一、語(yǔ)基必備知識(shí)
(一)重點(diǎn)詞匯——分類(lèi)記憶
Ⅰ.閱讀詞匯——在不認(rèn)識(shí)的詞匯前劃√
cave n．　　　　　　　 peak n.
plain n. plateau n.
shore n. slope n.
valley n. colleague n.
hilly adj. legend n.
deck n. exploit vt.
mountainous adj. immense adj.
fertile adj. remote adj.
steep adj. torch n.
Ⅱ.核心詞匯——寫(xiě)其形
1．wood n．　　　　　 (常作復(fù)數(shù))樹(shù)林
2．flat adj. 平坦的
3．goods n. 貨物
4．trade vi. 做生意
5．spot n. 地點(diǎn)；場(chǎng)所
6．view n. 景色；風(fēng)景
Ⅲ.拓展詞匯——通其變
1．surround vt.圍繞；環(huán)繞→surrounding adj.周?chē)?br /> n．周?chē)氖挛铩鷖urroundings n．環(huán)境
2．narrow vi.變狹窄→narrowly adv.勉強(qiáng)地
3．distant adj.遙遠(yuǎn)的→distance n．距離
4．forbid vt.禁止→過(guò)去式forbade/forbad→過(guò)去分詞 forbidden
5．varied adj.多變化的→various adj.各種各樣的→variety n．種類(lèi)；多樣性
6．nature n．自然；本性→natural__adj.自然的→naturally adv.自然地

1.“山”相關(guān)名詞全接觸
①valley　　　　　 山谷
②peak　　　 山頂；山峰
③mountain 山；山脈
④hill 小山
⑤range 山脈
2.“岸邊”名詞薈萃
①beach　　　　 海灘
②coast 海岸
③bank 岸
④seashore 海岸；海濱
⑤shore　　　 (海、湖、河等的)岸
3.“復(fù)數(shù)名詞”一覽
①goods　　　　　　 貨物
②arms 武器
③customs 海關(guān)
④manners 禮節(jié)
⑤regards 問(wèn)候
(二)重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)——記牢用活
1．a(chǎn)t__the__edge__of　　　　　 在……的邊緣
2．a(chǎn)t__least 至少
3．go__through 穿過(guò)；經(jīng)歷；通過(guò)
4．take__advantage__of 利用
5．be__heavy__with 有大量的……
6．in__the__distance 遠(yuǎn)處的
7．rip__off 敲竹杠；敲詐
8．get__a__kick__out__of (俚語(yǔ))從……中得到樂(lè)趣

1.“v.＋through”短語(yǔ)多棱鏡
①go through　　　 經(jīng)歷；穿過(guò)
②get through 用完；耗盡
③pull through 康復(fù)；痊愈
④see through 看透；識(shí)破
⑤break through 沖破；突破
2.“v.＋off”短語(yǔ)大比拼
①rip off　　　　 敲竹杠；敲詐
②cut off 切斷；中斷
③set off 出發(fā)；動(dòng)身
④pay off 還清；得到回報(bào)
⑤show off 炫耀
3.“充滿”短語(yǔ)薈萃
①be heavy with　　　　 充滿
②be filled with 充滿
③be full of 充滿
④fill up 充滿；填滿
⑤be crowded with 充滿；擠滿
(三)重點(diǎn)句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：be to do sth.表示“按照計(jì)劃或安排將要做某事”
He and a colleague were__to__spend two years there teaching English at a teacher training college.
他和一位同事將在那里的一所教師進(jìn)修學(xué)院教兩年英語(yǔ)。
句型2：“代詞＋介詞短語(yǔ)”構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
Nearly 100 million people live here, most__of__them__in__the__east.
有將近一億人口住在這兒，這些人大多數(shù)住在東部。
句型3：only if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“只有……才……”
I’m allowed to stick one in only__if__I’ve__been__in__a__place for more than 24 hours.
只有當(dāng)我待在一個(gè)地方超過(guò)24小時(shí)，我才允許自己扎一個(gè)別針在地圖上。
二、語(yǔ)境強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練
Ⅰ.語(yǔ)境填詞——根據(jù)提示寫(xiě)出該詞的適當(dāng)形式
A．根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示寫(xiě)出下列單詞
1．Cheap goods(貨物) are available, but not in sufficient quantities to satisfy demand.
2．Hardly had she walked out of the woods(樹(shù)林) when she heard the strange scream coming from behind a tree.
3．He was not only talented but also popular with his colleagues(同事)．
4．Having settled in that remote(遙遠(yuǎn)的) area for a year, the young man finally adapted to the weather.
5．As we all know, developing foreign trade(貿(mào)易，交易) is very important for our country.
B．根據(jù)所給單詞寫(xiě)出適當(dāng)形式
6．We are working on narrowing(narrow) the gap between our points of view.
7．As a child I was surrounded(surround) by love and kindness.
8．She spotted that the white dress with pink spots was the one that had been stolen last week.(spot)
9．Our classmates are going to visit poor children in a remote mountainous(mountain) area this weekend.
10．Smoking is harmful to health. It should be forbidden(forbid) in our office.
Ⅱ.語(yǔ)境品詞——寫(xiě)出加黑詞匯在語(yǔ)境中的意義
1．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ) Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens.令人生畏的
2．(2019·江蘇卷)As soon as Christiansen saw the photos，he realized why he had failed to spot the caldera: almost the whole park—2.2 million acres—was caldera.看見(jiàn)
3．(2019·北京卷)All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities.偏遠(yuǎn)的
4. (2019·江蘇卷) And don’t forget: we are surrounded by a natural playground just perfect for walking, caving, climbing and cycling.包圍
5．(2019·天津卷) To many people, technology means computers, hand-held devices, or vehicles that travel to distant planets.遙遠(yuǎn)的
Ⅲ.選詞成篇
have four weeks off; be heavy with; take advantage of; in the distance; get a kick out of
To Tom’s great joy, he will 1.have__four__weeks__off next month. He is so happy that he even feels the air 2.is__heavy__with smells of happiness. He decides to 3.take__advantage__of the vacation to go on a distant trip. He is sure that he will 4.get__a__kick__out__of it.
at the edge of; at least; go through; rip off; all the way
While 5.going__through all the terrible experiences, including one occasion when he was 6.ripped__off in a store by three bad men, he thought of his devoted mother. Though feeling upset, 7.at__least his mother’s love can warm his heart 8.all__the__way．
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．我們明天上午十點(diǎn)鐘將一起去拜訪老師。
We are__to__pay__a__visit__to__the__teacher together at ten tomorrow morning.
2．很多專(zhuān)家參加了這次會(huì)議，其中大多數(shù)來(lái)自北京。
Many experts attended the conference, most__of__them__from__Beijing．
3．只有你竭盡全力，將來(lái)才會(huì)了無(wú)遺憾。
Only__if__you__try__your__best__will__you have no regrets in the future.

surround　vt.圍繞；環(huán)繞
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①a.(2019·江蘇卷) Steve arrived and sat in the front row, surrounded(surround) by his family.
b．(2018·天津卷)Now we live in a world surrounded(surround) by the “can’t do” attitudes.
c．(福建卷)Surrounding(surround) yourself with people who’ll provide you with respect support can be very beneficial.
②a.(2018·天津卷) Why do the hikers take no notice of the surroundings(surround) during the journey?
b．Standing on the top of the mountain, we can have a good view of the surrounding(surround) hills.
[能力提升]——句式升級(jí)
③(普通表達(dá))The tall building in the distance is home to my father’s company. The tall building is surrounded by a great many big trees.
(高級(jí)表達(dá))The tall building which__is__surrounded__by__a__great__many__big__trees__in__the__distance is home to my father’s company.(定語(yǔ)從句)

(1)surround sb./sth.with/by...
　　　　　　　　 使某人/某物被……包圍
(2)surrounding adj. 周?chē)?br /> surroundings n. 環(huán)境 (通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式) 　
[佳句背誦] Seeing from the hill in the distance, you will find the city of Pingyao is still surrounded by the old city walls. 　從遠(yuǎn)處的山上看， 你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)平遙市仍被古城墻圍繞著。
[名師點(diǎn)津]
(1)surroundings專(zhuān)指自然環(huán)境；
(2)environment可指自然環(huán)境也可指精神環(huán)境，常用單數(shù)形式。
[詞塊助記](méi)
some issues surrounding alcohol abuse
　　　　　　　　　 有關(guān)酗酒的一些問(wèn)題
the surrounding scenery 四周的風(fēng)景
forbid　 vt.(forbad/forbade，forbidden)禁止；不許
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①(重慶卷)In some Middle Eastern countries, exposing your flesh is__forbidden(forbid), especially if you are a woman.
②a.You can’t smoke here. Regulations forbid smoking(smoke) in this room.
b．The patients are forbidden, even if they have recovered, to__drink(drink) in the hospital.
[能力提升]——一句多譯
禁止孩子們過(guò)度玩手機(jī)是父母的責(zé)任。
③It is their parents’ duty to forbid__the__children__to__play mobile phones excessively.
④It is their parents’ duty to forbid__the__children__from__playing mobile phones excessively.

forbid (doing) sth.　　　　 禁止 (做) 某事
forbid sb. to do sth.＝forbid sb. from doing sth.
禁止某人做某事
forbid sb.sth. 禁止某人某事　
[名師點(diǎn)津] (1)forbid后不能直接跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)，但可直接跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，也可用forbid sb.to do sth.形式。
(2)與forbid用法類(lèi)似的動(dòng)詞還有allow, advise, permit等。
[詞塊助記](méi)
the Forbidden City　　　　　 紫禁城
view　n．景色；風(fēng)景；觀點(diǎn)，見(jiàn)解；視野　vt.把……視為；看；觀看
[一詞多義]——寫(xiě)出下列句中view的含義
①(北京卷)While climbing the mountain，we enjoyed the warm sunshine and a beautiful view.風(fēng)景
②I can only give you a personal view of how we can live life to the full.觀點(diǎn)，見(jiàn)解
③(全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden our view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books.視野
[能力提升]——完成句子
④In__view__of(鑒于) the present situation, we’ll have to change our original plan.
⑤In__my__view(依我看), you should follow your teacher’s advice.
⑥As the car approached the town center，several tall buildings came__into__view(進(jìn)入視野)．

(1)in view　　　　　　　　　 在視野中
in view of 鑒于；考慮到
in one’s view 在某人看來(lái)
come into view 看得見(jiàn)
get/have a good view of 清楚地看到；飽覽
take/hold the view that... 持……的觀點(diǎn)
(2)view...as... 把……看作……　
[佳句背誦] Standing on the Jingshan, you will get a better view of the Forbidden City which is surrounded by a 7.9-metre-high city wall.
站在景山上， 你可以更清楚地看到被7.9米高城墻圍繞的紫禁城。
at least　至少；起碼
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①(2018·浙江卷6月) One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.
②(朗文辭典)You could buy a good washing machine for about ￡350, ￡400 at most．
[能力提升]——完成句子
③最后但同樣重要的一點(diǎn)是學(xué)會(huì)傾聽(tīng)有助于對(duì)他人有一個(gè)更好的了解。
Last__but__not__least,__learning to listen contributes to a better understanding of others.

(1)not in the least　　　 一點(diǎn)也不，毫不
last but not least 最后的但同樣重要的
least of all 尤其是；最不
(2)at (the) most 最多，至多，不超過(guò)　
[佳句背誦] A good friend is willing to offer the help which you need, or can at least give you some advice.
一個(gè)好朋友愿意在你需要時(shí)提供幫助，或者至少可以給你一些建議。(重慶卷)
go through　穿過(guò)；經(jīng)歷；通過(guò)；瀏覽；仔細(xì)察看；完成；用完
[一詞多義]——寫(xiě)出下列句中g(shù)o through的含義
①(全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)I’d be very grateful if you could take some time to go through my resume and make necessary changes.仔細(xì)檢查
②(湖南卷)As you go through this book, you will find that each of the millions of people who lived through World WarⅡ had a different experience.讀完
③As soon as the law goes through, more food in the supermarket will have to be marked with its origin.通過(guò)
④(廣東卷)We all have the power to use our fantasies to go through those things that seem impossible, and to achieve what we never believed we could.經(jīng)歷

go against　　　　　 反對(duì)；違背；對(duì)……不利
go over 復(fù)習(xí)，仔細(xì)檢查
go up 上漲，上升
go in for 愛(ài)好；參加；從事　
[佳句背誦] Qipao, one of the most typical and traditional costumes for Chinese women, went through a very long historical changes.
旗袍是中國(guó)女性最具代表性的傳統(tǒng)服裝，它曾經(jīng)經(jīng)歷了長(zhǎng)期的歷史變遷。

be to do sth.表示“按照計(jì)劃或安排將要做某事”
(教材原句)He and a colleague were to spend two years there teaching English at a teacher training college.
他和一位同事將在那里的一所教師進(jìn)修學(xué)院教兩年英語(yǔ)。
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①This medicine is to__be__taken(take) three times a day after meals.
②You are to__arrive(arrive) at the airport before five this afternoon in order to catch the plane on time.
③The purpose of education is to__develop(develop) a fine personality in children.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④因特網(wǎng)的發(fā)明注定要改變我們相互交流的方式。
The invention of the Internet is to__change__the__way__we__communicate__with__each__other．
⑤未經(jīng)警方允許，任何人不得擅自離開(kāi)這座房子。
No one is to__leave__without__the__permission__of the police.
⑥在學(xué)校大禮堂將舉行一次會(huì)議，有幾個(gè)學(xué)生正忙著準(zhǔn)備。
In the school hall, where__a__meeting__is__to__be__held,__some students are busy preparing for it.

“be＋to do結(jié)構(gòu)”用法歸納如下：
(1)表示按約定、計(jì)劃、職責(zé)、義務(wù)、要求等即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
(2)表示必須或應(yīng)該，在意思上相當(dāng)于must，should，ought to或have to。
(3)表示不可避免將要發(fā)生的事或命中注定的事。
(4)如果主語(yǔ)是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等為中心的名詞或what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，不定式作表語(yǔ)是對(duì)主語(yǔ)起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用?！?
[佳句背誦] Only if we all keep to the plan, will we go through this difficult task which is to be finished ahead of time.
只有我們堅(jiān)持計(jì)劃，才能夠完成這一必須提前完成的艱巨任務(wù)。

維度一　在空白處填入括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式
1．I had just sat down to work when I spotted something moving(move) on the wall.
2．Viewed(view) from the top of the hill, the city takes the round shape with a flowing river through it.
3．The students are forbidden，unless they have special excuses, to__stay(stay) out after 11 p．m.
4．When Mike was to__open(open) the front door, he couldn’t find his key. So he had to wait for his wife to come back.
5．It is necessary for children to exchange ideas with parents from time to time so that the generation gap between them can be__narrowed(narrow)．
維度二　在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~
1．Whoever has gone through sandstorms knows the importance of environmental protection.
2．(浙江卷)Surround yourself with uplifting individuals who challenge you to be better.
3．When the tourists who got lost in the mountain saw the light in the distance, they became very excited.
4．The New Year is coming.The air is heavy with joy and smell of fireworks.
5．Now, on the special night, I stayed in the shadows at the edge of the crowd waiting for the winning ticket to be drawn.
維度三　派生詞練習(xí)
1．There are a variety of books in the bookstore. Children can read various books here.(varied)
2．It is her nature to trust whoever she meets. So naturally,__she is often taken in by others.(nature)
3．As a famous pop star, he loves being surrounded by so many fans coming to visit him from the surrounding towns. And he also likes beautiful surroundings with green trees and flowers, because he can get much more pleasure from nature.(surround)
4．The man is always distant towards his neighbors, so his neighbors often keep him at a distance．(distant)
維度四　易錯(cuò)混用
1．Without these natural occurring gases, the sun’s rays would bounce back into space leaving the Earth cold and impossible to live on.natural→naturally
2．Africa is actually connected with Asia at the spot which the Suez Canel was dug.which→where
3．Jim is fond of his present job. He must get real kick out of his work.在get后加a
4．(安徽卷)I get at least of half an hour of exercise almost every day.刪除least后面的of
5．Only if you have finished your homework you permitted to go out playing.在第二個(gè)you前加are

提能一　語(yǔ)段填空(短文中黑體部分為本模塊核心知識(shí)點(diǎn)，請(qǐng)補(bǔ)全短文，并背誦體會(huì)黑體部分用法)
John’s father is a merchant working in a tall building 1.at the edge of a beautiful lake which 2.is__surrounded(surround) by many maple trees. He often 3.trades(trade) with others. However, he is very strict in John’s studies. His requirement is that John 4.(should)__take(take) advantage of all his time to study. 5.Spotting(spot) any mistake in John’s homework, he will ask John to correct it 6.immediately (immediate). What’s more, he forbids John 7.to__watch(watch) TV from Monday to Friday. Instead, he requires John to study at least two hours every evening. Whenever he has a period of time off, he communicates with John and encourages him. In his view, only8.if John works harder, will he go 9.through the College Entrance Examination and 10.be__admitted(admit) to a key university.
提能二　話題寫(xiě)作(用本模塊詞匯、句式和語(yǔ)法知識(shí)寫(xiě)滿分作文)
假定你是李華，你的英國(guó)朋友Jim因想要到中國(guó)長(zhǎng)江游玩而寫(xiě)信給你，希望你能給些建議?，F(xiàn)請(qǐng)你給他回信，內(nèi)容包括：①長(zhǎng)江是中華文明的母親河之一；②長(zhǎng)江的景點(diǎn)；③表示祝愿。
1．補(bǔ)全要點(diǎn)句(黑體部分請(qǐng)用本模塊所學(xué)詞匯)
①知道你將要游玩長(zhǎng)江，我非常高興。長(zhǎng)江是中華文明的母親河之一。
I’m more than delighted to know that you are__to__visit the Yangtze River, one of the mother rivers of Chinese civilization.
②在我看來(lái)，如果你游玩長(zhǎng)江，你可以更好地了解中國(guó)的歷史。
In__my__view,__if you take the trip to the Yangtze River, you can have a better knowledge of the history of China.
③長(zhǎng)江沿岸引人入勝的景點(diǎn)不勝枚舉，所有的景點(diǎn)都承載著傳說(shuō)。
Many attractive scenic__spots are along the river, all__of__which__are__heavy__with__legends．
④利用這次旅行你不僅能好好欣賞周?chē)娘L(fēng)景而且能開(kāi)拓視野。
Take__advantage__of__the__trip,__and you will not only have__a__good__view__of__the__surrounding__scenery but also broaden your horizons.
⑤希望你此次長(zhǎng)江之行玩得開(kāi)心。
Hope you’ll get__a__kick__out__of the trip to the Yangtze River.
2．升級(jí)平淡句
⑥用“only if 從句”的倒裝形式升級(jí)句②
In__my__view,__only__if__you__take__the__trip__to__the__Yangtze__River__can__you__have__a__better__knowledge__of__the__history__of__China.
⑦用全部倒裝句升級(jí)句③
Along__the__river__are__many__attractive__scenic__spots,__all__of__which__are__heavy__with__legends.
3．銜接成美文(注意用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^(guò)渡銜接詞匯：naturally)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear Jim，
I’m more than delighted to know that you are to visit the Yangtze River, one of the mother rivers of Chinese civilization.
In my view, only if you take the trip to the Yangtze River can you have a better knowledge of the history of China. Naturally, along the river are many attractive scenic spots, all of which are heavy with legends. Take advantage of the trip, and you will not only have a good view of the surrounding scenery but also broaden your horizons.
Hope you’ll get a kick out of the trip to the Yangtze River.
Yours，
Li Hua

(建議用時(shí)：35分鐘)
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
(2020·濟(jì)南模擬)
New York Walking Tours
◆Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island Walking Tour
Start this exciting guided 4-hour tour by getting early Reserve Line Access boarding on the ferry to Liberty Island. Once there, go inside the base of the statue and head to the observation decks for an awesome view of New York City and its surroundings. Then come back on the ferry to Ellis Island to learn about the history of immigration(移民入境) to America that took place here between 1892 and 1954.
◆Central Park Walking Tour
Walk through Central Park’s most picturesque highlights on a 2-hour tour with a professional photographer. Remember your New York City adventure with unforgettable images of you with family or friends as you circle the towers at Belvedere Castle, and walk through paths with flowers in the Conservatory Garden, or feed the swans by the Loeb Boathouse.
◆New York City Architecture Walking Tour
Learn about the history of the buildings that define the New York City skyline on a 3-hour walking architecture tour. Walk down the famous 42nd Street corridor with a longtime New York resident(居民) and architectural expert, stopping along the way to learn about Midtown Manhattan’s most iconic structures like the Chrysler Building, Grand Central Station and the New York Public Library.
◆Greenwich Village Walking Tour
Greenwich Village is one of New York City’s most beautiful and famous neighborhoods. Take a guided 2-hour walking tour of this legendary Lower Manhattan space. Hear about the famous artists who once lived here, from Edgar Allan Poe to Bob Dylan, Jimi Hendrix and countless others. Walk the winding streets and visit popular Washington Square Park, reliving more than 200 years of history.
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了四個(gè)在紐約進(jìn)行徒步旅行的項(xiàng)目。
1．Why do tourists visit Ellis Island?
A．To know about American immigration history.
B．To explore the surroundings of the island.
C．To get a whole view of New York City.
D．To observe Statue of Liberty closely.
A　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island Walking Tour部分的最后一句“Then come back on the ferry to Ellis Island to learn about the history of immigration(移民入境) to America that took place here between 1892 and 1954.”可知，旅游者參觀埃利斯島的目的是了解移民美國(guó)的歷史。故選A。
2．Who will go with tourists on Central Park Walking Tour?
A．An experienced guide.
B．An architectural expert.
C．A professional photographer.
D．A longtime New York resident.
C　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Central Park Walking Tour部分的第一句“Walk through Central Park’s most picturesque highlights on a 2-hour tour with a professional photographer.”可知，在中央公園的徒步旅行中會(huì)有一個(gè)專(zhuān)業(yè)攝影師和旅游者在一起。故選C。
3．Which tour takes the longest time?
A．Central Park Walking Tour.
B．Greenwich Village Walking Tour.
C．New York City Architecture Walking Tour.
D．Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island Walking Tour.
D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island Walking Tour部分第一句中的“Start this exciting guided 4-hour tour”可知，這個(gè)徒步旅行需要4個(gè)小時(shí)。而其他三個(gè)徒步旅行需要的時(shí)間分別是：A：2個(gè)小時(shí)，B：2個(gè)小時(shí)，C：3個(gè)小時(shí)。故選D。
4．What can tourists do on Greenwich Village Walking Tour?
A．Take unforgettable pictures.
B．Come across Bob Dylan.
C．Visit New York Public Library.
D．Learn about famous artists.
D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第三句“Hear about the famous artists who once lived here, from Edgar Allan Poe to Bob Dylan, Jimi Hendrix and countless others.”可知，游客可以通過(guò)Greenwich Village Walking Tour這個(gè)徒步旅行項(xiàng)目去了解著名的藝術(shù)家。故選D。
B
(2020·合肥第一次質(zhì)檢)We can have video chat with astronauts aboard the International Space Station and watch live footage from the frozen heights of a mountain. But communicating with a submarine(潛艇) or a diver is not so easy. The lack of practical methods for sharing data between underwater and airborne(空氣傳播的) devices has long been a frustration for scientists. The difficulty stems from the fact that radio signals work perfectly in air travel but poorly in water. Sonar signals used by underwater sensors reflect off the surface of water rather than reaching the air.
Now, researchers at MIT have developed a method with the potential to revolutionize underwater communication. “What we’ve shown is that it’s actually feasible to communicate from underwater to the air，” says Fadel Adib, a professor at MIT’s Media Lab, who led the research.
The MIT researchers designed a system that uses an underwater machine to send sonar signals to the surface, making vibrations(震動(dòng)) corresponding to the 1s and 0s of the data. A surface receiver then reads and decodes these tiny vibrations. The researchers call the system TARF. “It has any number of potential real-world uses，” Adib says. “It could be used to find downed planes underwater by reading signals from sonar devices in a plane’s black box and it could allow submarines to communicate with the surface.”
Right now the technology is low-resolution. The initial study was conducted in the MIT swimming pool at maximum depths of around 11 or 12 feet. The next steps for the researchers are to see if TARF is workable at much greater depths and under varying conditions—high waves, storms, schools of fish. They also want to see if they can make the technology work in the other direction—air to water. If the technology proves successful in real-world conditions, expect “texting while diving” to be the latest underwater fashion.
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了一項(xiàng)麻省理工學(xué)院的科學(xué)家發(fā)明的從水下與地面上的人進(jìn)行通信的技術(shù)。
5．What does the author mainly talk about in Paragraph 1?
A．The future of video chat underwater and in air.
B．The frustrations of developing underwater devices.
C．The difficulty of communication from water to air.
D．The current situation of communicating with a submarine.
C　解析：段落大意題。通讀第一段的內(nèi)容可知，該段主要講的是從水下與地面的人進(jìn)行通信非常困難，故選C。
6．What does the underlined word “feasible” mean?
A．Achievable.　　　　　　　 B．Convenient.
C．Changeable. D．Alternative.
A　解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Now, researchers at MIT have developed...underwater communication.”可知，麻省理工學(xué)院的研究人員發(fā)明了一種可能改變水下通信的方法，使從水下與地面上的人進(jìn)行溝通成為可能，故A項(xiàng)“可實(shí)現(xiàn)的”與畫(huà)線詞意思最相近。故選A。
7．What do we know about TARF?
A．It is widely used to find downed planes.
B．It can work well at great depths underwater.
C．It is an underwater machine that sends signals.
D．It can send, receive and read signals from underwater.
D　解析：推理判斷題。文章第三段詳細(xì)講述了TARF系統(tǒng)的工作原理：該系統(tǒng)使用一個(gè)水下機(jī)器向水面發(fā)送聲吶信號(hào)，對(duì)0到1秒的數(shù)據(jù)產(chǎn)生震動(dòng)，然后水面接收器讀取并對(duì)這些微小的震動(dòng)進(jìn)行重新編碼，這樣可以從水下與地面上的人進(jìn)行通信。故選D。
8．What is the best title for the text?
A．The Real-world Uses of Sonar Technology
B．Full Water-to-air Communication Closer to Reality
C．A Breakthrough in the Application of Video Chat
D．TARF Becoming a New Means of Communication
B　解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了科學(xué)家發(fā)明的一種從水下與地面上的人進(jìn)行通信聯(lián)系的系統(tǒng)，研究人員將會(huì)把它投入到真實(shí)的狀況下進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證，因此B項(xiàng)最適合作本文標(biāo)題。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·重慶調(diào)研)In a remote village, selling chestnuts was the main source of livelihood for local villagers. In late autumn, the hills were covered by the trees and chestnuts were __1__ from the branches of the trees, which __2__ with the wind attracting local villagers to __3__ them at this time of year.
The villagers took the chestnuts, carried them home and __4__ them out. The whole family sifted(篩) and sorted them according to their __5__， and then transported them to the city for wholesale or retail. Every villager knew that if they wanted to sell for a good price, what really __6__ was to send the selected chestnuts to the market first. Many families, which were short of __7__， would go to the nearby villages to hire workers with high __8__．
Still, to many people’s __9__， there was a young man in the village who could never need help, __10__ he had limited hands. He lived with his blind and old mother. He always arrived at the market one step ahead of the other ones __11__ he could sell out of all the chestnuts and then happily drove back with his truck __12__．
The secret of the young man was: after picking chestnuts, he put them __13__ into a sack(麻袋) and carried them to the truck. When he set out, he chose the road, __14__ and bumpy(不平的), to go, __15__ the small ones would jump to the __16__ of the bag and the larger ones would stay on the top of the bag. It would save time for classification and selection. When inquired how he found the way, the young man __17__：“If you put your heart into it, you will find the right way. This is not an accident but a(n) __18__ result.”
There will always be people who get __19__ or complain when they hear bad news. As a matter of fact, if you use your head, you will be __20__ to the people and things in the environment. When you turn your mind into action to move forward step by step, you can also create a new world for yourself.
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，主要講述了一個(gè)年輕人用便捷的方法篩選栗子的故事，進(jìn)而啟迪讀者——世上無(wú)難事，只怕有心人。
1．A.holding　　　　　　　　 B．filling
C．planting D．hanging
D　解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及常識(shí)可知，山丘上遍布樹(shù)木，栗子從樹(shù)枝上垂下來(lái)(hanging)，故選D。
2．A.fell B．shook
C．jumped D．folded
B　解析：根據(jù)空后的“with the wind”可推知，栗子隨風(fēng)搖動(dòng)(shook)，吸引當(dāng)?shù)氐拇迕駛冊(cè)谝荒曛械倪@個(gè)時(shí)候來(lái)采摘(pick)，故選B。
3．A.enjoy B．view
C．seek D．pick
D　解析：參見(jiàn)上題解析。
4．A.poured B．took
C．thought D．figured
A　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“The whole family sifted(篩) and sorted them”可推知，村民們把采摘的栗子帶回家，倒(poured)出來(lái)，然后才能進(jìn)行篩選和分類(lèi)，故選A。
5．A.shape B．size
C．taste D．color
B　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“the small ones would jump to the ______ of the bag and the larger ones would stay on the top of the bag”可推知，整個(gè)家庭根據(jù)栗子的大小(size)進(jìn)行篩選和分類(lèi)，故選B。
6．A.mattered B．cared
C．interested D．minded
A　解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可推知，真正要緊(mattered)的是要把挑選好的栗子先送到市場(chǎng)上去，故選A。
7．A.hands B．power
C．experience D．ways
A　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“he had limited hands”可推知，許多家庭在這個(gè)時(shí)候就會(huì)缺少人手，會(huì)去附近的村子里以高薪(salary)雇人干活，故選A。
8．A.quality B．quantity
C．money D．salary
D　解析：參見(jiàn)上題解析。
9．A.puzzlement B．relief
C．a(chǎn)stonishment D．delight
A　解析：根據(jù)上文可知，在栗子收獲的季節(jié)許多家庭往往缺少人手，并結(jié)合下文可知，這個(gè)年輕人從不需要幫忙，由此可推知，這點(diǎn)讓很多人困惑(puzzlement)，故選A。
10．A.only if B．a(chǎn)s if
C．even if D．if only
C　解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，即使(even if)這個(gè)年輕人人手有限，但他從不需要幫助。
11．A.which B．where
C．whom D．who
B　解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，空處在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，修飾先行詞“the market”，故選B。
12．A.full B．filled
C．empty D．loaded
C　解析：根據(jù)空前的“he could sell out of all the chestnuts”可知，他能夠賣(mài)光自己所有的栗子，然后開(kāi)心地開(kāi)著空(empty)卡車(chē)回家，故選C。
13．A.suddenly B．shortly
C．directly D．hurriedly
C　解析：根據(jù)上文可知，人們把采摘的栗子帶回家，倒出來(lái)，然后進(jìn)行篩選和分類(lèi)，最后才運(yùn)到市場(chǎng)上賣(mài)掉，而這個(gè)年輕人直接(directly)把采摘的栗子裝進(jìn)麻袋里，將它們搬上卡車(chē)，故選C。
14．A.tough B．rough
C．regular D．smooth
B　解析：由空后的“bumpy”為并列結(jié)構(gòu)可推知，他選擇的路是高低不平的(rough)，故選B。
15．A.even B．or
C．but D．so
D　解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，空處前后表示邏輯上的因果關(guān)系，前因后果，故選D。
16．A.hole B．tip
C．middle D．bottom
D　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“and the larger ones would stay on the top of the bag”可推知，小些的栗子會(huì)快速移動(dòng)到袋子的底部(bottom)，而大些的栗子會(huì)留在上面，故選D。
17．A.sighed B．excited
C．smiled D．sneezed
C　解析：根據(jù)空后的內(nèi)容可推知，這個(gè)年輕人當(dāng)時(shí)是微笑(smiled)著(說(shuō))的。sigh“嘆氣”；excite“使激動(dòng)，使興奮”；sneeze“打噴嚏”。
18．A.unexpected B．necessary
C．a(chǎn)ccidental D．deliberate
B　解析：根據(jù)該句中的“This is not an accident but”可推知，這并非意外，而是必然的(necessary)結(jié)果，故選B。
19．A.stricken B．satisfied
C．upset D．surprised
C　解析：根據(jù)空后的“or complain when they hear bad news”可知，此處與“complain”并列，故C項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。
20．A.sensitive B．a(chǎn)ccessible
C．relative D．flexible
A　解析：根據(jù)上文年輕人的回答“If you put your heart into it, you will find the right way.”和本句中的“if you use your head”可推知，A項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。sensitive“敏感的”；accessible“可進(jìn)入的”；relative“相對(duì)的”；flexible“靈活的”。


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