Unit 4 Sharing

基礎自主檢測

閱讀
識記
Ⅰ.英譯漢
1.fortnight n. 兩星期
2.platform n. 臺；平臺；講臺；(火車站的)月臺
3.comb n. 梳子
vi. 梳(發(fā))
4.catalogue n. 目錄
5.trunk n. 樹干；軀干；大衣箱
6.tailor n. 裁縫
vt. 剪裁；縫制(衣服)
Ⅱ.漢譯英
1.roof n. 屋頂；車頂
2.muddy adj. 泥濘的；泥土般的
3.concept n. 觀念；概念
4.remote adj. 遙遠的；偏僻的
5.privilege n. 特權；特別優(yōu)待
6.astronaut n. 宇航員；太空人
高頻
應用
1.textbook n. 教科書；課本　　　　
2.weekly adj.& adv. 每周(的)
3.otherwise conj. 否則；不然　adv. 用別的方法；其他方面
4.toast vt. 烤(面包等)；敬酒 　n. 烤面包(片)；吐司面包；干杯
5.purchase vt.& n. 買；購買
6.anniversary n. 周年紀念(日)
7.seed n. 種子；萌芽
8.click vi.& vt. (使) 發(fā)出咔噠聲　n. 咔噠聲
9.clinic n. 門診部；小診所
拓展
變形
1.relevant (adj.) 有關的；切題的→irrelevant (反義詞) (adj.) 無關緊要的；不切題的→relevance (n.) 有關；切題→relevantly (adv.) 有關地；切題地
2.adjust (vi.& vt.) 調(diào)整；(使)適合→adjustable (adj.) 可調(diào)整的→adjustment (n.) 調(diào)整；調(diào)節(jié)；適應
3.participate (vi.) 參與；參加→participation (n.) 參加；參與→participant (n.) 參與者
4.arrangement (n.) 安排；排列→arrange (v.) 安排；排列
5.angle (n.) 角；角度→angel (形近詞) (n.) 天使
6.donate (vt.) 捐贈→donation (n.) 捐贈；贈送→donator (n.) 捐贈者
7.voluntary (adj.) 自愿的；志愿的；無償?shù)摹鷙oluntarily (adv.) 志愿地→volunteer (v.) 自愿 (n.) 志愿者
8.economic (adj.) 經(jīng)濟的；經(jīng)濟學的→economy (n.) 經(jīng)濟→economical (adj.) 經(jīng)濟的；節(jié)約的；合算的
9.political (adj.) 政治的；政黨的→politics (n.) 政治→politician (n.) 政治家
10.distribute (vt.) 分配；分發(fā)→distribution (n.) 分配；分發(fā)；分布狀態(tài)
11.financial (adj.) 財務的；金融的；財政的→finance (n.) 財政；資金
12.security (n.) 安全；保護；保障→secure (adj.) 安全的；穩(wěn)定的 (vt.) (使)獲得；使安全；獲得安全
13.operate (vi.) 工作；運轉 (vt.) 操作→operation (n.) 手術；運轉→operator (n.) 操作人員

1.以“-s”結尾的非復數(shù)名詞
①politics 政治
②news 新聞
③physics 物理
④abacus 算盤
⑤economics 經(jīng)濟學
⑥linguistics 語言學
2.常用“-y”結尾的形容詞一覽
①muddy 泥濘的
②sunny 陽光充足的
③windy 多風的；夸夸其談的
④rainy 多雨的
⑤cloudy 多云的；陰天的
⑥foggy 霧氣蒙蒙的
⑦stormy 狂風暴雨般的
⑧snowy 積雪覆蓋的
3.含“-able”后綴的高頻形容詞
①adjustable 可調(diào)節(jié)的
②respectable 可敬的
③adaptable 可適應的
④reasonable 合理的
⑤agreeable 欣然同意的
⑥variable 可變化的

一 動詞＋介/副詞
1．hear from 收到……的信
2．come across 偶然遇到
3．stick out 伸出
4．get through 完成；穿過；接通電話
5．participate in 參與……；參加……
6．dry out (河流、井等)干涸
7．provide ... for ... 為……提供……
二 be＋形容詞＋介詞
8．(be) dying to 極想；渴望
9．be relevant to ... 和……有關
三 其他
10．the other day 不久前的一天
11．make a difference to 對……有影響；起作用
12．in need 在困難中；在危急中

1．“v.＋from”短語
①hear from 收到……的信
②date from 追溯到
③result from 由于
④escape from 從……逃脫
⑤benefit from 從……中獲益
2．“與……有關”多種表達
①be relevant to 與……有關
②be related to 與……有關
③be connected with 與……有關
④in connection with 與……有關/相連
⑤be associated with 與……有關

_________________________________________________________________

1．“名詞/代詞/數(shù)詞＋of＋which/whom ...”引導定語從句
Sometimes I wonder how relevant chemistry is to these students, most_of_whom (他們中的大多數(shù)人) will be going back to their villages after Year 8 anyway.(教材P29)
2．doubt whether ... “懷疑是否……”
To be honest, I doubt_whether (懷疑是否) I'm making any difference to these boys' lives at all.(教材P29)
3．do/does/did＋動詞原形，對句子的謂語進行強調(diào)
But last weekend another teacher, Jenny, and I did_visit (確實拜訪了) a village which is the home of one of the boys, Tombe.(教材P29)
4．“介詞＋where”引導的定語從句
We walked for two and a half hours to get there—first up a mountain to a ridge from_where (從那里) we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below.(教材P29)
5．“adj.＋enough” 結構
There were no windows and the doorway was just big__enough__to_get_through (足夠大以進入). (教材P30)
6．what if “如果……將會怎樣；如果……怎么辦”
She was dying to see him again but what_if_he_didn't_want_to_see_her (如果他不想見她怎么辦)？(教材P32)
7．not ... but ... “不是……而是……”，連接并列成分
The gift you give is not (不是) something your loved one keeps but (而是) a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it.(教材P34)

單句語法填空
1．Thanks for your letter, ________ took a fortnight to arrive.
答案：which
2．I know you're dying ________ (hear) all about my life here.
答案：to hear
3．The other day I was showing the boys the weekly chemistry experiment ________， before I knew it, the mixture was bubbling over everywhere!
答案：when
4．The boys ________ had never come across anything like this before started jumping out of the windows.
答案：who
5．That's ________ (actual) quite difficult as I don't speak much of the local English dialect yet.
答案：actually
6．There were no windows and the doorway was just big enough to get ________.
答案：through
7．Usually Kiak would sleep in her own hut, but that night she was going to share the platform ________ us.
答案：with
8．He then covered the vegetables ________ banana leaves and left them to steam.
答案：with
9．We ate inside the hut ________ (sit) round the fire.
答案：sitting
10．I loved listening to the family softly talking to each other in their language, even though I could not participate ________ the conversation.
答案：in
考點步步?jīng)_關

1 adjust　vi.& vt.調(diào)整；(使)適合
The hut was dark inside so it took time for our eyes to adjust.(P30)
小屋內(nèi)很黑，因此眼睛要過好一陣才能適應過來。
(1)adjust ... to ... 調(diào)整……以適應……
adjust to sth./doing sth. 適應(做)某事
adjust oneself to 使自己適應于
(2)adjustment n. 調(diào)整；調(diào)節(jié)；適應
make an adjustment 作出調(diào)整
(3)adjustable adj. 可調(diào)整的
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時練1
單句語法填空
①This kind of desk can be ________ (adjust) to the height you need. Besides, it's not expensive at all.
②We have made an ________ (adjust) to our price and give you a special discount of 3 percent.
③When a child is studying abroad, he must learn to adjust to ________ (live) on his own.
答案：①adjusted?、赼djustment?、踠iving
一句多譯
在高中時邁克的媽媽為他做了幾乎所有的事情。這讓他難以適應大學第一年的生活。
④Mike's mother did almost everything for him when he was in high school, ____________________________________________.(定語從句)
⑤Mike's mother did almost everything for him when he was in high school, ________________________________________.(現(xiàn)在分詞作結果狀語)
答案：④which made it difficult for him to adjust to the first-year college life?、輒aking it difficult for him to adjust to the first-year college life
2 participate　vi.參加；參與
I loved listening to the family softly talking to each other in their language, even though I could not participate in the conversation. (P30)
我很喜歡聽這家人輕聲細語地談話，盡管我不能參與到他們的談話中。
(1)participate in (doing) sth.參加(做)某事
participate with sb. in sth. 與某人分擔某事；同某人一起參與某事
(2)participant n. 參加者；參與者
participation n. 參與；參加
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時練2
單句寫作
①在老師的鼓勵下，參與者積極參加英語演講比賽。他們的參與鼓勵了班上其他人努力學習。
Encouraged by the teacher, the ________ actively ____________ the English speech contest. Their ________ inspired the rest of the class to study hard.
答案：participants; participated in; participation
單句寫作——詞匯升級
②有那么多的學生參加比賽，你要保持你的冠軍地位很難。
a．普通表達：
So many students ________________ the competition, so it is difficult for you to hold your championship.
b．高級表達：
____________________________ the competition, it is difficult for you to hold your championship.(with復合結構)
答案：a.take part in　b．With so many students participating in
3 donate　vt.捐贈；贈送
Would you like to donate an unusual gift？(P34)
你愿意捐獻一份不平常的禮物嗎？(1)donate ... to ... 把……捐贈給……
(2)donation n. 捐贈；捐獻
donation of ... ……的捐贈
make a donation to 向……捐贈
(3)donator n. 捐贈者
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時練3
單句語法填空
①Besides, we have made a ________ (donate) of some money, expecting that it can help you go through the difficulty.
②The doctor is looking for a ________ (donate) with the rare blood type.
③Yesterday, our school held a charity benefit, and many people made donations ________ the Green Project Hope.
答案：①donation?、赿onator　③to
單句寫作——句式升級
④這位老人為學校捐獻了很多錢，讓學生們重返教室。
a．普通表達：
The old man ________________________ the school. It enables the students to return to their classrooms.
b．高級表達：
________________________________________________
________________________________________________(分詞作狀語)
答案：a.donated a lot of money to　b．The old man donated a lot of money to the school, enabling the students to return to their classrooms.
4 operate　vi.工作；運轉；動手術　vt.操作
This gift covers the cost of exercise books and textbooks for community primary schools that operate in poor or remote villages.(P35)
這份禮物包括貧窮或偏遠村莊社區(qū)小學的練習本和課本的費用。
(1)operate on sb. 給某人做手術
(2)operation n. 操作；手術；運轉
in operation 工作中；使用中；生效
perform an operation 做手術
put sth. into operation 實施某事；使某物運轉
come into operation 開始工作；開始生效
operating system (計算機)操作系統(tǒng)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時練4
寫出下列句中operate的含義
①People were trapped between floors because the lift didn't operate properly.________
②No matter which machine he operates, he will deal with it carefully.________
③If the doctor had operated on him earlier, he wouldn't have died. ________
④The medicine will operate in ten minutes.________
⑤The people operating these factories are deeply concerned about the environment.________
答案：①運轉　②操作?、圩鍪中g?、芷鹱饔谩、萁?jīng)營
單句語法填空
⑥For most people, it's almost impossible ________ (operate) a computer without a mouse, let alone surf the Internet.
⑦With an increasing number of students, the ________ (operate) of the system does involve a lot of activities.
⑧We're all ready to put it ________ operation; in other words, we're going to take action as fast as possible.
答案：⑥to operate?、遫peration?、鄆nto

1
(be) dying to do sth. 渴望做某事
教材
原句
I know you're dying to hear all about my life here, so I've included some photos which will help you picture the places I talk about.(P29)
我知道你急于了解我在這里的生活情況，所以我在信中附有幾張照片，會幫助你想象出我所談到的地方。
(1) 渴望得到某物
(2)
(3)die of/from 死于
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時練1
單句語法填空
①We've been walking for an hour, I'm dying ________ a cold drink.
②Mike is eager ________ (stay) away from the busy city life for a while.
③The animals died ________ starvation in the snow.
答案：①for　②to stay?、踥f
一句多譯
退休后，這位老人渴望回到家鄉(xiāng)度過余生。
④The old man ____________________________ for the rest of his life after his retirement. (dying)
⑤The old man ______________________________ for the rest of his life after his retirement. (long)
答案：④is dying to go back to his hometown　⑤is longing to go back to his hometown
2
in need 在困難中；在危急中
教材
原句
... bring hope for a better future to a community in need.(P34)
……給急需幫助的社區(qū)帶來改善未來的希望。
in need of 需要……
satisfy/meet one's needs 滿足某人的需要
needn't have done ... 本來沒必要做而做了……
There is no need (for sb.) to do ... (某人)沒必要做……
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時練2
單句語法填空
①Thousands of people donated money and food to children ________ need.
②Your project is intended to meet their ________ (need), so you must consider their opinions.
③We needn't ________ (pack) our thick clothes. The weather was really warm.
④There is no need ________ (put) the meeting ahead because we still have three weeks before the end of the term.
⑤As he was in need ________ money, he was forced to sacrifice the furniture.
答案：①in?、趎eeds　③have packed　④to put　⑤of

1
We walked for two and a half hours to get there—first up a mountain to a ridge from_where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below.(P29)
翻譯
我們步行了兩個半小時才到達那里——先是爬山，爬到山脊，從那里我們看到了奇妙的景色，然后走下一個陡坡，一直走到下邊的山谷。
句中from where引導的定語從句修飾a ridge，關系副詞where前一般不加介詞，但from where卻是個例外。此處from where相當于and from there (從那兒)，用于引導非限制性定語從句。如：
He hid himself in a tree, from where he could see the enemy in the distance.
他躲在一棵樹上，從那兒他可以看到遠處的敵人。
[名師點津]　在“介詞＋關系詞”型定語從句中，關系詞常為which和whom，而關系副詞where和when之前一般不加介詞，除了from where外，還有since when(相當于and from then)也屬特例，需特別注意。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時練1
單句語法填空
①His head soon appeared out of the window, from ________ he saw nothing but trees.
②I have bought that house, and from ________ I can enjoy the beautiful scene of Yangpu Bridge.
③My cousin graduated from Beijing Normal University in 2008, since ________ he has worked as a teacher in a middle school.
答案：①where?、趖here　③when
一句多譯
艾麗斯站在窗戶旁邊，從那里她可以觀看同學們踢足球。
④Alice stood at the window, and ____________________________ her classmates playing football.
⑤Alice stood at the window, ____________________________ her classmates playing football.
答案：④from there she could watch?、輋rom where she could watch
2
The gift you give is not something your loved one keeps but a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it.(P34)
翻譯
你送的禮物不是給你所愛的人，而是給那些確實有生活需要的人的一項志愿性捐助。
not ... but ... “不是……而是……”，在句中連接兩個表語。當連接兩個并列主語時，謂語的單復數(shù)形式應同就近的主語保持一致。符合“就近一致”原則的連接詞組還有：
(1)not only ... but also ... 不但……，而且……
(2)neither ... nor ... 既不……，也不……
(3)either ... or ... 或者……，或者……
[名師點津]　“not only ... but also ...”連接兩個分句且not only位于句首時，前一分句用倒裝結構，后一分句不用倒裝。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時練2
單句寫作
①不是乘客而是司機應對這次事故負責。
Not passengers but the driver ________________ for the accident.
②老實說，有時候投票者感到惱怒不是因為他們討厭投票，而是因為他們在情感和公平之間左右為難。
To be honest, voters sometimes feel annoyed, ______________， but because they are divided between emotion and fairness.
③我們不僅可以展出我們俱樂部的作品，而且還可以讓一位這一領域的著名藝術家為我們制作一套有價值的剪紙。
______________ our club's works be displayed, but we also will have a valuable set of paper-cuttings created by a famous artist of this field.
④真正重要的不是你將給我們多少錢，而是你會出席這個儀式。
Not how much money you will give us but that you are present at the ceremony really ________.
答案：①is to blame?、趎ot because they hate voting?、跱ot only will?、躮atters

定語從句綜述及限制性定語從句
定語從句基本概念
　在主從復合句中作定語修飾名詞或代詞的句子，被稱作定語從句。定語從句一般跟在先行詞后面。
①The exact year was 2008. Angela and her family spent the year together in China.
→The exact year which/that Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.
Angela和她的家人一起在中國度過的那一年確切來說是2008年。
定語從句常用關系詞
關系代詞：that, which, who, whom, whose, as
關系副詞：when, where, why
1．that/which關系代詞指代物，在從句中充當主語或賓語，在介詞后只能用which。
②Maybe you have a habit. The habit is driving your family crazy.
→Maybe you have a habit which/that is driving your family crazy.
或許你有一個使你家人抓狂的習慣。
2．that/who/whom 關系代詞指代人，that/who在從句中充當主語或賓語；whom 在從句中充當賓語，在介詞后只能使用whom。
③Have you sent thankyou notes to your friends? You received gifts from them.
→Have you sent thank-you notes to your friends from whom you received gifts?
你給那些你從他們那兒收到禮物的朋友們寄送感謝便條了嗎？
3．whose 關系代詞即可指人又可指物，在從句中作定語。
④A company whose profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.
來自國內(nèi)市場的利潤正在下降的公司可能向國外尋求機會。
4．a(chǎn)s關系代詞引導限制性定語從句，先行詞前有so, as, such, the same等詞修飾，先行詞在從句中充當主語、賓語或表語。
⑤This is the same pen as I bought yesterday.
這和我昨天買的那支鋼筆一樣。
5．when引導定語從句，在從句中充當時間狀語，相當于“in/at/on which”。
⑥I'm looking forward to the day. My daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her on the day.
→I'm looking forward to the day on which/when my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.
我一直期待著我女兒能讀懂這本書并且知道我對她感情的那一天。
6．where 引導定語從句，在從句中充當?shù)攸c狀語，相當于“介詞＋which”。
⑦Students should involve themselves in community activities. In the activities they can gain experience for growth.
→Students should involve themselves in community activities in which/where they can gain experience for growth.
學生們應該參與到社區(qū)活動，從中他們能獲得成長的經(jīng)驗。
7．why 引導定語從句，在從句中充當原因狀語，相當于for which。
⑧This is the reason. I'm in favor of the plan for this reason.
→This is the reason for which/why I'm in favor of the plan.
這是我贊成這個計劃的原因。
8．當先行詞為the way, 并且關系詞在從句中作方式狀語時，可以用that，也可以用in which，還可以省略。
⑨What surprised me was not what he said but the way (that/in which) he said it.
令我吃驚的不是他說的話而是他說話的方式。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
即時練
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1．This is the little girl ________ parents were killed in the earthquake.
答案：whose
2．Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon________ school education depends.
答案：which
3．As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time________ he should be able to be independent.
答案：when
4．I was impressed by the way ________ which she did it.
答案：in
5．They have reached the point ________ they have to separate with each other.
答案：where
Ⅱ.單句改錯
1．Do you know the professor whom is speaking at the meeting?
________________________________________________
答案：whom→that/who
2．Where is the book which I bought it this morning?
________________________________________________
答案：去掉it
3．You are the only one of the family whom has received education.
________________________________________________
答案：whom→that/who
4．The reason which I didn't finish my homework was that I had a terrible headache.
________________________________________________
答案：which→why
5．The first place where they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
________________________________________________
答案：where→that
基礎達標演練
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1．My parents had trouble adjusting to ________ (live) in an apartment.
答案：living
2．The doctor said that the patient had to be operated ________ at once, which made us all worried.
答案：on
3．It was ________ privilege to perform on the same stage with such a superstar.
答案：a
4．The application WeChat provides a networking platform ________ communication is faster and easier.
答案：where
5．If this product does not give you complete satisfaction, please return it to the manufacturer, stating when it ________ (purchase)．
答案：is purchased
6．During the last three decades, the number of people ________ (participate) in physical fitness programmes has increased sharply.
答案：participating
7．After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, Chinese astronauts are ________ (die) to walk in space.
答案：dying
8．A local woman has given her nine-month baby a second life by ________ (donate) part of her liver on Sunday.
答案：donating
9．The typhoon swept the ________ (roof) of many houses, causing great damage to the local people.
答案：roofs
10．Not the way he did it ________ his words were criticized by the people present.
答案：but
Ⅱ.單句改錯
1．Yesterday there was a sports meeting in our school with hundreds of students participating.
________________________________________________
答案：participating后加in
2．It is no need for us to wish for the things that don't belong to us.
________________________________________________
答案：It→There
3．The little girl was finally found hidden behind the door, from there she could hear what her parents said.
________________________________________________
答案：there→where
4．Being abroad for so many years, I always look forward to hear from my family.
________________________________________________
答案：hear→hearing
5．According to today's news report, so far a large sum of money has donated to the disaster-stricken area to help the homeless people get through the hardship.
________________________________________________
答案：has后加been
Ⅲ.教材微寫作
A．根據(jù)提示完成句子
1．兩周前，一個偏遠的村莊不幸遭遇了洪災。(remote)
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
答案：A fortnight ago, a remote village was struck by floods unfortunately.
2．據(jù)報道，很多人積極為困境中的人們捐款。(in need)
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
答案：It's reported that a great number of people donated money to the people who were in need.
3．此外，還有些人為幸存者買了很多必需品。(purchase; necessity)
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
答案：In addition, others purchased necessities for the survivors.
4．令我們非常高興的是，很多志愿者也參與到了救援工作中。(participate in)
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
答案：Much to our delight, a great many volunteers also participated in the rescue work.
5．事實上，大家都渴望為他們做點什么。(be dying to)
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
答案：Actually, everyone was dying to do something for them.
6．在大家的共同努力下，這個村莊很快得到了重建。(rebuild)
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
答案：It was with the joint efforts that the village was rebuilt soon.
B．將以上句子連成一篇邏輯嚴密的短文，注意書寫規(guī)范

答案：A fortnight ago, a remote village was struck by floods unfortunately. It's reported that a great number of people donated money to the people who were in need. In addition, others purchased necessities for the survivors. Much to our delight, a great many volunteers also participated in the rescue work. Actually, everyone was dying to do something for them. It was with the joint efforts that the village was rebuilt soon.

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