特訓(xùn)09 閱讀表達(dá)（名校模擬10篇）- 高考英語二輪熱點題型歸納與變式演練（北京專用）-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

學(xué)校：__________姓名：__________班級：__________考號：__________
（2024上·北京東城·高三統(tǒng)考期末）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。
Smartphnes have becme a big part f peple’s lives. When we temprarily can’t find them, it causes a feeling f anxiety r panic. Sme psychlgists have called it “nmphbia”. Thankfully, I rde thrugh the withdrawal f my smartphne and it was shrt-lived.
When I gt my first smartphne ver a decade ag, I lved it. It gave me instant access t my music, a wrld f infrmatin and thusands f phts and vides. But ver time, I became increasingly ambivalent abut its rle in my life. I wuld repeatedly refresh my email, shp nline fr stuff I didn’t need and cnstantly scrll thrugh the latest news. I’d ften cmplain t my husband and t my seven-year-ld sn, Luis, that I felt trapped by it.
Then, ne day last summer, while I was playing with Luis, I was nce again distracted by dings and pings. He finally reminded me f my cmplaints, but rephrased them as a plea: “Mmmy, just give it up already!”
I decided t try. Instead f ging cld turkey — n cellphne at all — I bught a flip phne. With n tuch screen, texting is time-cnsuming. Once, while trying t catch up n texts with a friend, I finally gt frustrated and called her. I realized I hadn’t spken t her since her big mve. It made a difference t hear bth the excitement in her vice as she described seeing the nrthern lights and her sadness in being away frm a sick parent.
Nwadays, peple may prefer text-based cmmunicatin ver using the phne because they fear that the call will be awkward. But, just as I learned, when we were frced t cnnect vice t vice, we wuld find urselves mre bnded t that persn.
Wuyu Sui, an expert researching digital health, describes nmphbia as a reliance that’s been placed upn us. “Whenever smething is designed t make a chice easier, it’s called a behaviural nudge,” he explains, adding that the mre central t ur lives the smartphne’s functins are, the mre prisned we becme.
Ultimately, thugh, that sense f dependence is false. As I’ve fund, yu can d all the things yu need t d in ther ways. It’s nt always cnvenient, but I knw I’m much calmer n a regular basis withut my smartphne.
1．What des “nmphbia” refer t?
2．Why did the authr decide t give up her smartphne?
3．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
?Accrding t the authr, we will find it awkward t talk with a friend n the phne.
4．Apart frm the ways mentined in the passage, what can yu d t avid “nmphbia”? (In abut 40 wrds)
（2024上·北京順義·高三統(tǒng)考期末）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。
There’s a difference between being nice and being kind. Being nice invlves being plite and pleasing t thers. If yu’re peple pleasing, yu’re placing an expectatin n the persn yu’re being nice t that they respnd t yu in a certain way. Being kind is less self-serving. On the ne hand, kindness invlves being generus withut expecting anything in return. The ther half is the purpse behind the actin. A kind persn is acting ut f sympathy and genuine cncern fr anther.
The difference is intentinality, said Dr. Catherine Franssen, an assciate prfessr f psychlgy at Lngwd University in Virginia, nting that a kind persn tries t really understand what smene else is ging thrugh.
Practicing kindness rather than niceness allws peple t develp deeper genuine cnnectins with thers, said Franssen. The mre yu d it, the easier it will get t relate t thers and build mre meaningful relatinships in all aspects f life.
The warm feeling yu get frm perfrming an act f kindness is yur brain releasing a tn f feel-gd chemicals. Franssen said being kind bsts prductin f sertnin, a neurtransmitter (神經(jīng)傳遞素) invlved in md, including happiness. Kindness als releases dpamine, a brain chemical in charge f reward and pleasure. It’s the reasn why ding ne act f kindness feels s gd that yu want t d anther.
Being kind gives the same health benefits, regardless f hw big r small the gesture. Acts f kindness might feel strange and ut-f-character at first. Hwever, this feeling ges away the mre yu keep practicing. Sn enugh, it becmes s familiar yu’ll ntice the benefits n yurself and thers.
5．What des being kind invlve?
6．Why d yu get warm feeling when shwing kindness?
7．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
> The mre yu practice niceness, the easier yu will cnnect with thers and establish mre meaningful relatinships in all aspects f life.
8．In yur daily life, what can yu d t shw kindness? (In abut 40 wrds)
（2024上·北京石景山·高三統(tǒng)考期末）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。
When I was in my secnd year in senir high schl, I fund a 16-dllar-an-hur part-time jb at Lakewd Pizza. Like many teens, I lnged t earn incme as well as add experience fr the time t enter the wrkfrce. Just ne week after I wrked there, David Rss, the manager called me int his ffice. As the saying ges, “l(fā)ife isn’t always a bed f rses”. My first jb ended in failure. His reasn was that I shwed up late twice and tk mre breaks than thers.
“Oh, I’m a lser.” I thught t myself. I believed that thught was shared by my brthers, neither f whm had ever been fired, and my mther, thugh she wuld never express it in thse terms.
“I am t sad t d anything.” I cmplained t my father.
After listening t my wrds, he laughed. “It’s nt funny; I’m a lser.” I said. “N, yu’re nt. This is a part f grwing up. Yu will be all right, my sn,” he said, patting my shulder. “Trust me. Yu are gd enugh.” I lked int my father’s eyes and I culd see he really trusted me. And I believed him.
Since then, “Trust me. Yu are gd enugh.” are the nly wrds I have repeated t myself. I have wrked hard t be a better persn and cherished (珍惜) every mment I have gt. Finally, I succeeded in entering a gd university. After graduatin I fund my dream jb.
9．Hw much did the authr earn at his part-time jb?
10．Why did the authr lse his first jb?
11．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
? After knwing the authr’s failure, his father cmplained and laughed at him.
12．What can yu learn frm the authr’s stry? (In abut 40 wrds)
（2024上·北京西城·高三統(tǒng)考期末）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。
If yu’ve recently taken a flight frm a majr UK airprt, then yu may have nticed that mre peple are prtesting air travel expansin and encuraging peple t fly less. This is part f a larger envirnmental mvement sweeping acrss Eurpe. Knwn as Flygskam r “flight-shaming”, the mvement is encuraging peple t stp taking flights as a means f transprt and use mre envirnmentally friendly transprtatin where they can.
The aviatin (航空) currently accunts fr abut 2% f glbal emissins (排放) and is ne f the fastest-grwing plluters. Even wrse, unlike mst ther surces f pllutin, air travel results in pllutants released high up in the atmsphere.
Earlier this year, the UK gvernment prmised t reduce the UK’s emissins t “net zer” by 2050. Hwever, accrding t prjectins frm sme researchers, emissins frm the aviatin culd mre than duble by then even if planes becme substantially mre fuel-efficient. S, it’s unclear whether flying will be included in the UK’s target.
It’s hard t say exactly hw big the mvement is becming, but Flygskam has becme ppular in scial media. The number f Swedes taking the train fr dmestic jurneys has risen by 8% this year as plane jurneys inside the cuntry have fallen. Clearly, Flygskam is having a measurable impact n peple’s transprt chices. Sme peple, hwever, have been critical f the mvement because they say that it places blame r feelings f embarrassment nt the passengers when it is really the airlines and industries assciated with it wh shuld feel guilty fr the impact that they are having n the planet.
13．What is Flygskam?
14．Hw des flying influence the envirnment?
15．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Flygskam has attracted scial attentin and sme peple have already participated in this campaign, s it is widely accepted.
16．Besides what is mentined in the passage, what d yu think f the mvement f Flygskam? (In abut 40 wrds)
（2024上·北京昌平·高三統(tǒng)考期末）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。
When advising children and adlescents wh are learning t regulate their emtins, experts explain that hw they think affects hw they feel. After children learn t use sme basic techniques t regulate their emtins, a greater sense f internal cntrl arises. Thereafter, peple start t ntice the pwer they can feel in their minds by changing their thught patterns.
“I believe that changing ur thinking patterns helps engage different parts f the brain,” said Ran D．Anbar, the authr f Changing Children’s Lives with Hypnsis: A Jurney t the Center, “Fr instance, we may find urselves habitually thinking in a particular way that predictably makes us feel prly, fr example angry, anxius, r sad. Peple can becme angry when they feel that they have been treated prly r have nt gtten their way. The anger ccurs because the persn fcuses n the perceived (察覺到的) injustice. When we shift ur thinking, we can mre easily create new, healthier thught patterns.”
Fr instance, 14-year-ld “Sarah” became angry with her parents fr restricting her use f scial media. While discussing why her parents did s, Sarah recgnized that they were attempting t prtect her frm sme f the ill effects f verusing scial media. Sarah let g f her anger. She switched frm thinking abut her frustratin with her parents’ restrictins and instead fcused her thughts n hw t slve the dilemma (困境) regarding her veruse f scial media. She was able t recgnize that her parents were her valuable friends rather than her ppnents.
Frequently, peple explain t themselves and thers that their pr md is related t unfrtunate circumstances. While hlding such a belief, peple smetimes take cmfrt in the idea that since they cannt change their circumstances, there shuld be n expectatin that they take charge f imprving their feelings.
Hwever, as demnstrated in this pst, ur emtinal respnse t unfrtunate circumstances can be brught under ur cntrl and imprved thrugh a change in ur thinking patterns. Smetimes, that change can even help us figure ut new ways t act that als will imprve ur situatin.
17．What happens after children regulate their emtin?
18．Why des the authr mentin the example f Sarah in the 3rd paragraph?
19．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Peple always believe their pr md is due t unfrtunate circumstances, s they will try t change their situatin in rder t have a gd md.
20．Besides changing thinking patterns, d yu have ther way(s) t cntrl yur emtins? (In abut 40 wrds)
（2024上·北京房山·高三統(tǒng)考期末）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。
When trying t memrize new material, it’s easy t assume that the mre wrk yu put in, the better yu will perfrm. Yet taking the ccasinal rest time—t d nthing at all—may be exactly what yu need. Just dim (調(diào)暗) the lights, sit back, and enjy 10-15 minutes f quiet thinking, and yu’ll find that yur memry f the facts yu have just learnt is far better than if yu had attempted t use that mment mre prductively.
The remarkable memry-bsting benefits f undisturbed rest were first dcumented in1900 by the German psychlgist Gerg Elias Muller and his student Alfns Pilzecker. In ne f their many experiments n memry cnslidatin, Muller and Pilzecker first asked their participants t learn a list f meaningless syllables. Fllwing a shrt study perid half the grup were immediately given a secnd list t learn—while the rest were given a six-minute break befre cntinuing.
When tested ne-and-a-half hurs later, the tw grups shwed strikingly different patterns f recall. The participants given the break remembered nearly 50% f their list, cmpared t an average f 28%fr the grup wh had been given n time t recharge their mental batteries. The finding suggested that ur memry fr new infrmatin is especially weak just after it has first been memrised, making it mre sensitive t interference frm new infrmatin.
Taking regular perids f rest, withut distractin, culd help us all hld nt new material a little mre firmly. After all, fr many students, the 10-30% imprvements recrded in sme studies culd mark the difference between A grade r B．“I can imagine yu culd include these 10-15-minute breaks within a revisin perid,” says Aidan Hrner at the University f Yrk, “and that might be a useful way f making small imprvements t yur ability t remember later n.”
In the age f infrmatin verlad, it’s wrth remembering that ur smartphnes aren’t the nly thing that needs a regular recharge, ur minds clearly d t.
21．Accrding t the first paragraph, what is a gd way t bst memry while memrizing new material?
22．What did Gerg and Alfns’ finding suggest?
23．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
?T enhance the memry ability, Aidan Hrner encurages students t have breaks while taking exams.
24．Besides bsting yur memry, what else can yu d t imprve yur academic (學(xué)業(yè)的) perfrmance? (In abut 40 wrds)
（2024上·北京豐臺·高三統(tǒng)考期末）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。
The idim “N ‘I’ in Team” is based n a pun (雙關(guān)語)-The wrd “team” des nt cntain the letter “i”, which highlights the idea that instead f fcusing n themselves as individuals, team members shuld wrk tgether t achieve their cmmn gals.
When it cmes t achieving success, there’s n denying that teamwrk plays a crucial rle. We’ve all been there-grup prjects at schl, wrking with clleagues at the ffice r playing sprts with teammates. A successful team agrees and sets gals based n utcmes and results t cmplete its tasks. It’s imprtant that each member knws the directin the team is wrking tward, their respnsibilities, and hw they aim t achieve the team’s cllective gals. It’s essential that grup members within the team share wrklads and help each ther t succeed.
Mstly, in typical wrkplace culture, being fcus n individual pursuits is cnsidered plain selfish, but is supprting individuals in their wn pursuits really anti-team? Evidence suggests that putting the “I” back int team can imprve wrkplace prductivity and emplyee engagement. In the 1990s the Harvard Business Schl did research, demnstrating the benefits f giving emplyees paid time t fllw their wn individual pursuits. Since then, sme ntable cmpanies have intrduced unstructured time int their wrkplaces.
Glbally, 85% f emplyees are disengaged in their wrk. In Daniel Pink’s bk Drive, he argues that the best way t mtivate emplyees is nt thrugh the carrt and stick apprach but rather thrugh allwing and enabling them t direct their wn lives. When teams understand what matters t the individuals within them, they are able t better empathize with each ther and have each thers’ backs.
There is an “I” in team and when we start t implement prgrams that supprt individuals in their pursuits, we may just find they are mre creative, mre engaged and mre prductive.
25．What idea des the idim “N ‘I’ in Team” highlight?
26．Why is it imprtant t put “I” back int team?
27．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Accrding t Danile Pink, the effective way t mtivate the 85% emplyees is t set the gal the cmpany wuld like their emplyees t achieve.
28．As an individual, hw can yu play yur rle in a team?
（2024上·北京大興·高三統(tǒng)考期末）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。
Millins f peple ver the age f 65 have been diagnsed with depressin, and many mre culd be suffering. There are varied factrs. Older peple are much mre likely t be alne, scially islated r feel a general lack f purpse. Smetimes lder peple have a much mre difficult time admitting mental health issues.
Early memry lss ften causes depressin, which can in turn make memry lss wrse. A patient with early memry lss and depressin really needs t be treated fr the depressin t slw the memry lss. A md change als can be a sign f depressin. If a previusly calm persn becmes increasingly bad-tempered, r a previusly clean persn n lnger bthers t shwer, that persn shuld be judged again.
Older adults see depressin as a weakness and tend t be annyed by a diagnsis f depressin. Therefre, dn’t tell peple f an lder generatin that yu think they may be depressed. Tell them yu’re wrried abut their health. Tell them they seem t be ut f srts, r seem tired, r unhappy. Say yu just want t check with the dctr t see what’s ging n. Once yu’ve used physical symptms t get that persn t agree t a check-up, mentin yur fears t the dctr and allw the dctr t apprach the subject f depressin with the patient.
If a parent r an lder lved ne has been diagnsed with depressin, the first thing peple shuld d is be aware that diagnsis is nt easily treated. The initial treatment may nt be effective. Therefre, patients and family members shuld be prepared t try different ways f dealing with the depressin. It’s als imprtant t encurage patients t stick with treatment — even if they start t feel better.
29．What factrs might lead t lder peple’s depressin besides early memry lss?
30．Why d patients with early memry lss and depressin really need t be treated?
31．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Peple diagnsed with depressin can reduce their treatment nce they start t feel better.
32．What will yu d if yu ntice that ne belved elderly uncle f yurs is bviusly depressed? Why?
（2024上·北京朝陽·高三統(tǒng)考期末）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。
Jkes and humr are ften cnsidered unimprtant. This is understandable: they are, by definitin, nt serius. Yet jkes and humr are beneficial fr health thrugh their stress-relieving prperties. Fr example, they can stimulate bld circulatin and aid muscle relaxatin, bth f which can help reduce stress.
But why d we respnd, in pwerful and rewarding ways, t things that are bjectively meaningless? Scientists have spent years studying hw humr wrks in the brain and n the varius types f jkes that prduce it.
Puns, the mst familiar type f jkes, are where specific elements f language cnvey different meanings at nce. Fr example, “Why did the glfer wear tw pairs f trusers? In case he gt a hle in ne.” “Here” hle in ne has tw pssible interpretatins: ne pair is damaged r smene’s ball ges int the hle the first time he hit it. We may nt actually laugh at them, but their simplicity and familiarity make mst peple recgnize the humr in puns. Therefre, the brain’s humr prcesses are still engaged.
Hw des humr arise frm the brain? Our brains have develped a system t recgnize when things dn’t match expectatins. If nrmality is verturned, it means we dn’t knw what’s ging t happen, which creates tensin. Hwever, the system that recgnizes incngruity (不一致) als reslves it, by prviding an explanatin, r at least a cnfirmatin that the incngruity has n negative cnsequences. This remves the uncertainty, easing the tensin. After that, we learn smething new and expand ur mental mdel, experiencing a rewarding feeling.
Basically, thanks t these cmplex systems in ur brains, humr cmes frm smething being surprising, unexpected r wrng in sme way, as lng as the incngruity is reslved withut negative cnsequences. If the incngruity is nt reslved, humr is absent. If the answer t “Why did the glfer wear tw pairs f trusers?” is “in case the metal eagle that lives in his gld bag attacks him”, that’s nt funny. This wuld explain why unreal humr is ften hard t get right.
33．What is the benefit f jkes and humr?
34．Why can peple recgnize the humr in puns?
35．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
>Peple can wrk ut humr frm smething being surprising, unexpected r wrng in sme way, as lng as the incngruity remains unslved.
36．Apart frm the benefit mentined in the passage, what ther benefit(s)can yu get frm humr? (In abut 40 wrds)
（2024上·北京·高三統(tǒng)考期末）閱讀下面短文, 根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。
Egcentrism is the inability t accurately understand any perspective ther than ne’s wn. T thse wh are egcentric, there are tw types f pinins: “mine and the wrng nes”.
Egcentrism is very unpleasant. Suffering frm it, peple ften find themselves in a situatin f cnflict r lneliness because they d nt recgnize the rights f thers t their persnal feelings, desires, and interests. They als fail t lk at circumstances frm the ther persn’s side.
Humanity must vercme it t see a hlistic (全面的) picture f the wrld and bjectively assess situatins. It is essential t be a fair-minded individual since egcentrism is a quality that is nt easy t live with, making it hard fr us t interact with peple and mve frward.
Actually, vercming this disturbing quality has always been my pursuit. The main gal in my life is based n the search fr inner balance, harmny, psitivity, and the right attitude t life cases. Thus, I will be able t imprve my life and help ther peple in the practice f this aspect. Mrever, I ften remind myself t accept differences and remember that a crrect attitude t different persnalities, their preferences, and interests leads t success in any tasks.
The frmatin and develpment f a fair mind can be practiced almst everywhere. Fr example, in a grcery stre, we need t put urselves in the place f the seller’s and shuld nt immediately take ffense and argue when we are given an unripe banana r burnt bread. It is imprtant t remember that a seller is nt bliged t play alng at all; this is the same persn with his unique nature.
Nt everyne agrees with everyne else, but if yu abslutely refuse t cnsider anther persn’s perspective, that’s when egcentrism becmes a serius cncern. S why nt try t crrect this behavir and be mre fair-minded?
37．What is egcentrism?
38．Why des egcentrism ften lead t cnflicts?
39．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Egcentrism becmes a prblem when smene desn’t agree with thers.
40．Please share ne f yur wn experiences abut yur practicing being fair-minded. (In abut 40 wrds)

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