2021版高考英語（外研版）一輪復(fù)習(xí)教師用書：必修53Module3　AdventureinLiteratureandtheCinema

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一、語基必備知識
(一)重點詞匯——分類記憶
Ⅰ.閱讀詞匯——在不認(rèn)識的詞匯前劃√
biography n．　　　　 fantasy n.
detective n. murderer n.
shelter n. crawl vi.
trunk n. outline n.
comedy n. romantic adj.
fiction n. shallow adj.
adolescent n. vivid adj.
establish vt.
Ⅱ.核心詞匯——寫其形
1．a(chǎn)ccount n．　　　　　 敘述；描寫；報道
2．pour vi. (雨)傾盆而下
3．panic vt. (使)恐慌；(使)驚慌失措
4．tie vt. (用繩、帶等)綁，系，拴
5．disturb vt. 打擾
6．review n. (影視、音樂)評論
7．resemble vt. 與……相似
8．exception n. 例外
9．force vt. 強(qiáng)迫；迫使
10．reputation n. 名譽(yù)；名望；聲望
Ⅲ.拓展詞匯——通其變
1．warn vt.警告→warning n．警告
2．solve vt.解決→solution n．解決方案
3．lie vi.說謊；撒謊n.謊言；謊話→liar n．說謊者
4．company n．陪伴；交往n.公司→companion n．同伴；伙伴
5．curious adj.好奇的→curiously adv.好奇地→curiosity n．好奇心
6．determine v．(使)決定→determined adj.堅決的→determination n．決心
7．create vt.塑造；創(chuàng)作→creation n．創(chuàng)作(物)→creative adj.創(chuàng)造性的；有創(chuàng)造力的
8．terrify vt.使害怕，使恐慌→terrified adj.非常害怕的；極度恐慌的→terrifying adj.令人害怕的
9．fright n．恐懼；害怕→frighten v．使……恐懼，害怕→frightening adj.令人害怕的→frightened adj.感到害怕的

1.“動詞＋-ing”轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞
①warning　　　　 警告
②understanding 理解
③suffering 痛苦；苦難
④training 訓(xùn)練
⑤saying 諺語
⑥greeting 問候
⑦feeling 感覺
⑧meaning 意義；意思
2.“震驚，害怕”動詞一覽
①panic　　　 (使)恐慌；(使)驚慌失措
②surprise 使驚奇
③amaze 使吃驚
④astonish 使驚訝
⑤frighten 使……恐懼/害怕
⑥scare 驚嚇；把……嚇跑
⑦terrify 恐嚇；使害怕
⑧shock 使震驚
3.盤點“情緒”高頻形容詞
①terrified　　　 非常害怕的
②frightened 感到害怕的
③confident 自信的
④bored 無聊的；煩人的
⑤ashamed 羞愧的，慚愧的
⑥excited 興奮的
⑦confused 迷惑不解的
⑧desperate 全然不顧的
(二)重點短語——記牢用活
1．have__connection__with　 與……有聯(lián)系/有關(guān)聯(lián)
2．run__away (秘密地)逃跑；避開
3．play__a__trick__on__sb. 捉弄某人，對某人惡作劇
4．make__up 編造(說法、解釋等)
5．be/feel__in__the__mood__(for__sth./to__do__sth.)
有意(做某事)；有(做某事的)心情
6．set__(a__play,__novel,__etc.)__in　　 設(shè)置(戲劇、小說等的)背景
7．to__one’s__astonishment 令某人吃驚的是
8．make__one’s__fortune 發(fā)財
9．set__off 出發(fā)；啟程
10．live/lead__a...life 過著……的生活

1.“v.＋away”短語重點突破
①run away　　 (秘密地)逃跑
②break away 脫離；逃脫
③give away 捐贈；泄露
④put away 把……放回原處
⑤take away 帶走；解除
2.“to one’s＋n.”短語薈萃
①to one’s astonishment　 令某人大吃一驚的是
②to one’s regret 令某人遺憾的是
③to one’s relief 令某人感到欣慰的是
④to one’s disappointment 令某人失望的是
3.“v.＋up”短語全掃描
①make up　 化妝；組成；編造；和好
②bring up 撫養(yǎng)；提出；嘔吐
③call up 打電話；回憶起
④take up 開始從事；占據(jù)
⑤break up 破碎；關(guān)系破裂
(三)重點句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：as if “似乎，好像”，引導(dǎo)表語從句
“It looks as__if it’ll go under soon，” Jim said, after a couple of minutes.
幾分鐘后，吉姆說：“看起來它好像很快就要沉下去了。”
句型2：感官動詞＋賓語＋賓補(bǔ)
It was quite dark，but I could see__a__man__lying on the floor, tied up with rope.
四周都很黑，但我能看見一個人被繩子捆著正躺在地板上。
句型3：only to find...作結(jié)果狀語，表示一種想象不到、出乎意料的結(jié)果
He arrived in New Orleans without a penny in his pocket only__to__find__that there were no boats for South America.
他身無分文地來到新奧爾良時，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)那里沒有開往南美洲的船了。
二、語境強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練
Ⅰ.語境填詞——根據(jù)提示寫出該詞的適當(dāng)形式
A．根據(jù)漢語提示寫出下列單詞
1．The dog tied(拴) to the tree in front of the red house is mine.
2．He was too shocked to give an account(敘述) of what had happened.
3．Our company has a good reputation(名譽(yù)), solid strength and good after-sales service.
4．They were very curious(好奇的) about the people who lived upstairs.
5．The dog may be a good companion(同伴) for the old. However, the need to take it for walks may be a disadvantage.
B．根據(jù)所給單詞寫出適當(dāng)形式
6．When the fire broke out, people panicked(panic) and ran in all directions.
7．She resembles(resemble) her mother in appearance but not in character.
8．The disturbing(disturb) problem drew the attention of the government at once.
9．He was__forced(force) to leave school and support his family at an early age.
10．She gave me a determined(determine) look — the kind of look that said she would never change her mind.
Ⅱ.語境品詞——寫出加黑詞匯在語境中的意義
1．(2019·北京卷)How does the author feel about the solutions to the problem of robocalls？解決方案
2．(2019·天津卷)Opportunity favors those with a curious mind.求知欲強(qiáng)的
3．(2019·北京卷)Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real.確定
4．(2018·全國卷Ⅱ) Corn uses less water than rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff.引起，產(chǎn)生
Ⅲ.選詞成篇
run away; set (a play, novel, etc.) in; be/feel in the mood (for sth./to do sth.); make one’s/a fortune; set off
When hearing there was a chance to 1.make__his__fortune in a town, he 2.was/felt__in__the__mood__for it. And immediately he 3.set__off for the town. But when he arrived there, he found that he had fallen into a trap. Now what he wanted to do was to 4.run__away from the spot.
have connection with; to one’s astonishment; play a trick on sb.; make up; live/lead a．..life
Sometimes 5.playing__a__trick__on others may cause damage to friendship. There were two friends who often 6.had__connection__with each other. But 7.to__our__astonishment,__they split up because of a joke. Fortunately with the misunderstanding cleared up, they 8.made__up again.
Ⅳ.完成語段
We were about to see a film. However, we missed the bus. 1.It__looked__as__if(看上去似乎) we would have to take a taxi. When we arrived at the cinema, we 2.saw__so__many__people__waiting__in__line(看到如此多的人在排隊等候) to buy tickets. Unfortunately, we finally reached the window, 3.only__to__be__told(結(jié)果被告知) that there were no tickets available.

account　n．?dāng)⑹?；描寫；報道；賬單；賬戶　v．說明；解釋
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①(2019·江蘇卷)In modern man, the brain accounts for about 2－3% of total body weight, but it consumes 25% of the body’s energy when the body is at rest.
②(2017·江蘇卷)While this book tells the stories of famous people in history, it also gives an account of the lives of lesser-known individuals.
③He had to leave his beloved basketball team on account of his injured legs.
[能力提升]——詞匯升級
④(普通表達(dá))I sincerely hope that you will consider my suggestions. (2018·全國卷Ⅰ)
(高級表達(dá))I sincerely hope that you will take my suggestions into__account/consideration．

(1)take account of.../take...into account/consideration
　　　　　　　　　 把……考慮在內(nèi)
on account of 因為，由于
on no account 絕不
give an account of 報告；敘述；說明
(2)account for 解釋；說明；
(數(shù)量，比例上)占　
[佳句背誦] The professor warned the students that on no account should they use mobile phones in his class.　教授警告學(xué)生們絕對不要在他的課堂上使用手機(jī)。(2019·天津卷)
[名師點津] on no account意為“絕不”，放在句首時常引起句子的部分倒裝，有類似用法的還有by no means, in no way, on no condition, under no circumstances, in no case, at no time等。
lie　n．謊言　vi.躺著；說謊；撒謊；位于
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①a.He lay(lie) awake at night, stressed and worried, thinking about the accident in the daytime.
b．The boy lying on his side told his sister that Japan lies to the east of China.(lie)
②(湖北卷)There is no doubt that this candidate’s advantage lies in his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③女孩對她媽媽撒謊說她病了，不能去上學(xué)了。
The girl lied__to__her__mum that she was ill and that she couldn’t go to school.
④他仰臥著，臉朝上，頭枕在交叉的雙手上。
He lay__on__his__back,__with his face up and his hands crossed under his head.

(1)lie in　　　　　　　　　　　　 在于
lie down 躺下
lie on one’s back/side/stomach 仰臥/側(cè)臥/
俯臥
(2)tell a lie 說謊
lie to sb. 對某人說謊
(3)liar n. 說謊者　
[名師點津]
詞義
原形
過去式
過去分詞
現(xiàn)在分詞
說謊
lie
lied
lied
lying
躺；位于
lie
lay
lain
lying
放置；下蛋
lay
laid
laid
laying
warn　vt.警告；告誡
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①Tom warned us of/against the serious situation in Iraq, and warned us not to__go(go) there to travel.
②(2019·北京卷)How did Moore react to her dad’s warning(warn)?
[能力提升]——一句多譯
(天津卷)我的父親警告我不要去擠滿游客的海邊。
③My father warned__me__not__to__go__to__the__seaside where it was crowded with tourists.
④My father warned__me__against__going__to__the__seaside where it was crowded with tourists.

(1)warn sb. of/against sth. 提醒/警告某人當(dāng)心某事
warn sb. not to do/against (doing) sth.
提醒/警告某人不要
做某事
warn sb. that-clause 警告/提醒某人……
(2)warning n. 警告；警報　
[佳句背誦] The teacher warned Jane not to lie to him and to account for her absence from class honestly. 　老師告誡簡不要對他撒謊， 誠實地解釋她缺課的原因。
determined　adj.堅決的；有決心的；意志堅定的
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①(2019·天津卷)Driven by heaven-knows-what motives，he determines to write(write) a book.
②a. (安徽卷) Where he once felt like giving up, he now has the determination(determine) to push further and keep on going.
b．She was a brave and determined(determine) girl with rich imagination.
c. (2017·江蘇卷)Determining(determine) where we are in relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.
[能力提升]——句式升級
③(普通表達(dá))They were determined to complete the job on time, so they set out to work immediately.
(高級表達(dá))Determined__to__complete__the__job__on__time,__they set out to work immediately.(過去分詞短語作狀語)

(1)be determined to do sth.　 決心做某事
(2)determine v. 決定；(使)下決心
determine to do sth. 決定做某事 (動作)
determine that... 決心/決定……
(3)determination n. 決心　
[佳句背誦] It is your efforts, not your intelligence, that determine your success.
決定你成功的是你的努力，而不是你的智力。(湖北卷)
[名師點津] (1)高考中常把determined to do sth.作狀語的用法作為考查點，有類似用法的還有l(wèi)ost in, caught in, absorbed in等。
(2)表示“決定做某事”的還有decide to do sth.，make up one’s mind to do sth.。
[詞塊助記] a determined person 一個有決心的人
a person with determination 一個有決心的人
make up　編造(說法、解釋等)，虛構(gòu)；組成，構(gòu)成；化妝；和解
[一詞多義]——寫出下列句中make up的含義
①(天津卷)In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words used in daily conversations.組成，構(gòu)成
②They have quarreled seriously three times but each time they have made up and become best friends again.和好
③She spent an hour making up before the party to look more attractive.化妝
④We don’t like him because he is always making up excuses whenever he makes mistakes.編造

make up for　　　　　　　　 彌補(bǔ)；償還
make out 辨認(rèn)出；理解
make use of 利用
make sense 有意義，講得通
make up one’s mind (to do) 下決心(做某事)　
[佳句背誦] Westerners should take advantage of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Western philosophy.
西方人應(yīng)當(dāng)利用古代的中國智慧來彌補(bǔ)西方哲學(xué)的不足。(遼寧卷)
set off　動身，出發(fā)；啟程；引爆(炸彈等)；燃放(煙火等)；引發(fā)
[一詞多義]——寫出下列句中set off的含義
①(安徽卷)Traditionally, college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they set off on their life journey.出發(fā)
②Do be careful with the fireworks; the slightest spark could set them off.使爆炸
③His rude reply set off a bad feeling of me and I left without saying anything.引起
[能力提升]——完成句子
④(福建卷)你最好每天抽出一些時間運動，以便能夠保持精力充沛。
You had better set__aside__some__time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic.

set out for sp.　　　　　　　 出發(fā)去某地
set out to do sth.＝set about doing sth.
開始做某事
set aside 存儲；留出
set up 建立；創(chuàng)立
set down 放下；記下；登記　
[佳句背誦] Armed with the information you have gathered, you can set about preparing/set out to prepare your business plan.
有這些你收集的信息，你可以著手準(zhǔn)備你的商業(yè)計劃了。(浙江卷)

as if/though　“似乎，好像”，引導(dǎo)表語從句
(教材原句)“It looks as if it’ll go under soon，” Jim said, after a couple of minutes.
幾分鐘后，吉姆說：“看起來它好像很快就要沉下去了?！?br /> [基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空
①Hurry up! It looks as if the train is__going(go) to move in two minutes.
②(江蘇卷)More generally, the Internet functions as if it were(be) my memory.
③(重慶卷)It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I had__done(do) it?
[能力提升]——句式升級
④(普通表達(dá))She walked here and there on the playground as if she was looking for something.
(高級表達(dá))She walked here and there on the playground as__if__looking__for__something．(省略句)
⑤(普通表達(dá))The boy stood there with his head bent as if he was criticized by the teacher.
(高級表達(dá))The boy stood there with his head bent as__if__criticized__by__the__teacher．(省略句)

(1)as if/as though意為“仿佛，好像”，引導(dǎo)表語從句。常位于be, look, seem, sound, smell, feel等系動詞之后。
(2)as if/though引導(dǎo)從句，當(dāng)從句所陳述的是不真實的或不可能發(fā)生(存在)的情況時，從句謂語常用虛擬語氣。其形式如下：
①表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，從句謂語動詞用過去時；
②表示與過去事實相反，從句謂語動詞用過去完成時；
③表示與將來事實相反，從句謂語動詞用would/could/might do。　
[名師點津] 如果as if/as though引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致，并且從句中有be的某種形式，則省略“從句主語＋be”。

維度一　在空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式
1．I warned her not to__walk(walk) on the thin ice but she would not listen to me.
2．He purposely ignored her call because he just didn’t feel like being__disturbed(disturb)．
3．I was in great pain at that moment, but I tried to act as if nothing had__happened(happen).
4．For lack of money, the young man is forced to__earn(earn) money before finishing his education.
5．After two days we finally arrived at the small village, only to__be__told(tell) that the old man had passed away.
維度二　在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~
1．John made up a funny joke to amuse his younger brother who was in deep sorrow for his dead pet.
2．(福建卷)It is said that body language accounts for 55 per cent of a first impression while what you say just 7 per cent.
3．The strength of the book lies in the fact that the material is from classroom experience.
4．Some people think that global warming has connection with human activities.
5．To my astonishment, he still remembered my birthday after we separated for so many years.
維度三　派生詞練習(xí)
1．The guy is a liar,__who often tells lies. Don’t believe him because he is lying now.(lie)
2．Children are always curious about everything they see and hear. They will ask all kinds of questions curiously. To meet their curiosity,__we’d better answer them.(curious)
3．When I watch a frightening film, I often feel frightened and lie in bed shaking with fright．(fright)
4．Tim Berners-Lee is a creative man, who has created World Wide Web. His creation is of great use to us.(create)
5．The government issued a warning that the fish might not be fit to eat. They warned that those who ate the fish were likely to get cancer.(warn)
6．From the determined expression on his face, we knew that he was determined to take up the job, which needed great patience and determination．(determine)
維度四　易錯混用
1．After the baby stopped crying, she lay him gently down on the bed.lay→laid
2．People gathered round, curiously to know who was qualified for the job.curiously→curious
3．It’s bad manners to play a trick in the disabled; instead, we should care about them.in→on
4．We shouldn’t run away the challenges but face and solve them bravely.在away后加from
5．I still find it terrified to find myself surrounded by large numbers of horses.terrified→terrifying

提能一　語段填空(短文中黑體部分為本模塊核心知識點，請補(bǔ)全短文，并背誦體會黑體部分用法)
My companions and I were playing in the field one day 1.when a heavy rain began to pour down. It was essential for us to find 2.a shelter, so we set off 3.to__solve(solve) this problem. A lightning came, followed by a thunder, 4.terrifying(terrify) us. My shoelace(鞋帶) was loose and I was 5.determined(determine) to lay my toy in my hand on the ground, tying it in panic. We were forced to run 6.away,__but suddenly we saw something 7.lying(lie) on our way home. Frightened, they dared not move on. Ignoring their warning, I wanted to find out what it was 8.curiously(curious). To my 9.astonishment(astonish), it was an injured bird, which we hurried to carry home. Examined by my father, it was not serious and would be OK in a few days. I was very pleased 10.to__look(look) after it.
提能二　話題寫作(用本模塊詞匯、句式和語法知識寫滿分作文)
假設(shè)你是李華，是你校校報英文欄目編輯，請你寫一篇短文介紹馬克·吐溫。要點如下：①簡要介紹馬克·吐溫；②簡單進(jìn)行評價。
1．補(bǔ)全要點句(黑體部分請用本模塊所學(xué)詞匯)
①馬克·吐溫享有19世紀(jì)最著名的美國小說家之一的名譽(yù)。
Mark Twain has__established__a__reputation as one of the best-known American writers in the nineteenth century.
②他的許多小說以他童年的冒險故事為背景。
Many of his novels were__set__in his childhood adventures.
③他曾經(jīng)出發(fā)去新奧爾良發(fā)財，卻被迫做了一段時間水手。
He once set__off__for New Orleans to make__a__fortune,__but was__forced__to__work as a sailor for some time.
④他決定描述他的冒險生活，因此創(chuàng)作了大量受人歡迎的小說。
He determined__to__give__an__account__of his adventurous life, thus he created__many__popular__novels．
⑤他的小說語言生動而有趣，這也是他的作品深受全球讀者喜愛的原因。
His novels were written in__vivid__and__amusing__language,__which accounted__for the reason why his works are deeply loved by readers throughout the world.
2．升級平淡句
⑥用only to do 作結(jié)果狀語升級句③
He__once__set__off__for__New__Orleans__to__make__a__fortune,__only to__be__forced__to__work as a sailor for some time.
⑦用非謂語動詞作狀語升級句④
Determined__to__give__an__account__of__his__adventurous__life,__he__created__many__popular__novels.
3．銜接成美文
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One possible version：
Mark Twain has established a reputation as one of the best-known American writers in the nineteenth century. Many of his novels were set in his childhood adventures. He once set off for New Orleans to make a fortune, only to be forced to work as a sailor for some time. Determined to give an account of his adventurous life, he created many popular novels. His novels were written in vivid and amusing language，which accounted for the reason why his works are deeply loved by readers throughout the world.

(建議用時：35分鐘)
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
(2020·昆明教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測)
2019 Academy Award for Best Picture Nominations(提名)
Black Panther
Type: Adventure
Running Time: 134 min.
Release Date: February 16, 2018(the United States)
Current rank: ★★★★
Director: Ryan Coogler
Actors: Chadwick Boseman, Michael B. Jordan
With his father having died in Captain America: Civil War, T’Challa is the new ruler of the advanced kingdom of Wakanda. As the king, whenever a challenger for the crown announces his intentions, he must give up his powers and take them on in a physical challenge.
The Favourite
Type: Drama
Running Time: 120 min.
Release Date：November 23, 2018 (the United States)
Current rank: ★★★
Director: Yorgos Lanthimos
Actors: Emma Stone, Rachel Weisz
In the early 18th century, with Britain and France at war, a fragile Queen Anne occupies the throne as her close friend Lady Sarah Churchill governs the country in her stead, while tending to Anne’s ill health and changeable temper.
Green Book
Type: Drama
Running Time: 130 min.
Release Date: November 16, 2018(the United States)
Current rank: ★★★★★
Director: Peter Farrelly
Actors: Viggo Mortensen, Mahershala Ali
Tony Lip, an uneducated Italian-American who’s known for using his fists to get his way, is hired to drive world-class, famous pianist Don Shirley on a concert tour from Midwest to the Deep South. They must rely on The Negro Motorist Green Book to guide them to the few settlements that were then safe for blacks.
A Star Is Born
Type: Musical
Running Time: 135 min.
Release Date: October 5, 2018(the United States)
Current rank: ★★★★
Director: Bradley Cooper
Actors: Bradley Cooper, Lady Gaga
When country music star Jackson Maine stops at a bar for a drink after a concert, he’s both entertained and attracted by young nightclub singer Ally. He discovers that she writes songs as well as being a talented singer, but hasn’t had a break because of her look.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了四部獲得2019年度奧斯卡最佳影片獎提名的電影。
1．Which film is the least popular among audience?
A．Black Panther.　　　　　　 B．The Favourite.
C．Green Book. D．A Star Is Born.
B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)各部電影介紹中的“Current rank”可知，The Favourite的星級最少。故選B。
2．The film about the rights of black people belongs to ________.
A．a(chǎn)dventure B．musical
C．drama D．comedy
C　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Green Book部分最后一句中的“that were then safe for blacks”以及“Type: Drama”可知，C項正確。
3．Who works as a director and actor?
A．Ryan Coogler. B．Yorgos Lanthimos.
C．Peter Farrelly. D．Bradley Cooper.
D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)A Star Is Born部分的內(nèi)容可知，既是導(dǎo)演又是演員的是Bradley Cooper。
B
(2020·石家莊高三質(zhì)檢)Most dog owners are convinced that their four-legged friends know exactly what they mean when they use certain words like “sit”， “stay” or “treat”. However, researchers have always wondered whether dogs really understand human speech or if they rely on other information to get the meaning. For example, does the word “fetch” form a picture of a stick or ball in the dog’s mind, or does the dog bring back the object based on the owner’s voice or gesture? A new study by scientists at Atlanta’s Emory University seems to indicate that “man’s best friend” does indeed know what the owner is saying.
The researchers began by asking the owners of twelve dogs of various kinds to train their pets to identify two toys of different materials, such as a toy animal and a ball. Once the dogs had mastered the task, they took turns inside a special scanner. The owners then tested their dog’s language skill by first calling out the names of the toys they had been trained to recognize and then saying meaningless words such as “bobbu” and “bodmick” while holding up random objects the dogs hadn’t seen before.
The scans suggested that the parts of the dogs’ brains responsible for processing sounds showed different brain patterns when they heard words they were familiar with, compared with the ones they had never heard before. While that was not enough to prove that the dogs were picturing their toys when they heard the word, it did indicate some sort of recognition. The researchers believe this is an important step in understanding how dogs process language.
Something even more interesting was that the dog’s brains showed a higher level of neural (神經(jīng)的) activity at the sound of unknown words. This is the exact opposite of what happens in human brains, which get more active at the sound of familiar words. The researchers say the dogs may become cheerful at the sound of new words to try to understand them in the hope of delighting their masters. “Dogs want to please their owners, and perhaps also want to receive praise or food，” says Emory neuroscientist Gregory Berns, senior author of the study.
However, though a pet may understand human speech, the scientists recommend using visual signals and smell for training. “When people want to teach their dog a trick, they often use spoken commands because that’s what we humans prefer，” Prichard says. “From the dog’s view, however, a visual command might be more effective, helping the dog learn the trick faster.”
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇說明文。一項新的研究表明，狗的確能理解主人說的話。
4．What’s the purpose of the new study?
A．To convince dog owners to understand their dogs.
B．To advise dog owners to treat their dogs kindly.
C．To prove dogs follow owners’ order by listening.
D．To test out how dogs get information from owners.
D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段尾句“A new study by scientists at Atlanta’s Emory University seems to indicate that ‘man’s best friend’ does indeed know what the owner is saying.”可知，亞特蘭大的埃默里大學(xué)的科學(xué)家進(jìn)行的一項新研究似乎表明， “人類最好的朋友”確實知道主人在說什么，并結(jié)合全文可知，該研究的目的是測試狗是如何理解主人的話的，故D項正確。
5．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 2?
A．Inform the result of the research.
B．State the process of the research.
C．Stress the importance of the research.
D．Introduce the subjects of the research.
B　解析：寫作意圖題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“The researchers began by asking the owners of twelve dogs of various kinds to train their pets to identify two toys of different materials, such as a toy animal and a ball.”并結(jié)合該段內(nèi)容可知，該段主要介紹了進(jìn)行研究的過程，包括讓不同品種的狗識別不同材料的兩個玩具等，據(jù)此可知，該段旨在介紹研究過程，故B項正確。
6．How do human brains and dog brains react to words?
A．Human brains become active in unfamiliar words.
B．Dog brains become delighted at unfamiliar words.
C．Human brains are not sensitive to familiar words.
D．Dog brains show no response to familiar words.
B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段前兩句“Something even more interesting...This is the exact opposite of what happens in human brains, which get more active at the sound of familiar words.”可知，對于不熟悉的單詞，狗的大腦呈現(xiàn)出高水平的神經(jīng)活動，而人類的大腦相反，故B項正確。
7．What do scientists advise the owners to do in dog training?
A．Give dogs oral commands.
B．Teach dogs new tricks.
C．Involve sight and smell.
D．Encourage faster learning.
C　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)尾段第一句“However, though a pet may understand human speech, the scientists recommend using visual signals and smell for training.”可知，盡管狗可能理解人類的語言，但科學(xué)家們建議使用視覺信號和嗅覺來訓(xùn)練它們，故C項正確。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·山西八校聯(lián)考)Heroes come in different shapes and sizes. Some are born to give others a __1__. Then there are the people who __2__ happen to be in the right place at the right time. That was the __3__ for John Underwood.
On a cold evening, a storm __4__ near his home. Underwood was heading over to help his sister when the roads were __5__. He saw some other drivers get stuck, so he got out of his truck to help. “My __6__ is that if I have the ability to do good, then I should do it. There should be no __7__，” he said.
Underwood wasn’t out of his __8__ long before he heard a cry. “Someone was __9__， ‘My parents, my parents！’” Moments later, a 12-year-old boy ran up to Underwood, saying his parents were __10__ and asked for help.
The Hammonds went to get things from the basement when the walls __11__ to bear the weight of rain and fell down, and they couldn’t __12__. Worse still, the water was rising fast. __13__ was of extreme significance, so Underwood took action at once. Any inappropriate action could add more dangers. Luckily, Underwood had __14__ as a contractor(承包商). “Digging a hole in the living room floor, I knew it’s a __15__ way，” he said.
With physical strength, patience, and a lot of __16__， Underwood saved their lives. He said he did what anyone would do, but that’s not necessarily true. It’s __17__ to put yourself in a dangerous way to rescue another. That’s why the American Red Cross __18__ him. Ann Otto, who was in charge of the 23rd Annual Acts of Courage Awards, said the Awards should __19__ heroes like Underwood who have acted __20__ and selflessly in a time of emergency.
【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇記敘文，文中講述了暴風(fēng)雨降臨時約翰·安德伍德營救遭遇險境的哈蒙德夫婦的故事。
1．A.lesson　　　　　　　　 B．direction
C．hope D．hand
D　解析：根據(jù)下文中多次出現(xiàn)的help及文章第一句“Heroes come in different shapes and sizes.”可知，作者認(rèn)為有人天生樂于助人，所以用hand。give sb. a hand “幫助某人”為固定搭配。
2．A.also B．just
C．often D．even
B　解析：有人只是(just)恰好在恰當(dāng)?shù)臅r間出現(xiàn)在恰當(dāng)?shù)牡攸c。
3．A.role B．concern
C．case D．behavior
C　解析：結(jié)合下文安德伍德幫助被困夫婦的事件可知，此處意為約翰·安德伍德就是這樣的例子。case“事例，實例”。
4．A.broke B．disappeared
C．returned D．changed
A　解析：結(jié)合上文內(nèi)容可知，此處指暴風(fēng)雨在他家附近降臨(broke)了。
5．A.cleared B．completed
C．repaired D．flooded
D　解析：安德伍德正在去幫助他的妹妹的路上，這時道路被洪水淹沒了。下文中的“the water was rising fast”是提示。clear“清除，疏通”；complete“完成，結(jié)束”；repair“修理，修補(bǔ)”；flood“為水所淹，被淹沒”。
6．A.duty B．fact
C．belief D．a(chǎn)dvice
C　解析：“如果我有能力去做好事，我就應(yīng)該去做”，這是安德伍德的信念(belief)。
7．A.arrangement B．wonder
C．excuse D．problem
C　解析：安德伍德認(rèn)為做好事不應(yīng)該有任何借口。excuse“借口，理由，辯解”。
8．A.power B．sense
C．house D．vehicle
D　解析：根據(jù)上文中的“He saw some other drivers get stuck, so he got out of his truck to help.”可知，此處vehicle符合語境。
9．A.screaming B．working
C．helping D．talking
A　解析：此處指有人高聲喊(screaming)：“我的父母！我的父母！”
10．A.ignored B．trapped
C．injured D．missed
B　解析：根據(jù)下文的“when the walls...fell down”可知，一個12歲的男孩跑向安德伍德，說他的父母被困住了。trap“困住，使陷于危險中”。
11．A.managed B．failed
C．tried D．struggled
B　解析：哈蒙德夫婦去地下室拿東西，墻壁不能(failed)承受雨水的重量并倒塌了，兩人無法脫身(escape)。
12．A.speak B．reunite
C．escape D．survive
C　解析：參見上題解析。
13．A.Time B．Relief
C．Success D．Action
A　解析：根據(jù)上文中的“the water was rising fast”和“so Underwood took action at once”可知，時間(Time)至關(guān)重要，于是他立即行動起來。
14．A.attitude B．potential
C．confidence D．experience
D　解析：在這種情況下，任何不當(dāng)?shù)牟僮鞫紩黾痈嗟奈ｋU。幸運的是，安德伍德有做一名承包商的經(jīng)驗(experience)。
15．A.difficult B．safe
C．creative D．quick
B　解析：安德伍德認(rèn)為在客廳地板上挖一個洞是一個安全的(safe)方法。此處safe與前面的dangers形成對比。
16．A.bravery B．encouragement
C．a(chǎn)nxiety D．responsibility
A　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“Underwood saved their lives”和“Ann Otto, who was in charge of the 23rd Annual Acts of Courage Awards...Underwood”可知，安德伍德因勇敢的行為獲獎。他憑借體力，耐心和勇氣救了哈蒙德夫婦。bravery“勇敢，勇氣”；encouragement“鼓舞，鼓勵”；anxiety“焦慮，憂慮”；responsibility“責(zé)任，負(fù)責(zé)”。
17．A.impossible B．reasonable
C．hard D．special
C　解析：根據(jù)空前的“He said he did what anyone would do, but that’s not necessarily true.”可知，要把自己置于危險的境地去救別人是很難(hard)做到的。
18．A.invited B．honored
C．interviewed D．helped
B　解析：這是美國紅十字會把獎項授予他的原因。honor“給……榮譽(yù)，表彰”符合語境。
19．A.go to B．come to
C．turn to D．pass to
A　解析：這個獎應(yīng)該頒給(go to)像安德伍德那樣在緊急情況下表現(xiàn)得英勇(courageously)無私的英雄們。
20．A.fortunately B．immediately
C．a(chǎn)ctively D．courageously
D　解析：參見上題解析。