一、語基必備知識
(一)重點詞匯——分類記憶
Ⅰ.閱讀詞匯——在不認(rèn)識的詞匯前劃√
artist n．　　　　　　　　 contemporary adj.
drawing n. paint vt.
painter n. painting n.
aspect n. imitate vt.
style n. unusual adj.
landscape n. portrait n.
Ⅱ.核心詞匯——寫其形
1．colourful adj.　　　　 彩色的
2．scene n. 景色；風(fēng)景
3．a(chǎn)live adj. 有活力的；有生氣的
4．a(chǎn)im vi. 以……為目標(biāo)；打算；意欲
5．stand vt. 忍受
6．destroy vt. 破壞；毀壞
Ⅲ.拓展詞匯——通其變
1．like n．愛好；嗜好→dislike n．憎惡；不喜歡
2．delight n．高興 v．使高興→ delightful adj.令人愉快的；可愛的→ delighted adj.高興的
3．tradition n．傳統(tǒng)；習(xí)俗→ traditional adj.傳統(tǒng)的；習(xí)俗的→ traditionally adv.傳統(tǒng)地
4．observe vt.觀察；注意到→ observer n．觀察者→ observation n．觀察；觀測；觀察力
5．a(chǎn)dopt vt.采納；采用→ adoption n．收養(yǎng)，過繼；采取
6．exhibit v．展覽→exhibition n．展覽
7．express v．表達(dá)→expression n．表現(xiàn)；表達(dá)
8．realise vt.領(lǐng)悟；了解；實現(xiàn)；實行→realistic adj.現(xiàn)實主義的；寫實主義的→ reality n．真實；現(xiàn)實；逼真

1.前綴a-表語形容詞大全
①alive　 　　　　　　 有活力的
②asleep　　 睡著的
③awake 醒著的
④afraid 害怕的
⑤alone 單獨的
⑥ashamed 羞愧的
2.否定前綴un-形容詞一覽
①unusual　　　　　　 不尋常的
②unfit　 不合適的
③uncomfortable 不舒服的
④unfriendly 不友善的
⑤unfortunate 不幸的
⑥unsuccessful 不成功的
3.名詞＋－al→形容詞
①traditional　　　 傳統(tǒng)的
②natural　 自然的
③cultural 文化的
④magical 有魔力的
⑤educational 教育的
⑥musical 音樂的
(二)重點短語——記牢用活
1．be/get__tired__of　　　　　　　 對……厭煩
2．be__fond__of 喜歡；喜愛
3．tell__by 從……可以看出
4．put__off 推遲；延期
5．take__turns 輪流
6．a(chǎn)__series__of 一系列的
7．develop__an__interest__in 對……產(chǎn)生興趣

1.tell短語聊一聊
①tell by　　　　 從……可以看出
②tell...from... 辨別
③tell the truth 講真話
④tell...apart 將……分開
⑤tell a lie/lies 說謊
2.“be＋adj.＋of”短語薈萃
①be tired of　　　 對……厭煩
②be fond of 喜歡；喜愛
③be proud of 為……而自豪
④be afraid of 害怕……
⑤be aware of 意識到……
⑥be short of 短缺的
3.表示“推遲/耽擱”的詞匯小聚
①put off
②hold up
③delay
④postpone
⑤set back
(三)重點句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：consider＋sb./sth.＋(to be)adj./n.認(rèn)為……是……
This is a painting by the Spanish artist, Pablo Picasso, considered__to__be__the__greatest__western__artist of the twentieth century.
這是西班牙畫家巴勃羅·畢加索的一幅油畫，他被認(rèn)為是20世紀(jì)西方最偉大的畫家。
句型2：with＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語
Cubist artists painted objects and people, with__different__aspects__of__the__object__or__person__showing at the same time.
在描繪物體或人的時候，立體派畫家會同時展現(xiàn)對象的多個不同側(cè)面。
句型3：What do you make of...你認(rèn)為……怎么樣？
What__do__you__make__of (it)?
你認(rèn)為(它)怎么樣？
二、語境強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練
Ⅰ.語境填詞——根據(jù)提示寫出該詞的適當(dāng)形式
A．根據(jù)漢語提示寫出下列單詞
1．We must do something to keep the excellent tradition alive(有活力的) forever.
2．Robert can’t stand(忍受) catching the bus, so he always goes to work by bike.
3．The young man knew following others never made a unique writer, although he imitated(仿效) his idols in his very early works.
4．Her words touched me, and I suddenly realised(領(lǐng)悟) that family were the most important in the world.
5．When choosing a career, you should consider all the aspects(方面) of a job.
B．根據(jù)所給單詞寫出適當(dāng)形式
6．It is because of various colours that we have a colourful world. (colour)
7．The education program aiming(aim) to combine brain work with manual labor is being widely spread throughout the country.
8．With more forests being destroyed(destroy), huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.
9．If the teaching method is adopted(adopt), students will be more interested in English.
10．Jane Goodall spent about forty years observing(observe) and studying the chimps in the jungle.
Ⅱ.語境品詞——寫出加黑詞匯在語境中的意義
1．(2019·浙江卷6月)They became the hottest thing on the pop music scene in England.界；領(lǐng)域
2．(2019·天津卷)I’m talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.采取
3．(2019·浙江卷6月)Rock music consists of many different styles.風(fēng)格
4．(2018·江蘇卷)With a new farm bill to be debated in Congress, consumers must take a stand with young farmers.立場
Ⅲ.選詞成篇
tell by; all the time; be fond of; get tired of; take turns; put off; a series of
Mr. Smith is a famous writer and he writes 1.a__series__of works about country life. We can 2.tell__by his works that he 3.is__fond__of country life and 4.gets__tired__of city life. In order to finish his new writing, he even 5.puts__off going abroad.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．在2019年女排世界杯上中國隊被認(rèn)為是最好的球隊之一。
The Chinese national team was__considered__(to__be)__one__of__the__best__teams in 2019 Women’s Volleyball World Cup.
2．隨著冬天的來臨，天氣變得越來越冷了。
With__the__winter__approaching/drawing__near/coming,__it is becoming colder and colder.
3．你認(rèn)為昨晚上映的新電影怎么樣？
What__do__you__make__of the new film that was shown last night?

alive　adj.活著的；有活力的；有生氣的，活躍的
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——選詞填空(alive/live/living/lively)
I watched a ①live TV program, in which there was a ②lively boy liking all ③living things. He kept a ④live fish in a small jar. But later on he decided to free it and hoped to keep the fish ⑤living/alive in the river happily.
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑥(2018·全國卷Ⅲ)當(dāng)大猩猩和我相互恐嚇對方時，我很高興發(fā)現(xiàn)它們都還活著。
When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find__them__alive．
⑦店鋪的門一扇扇打開了，整個街又慢慢有了生氣。
Doors of stores opened one by one, and the neighbourhood slowly came__alive.
⑧他的幽默故事使這次會議的氣氛變得真正活躍起來。
His humorous story brought the atmosphere of the meeting really alive．

come alive　　　　　　 變得活躍起來
bring...alive 使……變得活躍
keep...alive 使……生存下去　
[易混辨析]
alive
作表語、補(bǔ)語或后置定語
除了表示“活著的”外，還表示“有活力的；有生氣的”
live
通常作前置定語
除了表示“活的”外，還表示“現(xiàn)場直播的”
living
作表語或定語
指“所有的生物”要用“all living things”；表示“活著的人”，要用“the living”
lively
作定語、表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語
既可指人，也可指物，意為“活潑的”“活躍的”“充滿生氣的”
observe　vt.& vi.看到，觀察，注意到；遵守(法律，習(xí)俗等)；慶祝(節(jié)日等)
[一詞多義]——寫出下列句中observe的含義
①(2019·天津卷)We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made an impact on our lives in many ways.觀察
②(江蘇卷)Therefore, rules should be worked out and strictly observed.遵守
③I’d like to tell you something about how we observe the Spring Festival.慶祝
④She observed her best friend walking on the opposite side of the road.注意到
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤當(dāng)我經(jīng)過他的房子時，我看到他正在院子里玩耍。
When I passed by his house, I observed__him__playing in the yard.
⑥剛才他被看到拿著一本書走進(jìn)了辦公室。
He was__observed__to__enter the office with a book in his hand just now.

observe sb. doing sth.　 看到某人正在做某事
observe sb.do sth. 看到某人做了某事
observe sb./sth. done 看到某人/物被……
[佳句背誦] Also known as Tomb-Sweeping Day, the Qingming Festival is usually observed around April 5 and is a time for honoring deceased family relatives. 　清明節(jié)，也就是人們熟知的掃墓日，通常在4月5日左右，人們常在這一天祭祀亡故的親人。
[名師點津] observe作“觀察； 注意”講時，可用省去to的動詞不定式或v.-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語； 但如果用于被動語態(tài)，省去的動詞不定式符號to要還原。類似的詞還有see, watch, notice, hear, feel，make等。
stand　vt.忍受；經(jīng)受　vi.站立；處于(某種狀態(tài))　n．看臺，立場；支架
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①(2018·天津卷)Suddenly I sensed a man standing(stand) behind me. “Where do you think you are？” he asked.
②She will have to find another job, for she can’t stand working(work) overtime any more.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③(湖南卷)多蘿西在我印象中很突出，她是在偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)活得很精彩的一個人。
Dorothy stands__out in my memory as one who “bloomed” in her remote area.
④在中國，中國結(jié)代表友誼、愛和好運。
In China, Chinese knotting stands__for friendship, love and good luck.

(1)can’t stand sth./(sb.) doing sth.
　　　　　　　　 不能忍受某事/(某人)做某事
(2)stand by　　　 袖手旁觀；支持(某人)
stand for 代表，象征
stand out 顯眼，突出
[名師點津] (1)stand意為“忍受”時，常與can，could連用，用于否定句和疑問句，其后常接名詞、代詞或動詞-ing形式；不能用于進(jìn)行時態(tài)。
(2)表示“忍受”的詞匯還有bear, endure, put up with。
put off　推遲；延期
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①(天津卷)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better.
②Considering your income, you should be able to put aside at least twenty dollars a week.
③Kathy, don’t be so discouraged. If you put away such feelings, you will do better next time.
④Jack couldn’t put up with the pressure of his work, so he chose to leave the company.

put forward　　 提出(意見、建議)
put on 穿上；上演
put away 放好(某物)，儲存
put up with 容忍，忍受
put down 放下；寫下；鎮(zhèn)壓
put aside 儲存……備用；留下……供專用
[佳句背誦] Never put off what you can do today till tomorrow.
今天能做的事絕不要拖到明天。
take turns　輪流，依次
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①At the meeting they took turns putting/to__put(put) forward a number of suggestions aiming to promote the reform of education system.
②It’s your turn to__clean(clean) the room and wash the dishes.
③We decided to clean our classroom by turns but now he has broken our agreement.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升級
④(普通表達(dá))People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, and this in__turn(反過來) creates more problems.
⑤(高級表達(dá))People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, which__in__turn__creates__more__problems．(非限制性定語從句)

(1)take turns doing/to do sth.　 輪流做某事
It’s one’s turn (to do sth.)
輪到某人(做某事)了。
(2)by turns 輪流著
in turn 反過來；依次
[佳句背誦] ①We will take turns speaking, so don’t all try to speak at once.
按次序發(fā)言，別搶話說。
②Work in pairs. Take turns to read out and answer the questionnaire.
兩人一組，輪流朗讀并回答問卷。

What do you make of...你認(rèn)為……怎么樣？
(教材原句)What do you make of (it)?
你認(rèn)為(它)怎么樣？
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①What do you think of the suggestion he has put forward in the meeting?
②How do you find Tokyo, the host city of the 2020 Olympic Games?
[能力提升]——完成句子
③他的演講我大部分都聽不懂，因為全是用俄語講的。
I couldn’t make__much__of his speech because it was all in Russian.
④如果沒有最好的，就充分利用現(xiàn)有的。
If you cannot have the best, make__the__best/most__of what you have.

(1)詢問某人對……有……看法的表達(dá)：
What do you make/think of...
What’s your opinion of...
How do you like/find...
(2)make something/nothing of
重視/輕視；理解/不理解
make much/little of 理解/幾乎不理解；器重/輕視
make the best/most of 　充分利用　
[佳句背誦] What do you make of the film you saw last night?
你認(rèn)為昨晚你看的那部電影怎么樣？

維度一　在空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式
1．The book was written on the basis of careful observations(observe) and detailed studies.
2．Paul’s mother had him adopted(adopt) because she couldn’t look after him.
3．(安徽卷)In the past hundred years, humans have begun destroying(destroy) rainforests in search of some major resources.
4．I can’t stand being__interrupted(interrupt) by others when I am talking.
5．Then a discussion will be held, aiming(aim) to improve mutual understanding.
維度二　在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~
1．—Have you heard the sports meeting might be put off?
—Yes, it all depends on the weather.
2．The professor could tell by the blank look in her eyes that she didn’t understand a single word.
3．When he was only six years old, Johnson developed an interest in painting.
4. Jack was tired of being interrupted, so he left the city secretly.
5. London is known for its rainy weather, so don’t forget to take an umbrella with you when going there.
維度三　派生詞練習(xí)
1．In reality,__I have realised that I must stop daydreaming and be realistic．(realise)
2．To our delight,__the delightful picture drawn by my brother made all the judges delighted,__so he got the first prize.(delight)
3．He expressed in his speech that he would support us and the expression on his face suggested that he meant what he said.(express)
4．After many years of observation,__he has observed that lions have their unique way to communicate.(observe)
5．Tom, an adopted child, was adopted at the age of four and his success in life was largely due to the adoption．(adopt)
6．It’s traditional for women to keep house at home, but many women have broken with tradition and are entering traditionally male jobs.(tradition)
維度四　易錯混用
1．她注意到有一個人正在路的對面行走。
She observed__a__man__walking on the opposite side of the way.
2．據(jù)報道，那個被認(rèn)為應(yīng)該為事故負(fù)責(zé)任的公交車司機(jī)在星期一被逮捕了。(過去分詞短語作后置定語)
It is reported that the driver of the bus, considered__to__be__responsible__for__the__accident,__was arrested on Monday.
3．你覺得新學(xué)校怎么樣？
①What__do__you__make__of the new school? (make)
②What__do__you__think__of the new school? (think)
③How__do__you__like the new school? (like)
④How__do__you__find the new school? (find)
4．她必須得找些別的工作，因為她再也不能忍受這樣大的噪音了。
①She will have to find some other work, for she can’t stand__this__loud__noise any more.(stand)
②She will have to find some other work, for she can’t bear__this__loud__noise any more.(bear)
③She will have to find some other work, for she can’t put__up__with__this__loud__noise any more.(put up with)

提能一　語段填空(短文中黑體部分為本模塊核心知識點，請補(bǔ)全短文，并背誦體會黑體部分用法)
One day, John was about to go to the art museum to enjoy a famous 1.painting(paint) when he heard loud barking 2.made(make) by the dog outside. John had a dislike for the dog so he couldn’t stand 3.it any longer. He walked out, 4.aiming(aim) to drive the dog away. But when he walked closer, he found a baby lying in the bushes beside the dog. He 5.observed(observe) it carefully and found the baby was still 6.alive(live). He was determined to put 7.off visiting the museum and send the baby to hospital immediately. To his 8.delight(delighted), the baby was all right. Seeing the baby’s smiling 9.expression(express), he felt really happy and decided 10.to__adopt(adopt) the baby.
提能二　話題寫作(用本模塊詞匯、句式和語法知識寫滿分作文)
假設(shè)你是李華，是你校學(xué)生會主席，在你校藝術(shù)節(jié)到來之際，請寫一篇短文介紹當(dāng)?shù)氐囊幻嫾?。要點如下：
①簡要介紹畫家；
②繪畫風(fēng)格；
③其他情況。
1．補(bǔ)全要點句(黑體部分請用本模塊所學(xué)詞匯)
①他被認(rèn)為是一位著名的畫家，他喜歡畫令人愉快的風(fēng)景畫。
He was__considered__to__be a well-known painter. He was__fond__of__drawing__delightful__landscape．
②人們能從他的繪畫中看出他觀察自然界很仔細(xì)。
People could tell__by his paintings that he observed__the__world__of__nature__carefully．
③為了使他的畫更有活力，他采用了一種寫實主義的繪畫風(fēng)格。
Aiming__to__make__his__paintings__more__alive,__he adopted__a__realistic__painting__style．
④盡管他不得不忍受他人的嘲笑，他相信他的夢想一定會實現(xiàn)。(動名詞作賓語)
Though he had to stand__being__laughed__at by others, he believed his__dream__would__be__realised．
⑤因為他的畫中展現(xiàn)了許多生動的場景，他大獲成功。
As vivid__scenes__were__shown in his paintings, he achieved great success.
2．升級平淡句
⑥用分詞作狀語升級句①
Considered__to__be__a__well-known__painter,__he__was__fond__of__drawing__delightful__landscape.
⑦用“with＋賓語＋賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)升級句⑤
With__vivid__scenes__shown__in__his__paintings,__he__achieved__great__success.
3．銜接成美文(注意用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^渡銜接詞匯：however，eventually)
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One possible version：
Considered to be a well-known painter, he was fond of drawing delightful landscape. People could tell by his paintings that he observed the world of nature carefully.
However, aiming to make his paintings more alive, he adopted a realistic painting style. Though he had to stand being laughed at by others, he believed his dream would be realised. Eventually, with vivid scenes shown in his paintings, he achieved great success.

(建議用時：35分鐘)
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
(2020·大連高三雙基測試)In Mark Turin’s article“Protecting Our Public Spaces” in issue 14, he claims that “all graffiti(涂鴉) is vandalism(故意破壞財物的行為), pure and simple, and offers no benefit to our public spaces”. I would like to point out that many people believe that graffiti is an art form that can benefit our public spaces just as much as sculptures, fountains, or other more accepted art forms.
People who object to graffiti usually do so more because of where it is, not what it is. They argue that posting graffiti in public places is considered an illegal act of property damage. But the location of such graffiti should not prevent the images themselves from being considered real art.
I would argue that graffiti is the most important public art form. Spray paint is a medium unlike any other. Through graffiti, the entire world has become a canvas(畫布). These works of art dotting the urban landscape are available, free of charge, to everyone who passes by.
To be clear, I do not consider random words or names sprayed on stop signs to be art. Plenty of graffiti is just vandalism, pure and simple. However, there is also graffiti that is breathtaking in its complex detail, its realism, or its creativity. It takes great talent to create such involved designs with spray paint. Are these creators not artists just because they use a can of spray paint instead of a paintbrush?
To declare that all graffiti is vandalism, and nothing more, is an overly simplistic statement. Furthermore, graffiti is not going anywhere, so we might as well find a way to live with it and enjoy its benefits. One option could be to make a percentage of public spaces open to graffiti artists. By doing this, the public might feel like part owners of these works of art, rather than just the victims of a crime.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇議論文。文章通過論述涂鴉與公共空間的關(guān)系，進(jìn)而探討涂鴉是否為藝術(shù)。作者認(rèn)為判斷其是否為藝術(shù)應(yīng)該根據(jù)涂鴉的質(zhì)量而非存在的地方。
1．Mark Turin apparently believes that graffiti ________．
A．is not an art form
B．is too simple to be considered art
C．can only sometimes be considered a work of art
D．should be restricted to places where it is allowed
A　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“In Mark Turin’s article ‘Protecting Our Public Spaces’ in issue 14, he claims that ‘a(chǎn)ll graffiti(涂鴉) is vandalism(故意破壞財物的行為), pure and simple, and offers no benefit to our public spaces’．”可知，Mark Turin顯然認(rèn)為涂鴉不是一種藝術(shù)形式。
2．The author argues that graffiti ________．
A．is the only art form that is free
B．is best viewed on public walls rather than canvases
C．provides more public benefits than sculptures do
D．should be judged on artistic qualities rather than places
D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)對全文的整體理解，尤其是第二段最后一句“But the location of such graffiti should not prevent the images themselves from being considered real art.”可知，作者認(rèn)為評價涂鴉應(yīng)該根據(jù)其藝術(shù)品質(zhì)而不是其所在地點。
3．The author concludes his passage by ________．
A．restating his position
B．questioning the magazine
C．offering an answer to the matter
D．identifying the benefits of graffiti
C　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容尤其是“One option could be to make a percentage of public spaces open to graffiti artists.”可推知，作者是通過提供一個解決辦法來結(jié)束文章的。
B
(2020·鄭州第一次質(zhì)量預(yù)測)

Are you a procrastinator(拖延者)? It’s a common problem. And it can be harmful, as previous research has shown that people who procrastinate have higher levels of stress and lower well-being, reported the Association for Psychological Science in the US. But a new study has found a way to deal with this problem: Be more connected to your future self.
Psychologists think that each person believes that they are really two people：“Present Me” and “Future Me”. “People act as if they prefer their current selves’ needs and desires to those of their future selves，” wrote psychologists Neil Lewis and Daphna Oyserman.
Oyserman and Lewis decided to try to find a way to make “Present Me” imagine exactly how “Future Me” would feel the night before a big paper was due, though “Present Me” hadn’t started yet. They made “Present Me” think about a far-off event a number of days away, not months or years.
Thinking about events in this__way meant that something like a friend’s wedding seemed 16.3 days sooner when considered in days rather than months and 11.4 months sooner when considered in months rather than years.
The researchers also tried to find out whether people would take action sooner if they were told a certain event was happening in several days rather than years. For example, participants imagined they had a newborn child, and that the child would need to go to college in either 18 years or 6，570 days. The researchers found those in the “days” condition planned to start saving four times sooner than those in the “years” condition.
So if you think of your life in days instead of years, you may get things done quicker.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文主要探究了一種應(yīng)對拖延癥的方法。
4．What did Oyserman and Lewis intend to do through their study?
A．To work on a solution to test if someone is a procrastinator.
B．To find out whether human beings usually have two different characters.
C．To discover procrastinators are more likely to have a lower sense of well-being.
D．To prove it’s helpful to connect our current selves more with future selves.
D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)對第三段的整體理解可知，Oyserman和Lewis想要通過他們的研究去驗證把“現(xiàn)在的我”和“將來的我”聯(lián)系起來是否會對應(yīng)對拖延癥有一定的幫助，故選D。
5．The underlined part “this way” in Paragraph 4 refers to “________”．
A．setting up tough deadlines
B．following schedules strictly
C．counting in smaller units of time
D．imagining how your future self will feel
C　解析：詞義猜測題。承接第三段最后一句“They made ‘Present Me’ think about a far-off event a number of days away, not months or years.”可推知，畫線部分是指用更小的時間單位去計量，故選C。
6．What helps prevent people from procrastinating?
A．Comparing their future selves with present selves.
B．Considering their current selves’ needs and desires.
C．Thinking about far-off events in days rather than years.
D．Marking important events on a calendar as a reminder.
C　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段的內(nèi)容以及最后一段“So if you think of your life in days instead of years, you may get things done quicker.”可推知，用天而不是用年去考慮將來所發(fā)生的事情會幫助拖延者不再拖延，故選C。
7．What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．A way to get things done in time.
B．The harmful effects of procrastination.
C．The reason to overlook future needs and desires.
D．The way to reduce stress and improve happiness.
A　解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“But a new study has found a way to deal with this problem: Be more connected to your future self.”，并結(jié)合對全文的整體理解可推知，本文主要探究了一種應(yīng)對拖延癥的方法，故選A。
Ⅱ.七選五
(2020·武漢調(diào)研測試)Many people struggle with saying “No”. 1.________ Remember, just because you can do something that does not mean it is required. Understand you always have a right to turn down an invitation or refuse a favor and figure out the best ways to say “No”. Here are some specific tips.
Give yourself permission to say no. Many people have an immediate reaction to say “Yes” when they’re asked to do someone a favor. Keep in mind, you are never required to say “Yes”. It’s actually okay to say “No” sometimes. Accept this as you prepare to say “No” to someone. 2.________
Set up your personal boundaries.3.________ However, that reason does not have to be concrete. Many people think if they can do something, they should. Your reason for saying “No” can be a simple matter of your own personal boundaries. Think about what boundaries you have, and accept the fact you’re allowed to stay true to them.
4．________ People often won’t take “No” for an answer. If you say “No” to people, they may give you various reasons to try and change your mind. Stay determined for your decision and do not give in easily.
Practice saying “No”. It may sound silly, but you can actually practice saying “No” alone. 5.________ Practice giving a firm “No” to someone so you get comfortable with the words. Many people are nervous about saying “No” and may say “Yes” due to anxiety. Practicing can help get rid of some of this anxiety.
A．This will help you say “No” with ease.
B．Be aware of potential persuasion techniques.
C．Find a good chance to stand in front of a crowd.
D．It’s always easier to say “No” if you have a reason.
E．Try standing before a mirror and looking at yourself.
F．It’s rather easy for you to set up your personal boundaries.
G．If someone asks you a favor, you may feel you have to say “Yes” .
【解題導(dǎo)語】　我們可以通過設(shè)定邊界、不斷訓(xùn)練等方式，勇敢地向他人說“不”。
1．G　解析：根據(jù)前一句的內(nèi)容可知，很多人總是苦苦掙扎，不敢說“不”。由此可推知，如果總是這樣的話，當(dāng)別人要請你幫忙的時候，你可能會感到你不得不說“可以”。故選G。
2．A　解析：本段講述的是要允許自己拒絕別人。很多人會不自覺地接受他人的請求，但是你并不是一定要對他人說“可以”，這是你的權(quán)利。記住這一點，將幫助你輕而易舉地拒絕別人。故選A。
3．D　解析：根據(jù)空后一句“However, that reason does not have to be concrete.”可知，D項“如果你有一個理由的話，說‘不’總是比較容易的”符合語境，故選D。
4．B　解析：空后三句講述的是，人們通常不會接受“不”的，他們會找種種理由勸你改變主意，因此我們要堅持自己的決定，不要輕易屈服。由此可推知，我們要知道他人的勸說技巧。故選B。
5．E　解析：本段講述的是要訓(xùn)練自己說“不”。該空前一句提到訓(xùn)練說“不”可能聽起來很愚蠢，但實際上你可以獨自去訓(xùn)練自己說“不”。由此可知E項“試著站在鏡子前，看著自己”符合語境，銜接上下文。
Ⅲ.語法填空
(2020·貴陽適應(yīng)性考試一)China’s space program has become the first 1.____________(land) a spacecraft on the so-called dark side of the moon. The landing on Thursday brought the country closer to its goal of becoming a space power.
Chang’e 4 sent a picture taken at 11：40 in the morning back to Earth. It shows small craters and 2.____________empty surface that appears to be 3.____________(light) by a light from the lunar explorer.
The name Chang’e comes from a subject of Chinese mythology that many Chinese believe 4.____________(live) on the moon for thousands of years.
The landing is an example of China’s 5.____________(grow) desire to compete with the American, Russian and European space 6.____________(program). China also wants to strengthen 7.____________(it) position.
Hou Xiyun is a professor at Nanjing University’s school of astronomy and space science. He told The Associated Press, “8.____________ the whole, China’s space technology still falls behind the West, but with the landing on the far side of the moon, we have raced to the front.”
He added that China plans to explore Mars, Jupiter and asteroids(小行星) in the future. “There’s no doubt 9.____________ our nation will go farther and farther，” he said.
In 2013, Chang’e 3 made the first moon landing since the former Soviet Union’s Luna 24 in 1976. The United States is the only country that has 10.____________(success) sent a person to the moon. But China is considering a crewed mission, as well.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇說明文，主要通過講述“嫦娥四號”登陸月球背面介紹了中國的太空探索發(fā)展?fàn)顩r。
1．to land　解析：考查非謂語動詞。the first to do sth.第一個做某事。故填to land。
2．a(chǎn)n　解析：考查冠詞。surface是可數(shù)名詞，且第一次在語境中出現(xiàn)，故用不定冠詞修飾，且empty的發(fā)音以元音音素開頭，故填an。
3．lit/lighted　解析：考查動詞的語態(tài)。根據(jù)空后的介詞“by”并結(jié)合語境可知，此處是被動結(jié)構(gòu)，即“be＋done”的形式，故填lit/lighted。
4．has lived　解析：考查動詞的時態(tài)和主謂一致。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，that引導(dǎo)定語從句，指代a subject，在從句中作主語，故此處應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式；且根據(jù)時間狀語for thousands of years可知，本句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時，故填has lived。
5．growing　解析：考查形容詞。growing 是形容詞，意為“增長的”，在句中作定語，修飾名詞desire。
6．programs　解析：考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。program是可數(shù)名詞，且其前無限定詞修飾，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填programs。
7．its　解析：考查代詞。此處應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞its修飾名詞position。
8．On　解析：考查介詞。on the whole是固定搭配，意為“大體上”，符合語境，故填On。
9．that　解析：考查固定用法。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處考查固定用法there is no doubt that，意為“毫無疑問”，故填that。
10．successfully　解析：考查副詞。修飾動詞應(yīng)用副詞，故填副詞successfully修飾其后的動詞sent，在句子中作狀語。


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