一、語基必備知識(shí)
(一)重點(diǎn)詞匯——分類記憶
Ⅰ.閱讀詞匯——在不認(rèn)識(shí)的詞匯前劃√
poverty n. 　　　　　　 household n.
homeless adj. charity n.
freeway n. inhabitant n.
tourism n. vast adj.
entertainment n.
Ⅱ.核心詞匯——寫其形
1．income n．　　　　　 收入
2．human n. (與動(dòng)物等對比的)人
3．measure vt. 測定；測量；評估
4．goal n. 目標(biāo)
5．position n. 位置
6．figure n. 數(shù)字
7．smart adj. 漂亮的；整潔的；時(shí)髦的
8．exchange n. 交換
Ⅲ.拓展詞匯——通其變
1．hunger n．饑餓→hungry adj.饑餓的
2．develop v．發(fā)展→development n．發(fā)展→developing adj.發(fā)展中的→ developed adj.發(fā)達(dá)的
3．educate vt.教育；培養(yǎng)；訓(xùn)練→education n．教育
4．crowd n．人群→crowded adj.擁擠的
5．similar adj.相似的→similarity n．類似；相似→similarly adv.相似地
6．fortune n．運(yùn)氣；財(cái)富→unfortunate adj.不幸的；遺憾的→unfortunately adv.不幸地→fortunate adj.幸運(yùn)的→fortunately adv.幸運(yùn)地
7．locate vt.使坐落于→location n．位置；所在地→__located adj.位于
8．transport n．交通工具→transportation n．交通；運(yùn)輸
9．industry n．工業(yè)→industrial adj.工業(yè)的
10．pollute v．污染→polluted adj.受到污染的→ pollution n．污染

1.后綴-less形容詞大觀園
①homeless　　　　　 無家可歸的
②hopeless 無望的
③breathless 氣喘吁吁的
④endless 無休止的
⑤countless 數(shù)不清的
⑥sleepless 不眠的
2.trans-開頭高頻詞全接觸
①transport　　　　　 交通工具
②transportation 運(yùn)輸
③transplant 移植
④transfer 運(yùn)送
⑤transform 改造
⑥transmit 傳輸
3.-ed結(jié)尾形容詞薈萃
①crowded　　　　 擁擠的
②polluted 受到污染的
③skilled 熟練的
④experienced 有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的
⑤talented/gifted 有才能的
⑥limited 有限的
(二)重點(diǎn)短語——記牢用活
1．up__to　　　　　　　　 到達(dá)；直到；由……決定
2．a(chǎn)t__the__top__of 在……頂端
3．a(chǎn)t__the__bottom__of 在……底部
4．make__efforts 努力
5．make__progress 取得進(jìn)步
6．be__connected__with 與……有聯(lián)系；與……有關(guān)
7．be__close__to 接近；靠近
8．take__measures 采取措施
9．in__particular 尤其；特別

1.top/bottom相關(guān)短語個(gè)個(gè)清
①at the top/bottom of　　　　　　 在……頂端/底部
②on (the) top of 在……上方
③from top to bottom 從上到下
④at bottom 實(shí)際上；本質(zhì)上
⑤from the bottom of one’s heart 從某人心底
2.“be＋adj.＋to(介詞)”短語萬花筒
①be close to　　　　　 接近；靠近
②be equal to 等于；勝任
③be familiar to 為……所熟悉
④be open to 對……開放
⑤be opposite to 與……相反
⑥be similar to 與……相似
(三)重點(diǎn)句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：while用作并列連詞
Norway is at the top of the list, while the US is at number 7.
挪威高居榜首，而美國則排在第七。
句型2：主語＋be＋形容詞＋to do
However, in other regions of the world, e．g. Eastern Europe, water is now mostly__safe__to__drink．
然而，在世界的其他地區(qū)，比如東歐，現(xiàn)在水大多喝起來很安全。
句型3：be of＋抽象名詞
It’s an agreement between towns or cities of__similar__size__and__age ...
這是大小和歷史相似的城鎮(zhèn)或城市之間的一份協(xié)議……
二、語境強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練
Ⅰ.語境填詞——根據(jù)提示寫出該詞的適當(dāng)形式
A．根據(jù)漢語提示寫出下列單詞
1．In my opinion, people on high incomes(收入) should pay more taxes.
2．I shook hands and exchanged(交換) a few words with the manager after the meeting.
3．These figures(數(shù)字) show an increase of over one million in unemployment this year.
4．The scheme has been set up to help homeless(無家可歸的) people.
5．I am looking for a position(職位) where my research and writing skills can be used.
B．根據(jù)所給單詞寫出適當(dāng)形式
6．The government will take measures(measure) to help college graduates to find jobs in the coming year.
7．One of her goals(goal) is to get the first place in the coming examination.
8．The Hope Project is designed to help those children who drop out of school because of poverty(poor)．
9．Some students use their cellphone mostly as a tool of entertainment(entertain)．
10．What are the main differences and similarities(similar) between them?
Ⅱ.語境品詞——寫出加黑詞匯在語境中的意義
1．(2019·全國卷Ⅰ)This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(節(jié)奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. 測量
2. (2019·全國卷Ⅱ)You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals. 目標(biāo)
3．(江蘇卷) When the time comes to make a decision and take a position on an issue, allow for the contributions of each member of the group. 觀點(diǎn)；態(tài)度；立場
4. (2019·北京卷) Wilson has covered an astonishing 64，000 miles, and has had countless pleasant and often humorous conversations with the students he transports to and from school. 運(yùn)送
Ⅲ.選詞成篇
at the top of; make progress; make efforts; in particular; as a result
In the beginning, I was poor in my studies, math 1.in__particular. However, encouraged by my teacher, I 2.made__efforts to catch up with others, and 3.made__progress little by little. 4.As__a__result,__I was 5.at__the__top__of the exam list in the final exam, which made me overjoyed.
up to; make sure; be connected with; be/get close to; such as
Generally speaking, health problems, 6.such__as overweight, 7.are__connected__with bad eating habits and a lack of exercise. To 8.make__sure we are in good health, we should eat healthily and 9.be/get__close__to nature. In some ways, it’s 10.up__to us to decide whether we are healthy or not.
Ⅳ.完成語段
Some students are shy and nervous when meeting foreigners 1.while__some__are__confident(而有些學(xué)生很自信). They are easygoing and 2.easy__to__get__along__with(很容易相處). Personally speaking, being confident is 3.of__great__importance(很重要).

measure　n．尺寸；大小；措施　vt.測量；測定；評估；有……長(或?qū)?、高?
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①a.The new bridge measuring(measure) twice as long as the old one, is due to be completed in 2021.
b．A society measured(measure) by money alone cannot be one of equal success, and it’s something no nation or community can afford to have.
②(北京卷)Although these measures(measure) are not effective forever, they are vital for now.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升級
③(普通表達(dá)) It’s high time that we should__take/took__measures__to__prevent__air__from__being__polluted(采取措施防止空氣污染)．
④(高級表達(dá)) It’s high time that measures__should__be__taken/were__taken__to__prevent__air__from__being__polluted．(被動(dòng)語態(tài))

(1)measure...by...　　　 用……來衡量……
be measured by/in... 用……來計(jì)算/衡量
(2)take measures (to do sth.) 采取措施(做某事)
make...to one’s measure 按某人的尺寸訂
做……　
[名師點(diǎn)津] measure作名詞表示“措施”時(shí)，常用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。作動(dòng)詞表示“有……長/寬/高”時(shí)，為不及物動(dòng)詞，不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)，若此意義的短語作后置定語時(shí)，要用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。
[詞塊助記]
take effective measures　　 采取有效措施
measuring instruments 測量儀器
a good measure of reading comprehension
判斷閱讀理解力的好方法
figure　n．?dāng)?shù)字；圖形；人物；身材；人影　v．計(jì)算；想；估計(jì)；認(rèn)為
[一詞多義]——寫出下列句中figure的詞性和含義
①(2019·全國卷Ⅱ)I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as close to it as I am to my dogs. vt.認(rèn)為
②(2017·江蘇卷)Indeed official figures suggest the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961. n．?dāng)?shù)字
③(北京卷)As for my favorite figure in Chinese history, it must be Wei Yuan, a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty.__n．人物
④(福建卷)I wonder how Mary has kept her figure after all these years.__n．身材
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤(2019·全國卷Ⅰ) It is difficult to__figure__out(弄明白) a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been poorly studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20，000－25，000 polar bears worldwide.

(1)keep one’s figure　 保持體形
(2)figure out 想出；理解；弄明白，看透
figure on 期待，指望，依賴
figure in 把……列入計(jì)算/考慮范圍
figure that 認(rèn)為，認(rèn)定
[佳句背誦]
I couldn’t figure out how she managed to keep her figure. She figured that taking exercise was the best way to lose weight. 　我弄不明白她是怎樣保持身材的。她認(rèn)為鍛煉是最好的減肥方法。
[詞塊助記]
a slim figure　　　　　　 苗條的身材
a key figure 一個(gè)關(guān)鍵人物
the latest trade figures 最新的貿(mào)易數(shù)據(jù)
check up the figure 核對一下這個(gè)數(shù)字
a public/a leading/an authority figure
一個(gè)公眾/領(lǐng)軍/權(quán)威人物
up to　達(dá)到，直到；到……為止；由……決定；忙于；勝任；長達(dá)；多達(dá)
[一詞多義]——寫出下列句中up to的含義
①California condors are North America’s largest birds, with wing-length of up to 3 meters.長達(dá)；多達(dá)
②We all agree that he is up to the position.勝任
③What are you up to recently, Bob? I have not seen you for ages.忙于；做
④They have been learning English up to now, though in their advanced age.直到
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤生活只給我們時(shí)間和空間，如何去填充它由我們決定。
Life just gives us time and space. It’s__up__to__us__to__decide how to fill it.
⑥你是否勝任這份工作取決于你自己。我希望你不要辜負(fù)你父母的期望。
It’s__up__to__you whether you are up__to__the__job or not. I hope you can live up to your parents’ expectations.

It is up to you.　　　　 隨你的便/由你來決定。
It’s up to sb.to do sth. 應(yīng)由某人做某事?！?
[佳句背誦] The Story of the Stone has up to 60 translated versions in 23 different languages, which are the best resources for translation study of Chinese language and culture.
《紅樓夢》已經(jīng)被翻譯成23種不同語言， 多達(dá)60個(gè)版本， 是漢語語言文化翻譯研究的最佳資源。
[名師點(diǎn)津] (1)up to意為“勝任”時(shí)，通常用于疑問句或否定句中，to后面可接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。
(2)up to now常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。
make efforts　努力
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①a.(2018·全國卷Ⅲ)Many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to__take(take) the center stage.
b．(江蘇卷)More efforts, as reported, will be made in the years ahead to__accelerate(accelerate) the supply-side structural reform.
②(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)It is with great effort that our teachers and students have produced the short film.
[能力提升]——詞匯升級/完成句子
③(普通表達(dá))We must try our best to translate our ideal into reality. No one can achieve anything easily.
(高級表達(dá)) We must make__efforts/spare__no__effort to translate our ideal into reality. No one can achieve anything without__effort．
④(2018·浙江卷11月)為了找回我丟失的錢包，我只得向你求助。
In__an__effort__to recover my missing wallet, I have nothing to do but turn to you for help.

(1)make efforts/an effort/every effort to do sth.　　 盡一切努力做某事
spare no effort (to do sth.) 不遺余力(地做某事)
(2)with effort 努力地，艱難地
without effort 容易地，不費(fèi)力地
in an effort to do sth. 為了做某事
by/through one’s efforts 通過某人的努力　
[佳句背誦] No one is born a winner. People make themselves into winners by/through their own efforts.　任何人都不是天生的贏家。人們通過自己的努力才會(huì)贏。(2018·天津卷)
[名師點(diǎn)津] “盡一切努力做某事”的表達(dá)還有：try/do one’s best to do sth.; do all that sb.can to do sth.; do what sb.can to do sth.。

while用作并列連詞
(教材原句)Norway is at the top of the list, while the US is at number 7.
挪威高居榜首，而美國則排在第七。
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①(2017·全國卷Ⅱ)Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you’re trying to get work done.
②(2019·全國卷Ⅰ) While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D.
③(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
[能力提升]——句式升級
④(普通表達(dá))On the farm, we helped pick watermelons. While we were working, I realised how hard it was to work in the fields under a hot sun.(2019·北京卷)
(高級表達(dá)) On the farm, we helped pick watermelons.__While__working,__I realised how hard it was to work in the fields under a hot sun.(狀語從句的省略)

(1)while用作并列連詞，表示對比或轉(zhuǎn)折，意為“然而；可是”，用來連接兩個(gè)并列分句；
(2)while用作從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”，從句謂語動(dòng)詞要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞；
(3)while用作從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，表示“盡管；雖然”，從句往往位于主句之前；
(4)while用作從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，表示“只要”?！?
[名師點(diǎn)津] (1)while還可用作名詞，意為“(一段)時(shí)間”。常見短語：after a while 過了一會(huì)兒；in a short while 一會(huì)兒以后；once in a while 偶爾，間或。
(2)while和but有所不同，while用于對比，but表示轉(zhuǎn)折；當(dāng)同一個(gè)主語時(shí)應(yīng)用but，不用while表示轉(zhuǎn)折。
be of＋抽象名詞
(教材原句)It’s an agreement between towns or cities of similar size and age, and which have similar features such as tourism, industry, culture and entertainment.
這是大小和歷史相似的城鎮(zhèn)和城市之間的協(xié)議，它們有相似的特點(diǎn)，如旅游業(yè)、工業(yè)、文化和娛樂等。
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①(全國卷Ⅰ) The “Foreign Culture” section in our newspaper is of great popularity among us students.
②Now I am very happy in the new school because I have a lot of good friends of an age.
③The discovery of the new drug is of great importance(important) to people who suffer from heart trouble.
[能力提升]——詞匯升級
④(普通表達(dá))This reference book is useless to middle school students so we had better consider buying others.
(高級表達(dá))This reference book is of__no__use to middle school students so we had better consider buying others.

(1)be＋of＋抽象名詞，用來描述人或事物的特征，此結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可作表語或定語；
(2)“be of＋抽象名詞”可轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)的形容詞。這類名詞有value，use，importance，help，interest等。它們可用no，some，any，little，much，great等詞修飾；
(3)有些抽象名詞沒有相應(yīng)的形容詞形式，這類名詞有size，weight，height，length，width，age，opinion，colour，price，kind，type，shape，way, quality等。這類名詞根據(jù)具體的情景而變復(fù)數(shù)形式，也可在其前加冠詞。如果后面的名詞前有不定冠詞a/an，則這個(gè)冠詞相當(dāng)于the same?！?
[佳句背誦] As we all know, having a balanced diet is of great benefit to us.
眾所周知，均衡飲食對我們非常有益。

維度一　在空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式
1．(四川卷)In many people’s opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant to__deal(deal) with.
2．Now many parents choose to get their children educated(educate) at home rather than at school.
3．My father warned me against going to Beijing during National Day because it was__crowded(crowd) with tourists.
4．(江西卷)What’s the point, in your opinion, of helping him if he doesn’t make an effort to__help(help) himself?
5．A group discussion in class provides a chance for children to__exchange(exchange) their ideas.
維度二　在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~
1．We are in a difficult position in that we have nobody properly qualified for this work.
2．I have no idea whether the book is of great help to your English study.
3．This activity not only gave us a chance to get close to nature, but also gave us relaxation from our study.
4．(福建卷)It is said that body language accounts for 55 per cent of a first impression while what you say just 7 per cent.
5．I have trouble understanding English humour. More often than not, I can’t figure out what it is that makes them laugh.
維度三　派生詞練習(xí)
1．The two pictures are similar and it’s easy to find many similarities between them.Similarly,__you can also find some differences.(similar)
2．With the development of economy, people’s lives are becoming better and better.However, China is different from America, which is a__developed country.China is still a developing country.Therefore, we should study hard to make our country more powerful.(develop)
3．It was unfortunate to be caught in the rain.Even unfortunately,__we couldn’t find anyone to help us.At last we tried our fortune to find a shortcut.Fortunately,__we arrived home before dark.So we were also fortunate．(fortune)
4．The river in my hometown has been polluted by the waste from some local factories.The polluted water has destroyed the crops and caused many diseases, so the public are strongly calling on the government to stop the factories polluting the water and take measures to deal with the pollution．(pollute)
維度四　完成句子/句型轉(zhuǎn)換
1．你們應(yīng)該采取有效措施改善你們工人的工作環(huán)境。
You should take__effective__measures to improve your workers’ working conditions.
2．這兄弟倆很不同。一個(gè)喜歡讀書，而另一個(gè)酷愛運(yùn)動(dòng)。
The two brothers are very different. One likes reading, while__the__other__is__crazy__about__sports．
3．交通問題已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重影響了經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，因此，我們必須努力解決這些問題。
The traffic problems have severely affected economic development, so we must make__efforts__to__solve__them．
4．I do hope this book will be very valuable to him in his studies.
→I do hope this book will be of__great__value to him in his studies.

提能一　語段填空(短文中黑體部分為本模塊核心知識(shí)點(diǎn)，請補(bǔ)全短文，并背誦體會(huì)黑體部分用法)
Nearly all of the world’s undernourished people live in 1.developing(develop) countries. With little or no income, although they are 2.hungry(hunger) for a happy life, up to 10% of the people living in this city now get close 3.to poverty. The government is taking 4.measures(measure) to change their life. Firstly, all the children should 5.be__educated(educate). This is because they are in a position 6.where they should learn knowledge. Secondly, the government make efforts 7.to__improve(improve) the development of local economy greatly so far. Developing the tourism in 8.particular(particularly) is of great 9.importance(important). We figure that with the 10.development(develop) of economy, all the people there will live a happy life soon.
提能二　話題寫作(用本模塊詞匯、句式和語法知識(shí)寫滿分作文)
假設(shè)你是李華，請按以下要點(diǎn)寫一篇短文：比較無錫和青島兩座城市。
無錫
位于太湖北部，氣候溫和，交通中心，工業(yè)城市，致力于改善環(huán)境
青島
現(xiàn)代化城市，交通便利，致力于改善環(huán)境
1.補(bǔ)全要點(diǎn)句(黑體部分請用本模塊所學(xué)詞匯)
①無錫和青島，有相似的特點(diǎn)，它們都是成功發(fā)展的例子。
Wuxi and Qingdao have__similar__features,__both of which are examples of successful development.
②無錫位于太湖的北部，氣候溫和，降雨量豐富。
Wuxi lies__on__the__north__of Lake Taihu, a city with a mild climate and abundant rainfall.
③無錫不僅是一個(gè)重要的交通中心，而且是一個(gè)重要的工業(yè)城市。
Wuxi is an important transportation__centre as well as an important__industrial__city．
④相似的是，青島是一個(gè)現(xiàn)代化的城市，交通便利，適合居住。
Similarly,__Qingdao, a modern city with convenient transportation, is__pleasant__to__live__in．
⑤兩個(gè)城市都在采取措施改善環(huán)境，并努力使居民們過上更快樂的生活。
Both cities are not only taking__measures__to__improve the environment but also are making__efforts__to__help inhabitants live a happier life.
2．升級平淡句
⑥用完全倒裝句升級句②
On__the__north__of__Lake__Taihu__lies__Wuxi,__a__city__with__a__mild__climate__and__abundant__rainfall.
⑦用倒裝句升級句⑤
Not__only__are__both__cities__taking__measures__to__improve__the__environment__but__also__they__are__making__efforts__to__help__inhabitants__live__a__happier__life.
3．銜接成美文
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Wuxi and Qingdao have similar features, both of which are examples of successful development.
On the north of Lake Taihu lies Wuxi, a city with a mild climate and abundant rainfall. Wuxi is an important transportation centre as well as an important industrial city. Similarly, Qingdao, a modern city with convenient transportation, is pleasant to live in.
Not only are both cities taking measures to improve the environment but also they are making efforts to help inhabitants live a happier life.

(建議用時(shí)：35分鐘)
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
(2020·江西三校聯(lián)考)The cost of living in countries like the U．S., Britain, Australia or France has skyrocketed(飛漲) in recent years. However, if you’re willing to leave your country and explore life in other areas, there are many countries boasting an extremely cheap and low cost of living. Check out the following countries when planning your next move.
Ecuador
Ecuador is similar to the United States in many ways, and as a result has become a popular American getaway. They even use the U．S. dollar for their currency. In this country, it’s cheaper to eat out every day than cook for yourself on a budget in the U．S. You can even buy a property for around $50，000 and hire someone to tend to it while you’re away.
Mexico
Although the country is known for its poverty-ridden streets, there are many wealthier areas that provide every facility you might need. You can live off a mere $700 to $800 a month in Mexico, and this includes rent for a nice place, facilities, food, and any sightseeing.
Argentina
Argentina has been a popular tourist destination for many years. It has great restaurants, a rich history, and many places to explore. Not to mention, it’s not very expensive to live there. A decent sized home can cost around $139，000, which is relatively cheap in relation to homes in the United States.
Vietnam
Vietnam has also become a popular tourist destination in recent years. There are many million dollar luxury homes by the beach, but you can find a modest flat or small home for around $25，000 to $50，000 if you search in the right areas.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文介紹了四個(gè)生活成本低的宜居國家。
1．How much does it take at least to live in Mexico for a year?
A．About $7，000.　　　　　B．About $8，000.
C．About $8，400. D．About $9，800.
C　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“You can live off a mere $700 to $800 a month in Mexico, and this includes rent for a nice place, facilities, food, and any sightseeing.”，并結(jié)合題干可知，在墨西哥生活一年至少花費(fèi)：$700*12＝$8，400，故選C。
2．What does Argentina and Vietnam have in common?
A．They both have great restaurants.
B．The cost of living in them is both expensive.
C．The middle-sized homes both cost around $139，000.
D．People are all fond of travelling to the two countries.
D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“Argentina has been a popular tourist destination for many years.”和第五段第一句“Vietnam has also become a popular tourist destination in recent years.”可知，這兩個(gè)國家都受到旅游者的熱捧，故選D。
3．In which country did the purchaser probably pay extra money after he left?
A．Ecuador. B．Mexico.
C．Argentina. D．Vietnam.
A　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“You can even buy a property for around $50，000 and hire someone to tend to it while you’re away.”可推知，在厄瓜多爾雇人看房子是要付費(fèi)的，與題干吻和，故選A。
B
(2020·江西三校聯(lián)考)

A new study has shown how computers and robots powered by artificial intelligence can read human eye movements to “read” human personalities.
The eyes, they say, are the windows to the soul. And if that is true, computers and robots powered by sophisticated(復(fù)雜的) artificial intelligence algorithms(演算法) may soon have the ability to peer__into your soul. That is the result of a new study on the connection between eye movements and personality, conducted by neuroscience researchers based at the University of South Australia and published in the scientific journal Frontiers in Neuroscience.
“Eye movements during an everyday task predict aspects of our personality，” wrote the researchers, led by University of South Australia neuroscientist Tobias Loetscher, whose team followed 42 study subjects around the university campus recording their eye movements, then determined their personality traits with “well-established questionnaires” for determining the personality type, according to a summary of the study published by the site Science Daily.
The researchers fed the data into their AI algorithms and found that computers running the algorithms were able to record human eye movements and immediately determine a person’s major personality traits, such as “neuroticism, extraversion(外向), agreeableness, conscientiousness, as well as curiosity”， the scientists wrote.
“The new findings could improve the way human beings interact with their computers and other high-tech devices, even robots, allowing for more natural and realistic social interactions with machines，” Loetscher said.
“People are always looking for improved, personalized services. Today’s robots and computers are not socially aware so they cannot adapt to non-verbal information，” Loetscher said in a statement quoted by The Indian Express. This research provides opportunities to develop robots and computers so that they can become more natural, and better at interpreting human social signals.
The study revealed previously undiscovered relations between specific personality characteristics and specific eye movement tendencies, according to a summary in Britain’s Daily Mail newspaper.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文主要介紹了一項(xiàng)人工智能計(jì)算機(jī)和機(jī)器人通過讀人眼球的運(yùn)動(dòng)從而一窺人的個(gè)性的研究。
4．What do the underlined words “peer into” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Understand. B．Stare at.
C．Search for. D．Concern about.
A　解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“The eyes, they say, are the windows to the soul.”，并結(jié)合對第一段的整體理解可推知，此處peer into與第一段中的“read”相呼應(yīng)，故選A。
5．How did the researchers conduct the research?
A．It was carried out in a lab.
B．42 study subjects’ eye movements were recorded.
C．The students’ daily movements were tracked.
D．Its subjects’ personalities were determined by computer.
B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)對第三段的整體理解可知，這項(xiàng)研究是通過追蹤42個(gè)研究對象并記錄他們的眼球運(yùn)動(dòng)來開展的，故選B。
6．According to Tobias Loetscher, what can we know?
A．Robots and computers are socially conscious.
B．People care less about improved, personalized services.
C．Today’s robots and computers can accustom to non-verbal information.
D．The discovery will improve the interaction between human beings and machines.
D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)對倒數(shù)第三段的整體理解可知，這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)有助于改善人類和機(jī)器的互動(dòng)，故選D。
7．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Human Personality Traits
B．What Human Eye Movements Are
C．Tell Personalities by Eye Movements
D．How Humans and Machines Interact
C　解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第一段開篇點(diǎn)題，并結(jié)合對全文的整體理解可推知，本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了一項(xiàng)人工智能計(jì)算機(jī)和機(jī)器人通過讀人眼球的運(yùn)動(dòng)從而一窺人的個(gè)性的研究，故選C。
Ⅱ.七選五
(2020·沈陽教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測一)Whoever wrote the song “It’s the Most Wonderful Time of the Year” must have never experienced the holiday blues. Fortunately, psychological research suggests some effective ways you can use to beat the holiday blues. The key point is that sadness and other tough emotions are not what we should try to avoid. 1.________. Here are four strategies to help you make your own happiness recipe this holiday season.
Don’t force cheer
At family gatherings with cousins you secretly can’t stand, you tend to put on a happy face. Indeed, that might even seem like the most mature response—no drama, no conflict. But a 2011 study followed dozens of bus drivers, looking to see when they gave forced or honest smiles at their passengers. The results showed when the drivers pretended to have a good mood, their actual moods got worse. 2.________．
Let out sadness
The results of the bus-driver study can be explained by researchers, who find that negative feelings like sadness or anger only increase when we try to control them. 3.________. We don’t like contradictory behavior.
Respond cautiously
Recently, scientists have been paying special attention to the benefits of caution. When you respond cautiously to an emotional trigger, you pause rather than react at once. 4.________. Besides, it is associated with less anxiety, and may even carry physiological benefits.
5．________
Of course, the holidays will bring a mix of highs and lows, but the most important lesson to keep in mind is that this variety of emotions might be the best thing possible for your overall well-being. In other words, sadness, anger, and other difficult emotions are nothing to fear. Just make sure you’re balancing them with lighter experiences. And don’t forget to give yourself a break.
A．Relax your mind
B．Enjoy a mix of emotions
C．We tend to deny the important function emotions serve
D．Instead, they can help contribute to a healthy and happy life
E．So trying to force happiness seems to have the opposite effects
F．A cautious response to a negative event reduces sadness we experience
G．We feel bad when our appearance contradicts how we truly feel inside
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了緩解假期憂郁的四種策略。
1．D　解析：承接上文“The key point is that sadness and other tough emotions are not what we should try to avoid.”可知，負(fù)面情緒不是我們應(yīng)該試圖避免的，且與下文中的“Here are four strategies to help you make your own happiness recipe this holiday season.”銜接，并結(jié)合下文介紹的策略可推知，此處表示負(fù)面情緒反而有助于健康、快樂地生活，故選D。
2．E　解析：結(jié)合本段小標(biāo)題Don’t force cheer和對本段的整體理解可推知，強(qiáng)顏歡笑會(huì)適得其反，故選E。
3．G　解析：根據(jù)上文中的“negative feelings like sadness or anger only increase when we try to control them”和下文中的“We don’t like contradictory behavior.”可推知，此處表示當(dāng)我們的外表和內(nèi)心的情感不一致時(shí)我們會(huì)感覺很糟糕，故選G。
4．F　解析：根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題Respond cautiously以及空前一句中的“When you respond cautiously”和空后一句“Besides, it is associated with less anxiety, and may even carry physiological benefits.”可推知，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)符合語境，其中的“cautious response”也是提示。
5．B　解析：根據(jù)空處所在位置可知，空處是段落小標(biāo)題；根據(jù)對本段的整體理解可推知，本段主要講的是享受混合情緒，故選B。
Ⅲ.語法填空
(2020·惠州第二次調(diào)研)One habit of those people who are smarter than everyone else is to stay up late. In movies, the creative genius always works late into the midnight hours by candlelight—and perhaps this style 1.____________(root) in fact.
A study 2.____________ experts from the London School of Economics and Political Science found that people who tend to go to bed later have 3.____________(high) IQs. 4.____________ study authors believe the root of why this is lies in our evolution—because nighttime was a more dangerous time, and our ancestors who were to stay up instead of going to sleep 5.____________(need) to be more intelligent. Also, 6.____________(stay) awake into the night was a new idea 7.____________ was attractive to curious minds.
Today, our varying living rhythms may still reflect this. “Perhaps some smart people stay up later because their internal clocks are 8.____________(simple) different，” Dr. Wai says. “Or, perhaps they stay up later because they tend to be alone, and like being up late at night without distractions to think and solve their 9.____________(problem)．” But if you are a night owl, still remember 10.____________(get) your seven to nine hours of sleep.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　研究表明，有熬夜習(xí)慣的人有更高的智商。
1．is rooted　解析：考查固定用法。根據(jù)語境可知，這種電影的情節(jié)可能來源于真實(shí)情況。be rooted in sth.“起源于某事物”是固定用法，且此處敘述的是一般情況，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故填is rooted。
2．by　解析：考查介詞。根據(jù)語境可知，此處是說一項(xiàng)由專家所作的研究，故填by。
3．higher　解析：考查形容詞比較級。根據(jù)上下文及空前的“go to bed later”可知，這里是說睡覺更晚的人有更高的智商，故此處用high的比較級higher。
4．The　解析：考查冠詞。這里特指上文提到的研究的作者們，故用定冠詞The。
5．needed　解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)語境可知，此處敘述的是發(fā)生在過去的事情，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，故填needed。
6．staying　解析：考查動(dòng)名詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為動(dòng)名詞短語作主語。
7．that/which　解析：考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞a new idea，在從句中作主語，故填that/which。
8．simply　解析：考查副詞。修飾形容詞應(yīng)用副詞，故用simple的副詞形式simply修飾其后的形容詞different。
9．problems　解析：考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)句意“也許他們熬夜是因?yàn)樗麄儍A向于獨(dú)處，并且喜歡深夜全神貫注地來思考和解決問題”，且problem為可數(shù)名詞可知，此處應(yīng)用problem的復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填problems。
10．to get　解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。remember to do sth.“記得去做某事”為固定用法，故填to get。


英語朗讀寶
相關(guān)資料 更多
資料下載及使用幫助
版權(quán)申訴
版權(quán)申訴
若您為此資料的原創(chuàng)作者，認(rèn)為該資料內(nèi)容侵犯了您的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)，請掃碼添加我們的相關(guān)工作人員，我們盡可能的保護(hù)您的合法權(quán)益。
入駐教習(xí)網(wǎng)，可獲得資源免費(fèi)推廣曝光，還可獲得多重現(xiàn)金獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，申請 精品資源制作， 工作室入駐。
版權(quán)申訴二維碼
高考專區(qū)
歡迎來到教習(xí)網(wǎng)
  • 900萬優(yōu)選資源，讓備課更輕松
  • 600萬優(yōu)選試題，支持自由組卷
  • 高質(zhì)量可編輯，日均更新2000+
  • 百萬教師選擇，專業(yè)更值得信賴
微信掃碼注冊
qrcode
二維碼已過期
刷新

微信掃碼，快速注冊

手機(jī)號注冊
手機(jī)號碼

手機(jī)號格式錯(cuò)誤

手機(jī)驗(yàn)證碼 獲取驗(yàn)證碼

手機(jī)驗(yàn)證碼已經(jīng)成功發(fā)送，5分鐘內(nèi)有效

設(shè)置密碼

6-20個(gè)字符，數(shù)字、字母或符號

注冊即視為同意教習(xí)網(wǎng)「注冊協(xié)議」及「隱私條款」
QQ注冊
手機(jī)號注冊
微信注冊

注冊成功

返回
頂部