2020版高考英語新創(chuàng)新一輪復(fù)習(xí)譯林版講義：必修5Unit2Theenvironment-學(xué)案下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

一、課前基礎(chǔ)自查
(一)分類記單詞——省時高效

Ⅰ.閱讀單詞(知其意)
1．flow vi.　　　流，流動；流暢地進(jìn)行
n. 流動；連貫
2．clap vi.& vt. 鼓掌，拍手
3．a(chǎn)dministration n. 管理；管理部門；施行；(美國)政府
4．conservation n. (對自然環(huán)境的)保護(hù)
5．fuel n. 燃料
vt.& vi. 提供燃料；加油
6．businessman n. (尤指上層)商界人員；企業(yè)家
7．raw adj. 原始的，未經(jīng)加工或處理的
8．greedy adj. 貪婪的，貪心的
9．plant n. 工廠；發(fā)電廠
10．customs n. 海關(guān)；關(guān)稅
11．carbon n. 碳
12．vehicle n. 交通工具，車輛
13．engine n. 發(fā)動機(jī)，引擎
Ⅱ.重點單詞(寫其形)
1．debate n．& vi. 辯論；爭論，討論
2．recycle vi.& vt. 回收利用
3.quantity n. 　　　數(shù)量
4．conflict vi. 沖突，抵觸
n. 沖突；矛盾
5．willing adj. 愿意的，樂意的
6．decrease vt.& vi.& n．　減少
7．measure n. 措施，方法；尺度
vt. 測量；估量，判定
8．a(chǎn)ppreciate vt. 欣賞，贊賞；感激；領(lǐng)會
9．flood n. 洪水；大批，大量
vt.& vi. 泛濫；淹沒；大量涌入
10．decade n. 十年
11．range n. 范圍；一系列；山脈
vi. (在一定范圍內(nèi))變化；包括；排列，排序
12．particular adj. 專指的，特指的；特別的；講究的，挑剔的
13．a(chǎn)rrest vt.& n. 逮捕
14．credit n. 贊揚，稱贊，認(rèn)可；信用，信譽；學(xué)分
15．illegally adv. 非法地
16．goods n. 商品，貨品
17．a(chǎn)rrival n. 到來，抵達(dá)；到達(dá)者
Ⅲ.拓展單詞(通其變)
1．consultant n．顧問→consult vt.& vi.查閱；請教；商議
2．production n．產(chǎn)量；生產(chǎn)→produce vt.& vi.生產(chǎn)，制造→product n．產(chǎn)品；產(chǎn)物
3．responsibility n．責(zé)任，職責(zé)→responsible adj.負(fù)責(zé)的；盡責(zé)的
4．belief n．看法；信念→believe vt.相信
5．environmental adj.環(huán)境的→environment n．環(huán)境→environmentally adv.有關(guān)環(huán)境的
6．operate vt.& vi.經(jīng)營；動手術(shù)→operation n．操作；經(jīng)營；手術(shù)→operator n．操作員；話務(wù)員
7．impress vt.使印象深刻→impression n．印象→impressive adj.給人深刻印象的
8．electrical adj.電的，用電的→electric adj.電的；用電的；能發(fā)電的→electricity n．電；電學(xué)；電流
9．consume vt.消耗，耗費；消費→consumer n．消費者，用戶，顧客→consumption n．消費
10．a(chǎn)bsorb vt.吸收；理解；使全神貫注→absorbed adj.全神貫注的；一心一意的；被吸收的→absorption n．專注；吸收
[語境活用]
1．This month, they have increased production and produced twice as many products as they did last month.(produce)
2．We should be responsible for what we did and be a man with a sense of responsibility.(responsible)
3．The parents decided to have the doctor operate on their son's head and the operation will have been arranged next week.(operate)
4．I always hold the belief that we must believe in ourselves and our fate is in our own hand.(believe)
5．My parents often impressed the importance of honesty on me when I was young, which leaves a deep impression on me.(impress)
6．Good natural environment is vital to us. We shouldn't sacrifice environmental protection to promote economic growth.(environment)
7．Experts advise consumers not to buy more groceries until they've already been consumed. This is called rational consumption.(consume)
8．Absorbed in his writing, the writer always forgets to eat and sleep. His absorption in work is admirable.(absorb)

(二)練中記短語——記牢用活
寫準(zhǔn)記牢
語境活用(選用左欄短語填空)
1.open_the_floor　　　　　　　　自由發(fā)言
2．cut_back_on 減少，削減，縮減
3．use_up 用盡
4．run_out_(of) 用完，耗盡
5．clean_up 打掃(或清除)干凈
6．queue_up 排隊等候
7．pick_out 找出，挑選
8．under_way 進(jìn)行中
9．in/with_regard_to 關(guān)于，至于
10．let_off 排放，釋放
11．in_particular 尤其，特別
12．do_one's_part 盡自己的職責(zé)
13．result_in 導(dǎo)致
14．rely_on_..._for_... 依賴……提供……
15．a(chǎn)sk_around 四處打聽
16．blame_..._on_... 把……歸咎于……
17．put_..._in_danger 把……置于危險之地
18．in_use 在使用中
1.As you cut_back_on the amount of caffeine you consume, you may find yourself feeling tired.
2．I went along thinking of nothing in_particular only looking at things around me.
3．After the mid-term exam, the students decided to go on an outing to let_off stress.
4．Once the non-renewable resources are used_up,_nothing can replace them.
5．I'm going to pick_out a few books to send to several friends in South China.
6．What are your future plans with/in_regard_to both higher education and employment?
7．The yearly campaign to raise funds for the Red Cross is already under_way.
8．Please queue_up for a ticket. Do not jump the queue.
9．The fuel had almost run_out and was forced to break into a filling station.
10．An increase in cars has resulted_in the decline of public transport.

(三)仿寫明句式——以用為本
教材原句
句式解讀
句式仿寫
1.With me are Ms Lin Shuiqing, from the Green Society, and Mr Qian Liwei, a business development consultant.
和我一起的，一位是來自綠色地球協(xié)會的林水清女士，另一位是商業(yè)發(fā)展顧問錢力偉先生。
表示處所或方位的介詞短語位于句首，且主語為名詞時，句子使用完全倒裝。
在我們的教學(xué)樓前面矗立著兩棵大樹，它們使得我們的校園更加美麗。
In front of the teaching building stand_two_big_trees,_which add to the beauty of our school.
2.The world's population has grown by six times what it was in 1800.
世界人口比1800年已經(jīng)增長了六倍。
倍數(shù)表達(dá)法：倍數(shù)＋what從句。
(2017·天津高考寫作佳句)現(xiàn)在全運會的運動員人數(shù)是十年前的兩倍多。
Nowadays the number of the athletes in the National Games is twice_what_it_was ten years ago.
3.I liked it when you told that joke.
我喜歡你講的那個笑話。
like it ＋ when從句。
(2016·天津高考單選改編)我不喜歡她在我工作時給我打電話——我總是太忙了，不能跟她交談。
I hate_it_when she calls me at work — I'm always too busy to carry on a conversation with her.
4.Therefore, the more petrol and electricity we consume, the more carbon we are letting off.
因此，我們消耗的汽油和電越多，排放的碳就越多。
“the＋比較級 ..., the ＋比較級 ...”表示“越……，越……”。
你睡覺前攝入的脂肪越多，在晚上就對你的身體造成越大的負(fù)擔(dān)。
The_more_fat you take in before bedtime, the_greater_burden you will put on your body at night.

二、課堂重點深化

1．responsibility n．責(zé)任，職責(zé)
　[自主體驗]
單句語法填空
①Last but not least, it's everyone's responsibility to_make (make) good use of water.
②There is no doubt that we human beings should be responsible for the global warming.
完成句子
③If you serve your community, you will grow up to be a good citizen with a_strong_sense_of_responsibility (強(qiáng)烈的責(zé)任感)．
④We should motivate the students into taking_the_responsibility_for (為……負(fù)責(zé)) their own work.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)have the/(a) responsibility to do ...　有責(zé)任/有義務(wù)做……
bear/take (on) the responsibility for 承擔(dān)對……的責(zé)任，為……負(fù)責(zé)
a sense of responsibility　責(zé)任感
(2)responsible adj. 有責(zé)任的，應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任的
be responsible for 應(yīng)對……負(fù)責(zé)；對……有責(zé)任
　[重點強(qiáng)化]
易錯處處防
⑤As we all know, the police are responsible with the preservation of law and order.with→for
佳句時時寫
⑥(2011·江西高考書面表達(dá))因此，讓我們通過騎自行車來承擔(dān)起建設(shè)低碳城市的責(zé)任。
Therefore,_let's_take_the_responsibility_for_building_up_a_low-carbon_city_by_riding_bicycles.
2．operate vt.經(jīng)營，管理；操作vi.動手術(shù)；運轉(zhuǎn)；見效，起作用
　[自主體驗]
寫出下列句中operate的含義
①People were trapped between floors because the lift didn't operate properly.運轉(zhuǎn)
②It's too difficult for him to operate this new complex machine.操作
③My father is a doctor. He operated on a patient on the head last night.動手術(shù)
④The medicine will quickly operate on such patients.起作用
⑤They operate three factories and a huge warehouse.經(jīng)營
完成句子
⑥It is said that some new rules will_come/go_into_operation_next_month (將于下個月生效)．
⑦Protective clothing must be worn when_the_machine_is_in_operation (當(dāng)機(jī)器在運轉(zhuǎn)時)．
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)operate on sb. (for ...)　　 (因某病)給某人動手術(shù)
(2)operation n. 運轉(zhuǎn)，運行；操作
come/go into operation 生效，實行
be in operation 運轉(zhuǎn)中，實施中
operator n. 操作員；接線員

　[重點強(qiáng)化]
易錯處處防
⑧The woman was walking back and forth outside the operation room, because her son was being operated.operated后加on
佳句時時寫
⑨(2009·江蘇高考書面表達(dá))對于大多數(shù)人來說，沒有鼠標(biāo)操作電腦幾乎是不可能的，更不用說上網(wǎng)了。
For_most_people,_it's_almost_impossible_to_operate_a_computer_without_a_mouse,_let_alone_surf_the_Internet.

3．impress vt.使印象深刻；使銘記，使牢記
　[自主體驗]
單句語法填空
①It is especially important to make a good first impression (impress) at a job interview.
②Among his many good qualities, punctuality is the most impressive (impress) one.
③The little boy impressed me with his big and bright eyes the first time I saw him.
完成句子
④The new teacher made/left_a_good_impression_on/upon (給……留下好印象) the students by her rich knowledge and humorous talk.
⑤We will be_impressed_with/at/by (對……印象深刻) the newly learnt words only if they are frequently used in everyday communication.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)impress sb. with sth.　　　某事給某人留下深刻印象
impress sth. on/upon sb./one's memory (mind)
使某人對某事有印象/使某人銘記某事
be impressed with/by/at ... 對……印象深刻
(2)impression n. 印象
leave/make an impression on sb.　給某人留下印象
(3)impressive adj. 令人贊嘆的；令人難忘的
　[重點強(qiáng)化]
易錯處處防
⑥D(zhuǎn)eeply impressed on its beauty, I fell in love with Guilin.on→by
佳句時時寫
⑦(2016·天津高考書面表達(dá))給我們印象最深的是你們的藝術(shù)技巧，顯示出了你們過人的天賦。
What_impressed_us_most_are_your_art_skills,_in_which_you_showed_outstanding_talent.
4．decrease vt.& vi.& n．減少
　[自主體驗]
完成句子
①Last year the number of independent firms decreased_from_198_to_96 (從198家減少到96家)．
②To be frank with you, the number of the people who drive after drinking is on_the_decrease (在減少)．
③The traffic accidents in the city decreased_by_30% (減少了30%) last year.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)decrease to　　　　　　　減少到
decrease by 減少了
decrease from ... to ... 從……減少到……
(2)on the decrease 在減少
　[重點強(qiáng)化]
易錯處處防
④With the development of society, the number of cyclists running traffic lights is on decrease. on后加the
佳句時時寫
⑤(2015·江蘇高考書面表達(dá))說實話，違反交通規(guī)則的人正在減少。
Honestly_speaking,_people_who_break_traffic_rules_are_on_the_decrease.

5．measure n．措施，方法；尺度vt.測量；估量，判定 vi.(指尺寸、長、寬、高等)量度為
　[自主體驗]
寫出下列句中measure的含義
①We must pay attention to these problems and take effective measures to solve them. 措施
②This line measures four times as long as that one. 量度為
③It seemed as if the suit was made to his own measure. 尺度
④It's difficult to measure the success of the campaign at this stage.估量
⑤Did you measure the distance between the two development zones？測量
單句語法填空
⑥Education shouldn't be measured purely by/in examination results.
⑦In the old days, my mother always made new clothes to my own measure with the Spring Festival coming.

　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)be measured by/in　　　　　用……來衡量/計算
(2)take measures/steps/action to do sth. 采取措施做某事
make ... to sb.'s measure 按某人的尺寸做……
　[重點強(qiáng)化]
易錯處處防
⑧The new bridge under construction, measured twice as long as the old one, is due to be completed next month.measured→measuring
佳句時時寫
⑨(2013·重慶高考書面表達(dá))它們的數(shù)量不足1 000只，因此我希望你們能采取一些有效措施來保護(hù)它們。
The_number_of_them_is_less_than_1,000,_so_I_hope_you_can_take_some_effective_measures_to_protect_them.
[名師指津]　measure作名詞表示“措施”時，常用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。作動詞表示“有……長/寬/高”時，為不及物動詞，不用于被動語態(tài)和進(jìn)行時態(tài)；若表示此意義的短語作后置定語時，要用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。
6．range n．(變動)范圍，幅度；一系列；分類；射程；山脈vt.& vi.(在一定范圍內(nèi))變化；包括；排列，排序
　[自主體驗]
寫出下列句中range的含義
①The houses are sold out within this price range.范圍
②Between Italy and France, there is a mountain range called the Alps.山脈
③The temperature of this city ranges from 0℃to 30℃. (在一定范圍內(nèi))變化
④The company manufactures a range of innovative light-weight cycles.一系列
⑤These missiles have a range of 300 miles.射程
單句語法填空
⑥When driving on expressways, the driver must control his or her speed within/in range of 60km/h and 120km/h.
⑦The price of the house is so high that it is well beyond our range.
完成句子
⑧I have_a_wide_range_of_hobbies (愛好廣泛), including reading, keeping a diary, playing balls with friends and so on.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)in/within range (of sth.)　　　在(……的)范圍內(nèi)
beyond/out of range (of sth.) 在(……的)范圍外
a range of 一系列的
(2)range from ... to ... ＝range between ... and ...
　　　　　　　　　　在……和……范圍內(nèi)變化
　[重點強(qiáng)化]
易錯處處防
⑨Our university offers different kinds of courses ranged from cookery to computing. ranged→ranging
佳句時時寫
⑩(2013·遼寧高考書面表達(dá))除了這些傳統(tǒng)活動，我們還有更廣泛的選擇，例如旅行和拜訪我們的親戚或朋友。
In_addition_to_these_traditional_activities,_we_have_a_wider_range_of_choices_such_as_travelling_and_visiting_our_relatives_or_friends.

7．a(chǎn)ppreciate vt.欣賞，贊賞；感謝；領(lǐng)會，理解
　[自主體驗]
單句語法填空
①We'd appreciate your leaving (leave) as fast as possible.
②I really appreciate it if you could give me such an opportunity to show my talent.
③Here I sincerely express my appreciation (appreciate) if you could help find the lost suitcase.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)appreciate＋n./pron./v.-ing 欣賞/感激……
I would appreciate it if ... 假如……，我將不勝感激
(2)appreciation n. 欣賞；感激
　[重點強(qiáng)化]
易錯處處防
④I would appreciate very much if you could check the contents and format for me. appreciate后加it
佳句時時寫
⑤(2017·全國卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))如果你能在方便時盡快回復(fù)我的信件我將不勝感激。
I'll_appreciate_it_if_you_can_reply_to_my_letter_at_your_earliest_convenience.
[名師指津]　(1)appreciate表示“感激”時，后面跟動詞-ing形式作賓語；appreciate后的賓語可以是sth.或形式賓語it，但不跟sb.作賓語，如果表示“感激某人”則用thank sb.。
(2)當(dāng)appreciate, hate, dislike, love, like, depend/rely on等后接賓語從句時，一般先加it，再接賓語從句。
8．particular adj.專指的，特指的；特別的；講究的，挑剔的
　[自主體驗]
單句語法填空
①It was a good concert — I enjoyed the last song in particular.
②Steve was in a particularly (particular) bad mood when he got back.
③Mary is going on a diet, so she is very particular about_food.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)be particular about　　　　對……講究/挑剔
in particular 尤其，特別
(2)particularly adv. 尤其，特別
　[重點強(qiáng)化]
易錯處處防
④As you mentioned that you are particular keen on traditional magical novels with superb fantasy, I do recommend Journey to the West to you.particular→particularly
佳句時時寫
⑤(2009·廣東高考書面表達(dá))他特別提醒我們，如何握筆也與近視有關(guān)。
He_reminded_us_in_particular_that_how_to_hold_a_pen_is_also_related_to_short-sightedness.
9．a(chǎn)bsorb vt.吸收(氣體、液體、熱、光等)；使全神貫注；理解
　[自主體驗]
寫出下列句中absorb的含義
①This work had absorbed him for several years, and finally he won a good reputation for his work.使全神貫注
②Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air and moisture from the soil.吸收

單句語法填空
③This kind of cream is easily absorbed into skin, which is a good seller this year.
④Absorbed (absorb) in his work, he didn't hear what I said.
⑤The novel was so absorbing (absorb) that she read on without a break.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)absorb/attract/draw one's attention　　吸引某人的注意
absorb ... into ... 把……吸收進(jìn)……
absorb oneself in ... 全神貫注于
(2)absorbed adj. 全神貫注的
(be/get) absorbed in (doing) sth. 全神貫注于……
absorbing adj. 十分吸引人的，引人入勝的
　[重點強(qiáng)化]
僻義牢牢記
⑥There's a lot of information to absorb all at once.理解，掌握
佳句時時寫
⑦(2015·福建高考書面表達(dá))一縷微弱的光線從墻上的小孔中透過來，他正在專心致志地讀書。
A_weak_ray_of_light_came_in_through_a_small_hole_in_the_wall_and_he_absorbed_himself_in/was_absorbed_in_his_reading.
[名師指津]　be absorbed in (doing) sth.結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語、定語時，常用其過去分詞形式absorbed in ...。用法類似的還有：
be lost in ...　　　　　　陷入……；專心致志于……
be caught/trapped in ... 被困在……
be buried in ... 埋頭于……
be devoted to ... 致力于……；專心于……
be occupied in ... 忙于……
be involved in ... 專注于……

1．cut back on 減少，削減，縮減
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
cut across/through　　抄近路穿過
cut in 插嘴，打斷(談話)
cut off 切斷(供應(yīng))，中斷(電話通話等)；斷絕
cut down 砍倒，削減，裁小
cut up 切碎
　[重點強(qiáng)化]
用法條條清(選用上述短語填空)
①We cut_back_on spending, which meant learning a whole new way of living.
②It is impolite of children to cut_in when their seniors are talking.
③The water supply has been cut_off temporarily because the workers are repairing one of the main pipes.
④Many big trees along the road have been cut_down for building houses, many of the branches of which have been cut_up for firewood.
佳句時時寫
⑤(2013·江蘇高考書面表達(dá))應(yīng)立即采取行動，例如停止砍伐樹木以改善環(huán)境。
Immediate_actions_should_be_taken,_like_stopping_cutting_down_trees_to_better_the_environment.
2．run out (of)用完，耗盡
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
run into　　　　　　　撞進(jìn)；遭遇；達(dá)到
run across 偶然遇到；穿過
run after 追求；追趕，追逐
run away 逃離；突然離開
run for 競選；趕快去請
　[重點強(qiáng)化]
用法條條清(選用上述短語填空)
①The taxi ran_into the bike and the man on the bike was thrown off.
②We have already run_out_of money and I don't know what to do next.
③I ran_across an old friend of mine in the street, whom I haven't seen for years.
④The sudden appearance of a policeman caused the thief to run_away.
⑤If you run_after two hares, you'll catch neither.
佳句時時寫
⑥(2013·天津高考書面表達(dá))今天我很高興有機(jī)會競選英語俱樂部的副主席。
Today_I_am_very_glad_to_have_the_chance_to_run_for_the_vice_president_of_the_English_Club.
[名師指津]　run out of＝use up表主動意義，主語一般是人；run out＝be used up表被動意義，主語通常是物。
3．pick out 找出，挑選；辨認(rèn)出，區(qū)分；領(lǐng)會，弄明白
　[自主體驗]
寫出下列句中pick out的含義
①She was picked out from dozens of applicants for the job.挑選
②There were so many people at the conference that I couldn't pick him out.辨認(rèn)出
③Having read the passage many times, I finally picked out its main idea.領(lǐng)會
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
pick up　拿起，撿起；收拾，整理；(偶然)學(xué)會；用車接；收聽到；好轉(zhuǎn)；感染
pick one's pocket扒竊；掏包
　[重點強(qiáng)化]
用法條條清(完成句子)
④My friend began to pick_up after staying in hospital for several days.
在醫(yī)院待了幾天后，我的朋友開始好轉(zhuǎn)。
⑤On the way home, he_found_his_pocket_picked.
在回家的路上，他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的錢包被扒竊了。
易錯對對碰(pick up/pick out)
⑥He picked_up some French while he was away on a business trip in Paris.
⑦He looked at the photo and picked_out the face of his old friend.
佳句時時寫
⑧(2013·全國卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))我在想你是否能去機(jī)場接他。
I_am_wondering_whether_you_can_pick_him_up_at_the_airport.
4．it作形式賓語
　[教材原句]　I liked it when you told that joke.
　[自主體驗]
①We dislike/hate_it that you have to leave us.
我們不愿意讓你離開我們。
②I don't like_it_when the weather gets really cold.
當(dāng)天氣變得太冷的時候我就不喜歡了。
③I prefer_it_that you don't talk with your mouth full.
我寧愿你不要嘴里塞滿食物時說話。
　[歸納點撥]
用法規(guī)則
在表示喜愛、憎惡之類的動詞后面常常不直接加賓語從句，而要先接形式賓語it，然后再接真正的賓語從句，這樣的動詞有appreciate, enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer等。
注意事項
一些動詞短語后面也常用it作形式賓語，然后接真正的賓語從句，常見的動詞短語有：depend on, rely on, see to (確保)等。

　[佳句背誦]
①(增分要點句)(2018·全國卷Ⅰ寫作佳句)The host will like it if you have learned to use chopsticks.
②(精彩收尾句)(2018·天津高考滿分作文)I would appreciate it if you could give us some advice on how to improve our robots.

Ⅰ.單詞拼寫
1．I appreciated (欣賞) your generosity in the matter.
2．The government has announced a package of measures (措施) to help the British film industry.
3．Toy sales peaked just before Christmas and now are decreasing (減少)．
4．There are, of course, questions which she will not be willing (愿意) to answer.
5．Imbalance in global development has widened.International and local conflicts (沖突) keep breaking out.
6．The trees on the mountains within my range (范圍) of vision had all been felled.
7．He is very particular (挑剔的) about the materials for the decoration.
8．We debated (辯論) for several hours on it before taking a vote.
9．If we learn to recycle (回收利用) materials, our natural resources will last longer.
10．This medicine is poisonous if taken in large quantities (數(shù)量)．
11．She gets so absorbed (全神貫注的) in doing something that she is unaware of things happening round her.
12．Since the new management system was put into effect, the production (產(chǎn)量) of this factory has increased greatly.
13．The court feels it has a responsibility (責(zé)任) to ensure that customers are not misled.
14．Land may not be sold, leased, mortgaged (抵押) or illegally (非法地) transferred by any other means.
15．I had always impressed (使印象深刻) upon the children that if they worked hard they would succeed in life.
Ⅱ.單句語法填空
1．My brother has a firm belief in the value of cold bath.
2．Under the good care of the nurses, the boy is gradually recovering from his heart operation (operate)．
3．The exchange program between the UK and China may affect various schools ranging (range) from kindergartens to high schools.
4．I'd appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
5．Please sum up very briefly and then we'll open the floor for questions and answers.
6．She loves the song in particular, because her mother used to sing it.
7．Production (product) of computers has increased double in the last few weeks.
8．One of the questions under debate over education in many colleges is whether education is a lifetime study.
9．Some countries have decided to cut back on the number of army, which surprises the world.
10．This picture was taken twenty years ago. I wonder if you can pick out my younger brother.
11．In the future, care for the environment will become very important as earth's natural resources run out.
Ⅲ.單句改錯
1．I hold the firm belief only when everybody makes an effort can our society be warmer and more harmonious.belief后加that
2．The classroom measured 30 feet long and 20 feet wide is used as a shelter for the survivors.measured→measuring
3．Absorbing in his writing, the writer forgot to flick the ashes from his cigar. Absorbing→Absorbed
4．Large quantities of sand was washed down the hillside by the rain.was→were
5．Their account of the event was in the conflict with ours.去掉第二個the
6．The doctor operated the patient at once and saved his life.operated后加on
7．Food supplies in the flood-stricken area are running out of.We must act immediately before there's none left.去掉of
8．I really appreciate work with someone who does such a good job.work→working
9．The earlier you set about your work, the soon you will finish it.soon→sooner
10．I am pleased with the results, and one for particular I reckon is as good as I can do.for→in

Ⅳ.完成句子
1．He feels that the media should_be_more_responsible_for what they report.
他覺得媒體應(yīng)該對他們報道的內(nèi)容更負(fù)責(zé)任些。
2．I_dislike_it_when I am left alone to start a conversation with a stranger.
我不喜歡被單獨留下來和陌生人談話。
3．He was_so_absorbed_in working on problems that he forgot his surroundings.
他全神貫注于做題以至于忘記了周圍的環(huán)境。
4．They call on people and the government to_take_measures_to_fight_against the river pollution.
他們號召人們和政府采取措施來與河流污染作斗爭。
5．The_more_exercise you take, the_stronger you are.
你鍛煉得越多，身體就越強(qiáng)壯。
6．The production is now three_times_what_it_was ten years ago.
現(xiàn)在的產(chǎn)量是十年前的三倍。
7．Attached_to_the_envelope was a beautiful stamp.
貼在信封上的是一枚精美的郵票。

本單元語篇話題與新課程主題語境“人與自然”中的“人與環(huán)境”子話題相對應(yīng)
一、話題語素積累多一點
子話題——人與環(huán)境
(一)淺易詞匯溫一溫
①environment?、趕urroundings　 ③rubbish　 ④survival
⑤creature ⑥wildlife ⑦species ⑧atmosphere
⑨pollution ⑩dirt ?haze ?crowded
?proper ?noisy ?serious ?harmful
?confident ?pollute ?forbid ?permit
punish reduce prevent survive
protect increase threaten save
recycle operate debate
(二)生疏詞匯記一記
①waste n．廢料；垃圾　　　　　 ②emission n．排放
③substance n．物質(zhì) ④habitat n．棲息地
⑤ecology n．生態(tài)，生態(tài)學(xué) ⑥r(nóng)adiation n．輻射；放射物
⑦concern n．憂慮；擔(dān)心 ⑧resource n．資源
⑨destruction n．破壞，毀壞 ⑩smelly adj.有臭味的
?endangered adj.瀕危的 ?extinct adj.滅絕的
?eco-friendly adj.環(huán)保的 ?substitute vt.取代
?decline n．降低；下降 ?conserve v．保護(hù)，保存
?advocate vt.擁護(hù)，支持，提倡
?environmentally friendly adj.環(huán)保的
(三)常用詞塊憶一憶
①carbon dioxide　　　　　　　二氧化碳
②greenhouse effect 溫室效應(yīng)
③nuclear energy/power 核能
④let off waste gas 排放廢氣
⑤be/live in harmony with 與……和諧共處
⑥prevent/protect ... from 阻止/保護(hù)……
⑦h(yuǎn)ave a(n) ... effect on ... 對……有……影響
⑧make proper use of 合理利用
⑨keep the balance of ... 保持……的平衡
⑩attach great importance to 十分重視
?be/become aware of 意識到
?on account of 因為，由于
?use up/run out of 用光，耗盡
?raise the awareness of 喚醒……的意識
?live a low-carbon life 過低碳生活
?call on/appeal to sb.to do sth. 號召/呼吁某人做某事
?there is no denying/doubt that ... 毫無疑問，毋庸置疑
?do harm to ... /be harmful to ... 對……有害
?green product 綠色環(huán)保產(chǎn)品
?be replaced with/by 被……代替
lead to/contribute to 導(dǎo)致，造成
(四)寫作佳句背一背
①Plenty of rubbish and waste water are being poured into the rivers; as a consequence, water sources have become badly polluted.
②There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activities that have caused this global warming.
③Having realized the great harm caused by the haze and the importance of protecting the environment, people all over the country are taking measures to reduce the hazy weather.

二、話題書面表達(dá)亮一點

荒漠化問題在全世界日益嚴(yán)重。請根據(jù)下表要點以“Fighting against desertification”為主題設(shè)計一則海報。
問題
全球荒漠化的面積占整個地球陸地面積的1/4
原因
濫砍濫伐；氣候變暖等
倡議
植樹造林；呼吁人們提高環(huán)保意識……
注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；
2．標(biāo)題和署名已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。
Fighting against desertification

The Students' Union
[寫作4步走]
第一步：句寫對——給詞寫句

desertification, threaten, in many ways, land surface, be replaced with, lead to, phenomenon, without doubt, suffer, destruction, call on sb. to do sth., plant trees, take the responsibility, promote people's awareness, environmental protection, take an active part in　　
1．沙漠化在很多方面威脅著我們。
Desertification_has_threatened_us_in_many_ways.
2．全球大約四分之一的陸地面積已經(jīng)被沙漠取代。
About_one_fourth_of_the_world's_land_surface_has_been_replaced_with_deserts._
3．許多因素導(dǎo)致了這一現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生，例如濫砍濫伐、氣候變暖等。
Many_factors_have_led_to_the_phenomenon，such_as_illegal_cutting,_global_warming_and_so_on.
4．毫無疑問，我們的環(huán)境將受到更大的破壞。
Our_environment_will_without_doubt_suffer_a_greater_destruction.
5．以下措施可防止進(jìn)一步荒漠化。
The_following_measures_may_stop_further_desertification.
6．政府應(yīng)當(dāng)號召人們多栽樹。
The_government_should_call_on_people_to_plant_more_trees.
7．我們年輕人應(yīng)該承擔(dān)起責(zé)任。
We_young_people_should_take_the_responsibility.
8.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)提高人們的環(huán)保意識。
We_should_promote_people's_awareness_of_the_environmental_protection.
9．讓我們積極參加這些活動吧！
Let's_take_an_active_part_in_these_activities!

第二步：量寫夠——語句擴(kuò)充
10．在句1中加入并列謂語“變得更加嚴(yán)重”。
Desertification_has_gone_from_bad_to_worse_and_threatened_us_in_many_ways.
11．在句4中加入條件狀語從句“如果任由這種情況持續(xù)下去”。
Our_environment_will_without_doubt_suffer_a_greater_destruction_if_we_let_this_situation_continue_as_it_is.

第三步：語寫美——詞句升格
12．用高級詞匯contributed_to升格句3中的led to, 然后加入主句“A survey shows that”將本句升級為復(fù)合句。
A_survey_shows_that_many_factors_have_contributed_to_the_phenomenon,_such_as_illegal_cutting,_global_warming_and_so_on.
13．用“There is no doubt that”句式改寫句11。
There_is_no_doubt_that_our_environment_will_suffer_a_greater_destruction_if_we_let_this_situation_continue_as_it_is.
14．用非謂語動詞合并句7和句8。
We_young_people_should_take_the_responsibility_to_promote_people's_awareness_of_the_environmental_protection.

第四步：篇連順——銜接成文
用in recent years， on the one hand， on the other hand等銜接詞連句成文
Fighting against desertification
In_recent_years,_desertification_has_gone_from_bad_to_worse_and_threatened_us_in_many_ways._About_one_fourth_of_the_world's_land_surface_has_been_replaced_with_deserts.
A_survey_shows_that_many_factors_have_contributed_to_the_phenomenon,_such_as_illegal_cutting,_global_warming_and_so_on._There_is_no_doubt_that_our_environment_will_suffer_a_greater_destruction_if_we_let_this_situation_continue_as_it_is.
The_following_measures_may_stop_further_desertification._On_the_one_hand,_the_government_should_call_on_people_to_plant_more_trees._On_the_other_hand,_we_young_people_should_take_the_responsibility_to_promote_people's_awareness_of_the_environmental_protection._Let's_take_an_active_part_in_these_activities!
The_Students'_Union

Ⅰ.根據(jù)提示填空
My aim in life is ?to_save (save) the environment for future generations. I want to become an ?environmental (environment) consultant after I graduate. Too many people think that ?pollution (pollute) cannot be stopped if we want the country to develop. But that is not true. We can cut back on dangerous and ?dirty (dirt) waste from factories. Even though a factory produces a large quantity of goods, it does not mean that it has to pump a lot of pollution into the environment.
I want to teach people to buy products that have been ?recycled (回收) as well. This is much better for the environment, because it means we do not need to cut down too many trees. Companies and businesses can still ?operate (經(jīng)營), but the Earth will not have to suffer.
There is no ?debating (debate) that we also have a problem with population. The number of people in the world keeps growing, and we are producing more rubbish and using up more ?raw_materials (原材料). What if they run out? I am ?confident (confidence) that if we are all willing to work together, we can overcome these challenges and keep the Earth clean and healthy (health)．
Ⅱ.片段選詞填空
pollute， arouse， haze， concern， damage， reduce， protect， have a bad effect on， make joint efforts， pour into， run out， take measures， as a consequence， global warming

We human beings have caused great ?damage to our environment, which ?has_a_bad_effect_on our existence. Plenty of rubbish and waste water are being ?poured_into the rivers; ?as_a_consequence,_water sources have become badly ?polluted. Besides, there is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activities that have caused this ?global_warming. What's more, many people worry that our energy will ?run_out quickly if we use it in an unchecked way. Therefore, protecting the environment has become a major ?concern of the society.
More and more people have realized these problems and have ?taken_measures to stop them from taking place. Having realized the great harm caused by the haze and the importance of protecting the environment, people all over the country are taking measures to reduce the hazy weather.
As far as I'm concerned, for our future we can do nothing but protect our environment. It is urgent to arouse people's awareness of environmental protection. There is no denying that we should make_joint_efforts to win the campaign of protecting the environment.

一、復(fù)現(xiàn)單元考點——增強(qiáng)備考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的語法填空
1．(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)Corn uses less water than rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased (decrease) pollution in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
2．(2017·北京高考)The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ranging (range) from butterflies to elephants.
3．(2016·浙江高考)It is important to pay your electricity bill on time, as late payments may affect your credit (credible)．
4．(2015·天津高考)If you have any doubts about your health, you'd better consult (consultant) your doctor at once.
5．(2015·天津高考)Absorbed (absorb) in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空

measure, decrease, use up, produce, illegal, unwilling, appreciate, flood, beyond　　

1．(2018·全國卷Ⅲ)Lindsey's husband was totally astonished by the unexpected visit.“I don't think we would have randomly invited him over but we __55__ it and the gifts.”____________
2．(2018·江蘇高考)Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong investment. Their savings had been __36__ to pay lawyers' fees.____________
3．(2018·江蘇高考)Wild camping is __43__ in England. To avoid being caught, the Winns had to get their tent up late and packed it away early in the morning.____________
4．(2017·天津高考)I sent letters to everyone I knew, telling them about my project. It worked perfectly. Donations began __31__ in from hundreds of people.____________
5．(2016·四川高考)Lainey is an example of an __58__ reader. As shown here, Lainey can become excited about reading when presented with literature on topics that interest her, and when the people around her model involvement in the reading process.____________
6．(2015·安徽高考)Companies __45__ thousands of different kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few.____________
7．(2015·安徽高考)To __51__ the amount of rubbish and to protect the environment, more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. However, this is not enough to solve (解決) our problem.____________
8．(2015·浙江高考)In a society that tends to __38__ everything in terms of dollars and cents, we learn from a young age to consider the costs of our decisions in financial terms.____________
9．(2015·天津高考)Although her description sounded wonderful, the price was __18__ our range, so we declined.____________
答案：1.appreciate　2.used up　3.illegal　4.flooding
5．unwilling　6.produce　7.decrease　8.measure　9.beyond

二、復(fù)現(xiàn)話題詞匯——提高閱讀準(zhǔn)度
新高考下的命題新視角：“人與環(huán)境”是近幾年的熱點話題。隨著人們環(huán)保意識的增強(qiáng)，對于環(huán)境問題的關(guān)注度也越來越高，相應(yīng)的舉措也會越來越多。在平時的學(xué)習(xí)中，應(yīng)多注意國內(nèi)外關(guān)于治理污染等方面的新聞信息，結(jié)合國家下大力氣抓環(huán)保的決心和舉措，從“人與自然”的角度去思考問題。
[話題感悟]
學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) ——語篇復(fù)現(xiàn)詞匯，活學(xué)活用記憶更深
(加彩詞匯為本單元話題詞匯，讀文時請揣摩其用法)
Have you ever thought about living in a “green” house, one that is healthy for you and your family and helps conserve the Earth's resources? Some people want to build a new home, renovate an existing one, or make a few changes in their living habits. Every household can do something to support the conservation of the environment and improve our quality of life. As environmental concerns continue to increase worldwide, using more green products into our lives becomes more and more important. There is growing interest in green living, and the possibilities for achieving it in our homes are rapidly expanding. Our company's website www.ghouseabc.com can show you more about that.
Because buildings need enormous quantities of the Earth's resources in their construction and daily operation, they offer many opportunities for new eco-friendly design as well as cost savings. The Green House shows the combination of architecture, interior-design, and environmental responsibility. Home is where going green begins — where we as individuals have the power to set a new course for a brighter future.
If you are interested in these “green” houses, please contact us and our company will send you more information about them. And we're sure you'll have a surprise.
E-mail：ghouseabc @126.com
Phone：3567218/3567219
Fax：3390231
語篇解讀：文章介紹了有關(guān)“Green House”的相關(guān)內(nèi)容，意在宣傳推銷自己的產(chǎn)品。
1．The main purpose of the passage is to ________.
A．remind people to protect the environment
B．a(chǎn)sk people to buy a “green” house
C．give a brief introduction of the “green” house
D．express the writer's own opinion about the environment
解析：選B　寫作意圖題。文章主要介紹了“green” house以及與之相關(guān)的一些內(nèi)容，其目的在于讓人們買他們的產(chǎn)品。
2．From the passage, we can learn that the Green House shows ________.
A．only interior-design and outer appearance of the building
B．the combination of architecture and environmental importance
C．the importance of the Green Movement
D．the combination of architecture, interior-design
解析：選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第二段第二句指出the Green House展現(xiàn)了“architecture, interior-design, and environmental responsibility”的結(jié)合。
3．The underlined word “eco-friendly” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”．
A．friendly to people
B．good for the design of buildings
C．good for the environment
D．friendly to the Green House
解析：選C　詞義猜測題。eco-是個前綴，意為“環(huán)境的，生態(tài)的”，eco-friendly的表面意思是“對生態(tài)環(huán)境友好的”，也就是“有益于生態(tài)環(huán)境的”。故選C項。
4．How many ways can you use to get more information about the products?
A．1.　　　　　　　 B．2.
C．3. D．4.
解析：選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第一段最后一句有公司的網(wǎng)址，文章結(jié)尾有3種聯(lián)系方式，因此共有4種方法。

學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) ——題后把脈規(guī)律，練后得法理解更透
詞義猜測技法(2)——利用構(gòu)詞法解題
(1)利用前、后綴猜詞義
英語中的前綴、后綴構(gòu)詞頗多，且特定的前后綴往往表示特定的含義，如：mis-“錯，誤”， mislead“誤導(dǎo)”；mid-“中央”，midway“半路”；under-“低于”，underestimate
“低估”；anti-“反對”，antibody“抗體”；-er“從事某種職業(yè)的人，某地區(qū)、地方的人”，villager“村民”；-icist“……家，……者，……能手”， technicist“技師”；-logist“……學(xué)家，研究者”，geologist“地質(zhì)學(xué)家”；-craft“工藝，技巧”，handicraft“手工藝”。
(2)利用合成詞猜詞義
合成詞是由兩個或以上的單詞結(jié)合構(gòu)成的，其中一個詞修飾或限制另一個詞。如：snowfall“下雪”， horse-riding“騎馬”， waiting-room“候車室”， greenhouse“溫室”， income“收入”， afternoon“下午”， grown-up“成年人”，water-cool“用水冷卻”， three-cornered“三角的”。
上文第3小題中， eco-是個前綴，意為“環(huán)境的，生態(tài)的”，eco-friendly的表面意思是“對生態(tài)環(huán)境友好的”，也就是“有益于生態(tài)環(huán)境的”。故選C項。

Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
(2019·鄭州質(zhì)量預(yù)測)Come to the AG Society's expedition (探險) program and you will surely get unique experiences！
SWIM WITH THE HUM-PBACKS OF TONGA
Darren Jew and his team are your hosts for an unforgettable AG Society adventure, filled with in-water meetings with humpback whales (座頭鯨) in the Kingdom of Tonga's group of islands.
WHO: Darren Jew's Whales Underwater
DATES: 26 September－4 October
COST: ＄5,450 per person
BOOKINGS: Call 07566-79413, email reservations @ whalesunderwater.com or visit whalesunderwater.com
11-DAY KIMBERLEY COAST CRUISE
The AG Society is partnering APT to present an exciting voyage along the Kimberley coastline from Broome to Darwin.Expedition cruising offers the easiest way to explore the Kimberley.Guests on this 11-day voyage will go ashore, explore natural wonders, meet traditional owners, see rock art and spot wildlife.
WHO: APT
DATES: 6－16 September
COST: ＄13,395 per person
BOOKINGS: Visit kimberleywilderness.com.au
LIGHTNING RIDGE FOSSIL DIG
The AG Society offers you a chance to hunt for fossils (化石). Guided by experts, you'll go to special locations, seeking new fossils for the collections of the Australian Opal Centre.Your discoveries will further establish these museum collections as a world-class scientific and cultural resource.There are also a series of lectures on mining history, fossils, dinosaur hunting and new dinosaurs.
AG DEVIL ARK EXPEDITION
Come and join Tim Faulkner for a unique hands-on experience with this Tasmanian devil (袋獾) feeding program in the beautiful Barrington Tops of NSW.You'll get to see devils up close as you assist with feeding individuals.In addition to working with the animals, there'll be opportunities to explore the area's natural treasures and spot local wildlife.Don't miss your chance to get involved in this important conservation effort.
WHO: Australian Opal Centre
DATES: 20－25 August
COST: ＄2,200 per person, including all activities and lunches and dinners
BOOKINGS: Call 04279-04587, email dig@ australianopalcentre.com or visit australianopalcentre.com
WHO: Devil Ark
DATES: 24－26 November
COST: ＄1,750 per person
BOOKINGS: Call 02434-08610, email info@ devilark.org.au or visit devilark.org.au

語篇解讀：本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了AG Society提供的四種不同的探險活動。
1．If you join in LIGHTNING RIDGE FOSSIL DIG, you can ________.
A．go to seek new fossils individually
B．learn something about mining history
C．collect the world-class scientific fossils
D．become an expert and go to special locations
解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)LIGHTNING RIDGE FOSSIL DIG部分中的“There are also a series of lectures on mining history, fossils, dinosaur hunting and new dinosaurs”可知，本題答案為B。
2．What can you do if you take part in AG DEVIL ARK EXPEDITION?
A．Help protect wildlife.
B．Learn about dinosaurs.
C．Watch humpback whales.
D．Enjoy an exciting voyage.
解析：選A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AG DEVIL ARK EXPEDITION部分中的“spot local wildlife”和“get involved in this important conservation effort”可知，本題答案為A。
3．Which program will you choose if you want to enjoy rock art?
A．AG DEVIL ARK EXPEDITION.
B．LIGHTNING RIDGE FOSSIL DIG.
C．11-DAY KIMBERLEY COAST CRUISE.
D．SWIM WITH THE HUMPBACKS OF TONGA.
解析：選C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)11-DAY KIMBERLEY COAST CRUISE部分中的“see rock art”可知，本題答案為C。
B
(2019·太原模擬)Architect Vincent Callebaut recently introduced a plan for high-flying teams of self-sufficient aircraft that are one part of airship cities and one part of hydrogen-producing floating farms. Called hydrogenase (氫化酶), the aircraft are 100% emission-free and are capable of creating hydrogen without consuming land needed for crops or forests.
We've seen futuristic airships before, but never one that doubles as a hydrogen-producing flying farm! Designed for the South China Sea near Hainan, Callebaut's hydrogenase airships are completely self-sufficient and contain a specialized breed of seaweed that absorbs sunlight and CO2 to produce hydrogen.
According to the architects, “The output obtained from micro-seaweed is superior to that of using farming to produce biofuel. 330 grams of seaweed produce 1,000 liters of hydrogen per day, while soybeans produce roughly 1,000 liters of oil per hectare (公頃). A hectare of seaweed could thus produce much more biofuel than a hectare of soybeans.”
In addition to providing a clean source of renewable energy, hydrogenase airships offer an eco-friendly means of transportation. Although certainly slower than ordinary planes, the airships are nearly silent and require a very little basic structure to take off and land. The architects also suggest that the airships should provide disaster relief for remote areas, and be used as flying hospitals and aid centers. Each hydrogenase airship is covered with flexible photovoltaic cells (光電池)．The interior features room for housing, offices, scientific laboratories, and entertainment, and a series of bioremediating (生物降解) vegetable gardens provide a source of food while recycling waste. Hydrogenase is certainly for the futuristic concept, but it does use a set of technologies being developed today — and perhaps one day we will see fantastic ideas like this develop.
語篇解讀：本文主要介紹了氫化酶飛艇的優(yōu)點：完全自給自足，含有一種可以吸收陽光和二氧化碳從而產(chǎn)生氫氣的特殊種類的海藻。用微型海藻能生產(chǎn)更多的生物燃料。除了提供一種清潔的可再生能源的來源外，還能提供一種環(huán)保的交通方式。
4．What do we know about Vincent Callebaut?
A．He is working on a floating farm.
B．He compares many different airships.
C．He has developed a self-sufficient aircraft.
D．He has come up with a plan for new aircraft.
解析：選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句可知，Vincent Callebaut提出了一個新的飛行器計劃。故選D項。

5．Why do the hydrogenase airships contain seaweed?
A．To produce oxygen.
B．To create hydrogen.
C．To absorb hydrogen.
D．To absorb harmful gases.
解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句可知，氫化酶飛艇包含海藻為的是產(chǎn)生氫氣。故選B項。
6．What can we learn from Paragraph 3?
A．Farms with seaweed produce more food.
B．Farms with seaweed are more efficient at producing biofuel.
C．Soybeans can't be planted on the airships.
D．Farms with seaweed will surely replace traditional farmland.
解析：選B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“The output obtained from micro-seaweed is superior to that of using farming to produce biofuel”和后面的例子可推斷出，帶海藻的農(nóng)場在生產(chǎn)生物燃料方面效率更高。故選B項。
7．What does the text mainly talk about?
A．The advantages of the airships.
B．The disadvantages of the airships.
C．The airships are renewable energy sources.
D．When and where the airships can be used.
解析：選A　主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了Callebaut的氫化酶飛艇的優(yōu)點：完全自給自足，含有一種可以吸收陽光和二氧化碳從而產(chǎn)生氫氣的特殊種類的海藻。用微型海藻能生產(chǎn)更多的生物燃料。除了提供一種清潔的可再生能源的來源外，還能提供一種環(huán)保的交通方式。故選A項。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2019·福州模擬)Mary, 16, was suffering from cancer. As a father, Mitchell always stayed home to care for her. He said the __1__ left them financially worse off. Then a group called Growing Hope __2__ in with $1,800 to help with his living costs.
__3__， he wanted to pay it back. In his __4__， he had been a __5__. So at age 40, Mitchell took up the __6__ again, participating in two fights in Fairfax. Mitchell was __7__ out in the first and second rounds, but he still __8__ to raise $20,000 that he gave to Growing Hope. During this time, he __9__ his daughter. And for six months, he did little but __10__.
One day, Mitchell __11__ a Mark Twain quote — The two most important days in your life are the day you are born, and the day you __12__ why. “After I read that quote, I was going to spend the __13__ of my life helping kids with cancer and their families，” he said.
Mitchell thought of creating a foundation, __14__ boxing did not seem practical anymore for fundraising, due to his age. Then he found that __15__ could be a source to raise money. In the Corps Marathon, he cut a striking figure on the course. __16__ by this success, he set his sight higher. He __17__ each of the miles of the race to a different child with cancer, and he carried their __18__ with him. Years after his daughter's death, Mitchell now __19__ up in the morning knowing his __20__.
語篇解讀：Mitchell在女兒去世后受到馬克·吐溫名言的啟發(fā)，加入陸戰(zhàn)隊馬拉松，并把錢都捐給身患癌癥的孩子們，從而發(fā)現(xiàn)了自己在社會中的作用。
1．A.atmosphere　　　　　 B．phenomenon
C．situation D．poverty
解析：選C　根據(jù)空前的“As a father, Mitchell always stayed home to care for her”可知，因為Mary患有癌癥，父親Mitchell要待在家里照顧女兒。這種情況(situation)使得家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況變得越來越糟糕。故選C項。
2．A.brought B．stepped
C．took D．broke
解析：選B　根據(jù)語境和下文可知，后來，一個名為Growing Hope的組織伸出援手(step in)，給他了1 800 美元的生活費。
3．A.Grateful B．Hopeful
C．Sorrowful D．Helpful
解析：選A　根據(jù)空后的“he wanted to pay it back”可知，父親對這個組織非常感激(Grateful)。
4．A.life B．reality
C．memory D．youth
解析：選D　根據(jù)下文的“So at age 40”“fights”和“boxing”可知，在他年輕時，他是一個拳擊手。故選D項。
5．A.runner B．singer
C．boxer D．fighter
解析：選C　參見上題解析。
6．A.helmets B．gloves
C．boxes D．sneakers
解析：選B　根據(jù)空后的“participating in two fights in Fairfax”可知，Mitchell又開始接受挑戰(zhàn)了。take up the gloves在此意為“接受挑戰(zhàn)”，符合語境。
7．A.knocked B．sent
C．driven D．put
解析：選A　根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知，Mitchell在第一和第二回合都被擊倒。但他仍然設(shè)法成功地籌集了20 000美元。knock sb. out“擊倒某人”。
8．A.managed B．persuaded
C．failed D．tried
解析：選A　參見上題解析。B項意為“勸說，說服”。
9．A.cured B．a(chǎn)ccompanied
C．comforted D．lost
解析：選D　根據(jù)下文“Years after his daughter's death”可知，這個時候，他失去了(lost)他的女兒。
10．A.regret B．mourn
C．burst D．work
解析：選B　根據(jù)上下文和常識可推知，當(dāng)女兒去世后，父親除了哀悼(mourn)幾乎什么也不做。
11．A.came upon B．a(chǎn)greed to
C．looked at D．depended on
解析：選A　根據(jù)下文中的“After I read that quote”可知，Mitchell偶然讀到(came upon)馬克·吐溫的名言。
12．A.consider B．a(chǎn)sk
C．discover D．make
解析：選C　根據(jù)語境可知，人生中另外一個重要的日子是你發(fā)現(xiàn)(discover)自己為何出生。
13．A.forces B．rest
C．energy D．resources
解析：選B　根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知，Mitchell在余下的(rest)日子里開始幫助那些患有癌癥的孩子和他們的家庭。故選B項。
14．A.yet B．so
C．or D．a(chǎn)lthough
解析：選A　Mitchell想創(chuàng)立一個基金會，但是(yet)由于他的年齡，拳擊已經(jīng)不再是一個實用的基金收入來源了。
15．A.funds B．singing
C．running D．projects
解析：選C　根據(jù)空后的“In the Corps Marathon”可知，然后Mitchell發(fā)現(xiàn)可以通過跑步來籌錢。故選C項。
16．A.Depressed B．Moved
C．Shocked D．Inspired
解析：選D　在此馬拉松比賽中，Mitchell在比賽場上嶄露頭角。在此成功的激勵(inspired)下，他把眼光放得更高。故選D項。
17．A.ran B．donated
C．competed D．conveyed
解析：選B　根據(jù)空后的“to a different child with cancer”可知，Mitchell把比賽的每一分錢都捐給(donated)了身患癌癥的孩子們。故選B項。
18．A.smiles B．parents
C．strengths D．pictures
解析：選D　Mitchell隨身帶著他們的照片(pictures)。故選D項。
19．A.stands B．goes
C．wakes D．climbs
解析：選C　根據(jù)空后的“in the morning”可推知，此處表示在早晨醒來的時候。故選C項。
20．A.time B．what
C．course D．why
解析：選D　根據(jù)上文中提到的馬克·吐溫的名言中的“why”可知，選D項。
Ⅲ.語法填空
(2019·合肥質(zhì)檢)The Palace Museum received a painting of __1__ (history) value, Silk Road Landscape Map, which was donated by Xu Rongmao, chairman of Hong Kong Shimao Group, on November 30, 2017.
The more than 30-meter-long scroll (卷軸) is painted on silk.The painting describes trade routes (路線) __2__ (start) at Jiayuguan Pass in Northwest China's Gansu Province to Tianfang city.As many as 221 cities in __3__ now are some 10 countries are on the scroll.Some key spots __4__ (include) on the ancient Silk Road, like Gansu Province's Dunhuang, Mecca, Damascus, Esfahan in Iran and Samarqand in Uzbekistan.
The map, with a large amount of geographic information, proves that China __5__ (have) the world's best mapping techniques at that time.__6__ also shows Chinese people had had a clear understanding of the outside world __7__ Western maps came into the country.
Obviously, the map is a __8__ (contribute) of ancient Chinese geography to the whole world.It reflects the frequent business and cultural communication between China and __9__ (country) along the ancient Silk Road.
At the moment further archaeological (考古學(xué)的), geographic and linguistic (語言的) research on the map __10__ (carry) out.It will soon be shown to the public.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了香港世茂集團(tuán)主席許榮茂捐贈給故宮博物院的一幅畫——《絲綢之路風(fēng)景圖》。
1．historic/historical　考查形容詞。故宮博物院收到了一幅具有歷史價值的畫作。此處應(yīng)用形容詞修飾名詞value，故填historic/historical。
2．starting　考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為分詞作定語，動詞start與先行詞trade routes之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。
3．what　考查關(guān)系詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，且在從句中作主語，故填what。
4．a(chǎn)re included　考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。古代絲綢之路沿線的一些重要景點被包括在內(nèi)。根據(jù)語境可知，此處主語key spots與動詞include之間為被動關(guān)系，且此處描述的是客觀情況，故填are included。
5．had　考查動詞時態(tài)。根據(jù)句意及時間狀語“at that time”可知，此處應(yīng)用動詞的一般過去時。
6．It　考查代詞。它也表明，在西方地圖進(jìn)入中國之前，中國人已經(jīng)對外面的世界有了清晰的了解。此處用It指代上文中的The map。
7．before　考查連詞。參見上題解析。此處應(yīng)用before“在……之前”引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。
8．contribution　考查名詞。根據(jù)空前的冠詞a及空后的of可知，此處用名詞單數(shù)。
9．countries　考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。它反映了中國和古代絲綢之路沿線國家之間頻繁的商業(yè)和文化交流。根據(jù)句意可知，此處用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。
10．is being carried　考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。目前，考古學(xué)、地理學(xué)和語言學(xué)方面對地圖的進(jìn)一步研究正在進(jìn)行。根據(jù)句意及時間狀語“At the moment”可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，且主語research與動詞之間為被動關(guān)系，所以此處用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)。
Ⅳ.短文改錯
(2019·石家莊模擬)Last Sunday, I went on a hike with one of my best friend, Kevin.I got up early that morning and prepare lots of food in my lunchbox and then I went Kevin's home to pick him up.On the way to the mountain, we enjoyed at seeing many beautiful flowers along the road.After we arrived at the mountain, all of us couldn't help admire the natural scenery.Then he advised that we had a race between us, what made me excited too.But I agreed immediately.In a hurry, Kevin tripped on a stone and fell all the way down.Fortunate, he got stuck on a tree and I pulled him up at last.What a day!
答案：第一句：friend→friends
第二句：prepare→prepared; went后加to
第三句：去掉at
第四句：all→both; help后加but或admire→admiring
第五句：had→have; what→which
第六句：But→So
第八句：Fortunate→Fortunately