that you will quickly adjust (yourself) to them though the weather and the food are different from yours.
雖然天氣、食物與你那兒的有所不同，但我相信你會很快適應的。
[名師點津] adjust to...和adjust...to...中的to都是介詞，其后需接名詞或動名詞。
inform　vt.告知；通知
[基礎練習]——單句語法填空
①(2018·全國卷Ⅰ)Now，I am writing to inform you of some relevant details.
②The boss asked his secretary to keep him well informed(inform) of the programme’s progress.
③He threatened to__inform(inform) the government of his illegal activities.
[能力提升]——詞匯升級
④(普通表達)I’m more than delighted to tell you the good news that a short English film will be shown this weekend in our school.(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)
(高級表達)I’m more than delighted to inform__you__of the good news that a short English film will be shown this weekend in our school.

(1)inform sb. of sth. 告訴/通知某人某事
inform sb. that/when/how...
通知某人……
keep sb. informed (of...)　　　
使某人隨時了解(……)
(2)information n. [U]通知；消息；情報；信息
[佳句背誦] I’m Li Hua, the captain of our school volleyball team.I am writing to inform you that our team is going to play in the National League.
我是李華，是我們學校排球隊的隊長。我寫信是想通知你我們隊要參加全國聯(lián)賽。(2019·全國卷Ⅱ)
congratulate　vt.祝賀；慶賀
[基礎練習]——單句語法填空
① (2019·天津卷)I had hoped to send Peter a gift to__congratulate(congratulate) him on his marriage, but I couldn’t manage it.
②Congratulations(congratulate) to you on your qualification for this World Cup Football Championship!
[能力提升]——一句多譯
我祝賀你在“漢語橋”漢語演講比賽中獲得一等獎。
③I would like to __express__my__congratulations__to__you__on your receiving the first prize of Chinese Bridge Chinese Speech Contest.(congratulation n．)
④I would like to congratulate__you__on__ your receiving the first prize of Chinese Bridge Chinese Speech Contest. (congratulate vt.)

(1)congratulate sb. on
　　　　　　　　　祝賀某人某事/做某事
(2)congratulation n. 祝賀；恭喜
congratulations to sb. on sth.
祝賀某人某事
[佳句背誦] Congratulations on your making great progress in learning Chinese.　祝賀你在學習漢語方面取得了很大的進步。(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)
[名師點津] congratulation在用作名詞時常常要用復數(shù)形式。
resemble　vt.像；與……相似
[基礎練習]——單句語法填空
①She resembles her sister in appearance but not in character.
②The animals make a strange sound, resembling(resemble) the bark of a dog.
[能力提升]——一句多譯
電影里發(fā)生的事和現(xiàn)實生活幾乎沒有相似之處。
③What happens in the film is__hardly__similar__to what actually happened.(similar)
④What happens in the film bears__little__resemblance__to what actually happened.(resemblance)

(1)resemble sb./sth.(in)... (在……方面)與某人/某物相似
(2)resemblance n. 相似
bear a resemblance to(＝be similar to...)
與……相似　
[佳句背誦] From afar, the reed houses resemble the rice dumplings we have at Dragon Boat Festival.
蘆葦屋遠看像極了我們端午節(jié)吃的粽子。
get ahead　取得進步；獲得成功；領先
[能力提升]——完成句子
①對我來講，此時最重要的是在工作上獲得成功。
Getting__ahead__at__work is the most important thing to me at the moment.
②現(xiàn)在我們必須忘掉所有不愉快的事并且展望未來。
We have to forget all the sad things now and look__ahead．
③(全國卷Ⅲ)他雖然受了傷，但是沒有被打垮，他仍然是超越我的。
Damaged but not defeated, he was still ahead__of__me．

get ahead of　　　　　超過；勝過
go ahead 前進；干吧；說吧
go ahead with 開始
look ahead 向前看
ahead of 在……之前；勝過，超過　
[佳句背誦] He was talking about the way to get ahead in business.
他正在談如何成功地拓展業(yè)務。
take the/a form of　以……的形式出現(xiàn)(存在)
[基礎練習]——單句語法填空
①I saw Mike last night—he was in good form，which made me relieved.
②In other words, help in the form of money will be very welcome.
③(廣東卷)Another argument against television is that it replaces reading as a form of entertainment.
④You need to fill in/out a form if you want to apply for this position.
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤(重慶卷)自從那時，我已養(yǎng)成了與朋友定期打籃球的習慣，這有助于我們變得更強大、更自信。
Since then, I__have__formed__the__habit__of__playing__basketball with my friends regularly, which helps us to grow stronger and become more confident.

(1)form the habit of doing sth.＝get into/fall into the habit of doing sth.
　　　　　　　　　　　養(yǎng)成做某事的習慣
(2)in the form of 以……的形式；
呈現(xiàn)……的形式
in form 競技狀態(tài)佳的
out of form 競技狀態(tài)不佳的
fill in/out a form 填表　
[佳句背誦] Usually these favors take the form of an introduction, reference, feedback, or broadcast on social media.
通常情況下，這些人情的表現(xiàn)形式是相互介紹、做出擔保、給予反饋或者在社交媒體上傳播信息。
catch on　學會；受歡迎；流行起來；(與to連用)理解；被接受
[一詞多義]——寫出下列句中catch on的含義
①He invented a new game，but it never really caught on.流行起來
②He is very quick to catch on to things.理解
③I think this novel will catch on well after it comes out.受歡迎
④If only this idea could catch on，we should be able to make much money out of it.被接受
[基礎練習]——單句語法填空/單句改錯
⑤It is a nice song and I think it will catch on quickly.
⑥John ran too fast for me to catch up with him.
⑦The girl dressed in white was once caught steal from the supermarket. steal→stealing
⑧He was walking in the street when he caught the sight of a bird in the tree. 刪除第二個the

catch hold of　　　　　抓住
catch up (with) 趕上
catch sb.doing sth. 撞見某人做某事
catch sight of 看見　
[佳句背誦] ①Mothers catch on to what their children think about.
媽媽們最理解她們的孩子們在想什么。
②Keep an eye out for the beautiful, observe the unusual, and catch sight of the surprising.
留意周圍不經意的美麗，觀察那些不同尋常的事物，捕捉那令人驚艷的一瞥。
[名師點津] “v.＋on”的相關短語還有：agree on, carry on, come on, depend on, focus on等。
on the other hand　另一方面；反過來說
[基礎練習]——單句語法填空
①To improve your English, firstly, you should listen more；secondly(second), you should read more；last but not least, you should put what you have learned into use.
②They didn’t buy the car. For one thing, they didn’t like its color; for another,__it was too expensive.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③(2018·浙江卷6月)一方面，我精通英語；另一方面我有陪伴外國朋友的經驗。
On__the__one__hand,__I have a good command of spoken English；on__the__other__hand I have some experience in accompanying foreign friends.
④一方面，我對那部電影沒有興趣；另一方面，我沒有時間。
For__one__thing,__I don’t have any interest in that movie; for__another,__I have no time.

表示列舉的表達方式：
(1)on (the) one hand ...; on the other hand ...　　　　　　　　
一方面……；另一方面……
(2)for one thing ...; for another (thing) ...
首先/一則……；其次/二則……
(3)first(ly) ...; second(ly) ...
第一……；第二……　
[名師點津] (1)on the one hand...; on the other hand... “一方面……；另一方面……”，常用來表述一個事物的兩個方面，通常用于引出不同的，尤其對立的觀點、思想等。
(2)for one thing...; for another (thing)．..“首先……；其次……”，所述兩個方面的情況常常一致。

whether...or...無論是……還是……，不管是……還是……
(教材P6)Quality input ensures quality output，whether it is speaking or writing.
無論是說還是寫，高質量的輸入確保高質量的輸出。
[基礎練習]——單句語法填空
①(山東卷)It doesn’t matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store.
②(2018·北京卷)When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③(牛津詞典)不管成功與否，我們確實已盡了最大努力。
Whether__we__are__successful__or__not,__we can be sure that we did our best.(讓步狀語從句)
④究竟此事對我們有害還是有利，還有待驗證。
Whether__it__will__do__us__harm__or__good__remains to be seen.(主語從句)

(1)whether ...or ...“無論是……還是……，不管是……還是……”，引導讓步狀語從句。
(2)whether ...or ...也可引導名詞性從句作主語或賓語。
(3)whether也可和or not 連用?！?
[佳句背誦] Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he’s out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses.
你兒子可能不是他隊里最好的籃球運動員。但是如果他每天都在那里努力訓練，不管他的球隊是贏還是輸，你都應該對他的努力提出表揚。(2019·浙江卷6月)
provided that引導條件狀語從句，意為“如果，倘若”
(教材P12)Thirdly, you say that there is a discount provided that I pay in advance.　第三，你們說如果我預付貨款就有折扣。
[基礎練習]——單句語法填空
①I’ll agree to go to that famous city provided(provide) that my expenses are paid.
②Given(give) that flights are fully booked on that day—which other day could we go?
[能力提升]——一句多譯
只要你把作業(yè)做完，你就可以出去玩。
③You can go out to play as__long__as__you__finish__your__homework．(as long as)
④You can go out to play on__condition__that__you__finish__your__homework．(on condition that)
⑤You can go out to play provided__that__you__finish__your__homework．(provided that)

此句中的provided that為連詞，表示“如果，倘若”，引導條件狀語從句，that可以省去，也可用providing替換provided。與之同義的結構還有suppose/supposing that/given that/assuming that/as long as/on condition that等。　
[佳句背誦] ①Provided that there is no objection, we will begin the next item.
如果沒有異議，我們將開始下一個項目。
②Providing that he can win the support of most of his classmates, he will be elected monitor.
如果他能贏得大多數(shù)同學的支持，他就會被選為班長。

維度一　在空白處填入括號內單詞的正確形式
1．(2018·天津卷)It took him a long time to acquire(acquisition) the skills he needed to become a good dancer.
2．He tried to run away but gave up when he found himself surrounded(surround)．
3．My horse turned to the left to avoid the little rabbit as I held on tightly(tight) and tried not to fall.
4．It is impossible to say with any accuracy(accurate) how many are affected.
5．With the levels of carbon dioxide in the air increasing rapidly, the global(globe) temperature continues going up.
維度二　在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~
1．It is reported that a mine accident happened in a town in Shanxi Province.
2．The boss asked us to keep him informed of what’s going on in the company.
3．We have been training our students to adjust themselves to the life here.
4．Provided/Providing that they refuse our plan，who else can you turn to for help?
5．You may even catch sight of a polar bear on the ice.
維度三　語境品詞(寫出加黑詞匯在語境中的意義)
1．We offered our sincere congratulations to her when she finally graduated from college.祝賀
2．Surrounded by the sea on three sides, modern Qingdao is considered one of the most livable cities in China.包圍；環(huán)繞
3．(2018·全國卷Ⅲ)On March 19, Dennis got a group text informing him that a couple he didn’t know were at the hospital, waiting for the arrival of a baby.告知；通知
4．Only when one is in good health can he guarantee efficient learning. 保證
5．As an old saying goes, “Happiness is not the absence of problems, but the ability to deal with them.”不存在

提能一　語段填空(短文中黑體部分為本單元核心知識點，請補全短文，并背誦體會黑體部分用法)
As a candidate, David worked very hard to attain his target. On the one hand, he adjusted 1.himself(him) to the new surroundings. On the other hand, he kept himself 2.informed(inform) of the latest news. Besides, 3.to__ensure(ensure) adequate chances to speak, he registered for classes online, 4.because he was aware that it was hard to learn English well 5.in the absence of native speakers. 6.What surprised all was that he not merely attended classes 7.punctually(punctual) and read books adapted for beginners, but he also 8.enlarged(enlarge) his vocabulary through different 9.media(medium). At last, his hard work 10.paid(pay) off and all of his friends congratulated him on his progress.
提能二　話題寫作(用本單元詞匯、句式和語法知識寫滿分作文)
1．補全要點句(黑體部分請用本單元所學詞匯)
①在當今社會，說流利的英語對我們非常重要。
It is very important for us to speak__fluent__English in today’s world.
②要掌握一門外語，我認為擴大詞匯量是必不可少的。
To acquire a good knowledge of a foreign language, I think it__is__essential__to__enlarge__our__vocabulary．
③我們應該盡量置身于母語是英語的人的包圍之中。
We should try__to__be__surrounded__by__those__native__speakers．
④我們不能太依賴母語。
We shouldn’t rely__on__our__mother__tongue__too__much．
⑤只要我們堅持努力練習，遲早我們會脫穎而出的。
If we keep practicing English, we will stand__out__sooner__or__later．
2．升級平淡句
⑥用“be of＋名詞”升級句①
It__is__of__great__importance__for__us__to__speak__fluent__English__in__today’s__world.
⑦用as long as引導條件狀語從句升級句⑤
As__long__as__we__keep__practicing__English,__we__will__stand__out__sooner__or__later.
3．銜接成美文(注意使用適當?shù)倪^渡銜接詞匯：first of all, secondly, lastly)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
It is of great importance for us to speak fluent English in today’s world. To acquire a good knowledge of a foreign language, I think, first of all, it is essential to enlarge our vocabulary. Secondly, we should try to be surrounded by those native speakers. Lastly, we shouldn’t rely on our mother tongue too much. As long as we keep practicing English, we will stand out sooner or later.

課時練1　2篇閱讀＋1篇七選五＋1篇完形
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
(2020·北京房山區(qū)高三模擬)Gabriella’s family immigrated to the US from Peru when she was two years old. As a compound bilingual(熟諳兩種語言的人), Gabriella develops two linguistic codes at the same time, with a set of concepts, learning both English and Spanish. Her teenage brother, on the other hand, might be a coordinate bilingual, working with two sets of concepts, learning English in school, Spanish at home. Finally, Gabriella’s parents are likely to be subordinate bilinguals who learned a second language by translating it into their mother tongue.
Regardless of accent and pronunciation, all types of bilingual people can become fully proficient in a language. It seems that the difference may not be apparent. But recently brain imaging technology has given a glimpse into how specific aspects of language learning affect the bilingual brain. It’s well known that the brain’s left hemisphere(半球) is in charge of logical processes, while the right hemisphere is more active in emotional and social ones. Language involves both types of functions. Critical period hypothesis says children learn languages more easily because their developing brains let them use both hemispheres in language learning, while in most adults, language relies on one hemisphere, usually the left.
Before the 1960s, bilingualism was considered a handicap that slowed the children’s development by forcing them to spend too much energy distinguishing between languages. But a recent study did show that bilingualism may make you smarter. It does make your brain more complex, healthier, and more actively engaged, and even if you didn’t have the good fortune of learning a second language like a child, it’s never too late to do yourself a favor and make the linguistic leap from “Hello” to “Hola” “Bonjour” or “nihao” because when it comes to our brains, a little exercise can go a long way.
【解題導語】　本文是一篇說明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，雙語學習能使大腦更加聰明、更加健康、更活躍；學習外語永遠不遲。
1．Why is Gabriella’s family used as the example in Paragraph 1?
A．To show that the family are bilinguals.
B．To explain the advantages of bilinguals.
C．To illustrate the three types of bilinguals.
D．To prove all ages can learn foreign languages.
C　解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的內容可知，Gabriella家中有三種不同的雙語學習類型的人，據(jù)此可知，第一段以Gabriella的家庭為例是為了說明三種不同雙語學習類型的人，故C項正確。
2．Why do the children learn languages more easily than adults?
A．Because they learn languages with a set of concepts.
B．Because they use both hemispheres to learn languages.
C．Because their mother tongue doesn’t influence them much.
D．Because they can easily translate one language into another.
B　解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段尾句中的“children learn languages more easily because their developing brains let them use both hemispheres in language learning, while in most adults, language relies on one hemisphere, usually the left”可知，兒童學習語言更容易是因為他們發(fā)育中的大腦讓他們在語言學習中使用兩個大腦半球，而在大多數(shù)成年人中，學習語言依賴于一個大腦半球，通常是左半球，故B項正確。
3．Which of the following best explains the underlined word “handicap” in Paragraph 3?
A．Disease.　　　　　　　　　 B．Disability.
C．Disadvantage. D．Illness.
C　解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Before the 1960s, bilingualism was considered a handicap that slowed the children’s development by forcing them to spend too much energy distinguishing between languages.”尤其是該句中的“slowed”和“forcing them to spend too much energy distinguishing between languages”并結合語境可推知，畫線詞與C項“不利因素，障礙”意思相近，故C項正確。
4．What can we infer from the text?
A．The left brain is more important for language learning.
B．Learning languages can promote the brain development.
C．The proficiency of language becomes weak gradually with age.
D．Immigrants have advantages in learning languages over natives.
B　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二、三句中的“But a recent study did show that bilingualism may make you smarter. It does make your brain more complex, healthier, and more actively engaged”可知，最近的一項研究確實表明，雙語可能會讓你更聰明。它確實會讓你的大腦更復雜、更健康、更活躍；據(jù)此可推知，學習語言會促進大腦的發(fā)展，故B項正確。
B
(2020·鄭州高三第二次質量預測)Thomas Cheatham had planned to study Latin during his time at Hebron High School in Texas. But when he learned that the school district was going to offer a Mandarin(普通話) class, he quickly changed his mind.
“I thought Mandarin would be more beneficial than Latin，” said Cheatham, who is now in his second year of studying the language.
He speaks Mandarin to order food at Chinese restaurants and can read social media posts from his Chinese-speaking friends. While it’s a difficult language to master, the high school junior, who plans to study computer engineering, thinks it will be important for his career. “Chinese is a good language to know, especially with China becoming a growing power，” he said.
Many experts agree that proficiency(熟練) in a language spoken by a billion people worldwide will give American students an edge in the global economy.
“People are looking at China as our next economic competitor, and interest in Mandarin is growing fast，” said Marty Abbott, director of the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages. “We’re seeing it in all parts of the country.”
Abbott predicts that as many as 100，000 students are now studying Mandarin in public and private schools throughout the US. She said the US government has designated(指定) Mandarin as an “important need” language and provides professional development programs for teachers. “Our government wants to increase our language ability for economic competitiveness，” Abbott added.
At the same time, the Chinese government is spreading knowledge of the Chinese language and culture through Confucius Institutes set up in many US states. For example, the Confucius Institute at the University of Texas at Dallas has been the home of a Confucius Institute for 10 years. It sponsors Confucius Classrooms at 21 local public and private schools, where tens of thousands of students are learning Mandarin.
【解題導語】　本文是一篇說明文，主要講了普通話在美國學生中日益流行。
5．Why did Thomas Cheatham decide to study Mandarin instead of Latin?
A．Mandarin was easier to learn than Latin.
B．Mandarin could be helpful to his future career.
C．Mandarin might help him learn more about China.
D．Mandarin could enable him to study computer engineering.
B　解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“While it’s a difficult language to master, the high school junior, who plans to study computer engineering, thinks it will be important for his career.”可知，Thomas Cheatham認為學習普通話對他的未來職業(yè)有幫助，所以才決定學習普通話。
6．The underlined word “edge” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”．
A．a slight advantage B．the outside limit
C．a sharp tone of voice D．an exciting quality
A　解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)語境尤其是第三段最后一句中的“Chinese is a good language to know, especially with China becoming a growing power”和第四段第一句中的“a language spoken by a billion people”可知，隨著中國的發(fā)展，學習普通話大有裨益，由此可推知，學習普通話讓美國學生在全球經濟中有一定的優(yōu)勢，這與文章第五段的內容呼應。故畫線詞意為“優(yōu)勢”，與A項含義相近。
7．Which of the following statements might Marty Abbott agree with?
A．Mandarin should be taught in classrooms throughout the US.
B．Those skilled at Chinese will be the most competitive in the future.
C．The US government’s policy has helped popularize Mandarin in the US.
D．Americans learn Mandarin because they worry about their economic security.
C　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)語境尤其是對第六段的整體理解可推知，在Marty Abbott看來，美國政府的政策有助于普通話在美國的推廣。
8．What does the author mainly talk about in this passage?
A．The rising popularity of Mandarin among American students.
B．The great benefits of learning Mandarin for American students.
C．The influence of China’s growing power on American education.
D．The effect of Confucius Institutes in promoting Mandarin in the US.
A　解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)對全文的整體理解可推知，本文主要講述的是普通話在美國學生中日益流行的現(xiàn)象，這與最后一段的進一步論述呼應。故選A。
Ⅱ.七選五
(2020·鄭州一中摸底測試) Teenagers are especially likely to suffer loneliness. Here are some suggestions for speeding a recovery from loneliness.
Reach out to others, but start small. A smile and a friendly greeting for the student behind you in line at the cafeteria won’t make you best friends. 1.________ It also can make it easier to interact the next time.
Find a safe place to make connections. If going to the school dance makes you feel like you just don’t belong, try joining a special interest group. Maybe it’s the drama club or the marching band. 2.________
Find other ways of making connections. Lonely people hunger for acceptance and friendship. Sometimes feeling accepted and liked comes more easily when you do something for others. 3.________ Teach a child reading. Take notes for a disabled classmate. You might be surprised at the connections you make after reaching out to others in these ways.
4．________ Loneliness is an absence of quality friendships, not of a particular quantity of friends. That’s why it’s important to know how to select a friend. The best friendships are those based on similar values and attitudes.
You get what you expect, so expect the best. If you expect others to be friendly, you will behave in similar ways.
5．________ It goes away as teens learn how to find their way through their social world and connect with others.
A．But it will make you both feel pretty good.
B．So consider becoming a volunteer.
C．Some teens aren’t so adaptable, however.
D．Encourage people to be friendlier to you.
E．Choose the right people.
F．For most young people, loneliness is only temporary.
G．Look for a group that allows you to ease gradually.
【解題導語】　本文主要介紹了應對孤獨的一些建議。
1．A　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，空前一句和空后的“It also can make it easier to interact the next time.”存在邏輯上的轉折關系，所以A項“但是它將使你們都感到很好”符合語境。
2．G　解析：根據(jù)上文“Find a safe place to make connections. If going to the school dance makes you feel like you just don’t belong, try joining a special interest group.”可推知，作者建議找一個讓自己覺得舒服的團體，所以選G項。
3．B　解析：根據(jù)上文“Sometimes feeling accepted and liked comes more easily when you do something for others.”可知，幫助他人會讓孤獨者更易被接納和喜歡。故B項“因此考慮做一名志愿者”銜接下文“Teach a child reading. Take notes for a disabled classmate.”。
4．E　解析：根據(jù)下文“Loneliness is an absence of quality friendships, not of a particular quantity of friends. That’s why it’s important to know how to select a friend.”可推知，選對朋友對孤獨者尤其重要，他們缺的不是特定數(shù)量的朋友，而是高質量的友誼，所以選E項。
5．F　解析：由空后的“It goes away as teens learn how to find their way through their social world and connect with others.”可推知，青少年的孤獨是暫時的，隨著他們學會如何通過社會閱歷找到自己的道路和與他人建立關系，孤獨就會不復存在，所以選F項。
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2020·信陽高三調研)In a clean, clinical room, my best friend was dying in my arms. His eyes, dark brown and trusting, would soon __1__ forever. Heartbroken, I said, “Flash, you __2__ so much happiness to me. I will do something good as a __3__．”
Flash came into my __4__ when I was nine. From the moment my parents brought this cute dog home, he __5__ my family with joy.
Then, __6__ happened. My mum was diagnosed with breast cancer when I was 11. Then my grandma, who was my __7__， passed away. My sister developed Crohn’s disease and while being tested, __8__ a heart attack. I was being bullied at school and started to __9__ classes and avoid seeing people.
Flash soon gave me all the __10__ he could offer. There were times when I felt there was no __11__， but a pair of brown eyes and loving face would somehow ease me. I knew he was __12__ there for me. I knew he understood.
Now after 15 years, Flash was __13__. I thought doing charity work was the best reward for him. I __14__ in a non-profit organization in Southampton and contributed about 3，500 hours to __15__ children with special needs, which completely changed my life. I learned to love the __16__ I had been on, and even accept the __17__ bits.
I still miss Flash. It was him that had somehow __18__ me to help others. Flash’s death was one of the __19__ moments of my life. But it was also an inspiring moment that __20__ who I was—in the best possible way—forever.
【解題導語】　陪伴“我”多年的狗去世了，“我”悲痛欲絕，因為它曾經在“我”人生最艱難的時期陪伴“我”；狗離開“我”之后，“我”開始思考如何回報它的陪伴；于是，“我”加入了志愿者服務行列。
1．A.open B．close
C．shine D．fade
B　解析：根據(jù)本段第一句中的“my best friend was dying”可知，狗就要去世了，它的眼睛即將永遠閉上。故選B。
2．A.brought B．told
C．saved D．owed
A　解析：根據(jù)第二段的內容可知，“我”九歲時，F(xiàn)lash走進“我”的生活，陪伴“我”；由此可知，此處表示它曾經給“我”帶來了那么多的快樂。故選A。
3．A.relief B．chance
C．bonus D．reward
D　解析：根據(jù)第五段中的“I thought doing charity work was the best reward for him.”可知，為了報答Flash的陪伴，“我”將盡自己的能力做一些事情回報它。故選D。
4．A.mind B．room
C．world D．power
C　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“my parents brought this cute dog home”可知，在“我”九歲時，F(xiàn)lash進入“我”的世界。故選C。
5．A.helped B．filled
C．protected D．decorated
B　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，F(xiàn)lash讓“我”的家充滿歡樂。故選B。
6．A.disasters B．stories
C．wonders D．mistakes
A　解析：根據(jù)下文可知，母親患了癌癥，祖母去世了，妹妹也生病了，并且“我”在學校受到同學的欺負。由此可知，“我”的家庭經歷了一系列不幸的事情，故選A。
7．A.burden B．trouble
C．strength D．challenge
C　解析：根據(jù)語境并結合選項可知，祖母當時是“我”的力量源泉。故選C。
8．A.caused B．noticed
C．fought D．suffered
D　解析：根據(jù)該句中的“while being tested”和“a heart attack”可推知，妹妹當時在檢查的過程中，遭受了心臟病的折磨。故選D。
9．A.skip B．give
C．take D．enjoy
A　解析：根據(jù)該句中的“being bullied at school”和“avoid seeing people”可知，“我”當時在學校受到欺負，并且開始避開人群。由此可推知，“我”當時開始逃課。故選A。
10．A.comment B．comfort
C．expectation D．relaxation
B　解析：根據(jù)該段中的“ease me”和“I knew he understood.”可知，F(xiàn)lash給了“我”極大的安慰。故選B。
11．A.hope B．time
C．money D．use
A　解析：根據(jù)第三段的內容可知，“我”曾經遇到了一系列的不幸，“我”時常感到生活沒有了希望，但是Flash棕色的眼睛、可愛的臉龐總是能讓“我”感到寬慰。故選A。
12．A.frequently B．sometimes
C．hardly D．always
D　解析：根據(jù)上文可知，F(xiàn)lash總是能夠在“我”最困難的時候，一直陪伴“我”。故選D。
13．A.aging B．gone
C．missing D．deserted
B　解析：根據(jù)本文第一句并結合該句可知，現(xiàn)在，15年后，F(xiàn)lash去世了。故選B。
14．A.searched B．competed
C．volunteered D．performed
C　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“a non-profit organization”和“contributed about 3，500 hours”可知，“我”自愿在一家非營利機構工作。故選C。
15．A.attending to B．meeting with
C．talking about D．bringing up
A　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“children with special needs”可知，“我”貢獻了大約3 500個小時來照看有特殊需要的孩子。故選A。A項意為“照料”。
16．A.earth B．journey
C．holiday D．street
B　解析：根據(jù)上文中的“which completely changed my life”可知，通過志愿者服務，“我”的生活完全變了，“我”開始喜歡自己過去所經歷的旅程，甚至接受了最難接受的那些事情。故選B。
17．A.fantastic B．absurd
C．hard D．pleasant
C　解析：參見上題解析。
18．A.led B．forced
C．trained D．persuaded
A　解析：根據(jù)空前一句“I still miss Flash.”及下文中的“an inspiring moment”可知，F(xiàn)lash引導“我”去幫助他人。故選A。
19．A.fullest B．craziest
C．tiniest D．saddest
D　解析：根據(jù)第一段中的“Heartbroken”可知，F(xiàn)lash的去世是“我”人生中最難過的時刻之一。故選D。
20．A.explained B．transformed
C．admitted D．described
B　解析：根據(jù)第五段中的“which completely changed my life”并結合本段內容可知，F(xiàn)lash的去世也是讓“我”發(fā)生改變的時刻。故選B。
課時練2　2篇閱讀＋1篇七選五＋
1篇語法填空
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
(2020·合肥重點高中摸底)Most dog owners are convinced that their four-legged friends know exactly what they mean when they use certain words like “sit”， “stay” or “treat”. However, researchers have always wondered whether dogs really understand human speech or if they rely on other information to get the meaning. For example, does the word “fetch” form a picture of a stick or ball in the dog’s mind, or does the dog bring back the object based on the owner’s voice or gesture? A new study by scientists at Atlanta’s Emory University seems to indicate that “man’s best friend” does indeed know what the owner is saying.
The researchers began by asking the owners of twelve dogs of various kinds to train their pets to identify two toys of different materials, such as a toy animal and a ball. Once the dogs had mastered the task, they took turns inside a special scanner. The owners then tested their dog’s language skill by first calling out the names of the toys they had been trained to recognize and then saying meaningless words such as “bobbu” and “bodmick” while holding up random objects the dogs hadn’t seen before.
The scans suggested that the parts of the dogs’ brains responsible for processing sounds showed different brain patterns when they heard words they were familiar with, compared with the ones they had never heard before. While that was not enough to prove that the dogs were picturing their toys when they heard the word, it did indicate some sort of recognition. The researchers believe this is an important step in understanding how dogs process language.
Something even more interesting was that the dog’s brains showed a higher level of neural (神經的) activity at the sound of unknown words. This is the exact opposite of what happens in human brains, which get more active at the sound of familiar words. The researchers say the dogs may become cheerful at the sound of new words to try to understand them in the hope of delighting their masters. “Dogs want to please their owners, and perhaps also want to receive praise or food，” says Emory neuroscientist Gregory Berns, senior author of the study.
However, though a pet may understand human speech, the scientists recommend using visual signals and smell for training. “When people want to teach their dog a trick, they often use spoken commands because that’s what we humans prefer，” Prichard says. “From the dog’s view, however, a visual command might be more effective, helping the dog learn the trick faster.”
【解題導語】　本文是一篇說明文。一項新的研究表明，狗的確能理解主人說的話。
1．What’s the purpose of the new study?
A．To convince dog owners to understand their dogs.
B．To advise dog owners to treat their dogs kindly.
C．To prove dogs follow owners’ order by listening.
D．To test out how dogs get information from owners.
D　解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段尾句“A new study by scientists at Atlanta’s Emory University seems to indicate that ‘man’s best friend’ does indeed know what the owner is saying.”可知，亞特蘭大的埃默里大學的科學家進行的一項新研究似乎表明， “人類最好的朋友”確實知道主人在說什么，并結合全文可知，該研究的目的是測試狗是如何理解主人的話的，故D項正確。
2．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 2?
A．Inform the result of the research.
B．State the process of the research.
C．Stress the importance of the research.
D．Introduce the subjects of the research.
B　解析：寫作意圖題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“The researchers began by asking the owners of twelve dogs of various kinds to train their pets to identify two toys of different materials, such as a toy animal and a ball.”并結合該段內容可知，該段主要介紹了進行研究的過程，包括讓不同品種的狗識別不同材料的兩個玩具等，據(jù)此可知，該段旨在介紹研究過程，故B項正確。
3．How do human brains and dog brains react to words?
A．Human brains become active in unfamiliar words.
B．Dog brains become delighted at unfamiliar words.
C．Human brains are not sensitive to familiar words.
D．Dog brains show no response to familiar words.
B　解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段前兩句“Something even more interesting...This is the exact opposite of what happens in human brains, which get more active at the sound of familiar words.”可知，對于不熟悉的單詞，狗的大腦呈現(xiàn)出高水平的神經活動，而人類的大腦相反，故B項正確。
4．What do scientists advise the owners to do in dog training?
A．Give dogs oral commands.
B．Teach dogs new tricks.
C．Involve sight and smell.
D．Encourage faster learning.
C　解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)尾段第一句“However, though a pet may understand human speech, the scientists recommend using visual signals and smell for training.”可知，盡管狗可能理解人類的語言，但科學家們建議使用視覺信號和嗅覺來訓練它們，故C項正確。
B
(2020·廣東清遠高三調研)Brits(英國人) are extremely bad at languages, with many of us relying on the fact that the rest of the world speak English. Only half(51%) are able to speak a second language to any standard and as more people travel abroad, this is becoming an increasing regret, according to a new study.
Almost two-thirds(62%) of UK adults wish they were better at speaking languages. So they can better understand a city’s culture(38% of respondents), talk with locals(24%) and go beyond the guide book(21%)．
Overcoming language barriers can be one of the most difficult parts of a holiday, particularly when in unfamiliar surroundings. So stressful in the fact that 10% of respondents said they didn’t travel because of the problem.
The survey by Hostelworld showed that one in five blamed getting lost on the language barrier, while a similar number had problems ordering food and one in ten got on the wrong train, plane or other form of transportation.
If languages weren’t an issue then one in eight(12%) Brits would visit Japan. China, Italy and Russia were also popular choices. Despite the communication problem, Japan has seen a 7.5% increase in the number of British visitors between January and April, compared to this time last year.
“The number of British travelers to Japan has been growing year on year，” according to Hollie Mantle, marketing and communication manager for the Japanese Tourist Board. “People are realizing that Japan is one of the most hospitable and beautiful countries on earth, with so many new experiences for travelers to try, not to mention world-class cuisine！”
They had this message for Brits thinking about visiting：“Though some travelers worry about language barriers, as soon as you arrive in Japan, you’ll realize that people will go out of their way to help you enjoy their country. There really are few ‘barriers’—road signs and train stations are in English, you’ll find that people speak more English than they let on, and even when they don’t, they will go above and beyond to help you out.”
【解題導語】　本文主要介紹了語言障礙成為英國人出國旅游的一大顧慮。
5．What do we know from the first two paragraphs?
A．Brits are poor at languages.
B．Brits regret what they have done.
C．Brits like relying on others.
D．Brits are good at languages.
A　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Brits(英國人) are extremely bad at languages, with many of us relying on the fact that the rest of the world speak English.”點題，并結合對前兩段的整體理解可推知，英國人的語言能力比較差，故選A。
6．How many Brits can’t order food correctly because of language barriers?
A．About 10%.　　　　　　　 B．About 12%.
C．About 20%. D．About 21%.
C　解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“The survey by Hostelworld showed that one in five blamed getting lost on the language barrier, while a similar number had problems ordering food”可知，1/5即20%的英國人因為語言障礙不能正確點餐，故選C。
7．How is the text mainly developed?
A．By analyzing causes. B．By giving examples.
C．By making description. D．By listing data.
D　解析：寫作手法題。根據(jù)對文章的整體理解可知，本文列舉了大量的數(shù)據(jù)來論證作者的觀點，由此可推知，本文是通過列出數(shù)據(jù)來展開的，故選D。
Ⅱ.七選五
(2020·合肥第二次質檢)What’s the purpose of building patience abilities? In a word, happiness. Better relationships, more success. But indeed it takes efforts to build them successfully. 1.________ Thus, when the big ones come, we will have developed the patience we need for hard times.
Understand the addictive nature of anger and impatience. We, human beings, are still constructed with our old reptilian(爬行動物的) brain that protects our physical and emotional survival. On the emotional survival side, we want our way to get ahead, to achieve, and to “l(fā)ook good”. Let’s just face it. 2.________ So the first step in growing patience is to get in touch with the addictive quality of the opposite of patience—anger, impatience, blame and shame. We all have them. And we can grow beyond them.
Upgrade our attitude towards discomfort and pain. Pain has its purposes and pushes us to find solutions—we try to change the other person, situation or thing that we think is causing our discomfort. But the problem is that it is not the outside thing that’s the source of our pain, but how our mind is set. 3.________
Pay attention when the impatience or pain starts. Most of us don’t really realize it when we are feeling even the smallest—but very present—painful feelings. 4.________ But to really care for ourselves, get curious about what’s actually happening in the moment inside you. Focusing on what’s actually happening, you can notice the worry of not wanting what’s happening, the resistance.
5．________ When you find yourself impatient, or angry with yourself, you can remind yourself that you are growing, and that, “Sure, this is understandable; this is what happens to me when I’m bothered.” You can say to yourself, “It’s true. I don’t like this; this is uncomfortable, but I can tolerate it.”
A．Practice positive selftalk.
B．So the solution to pain is an inside job.
C．Patience abilities benefit you in many ways.
D．Learn to forgive yourself for being impatient in hard times.
E．We ignore the fact that we’re in pain and focus completely on fixing the problem.
F．The urge to protect ourselves and what we consider valuable is absolutely habit-forming.
G．Effective ways are recommended to train ourselves to work with little pain and annoyance.
【解題導語】　本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了培養(yǎng)耐心的幾個有效的方法。
1．G　解析：根據(jù)空后一句“Thus, when the big ones come, we will... hard times.”可知，成功地培養(yǎng)耐心需要花費精力，因而推薦一些有效的方法用來訓練我們應對痛苦及煩惱的能力，因此當更大的麻煩來臨時，我們將已經有耐心應對困難的時刻。故G項符合語境。
2．F　解析：根據(jù)空后的“So the first step... blame and shame.”可推知，保護我們自己和我們認為有價值的東西的沖動絕對是由習慣養(yǎng)成的，因此要做的第一步就是了解負面情緒根深蒂固的本性。故選F。
3．B　解析：根據(jù)空前一句“But the problem is that it is not the outside thing that’s the source of our pain, but how our mind is set.”可知，問題不是出現(xiàn)在引起痛苦的外在因素上，而是出現(xiàn)在我們的思考方式上，因此解決痛苦是一種內在的活動。故選B。
4．E　解析：根據(jù)空前一句“Most of us don’t really realize it... painful feelings.”及空后的“get curious about what’s actually happening in the moment inside you”可知，我們經常忽略了這樣一個事實，即我們處于痛苦之中，而我們關注的焦點總是全部集中在解決問題上。
5．A　解析：根據(jù)文章結構和空處所在位置可知，空處為段落主題句；通讀本段可知，本段主要是說要積極地自我對話，故A項符合語境。
Ⅲ.語法填空
(2020·長春質量監(jiān)測一)It used to be common to see US teenagers busy at fast-food restaurants cooking burgers and 1.____________(clean) tables, especially during the summer vacation. 2.____________， the scene is becoming less common.
Instead of finding summer jobs, many US teenagers are spending 3.____________(they) free time taking classes. According to The Atlantic, this change partly results 4.____________the low teen earnings paying little toward the costs of college. For many students who are going to attend college, the money from summer jobs doesn’t live up to their 5.____________(expect) at all. Meanwhile, US teenagers’ increasing interest in education 6.____________(account) for this as well. They go to summer school to learn 7.____________they might not have time for after they leave school, which 8.____________(consider) as a wise choice.
Despite this, a summer job is still believed to benefit teenagers. Early work experience is 9.____________human activity that develops people’s social skills. When kids are working, they gradually gain 10.____________(practice) knowledge and understanding of the labor market.
【解題導語】　這是一篇說明文，主要介紹了美國青少年暑期生活的變化。
1．cleaning　解析：考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)空前的并列連詞and可知，空處與前面的cooking并列作be busy(in) doing sth.結構的賓語。
2．However　解析：考查副詞。由上文中的“It used to be common”以及空后的“the scene is becoming less common”可知，此處前后句構成轉折關系，故用However。
3．their　解析：考查代詞。根據(jù)語境可知，空處修飾名詞free time，故應用they的形容詞性物主代詞their在句中作定語，表示“他們的”。
4．from　解析：考查固定搭配。這種變化部分是由青少年得到的薪水很低而難以支付大學的費用造成的。result from “(由……而)造成”為固定搭配。
5．expectations　解析：考查詞性轉換和名詞的單復數(shù)。根據(jù)語境及空前的“their”可知，空處應用expect的名詞復數(shù)形式，表示“他們的那些期望”。
6．accounts　解析：考查動詞的時態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)語境可知，文章介紹的是一般情況，且主語是US teenagers’ increasing interest，因此謂語動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時的第三人稱單數(shù)形式accounts。
7．what　解析：考查連接詞。分析句子結構可知，空處引導賓語從句，作動詞learn的賓語，指物，因此填what。
8．is considered　解析：考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)語境可知，文章介紹的是一般情況，應用一般現(xiàn)在時，此處表示“這被認為是一個明智的選擇”，應用被動語態(tài)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。
9．a　解析：考查冠詞。根據(jù)空前的“is”和空后的“human activity”可知，此處表示泛指“一項人類活動”，且human的發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭，故用不定冠詞a。
10．practical　解析：考查形容詞。修飾名詞應用形容詞，故用practical “實用的”。