一、語(yǔ)基必備知識(shí)
(一)重點(diǎn)詞匯——分類記憶
Ⅰ.閱讀詞匯——在不認(rèn)識(shí)的詞匯前劃√
wire n．　　　　 　　　　　 suburban adj.
display vt. receipt n.
fare n. air-conditioned adj.
pedal vt.& vi. destination n.
route n. tricycle n.
blow vt. horn n.
Ⅱ.核心詞匯——寫其形
1．provide vt.　　　　 提供
2．explore vt. 探索
3．mood n. 心情；心境
Ⅲ.拓展詞匯——通其變
1．permit n．執(zhí)照；許可證→permission n．允許；許可
2．limit vt.限制 n．限度；限制→limited adj.有限制的，有限的→limitation n．限制；局限
3．impress vt.給……留下印象；使銘記→impressive adj.給人印象深刻的→impression n．印象；感想
4．convenient adj.方便的→convenience n．方便；便利的事物
5．single n．單程票→return n．往返票(反義詞)
6．react vi.反應(yīng)→reaction n．反應(yīng)
7．solve v．解決；解答→solution n．解答；答案


1.“費(fèi)用”名詞大全
①fare　　　　　　 車費(fèi)
②expense　　 花費(fèi)
③charge 費(fèi)用；價(jià)錢
④fine 罰款
⑤fee 費(fèi)用；酬金
⑥tip 小費(fèi)
2.“提供”動(dòng)詞一覽
①provide　　　　　 提供
②offer 主動(dòng)提供
③supply 供應(yīng)
④equip 配備；供應(yīng)
⑤furnish 供應(yīng)
⑥afford 提供；給予
3.“禁止/許可”大觀園
①permit v．　　　　 允許
②allow v. 允許
③forbid v. 禁止
④ban v．& n. 禁止
⑤prohibit v. 禁止
(二)重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)——記牢用活
1．be__connected__to　　　　　　 與……相連
2．be/get__stuck__in 被困在……
3．in__no__time 馬上；一會(huì)兒
4．get__around 到處旅行；四處走動(dòng)
5．under__construction 正在建設(shè)之中
6．switch__off 關(guān)上(電燈、電視等)；
斷掉(電源)
7．keep__cool 保持冷靜
8．no__way (俚語(yǔ))肯定不；沒(méi)門兒
9．have__a__good__view__of 清楚地看到
10．in__a__good__mood 情緒好；心情好

1．聚焦“v.＋around”短語(yǔ)
①get around　　　　　 　　 到處旅行；四處走動(dòng)
②turn around 好轉(zhuǎn)；轉(zhuǎn)身
③look around 四處觀望
④move around 走來(lái)走去
⑤wander around 徘徊
2. “under＋n.”短語(yǔ)薈萃
①under construction　　　　　 正在建設(shè)之中
②under repair 在修理中
③under control 在控制中
④under discussion 在討論中
⑤under treatment 在治療中
(三)重點(diǎn)句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：祈使句＋and/or＋陳述句(常用將來(lái)時(shí))
Simply raise__your__hand,__and a taxi appears in no time.
只要你抬起手，馬上就會(huì)有出租車開(kāi)過(guò)來(lái)。
句型2：be worth doing值得做
Tricycles are__worth__using if you want to explore the narrow alleys (hutong) of old Beijing.
如果你想去老北京的小胡同探秘，三輪腳踏車是值得一坐的。
句型3：have sth.done 讓某事被做；使……遭遇不幸
It’s a good idea to have__your__destination__written in Chinese.
把你的目的地用漢語(yǔ)寫出來(lái)是一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的主意。
二、語(yǔ)境強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練
Ⅰ.語(yǔ)境填詞——根據(jù)提示寫出該詞的適當(dāng)形式
A．根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示寫出下列單詞
1．We intend to go to India, even if air fares(費(fèi)用) will go up again between now and next summer.
2．You’d better keep all your receipts(收據(jù)) for work-related expenses.
3．Happiness is a way of travel, not a destination(目的地)．
4．Don’t try to solve a problem with a single(單一的) point of view; there may be many other ways of solving the same problem.
5．After they took everything into consideration, they trusted themselves more and returned(返回) to their positions.
B．根據(jù)所給單詞寫出適當(dāng)形式
6．Bob is moody(mood), so I don’t want to talk with him about the business.
7．As an explorer, he dreams of exploring(explore) the outer space one day.
8．We provided(provide) large amounts of food and clothing for the earthquake-stricken areas the moment the earthquake occurred.
9．The road is under repair. Drivers are required to take some other routes(route)．
10．High-speed railway has become a popular means of transport, bringing great convenience(convenient) to our life.
Ⅱ.語(yǔ)境品詞——寫出加黑詞匯在語(yǔ)境中的意義
1．(2019·天津卷)Students must provide their presentations on CDs before Friday, March 23.提供
2．(2019·江蘇卷)I prefer the school uniform. It’s nice. It’s also a better display of our school culture.展示
3．(2019·江蘇卷)But we don’t have to dress that way. That’s not our daily style. Besides, it’s not very convenient.方便的，省事的
4．(2019·北京卷)Want to explore new cultures, meet new people and do something worthwhile at the same time？探索
Ⅲ.選詞成篇
be connected to; in no time; get around; under construction; switch off; in a good mood
A new main road, through which our village will 1.be__connected__to the city, is 2.under__construction now. It will be completed 3.in__no__time. When it is finished, it will be convenient for us to go to the city to 4.get__around. Whenever we think of it, we are 5.in__a__good__mood and wear sweet smiles.
be/get stuck in; have a good view of; keep cool; what’s more; drive sb. mad; no way
Living in tall buildings, we can 6.have__a__good__view__of the city. But sometimes we may 7.be/get__stuck__in the lift, which can 8.drive__us__mad. If we are meeting with this situation, the most important is to 9.keep__cool. 10.What’s__more,__we should ask for help through our mobile phones. We should have a belief that help will come soon.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．(2018·北京卷)在你來(lái)之前先學(xué)習(xí)一些基本的漢語(yǔ)，你很快就會(huì)適應(yīng)北京的生活。
Learn__some__basic__Chinese__before__you__come,__and you will adjust yourself to the life here in Beijing soon.
2．新電影《哪吒》很值得一看。
The new film Nezha is__well__worth__watching.
3．(全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)我打算做一份兼職工作，通過(guò)兼職工作拓寬我的視野。
I intend to take up a part-time job, through which I’d like to have__my__horizons__broadened．

permit　n．[C]通行證；許可證；執(zhí)照　v．許可，允許，準(zhǔn)許
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①(天津卷)Mobile phone conversations are not permitted(permit) anywhere in the library.
②a.(安徽卷)Read the daily newspapers, magazines and other books, but you are not permitted__to__take(take) them out.
b．The visitors are reminded that the museum doesn’t permit smoking(smoke)．
③(2019·北京卷)With her dad’s permission(permit), she spent the next two years researching online.
[能力提升]——句式升級(jí)
④(普通表達(dá))If time permits, I expect you to pay a visit to our school.
(高級(jí)表達(dá))Time__permitting,__I expect you to pay a visit to our school. (獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)

(1)permit＋n./pron./doing　　　 允許……
permit sb.to do sth. 允許某人做某事
(2)permission n. [U]許可，允許
ask for permission 請(qǐng)求許可
with/without sb.’s permission 得到某人的允許/未經(jīng)某人的許可　
[佳句背誦] With your permission, I will have the project carried out as soon as possible.
如果你答應(yīng)的話，我將盡快展開(kāi)這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。
[名師點(diǎn)津]　permit既可以用于permit doing sth.，也可用于permit sb.to do sth.。有相同用法的動(dòng)詞還有advise, allow, forbid等。
provide　vt.提供
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①(2019·天津卷)Among the items provided(provide) by the school for a visual presentation are a desktop computer and loudspeakers.
②a.(天津卷)Students are provided with breakfast, dinner and either a cooked or packed lunch (which consists of a sandwich, a drink and a dessert)．
b．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)It is necessary for you to take a good rest, which will provide enough energy for you.
[能力提升]——詞匯升級(jí)
③(普通表達(dá))I asked Uncle Paul if I could take a horse ride, and he said yes, if my dad went with me. (2018·浙江卷6月)
(高級(jí)表達(dá))I asked Uncle Paul if I could take a horse ride, and he said yes, provided/providing__(that) my dad went with me.

(1)provide sb.with sth.＝provide sth.for sb.　　　　向某人提供某物
(2)provided (that)＝providing (that)
倘若，在……情況/條件下　
[佳句背誦] China’s Belt and Road Initiative has provided great opportunities for China and other countries to cooperate in many fields including culture.
中國(guó)“一帶一路”的倡議提供給中國(guó)和其他國(guó)家在很多領(lǐng)域的合作機(jī)會(huì)，其中包括文化領(lǐng)域。
[名師點(diǎn)津] offer sb. sth.＝offer sth.to sb.
向某人提供某物
supply sb. with sth.＝supply sth.to/for sb.
向某人提供某物
convenient　adj.方便的，便利的；近而方便的
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①a.(2019·江蘇卷)To enjoy the convenience(convenient) of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.
b．The hotel is conveniently(convenient) located close to the beach, thus making it popular among tourists.
②(全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)If it’s convenient to/for you, let’s meet at 8：30 outside the school gate.
③(山東卷)Would it be convenient for you to__pick(pick) me up at four o’clock and take me to the airport?
[能力提升]——一句多譯
(2018·浙江卷6月)如能盡早回復(fù)，我將不勝感激。
④I would appreciate it if you could reply at__your__earliest__convenience．(convenience)
⑤I would appreciate it if you could reply when__it__is__convenient__to__you．(convenient)

(1)It is convenient for sb.to do sth.
　　　　　　 對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)做某事是方便的。
sth.be convenient to/for sb.
對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)……是方便的
(2)convenience n. 方便；便利
at one’s convenience 在某人方便時(shí)　
[名師點(diǎn)津] convenient作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，不可用人作主語(yǔ)，而要用物或形式主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)?！爱?dāng)你方便的時(shí)候”應(yīng)譯成“When it is convenient to you”而不能譯成“When you are convenient”。
[詞塊助記](méi)
a convenience store　　　 一個(gè)便利店
convenience foods 方便食品
be/get stuck in　被困在……
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①a.(2018·浙江卷6月)We had no idea where we were and it was getting dark. We got stuck(stick) in the forest.
b．Stuck(stick) in the traffic jam for two hours，they were late for the meeting.
c．It was getting dark; I found a car stuck(stick) in a pool by the side of the road.
②(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ) Much to the family’s surprise, Dennis stuck to his promise！He turned up at the hospital bearing gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升級(jí)
③(浙江卷)好的意見(jiàn)是值得堅(jiān)持的，因?yàn)樗鼈兛梢允刮覀兯腥耸芤妗?br /> Good opinions are worth sticking__to because they can benefit us all.
④(普通表達(dá)) The girl was__stuck__in__the__big__fire(被困在大火中)．The firefighters managed to save her.
⑤(高級(jí)表達(dá)) The firefighters managed to save the girl__stuck__in__the__big__fire．(過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ))

stick to　　　　　　　　 遵守，信守；堅(jiān)持
stick out 伸出；突出　
[佳句背誦] When a player is playing Chinese chess and stuck in tough situation, it’s impolite to give advice to him.
當(dāng)隊(duì)員下象棋陷入困境時(shí)，給他支招是不禮貌的。
[名師點(diǎn)津](1)“get＋過(guò)去分詞”強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，常指意想不到的、突然的或偶然的情況，或談?wù)撟陨碜龅膭?dòng)作。常見(jiàn)的有g(shù)et hurt/burnt/stolen受傷/被燒傷/被偷，get lost/drunk迷路/喝醉，get dressed/changed穿衣/換衣服等。
(2)表示“被困在……”的短語(yǔ)還有be/get caught in, be/get trapped in, be/get locked in, be/get blocked in等。
in no time　立刻，趕快，馬上；一會(huì)兒
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ) I still can’t believe what a coincidence it was.I’m just so glad I was there in time to help my son.
②(2019·北京卷)Regardless of the weather or the distance, Paul Wilson will make sure low-income students in his neighbourhood arrive at their college classes on time.
③(浙江卷)Each student is allowed to borrow two books at a time from the school library.
④(遼寧卷)At no time did they actually break the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them.
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤(山東卷)常言道，“有志者事竟成”。我們的努力遲早會(huì)有所回報(bào)。
As a proverb goes，“Where there is a will, there is a way.” Our efforts will pay__off__in__time．

on time　　　　　　 準(zhǔn)時(shí)
in time 及時(shí)；遲早
at a time 每次，一次
at one time 曾經(jīng)；一度
at times 有時(shí)
at no time 在任何時(shí)候都不；從來(lái)沒(méi)有
ahead of time 提前　
[佳句背誦] After the accident, the injured were taken to the nearest hospital in no time.
事故發(fā)生后，受傷的人立刻被送進(jìn)了最近的醫(yī)院。
[名師點(diǎn)津] 表示“決不”的短語(yǔ)：by no means, in no way，under no circumstances，on no account，in no case等。

be worth doing 值得做
(教材原句)Tricycles are worth using if you want to explore the narrow alleys (hutong) of old Beijing.
如果你想去老北京的小胡同探秘，三輪腳踏車是值得一坐的。
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①(北京卷)Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking(take)．
②It is well(good) worth making an effort to promote the public awareness of environmental protection.
[能力提升]——一句多譯
這本參考書值得買，因?yàn)樗鼘?duì)你的學(xué)習(xí)很有幫助。
③The reference book is__worth__buying,__because it is of great help for your study.(worth)
④The reference book is__worthy__of__being__bought/to__be__bought,__because it is of great help for your study.(worthy)
⑤It__is__worthwhile__buying/to__buy the reference book, because it is of great help for your study.(worthwhile)

(1)be worth doing sth.　　　　 　 值得做某事
be worth money/an effort/a try 值得花錢/
努力/一試
be worth it 值得的　
(2)be worthy of＋n./being done　 值得(做)……
be worthy to be done 值得做……
(3)It is worthwhile to do/doing sth. 值得做某事
[名師點(diǎn)津] (1)worth一般只作表語(yǔ)，不作定語(yǔ)；
(2)be worth doing是主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義；
(3)如果表達(dá)“很值得”，應(yīng)該用be well worth。
[詞塊助記](méi) An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening.　　　　一日之計(jì)在于晨。
millions of pounds’ worth of damage
價(jià)值數(shù)百萬(wàn)英鎊的損失
have sth. done 讓某事被做；使……遭遇不幸
(教材原句)It’s a good idea to have your destination written in Chinese.
把你的目的地用漢語(yǔ)寫出來(lái)是一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的主意。
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①(2018·天津卷)I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph taken(take)．
②a.Uncle Sam won’t have my father and me returning(return) to the farm too late.
b．It was cold, and she had the fire burning(burn) day and night.
③a.(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)We students have various activities to__take(take) part in after class.
b．I am going to see my son next week. Do you have anything to__be__taken(take) to your son?
[能力提升]——句式升級(jí)
④(普通表達(dá))You should take the chance to deepen your knowledge of traditional Chinese culture. (2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)
(高級(jí)表達(dá))You should take the chance to have__your__knowledge__of__traditional__Chinese__culture__deepened．(have＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ))

(1)have sth.done使某事完成；遭遇某種(不幸的)事情；讓/叫別人做某事
(2)have sb.do sth.讓某人做某事
(3)have sb.doing sth.允許某人做某事(常用于否定句中)；使某人一直做某事(多用于肯定句中)
(4)have sth.to do有某事要做(主語(yǔ)自己做)
have sth.to be done有某事要做(不是主語(yǔ)自己做)　
[佳句背誦] If anyone happens to drop in while I am out, have him or her leave a message.
如果我不在時(shí)有人來(lái)訪，讓他/她留個(gè)口信。(福建卷)
[名師點(diǎn)津] “have＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)中過(guò)去分詞與前面的賓語(yǔ)為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，而無(wú)to不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞與賓語(yǔ)為主動(dòng)關(guān)系。

維度一　在空白處填入括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式
1．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)The government has already permitted the company to__use(use) special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly.
2．The police managed to save the two tourists stuck(stick) in the valley because of the heavy rain.
3．One of the solutions(solve) to the heavy traffic problem is to reduce the number of vehicles.
4．In recent years, some cities have begun to allow people to light fireworks during limited(limit) hours at the Spring Festival.
5．(陜西卷)Claire had her luggage checked(check) an hour before her plane left.
維度二　在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~
1．(福建卷)Surrounding yourself with people who’ll provide you with respect support can be very beneficial while working towards reaching health and fitness goals.
2．Jack had his leg injured. As a result, he had difficulty getting around．
3．After working all day, he was so tired that he was in no mood to go to the party with us.
4．Please switch the lights off as you leave.
5．Receiving the report that the plane crashed, the government took measures in no time.
維度三　派生詞練習(xí)
1．He reacted badly against the boss’s decision, whose reaction was also reacting upon his colleagues.(react)
2．He doesn’t get a driving permit．That’s to say, he doesn’t get any permission of driving.(permit)
3．The natural resources which we have are limited．Therefore we have no right to waste the precious resources without limit．(limit)
4．When asked about his impression of Beijing, he said that he was deeply impressed by its unique human landscape, and that the Palace Museum was the most impressive architecture he’d ever seen.(impress)
5．Most of us like the convenience of using credit cards to buy things because it is convenient to carry.(convenient)
維度四　完成句子/句型轉(zhuǎn)換/一句多譯
1．動(dòng)動(dòng)腦筋，你就會(huì)找到這個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案。
Use__your__head,__and you will find the answer to the question.
2．在踢足球時(shí)他摔斷了一條腿。(have ＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))
He had__one__of__his__legs__broken while playing football.
3．It not only helps to build up our physical health, but also helps us learn more efficiently in turn.
→Not only does__it__help to build up our physical health, but also helps us learn more efficiently in turn.
4．你能在方便的時(shí)候過(guò)來(lái)幫我一把嗎？
①Can you come and give me a hand at__your__convenience? (convenience)
②Can you come and give me a hand when__it__is__convenient__to/for__you? (convenient)

提能一　語(yǔ)段填空(短文中黑體部分為本模塊核心知識(shí)點(diǎn)，請(qǐng)補(bǔ)全短文，并背誦體會(huì)黑體部分用法)
Weather 1.permitting(permit), people usually get around during weekends. However, with the increasing number of cars, people can get 2.stuck(stick) in a traffic jam anywhere because of the 3.limited(limit) traffic conditions, although more roads are under 4.construction(construct). Traffic jams have become a global problem, 5.which needs to be dealt with 6.in no time. Firstly, our government should take measures 7.to__provide(provide) fast and 8.convenient(convenience) public transport. Secondly, our government should try to improve road conditions, such as having the narrow streets 9.widened(widen). Last but not least, not only the drivers 10.but also the pedestrians should follow the traffic rules strictly.
提能二　話題寫作(用本模塊詞匯、句式和語(yǔ)法知識(shí)寫滿分作文)
交通堵塞在城市是日益嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題。請(qǐng)你按以下寫作要點(diǎn)，提出可行的解決措施。內(nèi)容包括： ①說(shuō)明現(xiàn)象；②提出可行的解決方案。
1．補(bǔ)全要點(diǎn)句(黑體部分請(qǐng)用本模塊所學(xué)詞匯)
①交通堵塞已成為城市居民非常關(guān)注的問(wèn)題。
Traffic__jam has become a great concern for the people in cities.
②被困在交通堵塞中是常見(jiàn)的，這有時(shí)會(huì)讓人們無(wú)法保持冷靜。
Getting__stuck__in__a__traffic__jam is common, and it sometimes makes__people__unable__to__keep__cool．
③為了讓交通順利運(yùn)行，下面的解決方案也許會(huì)起作用。
To have traffic flow smoothly, the__following__solutions__may__work．
④人們應(yīng)該乘坐公交車或騎車而不是開(kāi)車。
People should take__buses__or__travel__by__bicycle instead of driving cars.
⑤為方便人們出行，政府應(yīng)該投資更多的錢來(lái)改善公共交通。
The government should invest more money in improving public transportation, so as to make__it__convenient__for__people__to__get__around.
⑥提高人們對(duì)遵守交通規(guī)則的意識(shí)。(祈使句)
Raise__people’s__awareness__of obeying the traffic rules.
2．升級(jí)平淡句
⑦用非限制性定語(yǔ)從句升級(jí)句②
Getting__stuck__in__a__traffic__jam__is__common,__which__sometimes__makes__people__unable__to__keep__cool.
⑧用“have＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)升級(jí)句⑤
The__government__should__have__more__money__invested__in__improving__public__transportation,__so__as__to__make__it__convenient__for__people__to__get__around.
3．銜接成美文(注意用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^(guò)渡銜接詞匯： to begin with, in addition, most importantly)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Traffic jam has become a great concern for the people in cities. Getting stuck in a traffic jam is common, which sometimes makes people unable to keep cool. To have traffic flow smoothly, the following solutions may work.
To begin with, people should take buses or travel by bicycle instead of driving cars. In addition, the government should have more money invested in improving public transportation, so as to make it convenient for people to get around. Most importantly, raise people’s awareness of obeying the traffic rules.

(建議用時(shí)：35分鐘)
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
(2020·長(zhǎng)沙統(tǒng)一模擬)

Two deer jumped out in front of 16-year-old Amanda Floyd’s car. She put on the brake, stopping the car just in time. But later, she started texting. Distracted, Amanda turned left and right, then crashed into another car. Luckily, she wasn’t in a real car—she was in a driving simulator(模擬器) at Roosevelt High School, Ohio, US. “I never really realized that cars made a turn that much，” Amanda, a junior, said. She added that she wouldn’t text while driving anymore.
The Ohio Department of Transportation(ODOT) and Ohio State Highway Patrol brought the simulator to the school. They said they wanted to help students learn about the danger of driving while drunk, texting, or talking on the phone.
According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, distracted driving claimed 3，450 lives in 2016 alone. Experts believe the actual figure is probably higher.
The simulator is basically a computer program. Like many computer games, it was a hit with the students. They lined up and crowded around to watch each other take turns. The simulator has a steering wheel(方向盤), brake and gas pedal(油門). It is made up of three large computer screens on a table.
Students choose a distraction, such as driving while drunk or texting. They always crash, of course. Then, they are pulled over by the police to be taught the bad results of their driving：how much damage they’ve caused, what their fine is, if anyone died in the accident, and if they’re going to go to prison.
“It teaches how to drive without being on the road，” said Shante Thompson, 16. She had just crashed into a deer.
ODOT spokesman Justin Chesnic said hundreds of kids have gone behind the wheel so far. He said even more have benefited from watching their classmates.
“Driving is such a major responsibility, so take it seriously，” he said. “Put away your cellphone. A lot of the accidents out there are because of distracted driving. It can not only change your life, but change someone else’s life forever. The results are serious.”
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了一個(gè)駕駛模擬器，學(xué)生通過(guò)操作這個(gè)駕駛模擬器可以增強(qiáng)交通安全意識(shí)。
1．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 1?
A．Introduce the topic of the text.
B．Illustrate the author’s point of view.
C．Provide some advice for the readers.
D．Offer some background information.
A　解析：推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章第一段講述了一個(gè)事例，然后通過(guò)這個(gè)事例引出了本文的話題，即driving simulator。由此可推知，作者寫第一段的目的是引出文章的主題，故選A。
2．Why is the driving simulator project introduced to Roosevelt High School?
A．It tests the students’ ability to stay focused.
B．It gets students to have fun between classes.
C．It teaches students how to deal with traffic accidents.
D．It makes students aware of the dangers of distracted driving.
D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“They said they wanted to help students learn about the danger of driving while drunk, texting, or talking on the phone.”可知，他們想要幫助學(xué)生們了解醉酒、發(fā)短信或者打電話時(shí)駕車的危害，故選D。
3．What can we know about the driving simulator?
A．It is connected to the local police station.
B．It is a real car but has large computer screens.
C．It attracts the students’ interest as a computer program.
D．It benefits the students who use it more than those who only watch.
C　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的描述，尤其是“The simulator is basically a computer program. Like many computer games, it was a hit with the students.”可知，這個(gè)模擬器實(shí)質(zhì)上是一個(gè)電腦程序，和許多電腦游戲一樣，它很受學(xué)生們的歡迎，引起了學(xué)生們的興趣，故選C。
4．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Traffic rules in Ohio, US.
B．Dangers of distracted driving.
C．Simulated driving for students.
D．Advantages of computer games.
C　解析：主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了一個(gè)駕駛模擬器，學(xué)生通過(guò)操作它可以增強(qiáng)交通安全意識(shí)，故選C。
B
(2020·綿陽(yáng)第一次診斷)

We are what we eat. That is an old expression, but one worth knowing. A recent look at diets around the world shows that people who eat healthy food—and not too much of it—live longer. But which areas of the world have the best diets? Researchers found that foods in some of the healthiest diets—Mediterranean diet, New Nordic diet, Japanese diet and French diet—may be very different, but they are all heavy on local and seasonal foods, which include more vegetables and seafood and less red meat.
Mediterranean diet contains lots of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts and olive oil. The diet has proper amounts of fish and poultry(家禽肉). Red meat and foods high in sugar and salt are not big parts of this diet.
New Nordic diet has whole grains like oats and rye, vegetables such as carrots, broccoli and eggs, seafood, fruits, oil, low-fat milk and cheese. Sugary desserts are not common in this diet.
Japanese people are some of the longest living people on the planet, with women up to 87 years old and men up to 80. The Japanese diet is the reason for such lengths of life. The diet has many foods that are low in calories and high in nutrients. Japanese people eat a lot of seaweed, tofu, rice, vegetables and fish. The tradition there is to stop eating when your stomach feels 80 percent full.
However, French people eat fatty foods but do not get fat. And they live a long time. This phenomenon is called the “French Paradox”. The reason why the French eat fatty foods without getting fat may be simple. They eat less. Serving sizes in French restaurants and of products sold in stores are smaller than those in most countries. And generally speaking, most French people do not snack. This means they do not eat food between meals.
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文主要介紹了世界上四種最健康的飲食。
5．What do we know about the healthiest diets around the world?
A．They contain abundant calories.
B．They tend to be expensive.
C．They share certain similarities.
D．They reflect popular tastes.
C　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“may be very different, but they are all heavy on local and seasonal foods, which include more vegetables and seafood and less red meat”可知，盡管有不同之處，但世界上最健康的飲食都側(cè)重于使用當(dāng)?shù)氐暮蜁r(shí)令的食物，包括更多的蔬菜和海鮮，以及更少的紅肉。由此可推知，世界上最健康的飲食有一定的相似之處，故選C。
6．What is considered as a harmful eating habit in Japanese tradition?
A．Going low in calories.
B．Eating to the fullest.
C．Having much seafood.
D．Picking many foods.
B　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“The tradition there is to stop eating when your stomach feels 80 percent full.”可知，日本的傳統(tǒng)是吃八成飽。由此可推知，吃得很飽在日本被認(rèn)為是不良的飲食習(xí)慣，故選B。
7．How does the author develop the central idea in the last 4 paragraphs?
A．By building connections.
B．By exploring reasons.
C．By listing examples.
D．By analyzing figures.
C　解析：寫作手法題。通讀后四段可知，作者列舉了這些健康飲食中的食物，故本文后四段是通過(guò)舉例子的方式來(lái)說(shuō)明中心觀點(diǎn)的。
8．Which can be the most suitable title for the text?
A．What Is the Healthiest Diet on Earth?
B．How Does the Old Expression Serve?
C．Why Is a Healthy Diet So Important?
D．Where Can We Feed Ourselves Well?
A　解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了世界上四種最健康的飲食。故A項(xiàng)作文章標(biāo)題最合適。
Ⅱ.七選五
(2020·成都高三第一次診斷)From sports teams to movie characters, we love supporting the weak. While that’s inspiring for a film or a story, it can be hard to remain positive when you’re experiencing a struggle. It’s said that what is most personal is most universal. 1.________ Here are some important reasons why you should share your story of struggles.
You can shine a light for others. 2.________ Sometimes，that’s all someone needs to get through a difficult time. You can help even more by applying ideas and solutions creatively to their own problems.
3．________ It’s uncomfortable to admit to others your failures, struggles or other moments of weakness. That’s true for everyone yet opening yourself up to moments of weakness is surprisingly satisfying. It requires courage and being courageous requires practice.
People will support you. 4.________ We all do. So why not share the ways you’ve faced great difficulty and bounced back？If no one knows your struggles then they’ll never know to cheer for you or what you’ve overcome to reach where you are today.
Another great aspect of sharing your story is that it helps you remember the lesson you have learned. 5.________ Understanding what happened and how you handled situations can provide you with the ways clearly on how to do things better and move forward. You can also share key experience alongside your story so others can learn, too.
A．It helps you find your voice.
B．You love a good comeback story.
C．It allows you to practise courage.
D．You can objectively analyze your own past.
E．That’s why your story can bring much value.
F．Be open with the world about the good and the bad.
G．Sharing your story will help them realize they aren’t alone.
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文主要介紹了與他人分享你的奮斗故事的原因。
1．E　解析：承接上文“It’s said that what is most personal is most universal.”，并與下文“Here are some important reasons why you should share your story of struggles.”相呼應(yīng)可推知，E項(xiàng)“這就是為什么你的故事可以帶來(lái)很多價(jià)值”符合語(yǔ)境，所以選E項(xiàng)。
2．G　解析：根據(jù)下文“Sometimes，that’s all someone needs to get through a difficult time.”，并結(jié)合上文“You can shine a light for others.”可推知，分享你的故事將有助于他人產(chǎn)生共鳴，所以選G項(xiàng)。
3．C　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“It requires courage and being courageous requires practice.”可推知，本段主要講述的是分享你的故事有助于鍛煉自己的勇氣，所以選C項(xiàng)。
4．B　解析：根據(jù)下文“We all do. So why not share the ways you’ve faced great difficulty and bounced back？”可推知，人們都喜歡東山再起的故事，所以為什么不分享一下你面臨很大困難卻能重整旗鼓的方法？所以選B項(xiàng)。
5．D　解析：根據(jù)下文“Understanding what happened and how you handled situations can provide you with the ways clearly on how to do things better and move forward.”可推知，分享你的故事有助于客觀地分析你自己的過(guò)去，從而總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)、吸取教訓(xùn)，所以選D項(xiàng)。
Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空
(2020·沈陽(yáng)教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)一)Senior citizens are the first to come to our mind when we think of hearing loss, but in a recent report, hearing professionals worry teenagers will soon outnumber aging adults 1.____________ it comes to living with hearing loss.
The rise in popularity of personal audio devices from iPods to smart phones has had dangerous effect on the ears of those who use them most—teenagers! A study 2.____________(conduct) by the World Health Organization finds that nearly 50% of teens 3.____________(fall) into the habit of exposing themselves to unsafe levels of sound so far.
A sound is considered unsafe when it goes beyond 85 decibels(分貝). At that level, it takes just 8 hours of listening over your lifetime to cause damage. The louder the sound is, the 4.____________(little) time it takes to cause damage. Because hearing loss is 5.____________(typical) considered as a health problem for the elderly, it is difficult to convince already stubborn teenagers that they really are doing damage 6.____________ their ears.
Young adults 7.____________ have been exposed to noise over a period of time may have some hearing loss symptoms. Their 8.____________(able) to learn is compromised, and they may have difficulty developing social skills.
In an effort to help teens better protect their hearing, we suggest 9.____________(set) volume limits on personal audio devices. 10.____________ is also good to limit the amount of time exposed to noise and to take listening breaks to give the ears a rest.
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要分析了青少年聽(tīng)力下降的原因并提出了相應(yīng)的應(yīng)對(duì)策略。
1．when　解析：考查固定用法。when it comes to sth.意為“當(dāng)涉及某事時(shí)”，為固定用法，故填when。
2．conducted　解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，動(dòng)詞conduct和句子主語(yǔ)A study之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故填其過(guò)去分詞形式。
3．have fallen　解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句子中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“so far”可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故填have fallen。
4．less　解析：考查形容詞的比較級(jí)?！皌he＋比較級(jí)，the＋比較級(jí)”意為“越……就越……”，為固定句型，根據(jù)該句中的“The louder”可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞比較級(jí)，故填less。
5．typically　解析：考查副詞。修飾動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用副詞，故填副詞typically修飾其后的動(dòng)詞“considered”，在句子中作狀語(yǔ)。
6. to　解析：考查介詞。do damage to意為“對(duì)……造成損害”是固定用法，故此處應(yīng)填介詞to。
7．who/that　解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞Young adults，且在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故填who/that。
8．a(chǎn)bility　解析：考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及空前的形容詞性物主代詞“Their”可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞；又根據(jù)空后的“is”可知，此處應(yīng)填名詞的單數(shù)形式，故填ability。
9．setting　解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。suggest doing sth.意為“建議做某事”，是固定用法，并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，此處應(yīng)填setting。
10．It　解析：考查代詞。it＋系動(dòng)詞＋形容詞＋to do sth.是固定句型，it作形式主語(yǔ)，不定式作真正的主語(yǔ)，故填it；又因?yàn)槲挥诰涫祝侍領(lǐng)t。


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