Unit 2 The Olympic Games

基礎自主檢測

閱讀識記
Ⅰ.英譯漢
1.gymnastics n. (pl.) 體操；體能訓練
2.stadium n. (露天大型)體育場
3.gymnasium n. 體育館；健身房
4.poster n. 海報；招貼
5.glory n. 光榮；榮譽
Ⅱ.漢譯英
1.magical adj. 巫術的；魔術的；有魔力的
2.homeland n. 祖國；本國
3.athlete n. 運動員；運動選手
4.motto n. 座右銘；格言；警句
5.swift adj. 快的；迅速的
高頻應用
1.ancient adj. 古代的；古老的
2.medal n. 獎牌；獎章；勛章；紀念章
3.basis n. 基礎；根據
4.nowadays adv. 現今；現在
5.replace vt. 取代；替換；代替
6.charge vt.& vi. 收費；控訴　n. 費用；主管
7.physical adj. 物理的；身體的
8.fine vt. 罰款
9.bargain vi. 討價還價；講條件　n. 便宜貨
10.deserve vi.& vt. 應受(報答或懲罰)；值得
拓展變形
1.compete (vi.) 比賽；競爭→competition (n.) 競爭；比賽→competitive (adj.) 競爭的；有競爭力的→competitor (n.) 競爭者
2.volunteer (n.) 志愿者；志愿兵 (adj.) 志愿的；義務的 (vt.& vi.) 自愿→voluntary (adj.) 自愿的；志愿的
3.regular (adj.) 規(guī)則的；定期的；常規(guī)的→regulation (n.) 規(guī)則；規(guī)章制度
4.admit (vt. & vi.) 容許；承認；接納→admission (n.) 準入；準許→admitted (過去式/過去分詞)
5.slave (n.) 奴隸→slavery (n.) 奴隸制
6.host (vt.) 做東；主辦；招待 (n.) 主人→hostess (n.) 女主人
7.responsibility (n.) 責任；職責→responsible (adj.) 有責任心的
8.advertise (vt.& vi.) 做廣告；登廣告→advertisement (n.) 廣告→advertiser (n.) 廣告商
9.hopeless (adj.) 沒有希望的；絕望的→hope (v.& n．) 希望→hopeful (adj.) 充滿希望的
10.pain (n.) 疼痛；痛苦→painful (adj.) 疼痛的；痛苦的→painless (adj.) 無痛的；輕松的


1.含“-serve”的高頻動詞
①deserve 應受；值得
②conserve 保存；保守
③observe 觀察；遵守；慶祝
④preserve 保存；保護
⑤reserve 保留；預訂
2.雙寫輔音字母的過去式、過去分詞和現在分詞
①admit：admitted/admitted/admitting
②permit：permitted/permitted/permitting
③plan：planned/planned/planning
④refer：referred/referred/referring
⑤prefer: preferred/preferred/preferring
⑥beg：begged/begged/begging
⑦hug：hugged/hugged/hugging
3.后綴-less構成的形容詞集錦
①hopeless 無望的
②careless 粗心的
③doubtless 無疑的
④helpless 無助的
⑤restless 不安的
⑥homeless 無家可歸的
⑦useless 無用的
⑧countless 無數的


一 動詞＋介/副詞
1.stand for 代表；象征；表示
2.pick up 拾起；撿起；用車接某人
二 動詞＋名詞＋介詞
3.take part in 參加；參與
4.play a role in 在……中起作用；在……中扮演角色
5.take the place of 代替……
6.make a bargain with 與……達成協議
三 介詞＋名詞
7.as a matter of fact 事實上
8.in charge 主管；看管；負責
四 其他
9.reach the standard 達到標準
10.as well 也；又；還
11.one after another 一個接一個地
12.apart from 除了

1.“動詞＋for”短語小結
①stand for代表；表示
②run for競選
③beg for乞求
④care for關心；喜歡
⑤long for渴望
⑥hope/wish for希望得到
2.有無定冠詞意義不同的短語
①in charge of 主管；看管
in the charge of 被……掌管
②in control of 控制；管理
in the control of 被……控制
③in possession of 占有；擁有
in the possession of 被……占有；為……所有
④out of question 毫無疑問
out of the question 不可能
3.“as”開頭的高頻短語一覽
①as well 也；又；還
②as a matter of fact 事實上；實際上
③as a result 結果
④as usual 照例；照常
⑤as follows 如下
⑥as is mentioned above 如上所說


1.nor放于句首的倒裝句
No other countries could join in, nor could slaves or women (奴隸和婦女也不能參加)！(教材P10)
2.not only ... but (also) ... “不僅……而且……”
Women are not only allowed (不但被允許), but play a very important role in (而且在……中發(fā)揮重要作用)gymnastics, athletics, team sports and ... (教材P10)
3.as much＋不可數名詞＋as ... “和……(在程度上)是一樣的”
There's as much competition (許多競爭) among countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympic medals (跟爭奪奧運獎牌一樣激烈)．(教材P10)
4.the＋比較級，the＋比較級 “越……就越……”
This is important because the more you speak English, the better your English will become (你說英語越多，你的英語就越好)．(教材P16)


單句語法填空
1.Pausanias, who was a (Greece) writer about 2,000 years ago, has come on a (magic) journey on March 18th, 2007 to find out about the present－day Olympic Games.
答案：Greek; magical
2.I lived in you call “Ancient Greece” and I used to write about the Olympic Games a long time ago.
答案：what
3.Only athletes have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted competitors.
答案：who; as
4.It's in the Summer Olympics you have the running races, together swimming, sailing and all the team sports.
答案：that; with
5. a matter of fact, every country wants the opportunity.
答案：As
6.It's a great (responsible) but also a great honour to be chosen.
答案：responsibility
7.If you are discovered, you will (fine).
答案：be fined
8.But she was not allowed (run) and win glory for herself in the Olympic Games.
答案：to run
9.She was angry that she said to her father that she would not marry anyone could not run faster than her.
答案：so; who
10.There was a man (call) Hippomenes who was amazed when he heard of Atalanta's rules.
答案：called

考點步步沖關

1 admit　vt.& vi.容許；承認；接納；容納
Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as competitors.(P10)
只有達到他們各自項目統(tǒng)一標準的運動員才會被接受參加奧運會。
(1)admit＋n./doing/that從句　承認某事/做了某事
admit to sb. that 向某人承認
be admitted as作為……被接受
be admitted to/into獲準進入/加入
It is admitted that ... 人們公認……
(2)admission n．進入；許可；入場費；承認，坦白



即時練1
單句寫作
①本杰明被迫承認了他一直在做的事情。
Benjamin was forced to .
②當警察審訊他時，喬治承認他偷了那輛車。
When the police questioned him, George the car.
③我無法向父母實話實說，我覺得這門課程很難。
I couldn't I was finding the course difficult.
④人們公認，讀書在很大程度上是一個私人活動，它需要安靜和專心。
reading is mostly a personal activity which needs quietness and concentration.
⑤她未被自己選擇的大學錄取。
She failed to gain the university of her choice.
答案：①admit what he had been doing?、赼dmitted having stolen?、踑dmit to my parents that　④It is admitted that?、輆dmission to

2 replace　vt.取代；替換；把……放回原處
So even the olive wreath has been replaced！(P10)
就連橄欖枝花環(huán)也被取代了！
(1)replace sb./sth.＝take the place of sb./sth. 取代某人/某物
replace sth. with/by sth. 用……替換……
(2)in place of sb.＝in one's place 代替某人
take one's place＝take the place of sb. 代替某人

即時練2
單句語法填空
①It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced a modern hotel or not.
②It is generally believed that teachers will never (replace) by computers in class.
答案：①with/by　②be replaced
句型轉換
③John is ill and I want to know who is going to replace him.
→John is ill and I want to know who is going to .
答案：take his place/take the place of him

3 charge　n．費用；主管　
vt.& vi.收費；控訴；充電
... duty to be in charge and get in trouble if things go wrong(P12)
……負擔責任，出了差錯后會陷入麻煩
(1)charge sb. for sth.為某物向某人收費
charge sb. with (doing) sth.指控某人(做)某事
(2)in charge of主管；看管；負責
in the charge of ... 在……掌管之下
take charge of負責；掌管
free of charge免費
[名師點津]　(1)in charge of往往以人作主語，指“某人負責/主管某事”；in the charge of往往以物作主語，指“某物由某人主管”。類似的還有in possession of和in the possession of, in control of和in the control of等。
(2)charge和accuse都有“指控，控告”之意，但是charge常與介詞with搭配，而accuse常與介詞of搭配。

即時練3
單句語法填空
①As long as you've paid in advance, we won't charge you delivery.
②Bob was charged the murder, but he refused to admit it.
③He took charge the company while the boss was absent.
④We can deliver goods to your door free charge.
答案：①for　②with?、踥f　④of
一句多譯
湯姆在老板不在時負責這家公司。
⑤The company Tom while the boss is away.
⑥Tom the company while the boss is away.
⑦Tom the company while the boss is away.
答案：⑤is in the charge of?、辤s in charge of?、遲akes charge of

4 bargain　vi.討價還價；講條件　
n．便宜貨
,Her father said that she must marry, so Atalanta made a bargain with him.(P14)
父親說她必須結婚，于是亞特蘭大就和她的父親達成了一個協議。
(1)bargain with sb. about/over/for sth.和某人就某事討價還價
(2)make a bargain with sb.和某人達成協議
(3)a good/bad bargain買得合算/不合算
It's a real bargain. 這可真是個便宜貨。
[名師點津]　bargain用作名詞時為可數名詞，常和不定冠詞連用。

即時練4
單句語法填空
①He bargained the assistant, trying to buy the bicycle at a low price.
②I bought some used furniture at the Sunday Market and it was real bargain.
答案：①with?、赼
單句寫作
③我第一次見到她時，她正在為一條裙子和老板討價還價。
She with the storekeeper a skirt when I first met her.
答案：was bargaining; about/over/for

5 deserve　vi. & vt.值得；應受(報答或懲罰)
Do you think Hippomenes deserved to win the race？(P15)
你認為希波墨涅斯應該(算)贏得比賽嗎？
(1)deserve sth. 值得；應受
(2)deserve to do sth. 應該做某事
(3)deserve doing/to be done應受；值得
(4)deserving adj.值得的；應得的
[名師點津]　deserve后接名詞或doing sth.，常用主動形式表示被動意義，等于接動詞不定式的被動式to be done，該用法與want, need, require的用法相同。

即時練5
單句寫作
①無論一個工作多么普通，它在社會中都起著一份作用，所以值得我們的尊重。
No matter how ordinary a job is, it plays a part in society and therefore .
②他活該輸掉比賽，因為他作弊了。
He in the competition because he cheated.
③正是那些甘愿奉獻而不索取的人才值得尊敬。
It is those who are willing to give rather than receive that .
④這個男人每年都要捐錢給一個值得贊助的事業(yè)。
The man donates money to a cause every year.
答案：①deserves our respect?、赿eserves to lose　③deserve respecting/to be respected?、躣eserving


1
take part in 參加；參與
教材
原句
Who could not take part in the ancient Olympic Games？(P9)
誰不能參加古代奧運會？
take part in＝join in 參加
take an active part in積極參加……
play a part/role in 在……中起作用；在……中扮演角色
[名師點津]　(1)take part in是固定短語，part前一般不用冠詞，但是當part前有形容詞修飾時，形容詞前要用不定冠詞。
(2)在使用take part in時，若其后無賓語，則不加介詞in。

即時練1
單句改錯
①It goes without saying that taking active part in social activities can broaden our horizons.

②Any student who is interested in this activity is welcome to take part in.

答案：①active前加an?、谌サ舻诙€in或第二個in后加it
單句寫作
③參加生態(tài)旅游，你就會發(fā)現這項活動有助于你理解自然的重要性。
eco－travel and you will find it will help you understand the importance of nature.
④中國在國際事務中正起著越來越重要的作用。
China is the international affairs.
答案：③Take part in　④playing a more important part in

2
used to 過去常常；過去曾經(后接動詞原形)
教材
原句
I used to write about the Olympic Games a long time ago. (P9)
很久以前，我常常寫一些關于奧運會的情況。
(1)否定形式：used not to＋動詞原形＝usedn't to＋動詞原形或did not use to＋動詞原形＝didn't use to＋動詞原形
(2)疑問形式：used＋主語＋to＋動詞原形＝did＋主語＋use＋to＋動詞原形
(3)There used to be ... 過去曾經有……；過去曾存在……
(4)be used to do sth. 被用來做某事
be/get used to doing sth. 習慣于做某事

即時練2
單句語法填空
①I used to (smoke), but I gave it up a couple of years ago.
②He gets used to (get) up early.
③Knives are used (cut) things.
答案：①smoke?、趃etting?、踭o cut

3
as well 也；又；還(常放在句子末尾，作為副詞短語使用)
教材
原句
For each Olympics, a special village is built for them to live in, a main reception building, several stadiums for competitions, and a gymnasium as well.(P10)
每屆奧運會都有一個特殊的村莊(奧運村)供參賽的人住，一個主要的接待大樓、好幾個供比賽用的體育場，還有一個室內體育館。
(1)as well as用作連詞，連接兩個相同成分，如：名詞、形容詞、動詞、介詞等，通常不位于句首。此時as well as強調的重點在前面，意為“不但……而且……；既……又……；除了……之外，還有……”。
(2)as well as作介詞，相當于besides, in addition to，意為“除……之外，還……”，后面通常接名詞或動詞-ing形式。
(3)當主語含有as well as時，謂語動詞須和as well as前面的主語在數上保持一致。
(4)may/might as well表示委婉的建議，一般是針對當時的情況提出另外的提議，意思是“不妨；還是……的好”。

即時練3
單句語法填空
①I'll do some reading for fun and for knowledge well.
②The deadline for the project is around the corner, so we as well get some help.
③The teacher as well as his students (be) going to take part in this activity.
答案：①as　②may/might?、踚s


1
No other countries could join in, nor could slaves or women! (P10)
翻譯
別的國家不能參加，奴隸和婦女也不能參加！
(1)句型“nor/neither＋系動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞＋另一個主語”用于否定陳述句之后，表示“……也不”。
(2)句型“so＋系動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞＋另一個主語”用于肯定陳述句之后，表示前面所說的情況也適用于另一個人或物。
(3)句型“so it is/was with＋另一主語”或“it is/was the same with＋另一主語”既能表示肯定意義，又能表示否定意義，其主要用于以下情況：
①上文有兩個分句；
②上文有兩個(或兩個以上)不同謂語；
③上文既有肯定也有否定。
(4)句型“so＋主語＋系動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞”中的主語與前一句的主語通常是指同一個人或物，主語、謂語不需要倒裝。這種句型表示說話者贊同前句所提到的情況或事實，其中的so作“確實如此”講。
(5)“主語＋do＋so”在上下文中用來避免重復，可譯為“某人/物那樣做了”。

即時練1
單句寫作
①簡今晚不會和我們一起吃晚飯，湯姆也不會。
Jane won't join us for dinner tonight and .
②弗蘭克喜歡養(yǎng)寵物，他妻子也一樣。
Frank likes to keep pets and .
③瑪麗在澳大利亞出生，在美國居住。簡也是。
Mary was born in Australia and she lived in the United States. .
④——露西英語講得很流利。
——確實是。
—Lucy speaks fluent English.
— .
⑤他讓我來，于是我就來了。
He asked me to come and .
答案：①nor/neither will Tom　②so does his wife?、跾o it was with Jane/It was the same with Jane　④So she does?、軮 did so

2
There's as much competition among countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympic medals.(P10)
翻譯
國與國之間爭取奧運會舉辦權的競爭，就跟爭奪奧運獎牌一樣激烈。
(1) as ... as “像……那樣”。第一個as為副詞，修飾形容詞或副詞原級。第二個as可以是連詞，引導比較狀語從句；也可以是介詞，后加名詞或代詞。當as ... as中間有名詞時，應采用以下格式：
as＋adj.＋a/an＋n.(單數)＋as或as＋many/much＋n.(復數/不可數)＋as
(2)否定句式：not as/so ... as ... 意為“不如……”
(3) ... times as＋adj./adv. ＋as ... “是……的幾倍”。表達倍數的詞必須置于比較結構之前。(兩倍時用twice)

即時練2
單句寫作
①顯然，這個男孩不像他的許多同學那么刻苦。
Obviously, the boy doesn't work many of his classmates.
②擺脫壞習慣就像養(yǎng)成好習慣一樣需要艱苦努力。
Getting rid of a bad habit is a struggle forming a good one.
③在中國汽油比幾年前貴了兩倍。
Petrol is it was a few years ago in China.
答案：①as/so hard as?、赼s much; as?、踭hree times as expensive as

3
This is important because the more you speak English, the better your English will become.(P16)
翻譯
這一點很重要，因為你講英語越多，你的英語就越好。
(1)“the＋比較級，the＋比較級”意為“越……越……”。
(2)“比較級＋and＋比較級”意為“越來越……”，表示本身程度的變化。
[名師點津]　“the＋比較級，the＋比較級”結構有時可以轉化為if條件從句，如：下面例①可改為：You will see farther if you stand higher.

即時練3
單句寫作
①你站得越高就看得越遠。
you stand, you will see.
②你越小心，你犯的錯就會越少。
you are, mistakes you will make.
③如今，越來越多的汽車在街上穿梭，在這種情況下，將會有越來越多的廢氣被排入空氣中。
Today, are running in the streets today, in which case, will be released into the air.
答案：①The higher; the farther?、赥he more careful; the fewer?、踡ore and more cars; more and more waste gas


一般將來時的被動語態(tài)
定義
一般將來時的被動語態(tài)表示在現在看來將來要發(fā)生的被動動作。句中常有tomorrow, soon, next year, in a few days, in the future, sometime等時間狀語。
結構
1．will/shall be done
①If you park your car here, you will be fined.
如果你將車停在這兒，你就會被罰款。
2．am/is/are going to be done表示計劃、安排或打算被做
②These letters are going to be typed and sent off very soon.
這些信件將很快打印好并發(fā)出。
3．am/is/are to be done表示注定要、一定會被做或計劃、安排將要發(fā)生的被動動作
③The machines are to be repaired tonight.
今晚一定會修理這些機器。
4．am/is/are about to be done表示立即或馬上就要發(fā)生的被動動作
④The polluted water is about to be cleaned.
被污染的水即將被凈化。
5．am/is/are done用于狀語從句中表示將來要發(fā)生或完成的被動動作
⑤When our classroom is decorated, it will be more beautiful.
當我們的教室被裝修完畢時，它會更加漂亮。
6．will/shall＋get done
⑥The workers will get paid before the end of December.
這些工人將在12月底前拿到工資。

即時練
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1．As we all know, the 2022 Winter Olympic Games (hold) in Beijing, which is the capital of China.
答案：will be held
2．It is reported that a space station (build) on the moon in years to come.
答案：will be built
3．Unless some money (find), the theatre will close.
答案：is found
4．The suspect is about (question) by the police.
答案：to be questioned
5．More expressways (build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.
答案：will be built
Ⅱ.單句寫作
1．任何人被抓住違反這條規(guī)則將會被處以20元罰款。
Anybody caught breaking this rule 20 yuan.
答案：will be fined
2．他已經被警察逮捕，將會以謀殺罪被起訴。
He has been arrested by the police, and with murder.
答案：will be charged
3．無票不能進入體育館。
Nobody to enter the stadium without a ticket.
答案：will be allowed
4．運動會將于10月5日舉行。(be to do)
The sports meeting on Oct. 5.
答案：is to be held
5．那個問題將在會上討論。(be going to)
The problem at the meeting.
答案：is going to be discussed

基礎達標演練
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1．The young man, who by then (admit) to a university, decided to do some part-time jobs to pay for his education.
答案：had been admitted
2．Eating properly and exercising (regular) can make one enjoy a healthier and longer life.
答案：regularly
3．You wouldn't (fine) yesterday if you had not broken the traffic rule.
答案：have been fined
4．She expressed her strong desire that she (volunteer) to teach in the school when she was in college.
答案：(should) volunteer
5．Our new apartment building (advertise) in tomorrow's morning paper, and I do hope that it will appeal to you.
答案：will be advertised
6．The price of this curtain is not half as much that of the furniture.
答案：as
7．The farmers have been seeking higher prices as better protection from foreign (compete)．
答案：competition
8．It's surprising that your brother picked Russian so quickly—he hasn't lived there very long.
答案：up
9．It's strange that he should have come from we call Mars.
答案：what
10．We know playing computer games for a long time can harm one's (physics) health.
答案：physical
Ⅱ.單句改錯
1．David is in the charge of the department and knows everything here like the back of his hand.

答案：去掉charge前的the
2．The couple will hold a party to celebrate their marriage anniversary tomorrow, for they have married for 10 years.

答案：married前加been
3．At the good news, Peter became excited that he couldn't wait to tell his parents about it.

答案：excited前加so
4．It was foolish for you to leave school at such an early age.

答案：for→of
5．The Asian Games are held every four year, sometimes with as many as 34 nations taking part.

答案：year→years
Ⅲ.教材微寫作
A．根據提示完成句子
1．奧運五環(huán)旗上的五環(huán)代表地球上的五大洲。(the Olympic flag; stand for)


答案：The five rings on the Olympic flag stand for the five continents on the earth.
2．任何國家都可以參加奧運會。(take part in)


答案：Any country can take part in the Olympic Games.
3．只有達到他們各自統(tǒng)一的標準的運動員才會被接受為奧運會競賽選手。(athlete; admit; competitor)


答案：Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as competitors.
4．除了運動員，也有一些志愿者。(apart from; athlete; as well; volunteer)


答案：Apart from athletes, there are some volunteers as well.

5．他們?yōu)閵W運會提供服務，比如負責所有運動員的食宿問題。(take charge of)


答案：They offer help for the Olympic Games, for example, taking charge of the accommodation of the athletes.
B．將以上句子連成一篇邏輯嚴密的短文，注意書寫規(guī)范

答案：The five rings on the Olympic flag stand for the five continents on the earth, which means any country can take part in the Olympic Games. But only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as competitors. Apart from athletes, there are some volunteers as well who offer help for the Olympic Games, for example, taking charge of the accommodation of the athletes.

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