一、語基必備知識(shí)
(一)重點(diǎn)詞匯——分類記憶
Ⅰ.閱讀詞匯——在不認(rèn)識(shí)的詞匯前劃√
motorway n．　　　　 underground n.
subway n. queue vi.
omit vt. settler n.
satellite n. flick n.
structure n. edition n.
cute adj. distinctive adj.
Ⅱ.核心詞匯——寫其形
1．a(chǎn)ccent n．　　　　　　 口音
2．compare vt. 比較
3．steadily adv. 不斷地；持續(xù)地
4．switch n. 開關(guān)
5．rapidly adv. 迅速地
6．a(chǎn)nnouncement n. 聲明；宣告
7.__add vt. 加；增加
8．present vt. 陳述；提出(觀點(diǎn)、計(jì)劃等)
9．a(chǎn)ttempt n. 努力；嘗試
10．look n. 外觀；外表；樣子
11．criticise vt. 批評(píng)
12．standard adj. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的
Ⅲ.拓展詞匯——通其變
1．refer v．參考；查閱；提到→reference n．參考；查閱
2．combine v．結(jié)合；聯(lián)合→combination n．組合；結(jié)合
3．obvious adj.顯然的，顯而易見的→obviously adv.顯然地，明顯地
4．remark n．& v．評(píng)論；講話→remarkable adj.顯著的；非凡的
5．vary v．改變；使變化→variety n．種類→various adj.各種各樣的
6．simple adj.簡(jiǎn)單的→simplify vt.簡(jiǎn)化→simply adv.簡(jiǎn)單地；僅僅；不過
7．differ vi.不同，有區(qū)別→difference n．不同，區(qū)別→different adj.不同的，有區(qū)別的
8．confuse vt.使困惑→confusing adj.令人困惑的；難懂的→confused adj.感到困惑的→confusion n．困惑


1.“評(píng)論”不容忽視
①remark n．& v．　　 評(píng)論；講話
②review n．& v. 評(píng)論
③comment n．& v. 評(píng)論；意見
④criticism n. 評(píng)論；批評(píng)
2.-ify結(jié)尾動(dòng)詞找一找
①simplify　　　 簡(jiǎn)化
②beautify 美化；使美麗
③classify 分類
④clarify 澄清
⑤identify 確定；鑒定；識(shí)別
3.有“分”也有“合”
①combination n．　 組合；結(jié)合
②unite v. 聯(lián)合
③link v. 連接
④separate vt. 使分離
⑤divide v. 分開
⑥divorce v. (使)離婚/分離
(二)重點(diǎn)短語——記牢用活
1．have...in__common　　　　　　 有相同的特點(diǎn)
2．make__a__difference 有影響，使不相同
3．get__around 四處走動(dòng)(旅行)
4．be__similar__to 與……相似
5．lead__to 引起；導(dǎo)致
6．in__favour__of 同意；支持
7．refer__to...as... 稱……為……
8．thanks__to 幸虧，多虧
9．a(chǎn)fter__all 畢竟；終究

1.to為介詞的短語薈萃
①lead to　　　　　 引起；導(dǎo)致
②object to 反對(duì)
③devote to 獻(xiàn)身于
④be/get used to 習(xí)慣于
⑤be accustomed to 習(xí)慣于
⑥pay attention to 注意
2.“in＋n.＋of”短語大比拼
①in favour of　　 支持；同意
②in view of 鑒于，考慮到
③in memory of 紀(jì)念……
④in respect of 關(guān)于，涉及
⑤in terms of 就……而言
⑥in charge of 主管，掌管
3.“make a＋n.”短語一覽
①make a difference　　 有影響，使不相同
②make a contribution 做出貢獻(xiàn)
③make a decision 做出決定
④make a mistake 犯錯(cuò)誤
⑤make a noise 制造噪音
⑥make a reservation 預(yù)訂
(三)重點(diǎn)句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：while作連詞表對(duì)比，意為“而；然而”
Americans use a flashlight, while for the British, it’s a torch.
美國(guó)人把手電筒稱為flashlight，而英國(guó)人叫它torch。
句型2：have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困難
A Londoner has__more__difficulty__understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker.
倫敦人要聽懂來自格拉斯哥的蘇格蘭人說話比聽懂紐約人說話更難。
句型3：make＋it＋adj.＋for sb.to do sth.使某人做……是……的(it為形式賓語)
This non-stop communication, the experts think, has made__it__easier__for__British__people__and__Americans__to__understand each other.
專家們認(rèn)為，這種不間斷的交流已使得英國(guó)人和美國(guó)人相互理解起來更加容易。
二、語境強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練
Ⅰ.語境填詞——根據(jù)提示寫出該詞的適當(dāng)形式
A．根據(jù)漢語提示寫出下列單詞
1．Recently people are very concerned about the rapidly(迅速地) rising food costs.
2．I read the announcement(聲明，公告) of the summer camp that you have posted on the Internet and I am very interested in it.
3．I am cautious about what I say because careless remarks(話語) are likely to hurt others’ feelings.
4．It’s standard(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的) practice for a company like this one to employ a security officer.
5．He paid little attention to sentence structures(結(jié)構(gòu)), which led to his failure in the test.
B．根據(jù)所給單詞寫出適當(dāng)形式
6．Obviously(obvious), whether we will hold this sports meeting depends on the weather in the coming months.
7．All attempts(attempt) to control the spread of the disease have failed because of the bad weather in that area.
8．Comparing(compare) Tom with other athletes, you will find that Tom has the perfect body shape for a swimmer.
9．I don’t mind her criticising(criticise) me, but it is how she does it that I object to.
10．Mr. Smith was presented(present) with a watch by the boss for his years’ hard work.
Ⅱ.語境品詞——寫出加黑詞匯在語境中的意義
1．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Every year about 40，000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa.試圖；嘗試
2．(2019·浙江卷6月)But can uniforms help improve school standards？標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；規(guī)范
3．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Now my dream is to open a cafe. Though it may appear simple, it requires a lot of ideas and efforts.簡(jiǎn)單的
4．(2018·北京卷)The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably.帶來；招致
Ⅲ.選詞成篇
be similar to; lead to; have...in common; in favour of; refer to...as...
Li Hua and I have been good friends ever since our childhood. We 1.have much in__common,__that is to say, we 2.are__similar__to each other in many ways. I believe that diligence 3.leads__to success, which Li Hua is 4.in__favour__of. So we 5.refer__to it as our motto.
make a difference; get around; queue up/stand in line; pick up; thanks to
Mr. Smith likes 6.getting__around in the town. But one day while 7.queuing__up/standing__in__line for the bus, he suddenly lost his consciousness. 8.Thanks__to the help of the people present, he was sent to the nearest hospital. Now his health has 9.picked__up. So it can be concluded that giving a helping hand to others will surely 10.make__a__difference．
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．湯姆從來不是一個(gè)很愛整潔的人，而約翰卻極有條理。
Tom is never very neat, while__John__is__completely__organised．
2．由于缺乏獨(dú)立，目前大部分學(xué)生很難適應(yīng)大學(xué)生活。
For lack of independence, most students have__difficulty__(in)__adapting__to college life at present.
3．新技術(shù)已經(jīng)使新產(chǎn)品以更低的成本更快速地生產(chǎn)成為可能。
New technologies have made__it__possible__to__produce new products faster and at a lower cost.

compare　v．比較，比喻，對(duì)照　n．比較，對(duì)照
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①a. (2018·浙江卷6月)Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress his importance in literature.
b．A teacher is often compared to a candle. That’s because their devotion to work is beyond/without compare.
②a.(2019·江蘇卷)The first unique human characteristic is that humans have extraordinarily large brains compared(compare) with other animals.
b．When comparing(compare) different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.
[能力提升]——句式升級(jí)
(普通表達(dá)) If you compare the task with the previous one, you will find it seems a small challenge.
③(高級(jí)表達(dá))Compare__the__task__with__the__previous__one,__and you will find it seems a small challenge. (祈使句＋and＋陳述句)
④(高級(jí)表達(dá))Comparing__the__task__with__the__previous__one,__you will find it seems a small challenge. (現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語)
⑤(高級(jí)表達(dá))__Compared__with__the__previous__one,__the task seems a small challenge. (過去分詞短語作狀語)

(1)compare...with/to...　 把……和……相比較
compare...to... 把……比作……
compared to/with... 和……相比(通常作狀語)
compare notes (with sb.) (與某人)交換意見
(2)beyond/without compare 無與倫比，舉世無雙
(3)comparison n. 比較；對(duì)照；比喻
in comparison with 與……相比
[佳句背誦] ①In comparison with other films, the English short film, Growing Together, is believed to be more instructive and full of emotion.
與其他影片相比，這部英文短片《共同成長(zhǎng)》被認(rèn)為更有教育意義且充滿情感。(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)
②I intended to compare notes with a friend, but unfortunately he couldn’t spare me even one minute.　我想跟一個(gè)朋友切磋一下，但很不幸，他連一分鐘時(shí)間都擠不出來。
[名師點(diǎn)津] 分詞作狀語時(shí)，如果與主語是被動(dòng)語態(tài)關(guān)系，要其用過去分詞形式；如果與主語是主動(dòng)語態(tài)關(guān)系，要其用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。
differ　vi.不同，有區(qū)別
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①(北京卷)Because a college community(群體) differs(differ) from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging.
②a.The twins are so alike. It’s difficult to tell the difference(differ) between them.
b．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently(different)．
③British English differs obviously from American English in pronunciation and spelling.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④只有我們言行一致才能對(duì)我們希望實(shí)現(xiàn)的任何事情有影響。
Only when we match our words with actions can__we__make__a__difference__in whatever we hope to accomplish.

(1)differ from...in...　　 與……在……方面不一樣
(2)difference n. 不同；區(qū)別
make a difference 有影響；使不相同
tell the difference between...and...
區(qū)分……
與……的差別
(3)different adj. 不同的；相異的
be different from...in... 在……方面不同；
與……不同
(4)differently adv. 不同地　
[名師點(diǎn)津] (1)不同和相同
不同：differ, be different, vary
相同，相似：be the same, be similar/alike
(2)-ence后綴，構(gòu)成名詞
refer－reference; prefer－preference；
exist－existence; confident－confidence
present　n．現(xiàn)在，目前；禮物　vt.陳述；提出(觀點(diǎn)、計(jì)劃等)；贈(zèng)送；呈現(xiàn)　adj.出席的，在場(chǎng)的；現(xiàn)在的
[一詞多義]——寫出下列句中present的詞性和含義
①The present situation is taking a turn for the better.adj.當(dāng)前的
②Classic works, written by masters, present great thoughts through fascinating stories and language.v.呈現(xiàn)
③All the people present at the party were his supporters.adj.出席的；在場(chǎng)的
④(北京卷)I was extremely interested in the ideas he presented in class.vt.陳述；提出
⑤(湖南卷)Whenever you buy a present, you should think about it from the receiver’s point of view.n.禮物
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑥On Teachers’ Day, my students presented__me__with__some__flowers/presented__some__flowers__to__me(送給我一些鮮花)．
⑦(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)At__present(目前), the world has about 6，800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven.

(1)present sb. with sth.＝present sth.to sb.
　　　　　　　　 把某物贈(zèng)送給某人
(2)be present at... 出席……
(3)at present 現(xiàn)在，目前
for the present 眼前；暫時(shí)　
[名師點(diǎn)津] present 用作形容詞，表示“出席的，在場(chǎng)的”時(shí)，通常作表語或后置定語；表示“現(xiàn)在的，當(dāng)前的”時(shí)，常用作前置定語。
[詞塊助記] present awards　授予獎(jiǎng)品/獎(jiǎng)金/獎(jiǎng)狀
the present difficulties/problems/situation
當(dāng)前的困難/問題/形勢(shì)
Make the past serve the present. 古為今用。
attempt　vt.企圖，嘗試　n．努力，嘗試
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①Kevin had treatment on the understanding that he would attempt to__overcome(overcome) his drinking problem.
②Don’t expect to pass the driving test at the first attempt. After all, you’ve been learning to drive for only a couple of days.
[能力提升]——一句多譯
他試圖通過這次考試，但考試太難通過了。
③He attempted__to__pass/at__passing the exam, but it was too difficult to pass.(attempt v．)
④He made__an__attempt__to__pass/at__passing the exam, but it was too difficult to pass. (attempt n．)

(1)attempt at doing/to do sth.
　　　　　　　　　 嘗試或努力做某事
(2)make an attempt at doing/to do sth.
嘗試或努力做某事
at one’s first attempt 某人第一次嘗試　
[佳句背誦] The town is banning plastic bags in an attempt to protect the environment.
為了保護(hù)環(huán)境，這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)禁用塑料袋。
[名師點(diǎn)津] 嘗試和做成
(1)嘗試做某事：try to do sth., have a try at doing sth., give sth. a try
(2)做成某事：manage to do sth., succeed in doing sth.
have...in common　在……方面有相同之處
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①To my surprise, I found I had a lot in common with the stranger the first time I met him.
②Britain, in common with many other industrialized countries, has experienced major changes over the last 100 years.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③(江蘇卷)——只有那些共同點(diǎn)多的人才能友好相處。
——恕我不敢茍同。有時(shí)的確是相異相吸。
—Only those who have__a__lot__in__common can get along well.
—I beg to differ. Opposites sometimes do attract.

(1)have a lot/much/a great deal/nothing/little in common with...　　　
與……有很多/沒有
共同之處
in common with... 與……一樣
(2)common sense 常識(shí)；情理　
[佳句背誦] Anyone with common sense is able to make the appropriate decision and do whatever suits the occasion best.　任何一個(gè)有常識(shí)的人都會(huì)做出合適的決定，做任何最適合該場(chǎng)合的事情。
[名師點(diǎn)津] ?？肌癷n＋n.＋with”短語：in contact/touch with 與……聯(lián)系；in contrast with 與……對(duì)比；in harmony with與……協(xié)調(diào)一致；in line with與……一致
lead to　引起，導(dǎo)致；通向
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①(2019·江蘇卷)Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to a waste of limited resources.
②A lack of confidence can lead to your losing(lose) the chance to go abroad for further education.
③I’m wondering what has led you to__believe(believe) that not all roads lead to Rome.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升級(jí)
④(普通表達(dá))The girl led__the__way(領(lǐng)路), so we had no difficulty finding the house.
⑤(高級(jí)表達(dá))With__the__girl__leading__the__way,__we had no difficulty finding the house.(with＋賓語＋賓補(bǔ))

(1)lead sb.to＋n.　　 帶領(lǐng)某人到……；使某人
得出(觀點(diǎn))
lead sb.to do sth. 使某人做某事
(2)lead a．..life 過著……的生活
lead the way 引路，帶路
[名師點(diǎn)津] lead to中的to為介詞，后接名詞、代詞或v.-ing 形式。表示“導(dǎo)致”的詞匯還有：cause, result in, bring about。
[詞塊助記] lead a happy/hard/comfortable/simple life　過著幸福的/艱苦的/舒適的/簡(jiǎn)樸的生活

have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困難
(教材原句)A Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker.
倫敦人要聽懂來自格拉斯哥的蘇格蘭人說話比聽懂紐約人說話更難。
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①(北京卷)—Did you have difficulty finding(find) Ann’s house?
—Not really. She had given us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.
②You have no difficulty remembering(remember) the new words, so you can’t imagine the difficulty I have learning(learn) them by heart.
③Whenever we have trouble with our studies, our teachers always help us patiently.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升級(jí)
④(普通表達(dá))We had__difficulty__walking__home(步行回家非常困難) in the snowstorm. You can’t imagine the difficulty.
⑤(高級(jí)表達(dá))You__can’t__imagine__what__difficulty__we__had__walking__home__in__the__snowstorm！(定語從句＋感嘆句)

(1)difficulty前可用great, much, some, any, no, little等修飾，difficulty還可以用trouble, problems, a hard time等替換。
(2)have difficulty/trouble/problems/a hard time with sth.在某事上有困難
(3)there is no difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth./with sth.做某事/在某事上沒有困難
[佳句背誦] Undoubtedly, we must have difficulty in searching for the road leading to science.
毫無疑問，我們?cè)趯ふ彝ㄏ蚩茖W(xué)的道路上一定有困難。
[名師點(diǎn)津] (1)在考查句型have difficulty (in) doing sth.時(shí)，difficulty往往提前作為主句中的先行詞，定語從句中謂語為“have＋doing”形式；
(2)have difficulty (in) doing sth.中的difficulty是不可數(shù)名詞。

維度一　在空白處填入括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式
1．The clock has just struck twelve, announcing(announce) the end of the morning in school.
2．Comparing the two boys, we found that Tom is more careful. But compared with Tom’s brother, Tom is less careful.(compare)
3．I’d love to find a job combining(combine) my major and interest upon graduation so that I can fully develop my potential.
4．You can’t imagine what great difficulty we have ever had dealing(deal) with the problems.
5．Students should be encouraged to__present(present) their own opinions, whether right or wrong.
維度二　在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~
1．Li Hua has been preparing carefully for the 2021 College Entrance Examination, so that he can be sure of passing it at his first attempt.
2．Studies have shown that too much control of emotion can lead to high blood pressure, hearing problems and other illnesses.
3．We should put aside our differences and discuss the things we have in common.
4．Many children seldom communicate with adults, making it difficult for their parents to know what they are thinking about.
5．Thanks to modern science and technology, people lead a more comfortable and richer life.
維度三　派生詞練習(xí)
1．He made simple remarks on her remarkable achievements.(remark)
2．The reference book the teacher referred to just now is said to be popular among students.(refer)
3．The book explains grammar simply and clearly, because the author used simple example sentences to simplify abstract concepts.(simple)
4．They confused me by asking so many confusing questions. I was totally confused,__standing there in confusion,__not knowing what to do.(confuse)
5．From the appearance, we cannot tell the difference between the twins, though they always have some different ideas. As for this phenomenon, ideas differ among many people.(differ)
維度四　易錯(cuò)混用
1．If you do a favour to him, he will be in favour for you in the class election.for→of
2．Much to our joy, his health is getting steady better with time going on.steady→steadily
3．It will make big difference whether the opening ceremony becomes successful or not.在make后加a
4．Tom looked upon the test as an obstacle when his classmates regarded it as a challenge.when→while
5．The confusing look on Tom’s face suggested that he didn’t quite understand his manager’s idea.confusing→confused

提能一　語段填空(短文中黑體部分為本模塊核心知識(shí)點(diǎn)，請(qǐng)補(bǔ)全短文，并背誦體會(huì)黑體部分用法)
1．Recently(recent) we have a debate about which English makes more 2.differences(differ) to us.
Some students think British English has more influence 3.compared(compare) with American English, because it is the “original” 4.variety(vary) of English and the BBC and many international newspapers use it. However, others are 5.in favour of American English. They hold the view 6.that most English language films are American, 7.which has led to more and more people across the world 8.using(use) American English.
In 9.my(I) opinion, whichever English we use, we have no difficulty 10.understanding(understand) each other, because they have a lot in common.
提能二　話題寫作(用本模塊詞匯、句式和語法知識(shí)寫滿分作文)
假設(shè)你是李華，你的美國(guó)朋友Peter正在學(xué)習(xí)漢語，他寫信向你請(qǐng)教如何提高漢語口語，請(qǐng)你按以下要點(diǎn)給他回信。①寫信目的；②提出合理建議；③表示祝愿。
1．補(bǔ)全要點(diǎn)句(黑體部分請(qǐng)用本模塊所學(xué)詞匯)
①得知你在試圖學(xué)習(xí)漢語，并尋找提高漢語口語的辦法，我很高興。
I’m delighted to know that you are__attempting__to__learn__Chinese and seeking ways to improve your spoken Chinese.
②我想向你提出一些關(guān)于如何提高你的漢語口語的建議。
I’d like to present__you__some__advice on how to improve your spoken Chinese.
③與其他語言相比，漢語更令人困惑， 也許會(huì)導(dǎo)致你困惑。
Compared__with other languages, Chinese is more__confusing and it may lead__to__confusion for you.
④漢語學(xué)習(xí)者的興趣、決心和努力意義重大。
Chinese learners’ interest, determination and hard work can make__a__big__difference．
⑤和朋友們用漢語在線交流是一個(gè)好辦法，這會(huì)讓你的漢語口語快速提高變得容易。
It’s a good idea to communicate with friends online in Chinese, and it will make__it__easy__for__you__to__improve your spoken Chinese rapidly.
⑥盡管你學(xué)習(xí)漢語時(shí)可能會(huì)有一些困難，但是永遠(yuǎn)不要放棄練習(xí)。
Though you may have__some__difficulty__learning__Chinese,__never give up practising.
2．升級(jí)平淡句
⑦用非限制性定語從句升級(jí)句⑤
It’s__a__good__idea__to__communicate__with__friends__online__in__Chinese,__which__will__make__it__easy__for__you__to__improve__your__spoken__Chinese__rapidly.
3．銜接成美文(注意用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^渡銜接詞匯：obviously，therefore, in addition, more importantly)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear Peter，
I’m delighted to know that you are attempting to learn Chinese and seeking ways to improve your spoken Chinese. I’d like to present you some advice on how to improve your spoken Chinese.
Obviously, compared with other languages, Chinese is more confusing and it may lead to confusion for you. Therefore, Chinese learners’ interest, determination and hard work can make a big difference. In addition, it’s a good idea to communicate with friends online in Chinese, which will make it easy for you to improve your spoken Chinese rapidly. More importantly, though you may have some difficulty learning Chinese, never give up practising.
Yours，
Li Hua

(建議用時(shí)：35分鐘)
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
(2020·太原模擬)Gabriella’s family immigrated to the US from Peru when she was two years old. As a compound bilingual(熟諳兩種語言的人), Gabriella develops two linguistic codes at the same time, with a set of concepts, learning both English and Spanish. Her teenage brother, on the other hand, might be a coordinate bilingual, working with two sets of concepts, learning English in school, Spanish at home. Finally, Gabriella’s parents are likely to be subordinate bilinguals who learned a second language by translating it into their mother tongue.
Regardless of accent and pronunciation, all types of bilingual people can become fully proficient in a language. It seems that the difference may not be apparent. But recently brain imaging technology has given a glimpse into how specific aspects of language learning affect the bilingual brain. It’s well known that the brain’s left hemisphere(半球) is in charge of logical processes, while the right hemisphere is more active in emotional and social ones. Language involves both types of functions. Critical period hypothesis says children learn languages more easily because their developing brains let them use both hemispheres in language learning, while in most adults, language relies on one hemisphere, usually the left.
Before the 1960s, bilingualism was considered a handicap that slowed the children’s development by forcing them to spend too much energy distinguishing between languages. But a recent study did show that bilingualism may make you smarter. It does make your brain more complex, healthier, and more actively engaged, and even if you didn’t have the good fortune of learning a second language like a child, it’s never too late to do yourself a favor and make the linguistic leap from “Hello” to “Hola” “Bonjour” or “nihao” because when it comes to our brains, a little exercise can go a long way.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇說明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，雙語學(xué)習(xí)能使大腦更加聰明、更加健康、更活躍；學(xué)習(xí)外語永遠(yuǎn)不遲。
1．Why is Gabriella’s family used as the example in Paragraph 1?
A．To show that the family are bilinguals.
B．To explain the advantages of bilinguals.
C．To illustrate the three types of bilinguals.
D．To prove all ages can learn foreign languages.
C　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知，Gabriella家中有三種不同的雙語學(xué)習(xí)類型的人，據(jù)此可知，第一段以Gabriella的家庭為例是為了說明三種不同雙語學(xué)習(xí)類型的人，故C項(xiàng)正確。
2．Why do the children learn languages more easily than adults?
A．Because they learn languages with a set of concepts.
B．Because they use both hemispheres to learn languages.
C．Because their mother tongue doesn’t influence them much.
D．Because they can easily translate one language into another.
B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段尾句中的“children learn languages more easily because their developing brains let them use both hemispheres in language learning, while in most adults, language relies on one hemisphere, usually the left”可知，兒童學(xué)習(xí)語言更容易是因?yàn)樗麄儼l(fā)育中的大腦讓他們?cè)谡Z言學(xué)習(xí)中使用兩個(gè)大腦半球，而在大多數(shù)成年人中，學(xué)習(xí)語言依賴于一個(gè)大腦半球，通常是左半球，故B項(xiàng)正確。
3．Which of the following best explains the underlined word “handicap” in Paragraph 3?
A．Disease.　　　　　　　　　 B．Disability.
C．Disadvantage. D．Illness.
C　解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Before the 1960s, bilingualism was considered a handicap that slowed the children’s development by forcing them to spend too much energy distinguishing between languages.”尤其是該句中的“slowed”和“forcing them to spend too much energy distinguishing between languages”并結(jié)合語境可推知，畫線詞與C項(xiàng)“不利因素，障礙”意思相近，故C項(xiàng)正確。
4．What can we infer from the text?
A．The left brain is more important for language learning.
B．Learning languages can promote the brain development.
C．The proficiency of language becomes weak gradually with age.
D．Immigrants have advantages in learning languages over natives.
B　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二、三句中的“But a recent study did show that bilingualism may make you smarter. It does make your brain more complex, healthier, and more actively engaged”可知，最近的一項(xiàng)研究確實(shí)表明，雙語可能會(huì)讓你更聰明。它確實(shí)會(huì)讓你的大腦更復(fù)雜、更健康、更活躍；據(jù)此可推知，學(xué)習(xí)語言會(huì)促進(jìn)大腦的發(fā)展，故B項(xiàng)正確。
B
(2020·鄭州高三第二次質(zhì)量預(yù)測(cè))Thomas Cheatham had planned to study Latin during his time at Hebron High School in Texas. But when he learned that the school district was going to offer a Mandarin(普通話) class, he quickly changed his mind.
“I thought Mandarin would be more beneficial than Latin，” said Cheatham, who is now in his second year of studying the language.
He speaks Mandarin to order food at Chinese restaurants and can read social media posts from his Chinese-speaking friends. While it’s a difficult language to master, the high school junior, who plans to study computer engineering, thinks it will be important for his career. “Chinese is a good language to know, especially with China becoming a growing power，” he said.
Many experts agree that proficiency(熟練) in a language spoken by a billion people worldwide will give American students an edge in the global economy.
“People are looking at China as our next economic competitor, and interest in Mandarin is growing fast，” said Marty Abbott, director of the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages. “We’re seeing it in all parts of the country.”
Abbott predicts that as many as 100，000 students are now studying Mandarin in public and private schools throughout the US. She said the US government has designated(指定) Mandarin as an “important need” language and provides professional development programs for teachers. “Our government wants to increase our language ability for economic competitiveness，” Abbott added.
At the same time, the Chinese government is spreading knowledge of the Chinese language and culture through Confucius Institutes set up in many US states. For example, the Confucius Institute at the University of Texas at Dallas has been the home of a Confucius Institute for 10 years. It sponsors Confucius Classrooms at 21 local public and private schools, where tens of thousands of students are learning Mandarin.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇說明文，主要講了普通話在美國(guó)學(xué)生中日益流行。
5．Why did Thomas Cheatham decide to study Mandarin instead of Latin?
A．Mandarin was easier to learn than Latin.
B．Mandarin could be helpful to his future career.
C．Mandarin might help him learn more about China.
D．Mandarin could enable him to study computer engineering.
B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“While it’s a difficult language to master, the high school junior, who plans to study computer engineering, thinks it will be important for his career.”可知，Thomas Cheatham認(rèn)為學(xué)習(xí)普通話對(duì)他的未來職業(yè)有幫助，所以才決定學(xué)習(xí)普通話。
6．The underlined word “edge” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”．
A．a(chǎn) slight advantage　　　　 B．the outside limit
C．a(chǎn) sharp tone of voice D．a(chǎn)n exciting quality
A　解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)語境尤其是第三段最后一句中的“Chinese is a good language to know, especially with China becoming a growing power”和第四段第一句中的“a language spoken by a billion people”可知，隨著中國(guó)的發(fā)展，學(xué)習(xí)普通話大有裨益，由此可推知，學(xué)習(xí)普通話讓美國(guó)學(xué)生在全球經(jīng)濟(jì)中有一定的優(yōu)勢(shì)，這與文章第五段的內(nèi)容呼應(yīng)。故畫線詞意為“優(yōu)勢(shì)”，與A項(xiàng)含義相近。
7．Which of the following statements might Marty Abbott agree with?
A．Mandarin should be taught in classrooms throughout the US.
B．Those skilled at Chinese will be the most competitive in the future.
C．The US government’s policy has helped popularize Mandarin in the US.
D．Americans learn Mandarin because they worry about their economic security.
C　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)語境尤其是對(duì)第六段的整體理解可推知，在Marty Abbott看來，美國(guó)政府的政策有助于普通話在美國(guó)的推廣。
8．What does the author mainly talk about in this passage?
A．The rising popularity of Mandarin among American students.
B．The great benefits of learning Mandarin for American students.
C．The influence of China’s growing power on American education.
D．The effect of Confucius Institutes in promoting Mandarin in the US.
A　解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)對(duì)全文的整體理解可推知，本文主要講述的是普通話在美國(guó)學(xué)生中日益流行的現(xiàn)象，這與最后一段的進(jìn)一步論述呼應(yīng)。故選A。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·湖北武昌區(qū)調(diào)研)Very few of us become fluent in another language by studying it in high school. I made an effort to keep up the little bit of French that I learned in school, but eventually realized that this was __1__. I was well aware that new languages are best learned when __2__， and that our abilities in that regard decline with age. __3__， just before my 50th birthday, I __4__ for French classes.
After I was __5__ to see which group I belonged in, I was __6__ at almost the introductory level. I found that it really was true that certain linguistic(語言的) abilities __7__ with age. While I’d always thought of myself as a(n) __8__ learner, that was no longer the case. I absorbed new vocabulary very __9__. What I learned one week ago seemed to __10__ as soon as I learned the next skill.
Now, a couple of years later, I can listen to the news in French and __11__ 90 percent of it on the first try and read a novel if it’s not too difficult.
Who knows what I might still __12__？
I’ve learned so much __13__ grammar and vocabulary. I’ve met people from around the world and all walks of life who have the __14__ to make fools of themselves in order to __15__ something new. I’ve been taught by patient and inspirational teachers from many __16__ of the world, including France, Eastern Europe, the Caribbean and Africa.
Listening to the news as it is __17__ to the people of France, I have a renewed __18__ of how something can look completely different from another __19__. I’ve learned that a language is not just a set of words, but a way of __20__. But most of all, I’ve learned that it really is never too late to learn something new.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇記敘文。文章通過作者學(xué)習(xí)法語的經(jīng)歷告訴我們要活到老，學(xué)到老。
1．A.unbelievable　　　　　　　 B．pointless
C．unbearable D．valueless
B　解析：根據(jù)該句“I made an effort to keep up the little bit of French that I learned in school, but eventually realized that this was ______．”以及下文內(nèi)容可知，“我”想努力保留在學(xué)校學(xué)的那一點(diǎn)法語，但最終意識(shí)到這是無意義的(pointless)，故選B。
2．A.energetic B．curious
C．young D．old
C　解析：根據(jù)后半句中的“our abilities in that regard decline with age”并結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，年輕的時(shí)候?qū)W習(xí)新語言的效果是最好的，故選C。
3．A.However B．Therefore
C．Besides D．Meanwhile
A　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，在50歲生日之前，“我”注冊(cè)(registered)了法語課，并結(jié)合上文提到的“年輕的時(shí)候?qū)W習(xí)新語言的效果是最好的”可知，此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選A。
4．A.sought B．registered
C．fought D．prepared
B　解析：參見上題解析。
5．A.interviewed B．challenged
C．a(chǎn)sked D．tested
D　解析：根據(jù)空后的“to see which group I belonged in”并結(jié)合語境可知，經(jīng)過測(cè)試(tested)來看“我”屬于哪一個(gè)團(tuán)體之后，“我”被歸(placed) 為幾乎是初級(jí)水平，故選D。
6．A.restricted B．withdrawn
C．a(chǎn)ppointed D．placed
D　解析：參見上題解析。
7．A.fade B．remain
C．disappear D．improve
A　解析：根據(jù)第一段中的“our abilities in that regard decline with age”并結(jié)合常識(shí)可推知，某些語言的能力會(huì)隨著年齡的增加而逐漸消失(fade)，故選A。
8．A.autonomous B．a(chǎn)verage
C．quick D．dull
C　解析：根據(jù)語境可推知，“我”一直認(rèn)為自己是一個(gè)學(xué)東西很快的(quick)學(xué)習(xí)者，但卻不再是這樣了，故選C。
9．A.easily B．slowly
C．steadily D．rapidly
B　解析：結(jié)合語境及上題解析可推知，“我”掌握新詞匯的速度很慢(slowly)，故選B。
10．A.crowd in B．make sense
C．slip away D．build up
C　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，“我”一學(xué)習(xí)下一個(gè)技能，一個(gè)星期前學(xué)的就好像消失(slip away)了，故選C。crowd in“涌上(心頭)”；make sense“有意義”；build up“(使)擴(kuò)大”。
11．A.catch B．recite
C．share D．repeat
A　解析：根據(jù)語境可推知，“我”第一遍聽法語新聞時(shí)能夠理解(catch)90%的內(nèi)容。catch“理解”，故選A。
12．A.complete B．overlook
C．perform D．a(chǎn)ccomplish
D　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，誰知道“我”仍可能實(shí)現(xiàn)(accomplish)什么呢？故選D。
13．A.except B．beyond
C．through D．including
B　解析：根據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容可知，“我”認(rèn)為自己學(xué)到的不僅僅是法語的語法和詞匯，故選B。beyond意為“除……之外”。
14．A.confidence B．a(chǎn)bility
C．patience D．courage
D　解析：根據(jù)空后的“make fools of themselves in order to ______ something new”可知，此處表示“我”遇到了來自世界各行各業(yè)的人，他們?yōu)榱藢W(xué)(learn)一些新的東西而有勇氣(courage)出丑，故選D。
15．A.learn B．experience
C．explore D．possess
A　解析：參見上題解析。
16．A.organizations B．corners
C．classes D．races
B　解析：根據(jù)下文的“including France, Eastern Europe, the Caribbean and Africa”可知，這些老師來自世界的許多地區(qū)(corners)。
17．A.updated B．spread
C．presented D．conveyed
C　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，聽著播放給法國(guó)人的新聞，“我”有了一個(gè)全新的理解，故選C。present“上演，播出”。
18．A.understanding B．a(chǎn)ttitude
C．knowledge D．judgment
A　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，“我”對(duì)一些東西是如何從不同角度(angle)看起來完全不同有了全新的理解(understanding)，故選A。
19．A.manner B．a(chǎn)spect
C．a(chǎn)ngle D．direction
C　解析：參見上題解析。
20．A.studying B．working
C．living D．thinking
D　解析：根據(jù)語境并結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，一門語言不僅僅是一組單詞，也是一種思維(thinking)方式。


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