
8.burden [?b??dn] n.重?fù)?dān),負(fù)擔(dān),擔(dān)子 v.使負(fù)重?fù)?dān);使勞累 9.cancel [?k?ns?l] v.取消;注銷;刪去 10.cattle[?k?tl] n.牛(總稱),家畜 11.cause [k??z] n.原因,起因 v.促使,引起,使發(fā)生 12.cautius[?k????s] adj.小心的,謹(jǐn)慎的;慎重的13.celebratin[?seli?brei?n] n.慶祝會(huì);典禮;宗教儀式14.ceremny [?ser?m?ni] n.典禮,儀式,禮節(jié)15.certainly[?s??tnli] adv.當(dāng)然;一定,無疑
二、重點(diǎn)短語 16.be famus as 作為……而聞名 17.be filled with 充滿……,裝滿…… 18.be fnd f 喜歡 19.be gd at 擅長于…… 20.be interested in 對(duì)……感興趣
一、重點(diǎn)單詞1.benefit n.利益,益處,恩惠,好處v.受益,得益;有益于,有利于構(gòu)詞 beneficial adj.有益的;有利的用法 benefit frm/by 獲益于…… fr the benefit f 為……的利益例句 Mst f the students will benefit frm the new teaching methd. 多數(shù)學(xué)生將從這個(gè)新的教學(xué)方法中得益。
操練 根據(jù)句子要求,完成句子?!?1)為了你自己的利益你必須努力學(xué)習(xí)?!u must study hard yur wn.? (2)我認(rèn)為貴公司將從中獲益?! think yur cmpany will it.? (3)我得益于良好的教育?!’ve had the a gd educatin.?
fr the benefit f
benefit frm
2.blame v.責(zé)備,責(zé)怪;譴責(zé) n.責(zé)任;罪責(zé);過失構(gòu)詞 blameless adj.無可責(zé)難的;無過失的;清白的用法 be t blame 某人該受責(zé)備 blame sb.fr (ding) sth. 因(做了)某事而責(zé)備某人例句 The driver was t blame fr the accident. 這次事故怪司機(jī)。操練 根據(jù)句子要求,完成句子?!?1)她把婚姻的失敗歸咎于她的丈夫。 She the failure f their marriage.? (2)不要責(zé)備他,他畢竟是個(gè)新手。 Dn’t him,after all,he is a green hand.?
blamed her husband fr
3.bred adj.(對(duì)人、事)厭倦的,煩悶的構(gòu)詞 bre v.使厭煩bring adj.令人厭煩的;乏味的用法 be/feel bred with/by ding sth.厭煩…… 例句 He left his jb largely because he was bred with it. 他辭職不干主要是因?yàn)樗麉捑肓?。操練 根?jù)句子要求,完成句子。 (1)他的長篇大論使我們膩煩得要死?!is lng speech t death.? (2)每月都做同樣的事情,我感到厭煩?! ding the same things mnth after mnth.? (3)別再說這種無聊的笑話來煩我! Dn’t me with such a kind f jkes!?
get bred by
4.breathe v.呼吸 構(gòu)詞 breath [breθ] n.呼吸,氣息breathless adj.上氣不接下氣的,氣喘吁吁的用法 take a deep breath 做深呼吸 hld ne’s breath 屏住呼吸例句 Let’s g ut fr a breath f fresh air. 我們出去吸口新鮮空氣吧。操練 根據(jù)句子要求,完成句子?!?1)在這些高的地方很難呼吸?!t is difficult at these altitudes.? (2)我因?yàn)樽汾s公共汽車,弄得上氣不接下氣?! was after running fr the bus.?
ut f breath/breathless
5.bring v.拿來,帶來,取來 構(gòu)詞 過去式: brught 過去分詞: brught用法 bring abut=cause造成、引起或?qū)е?某事) bring frward提出(建議、證據(jù)等) bring up=educate;raise (a child)教育,養(yǎng)育(孩子) 例句 I frgt t bring my bk with me. 我忘記要帶書來。操練 根據(jù)句子要求,完成句子?!?1)He brught his plan fr the new building.? (2)His mther died when he was yung,and his grandmther brught him .? (3) What brught the failure f the business??
6.cause n.原因,起因;事業(yè) v.促使,引起,使發(fā)生 用法 all kinds f causes 各種原因 cause f the fire/disease/war 失火、發(fā)病、戰(zhàn)爭的原因 cause f peace 和平事業(yè) nble cause 崇高的事業(yè) public cause 公共事業(yè)例句 Yu have n cause fr cmplaint. 你沒有理由抱怨。操練 根據(jù)句子要求,完成句子?!?1)警方正在調(diào)查爆炸的原因。 Plice are investigating the explsin.? (2)Smking can lung cancer.?
the causes f
7.celebratin n.慶祝會(huì);典禮;宗教儀式構(gòu)詞 celebrate v.慶祝用法 be celebrated fr=be famus fr 因……而著名 例句 He read us a pem that celebrates lve. 他給我們讀了一首歌頌愛情的詩。操練 根據(jù)句子要求,完成句子?!?1)Hangzhu its beautiful scenery.? (2)Peple in the city held a great party t their victry.? (3)The htel had a grand its pening.?
is celebrated fr
celebratin fr
二、重點(diǎn)短語8.be famus as=be knwn as作為……而聞名比較 be famus/knwn fr 因……而出名,以……而聞名、著稱例句 She was mre famus as a writer than as a singer.她作為作家比作為歌手名聲要大。操練 填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~使句子完整?!?1)New Yrk is famus its skyscrapers (摩天大樓).? (2)她要進(jìn)入名牌大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的夢想終于實(shí)現(xiàn)了?!er dream t enter finally came true.? (3)Zhang Yimu is famus a directr.?
the famus university
9.be fnd f喜歡用法 be fnd f=like/lve+n./prn./ding例句 I am nt fnd f dancing.我不喜歡跳舞。操練 填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~使句子完整?!?1)他還是個(gè)孩子時(shí)就喜歡畫畫。 He was when he was a child.? (2)She has many shrtcmings,but we’re all very her.?
fnd f drawing
10.be gd at擅長于……比較 d well in=be gd at 在……擅長 be gd fr 對(duì)……有好處 be gd t sb.對(duì)……好例句 Bth Jane and Charlie are gd at English.簡和查理都擅長英語。操練 填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~使句子完整?!?1)It wuld be gd yu t get a break(休息一下).? (2)My granny has always been gd me.? (3)We shuld be gd learning frm each ther.?
二、名詞的數(shù) 1.名詞復(fù)數(shù)的變化規(guī)則
2.復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化
4.可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的用法區(qū)別
5.單數(shù)形式是復(fù)數(shù)意義,復(fù)數(shù)形式是單數(shù)意義。
6.有些名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式表達(dá)的意思不一樣
三、名詞的格1.所有格的構(gòu)成
2.所有格的兩種形式及其用法
【名詞高考考點(diǎn)分析】下面是近幾年高考題對(duì)名詞的考查。通過這些題,我們來分析一下名詞的用法和考點(diǎn)主要分布情況。1.(2015年全國卷Ⅰ)I’d skipped nearby Guilin,a dream place fr turists seeking the limestne muntain tps and dark waters f the Li River 64 are pictured by artists in s many Chinese 65 (painting).?
【分析】 65.paintings。本題考查了名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。由前面的修飾詞many Chinese可知需要復(fù)數(shù)。
2.(2016年全國卷Ⅰ)The nursery team switches him every few 69 (day) with his sister s that while ne is being bttle-fed, 70 ther is with mum—she never suspects.?
【分析】 69.days。本題考查了名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。由前面的修飾詞few可知需要名詞復(fù)數(shù)。
3.(2017年全國卷Ⅰ)This trend,which was started by the medical cmmunity(醫(yī)學(xué)界) 61 a methd f fighting heart disease,has had sme unintended side 62 (effect) such as verweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical cmmunity was trying t fight.?
【分析】 62.effects??疾槊~單復(fù)數(shù)。分析語境可知作者表達(dá)的意思是“一些不為人知的副作用”,根據(jù)前文的sme可知“副作用side effect”有很多,故填effects。
4.(2017年全國卷Ⅱ)It ran fr just under seven kilmeters and allwed peple t avid terrible 61 (crwd) n the rads abve as they travelled t and 62 wrld.?
【分析】 61.crwds??济~單復(fù)數(shù)。后面的rads告訴我們是各條路都擁擠。故用復(fù)數(shù)。
5.(2018年全國卷Ⅰ)A day f running reduced the risk f heart disease and early deaths frm all 67 (cause).?
【分析】 67.causes??疾槊~單復(fù)數(shù)。前面的all告訴我們這里的名詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
6.(2020年全國卷Ⅰ)The far side f the mn is f particular 64 (interesting) t scientists because it has a lt f deep craters(環(huán)形山),mre s than the familiar near side.?
【分析】 interest??济~。句意:月球背面讓科學(xué)家尤其感興趣。根據(jù)空前的形容詞particular可知,空處應(yīng)填名詞,be f interest t sb.意為“(某物)使某人感興趣”。
7.(2021年全國卷Ⅰ)The rlling sea f cluds yu see nce yu are at the tp will remind yu hw tiny we 57 (human) are.?
【分析】 57.humans。human在句子中做we的同位語,故用復(fù)數(shù)。句意:一旦你登上山頂,你看到的翻滾的云海會(huì)提醒你我們?nèi)祟惗嗝疵煨 ?br/>8.(2022年全國卷Ⅰ)The GPNP’s main gal is t imprve cnnectivity between separate 62 (ppulatin) and hmes f giant pandas,and eventually achieve a desired level f ppulatin in the wild.
【分析】 62.ppulatins??疾槊~。設(shè)空處和and后的hme (復(fù)數(shù)名詞)在句中并列作賓語,故ppulatin 也要復(fù)數(shù)形式。句意:GPNP的主要目標(biāo)是改善不同種群和大熊貓家園之間的聯(lián)系,最終實(shí)現(xiàn)理想的野生大熊貓數(shù)量水平。
從近幾年的全國卷來看,語法填空題和改錯(cuò)題中有名詞的考點(diǎn)。一是考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù),二是考查主謂一致。
【同步練習(xí)】 單項(xiàng)選擇( )1.There are many in ur schl.?A.wman teachers B.wman teacherC.wmen teacherD.wmen teachers
【答案】 D【解析】 many修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式;另man與wman修飾名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)也用復(fù)數(shù)。
( )2.It was ht weather that many f us went swimming.? A.s a B.such aC.sD.such
【答案】 D【解析】 such+n./n.詞組;s+adv./adj.;weather又是不可數(shù)名詞。
( )3.The wman in red ver there is mther.? A.Jenny and Terry B.Jenny and Terry’s C.Jenny’s and Terry D.Jenny’s and Terry’s
【答案】 B【解析】 名詞所有格表示兩人“共有”,只需后一個(gè)用“’s”。
( )4.This present was frm .? A.my father friendB.my father friend’s C.a friend f my father’s D.a friend f my father
【答案】 C【解析】 名詞的雙重所有格。
( )5.They made their by printing f famus writers.? A.mney;wrksB.mneys;wrks C.mneys;wrk D.mney;wrk
【答案】 A【解析】 mney不可數(shù)名詞,wrks作品,wrk工作。
( )6.I need clth,fr I’m ging t make clthes.? A.a lt f;manyB.much;much C.many;many D.many;a lt f
【答案】 A【解析】 clth不可數(shù)名詞,只可用much或a lt f修飾;clthes可數(shù)名詞,可用many或a lt f 修飾。
( )7.All the have three each.? A.her;phtB.hers;phtsC.heres;phtsD.heres;pht
【答案】 C【解析】 從句中have three可知,兩個(gè)名詞都該用復(fù)數(shù):以結(jié)尾的名詞多加-es,(巧記:英雄喜歡吃土豆和西紅柿。) 而pht,radi加-s。
( )8.A grup f are eating and at the ft f the hill.? A.sheep;grass;leaves B.sheeps;grasses;leaves C.sheep;grass;leaf D.sheeps;grass;leafs
【答案】 A【解析】 sheep單復(fù)數(shù)相同;grass青草,不可數(shù)名詞;leaf復(fù)數(shù)leaves。
( )9.My family raise a lt f ,including tw .? A.cattles;cws B.cw;cattleC.cattle;cwsD.cw;cattles
【答案】 C【解析】 cattle是牛的總稱,不可數(shù)名詞;cw母牛,奶牛,可數(shù)名詞。
( )10.All the are made f ,nt plastics.? A.glass;glass B.glasses;glassC.glass;glasses D.glasses;glasses
【答案】 B【解析】 glass玻璃杯,可數(shù)名詞;玻璃,不可數(shù)名詞。該句:所有的玻璃杯都是由玻璃而不是塑料制成的。
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