學(xué)校：__________姓名：__________班級(jí)：__________考號(hào)：__________
（2024上·北京東城·高三統(tǒng)考期末）The Science f Cmfrt Fd
Certain fds always give us much pleasure. 1 Hwever, much f the happiness we get frm ur favrite fds cmes frm the memries they bring t us and the peple we’re with while we enjy them.
2 That’s why ur brains reward us fr eating anything at all by releasing a chemical that enhances md. But as anyne wh’s ever eaten apple pie knws, sweets can make us feel especially nice. One study fund that peple wh are especially sensitive t sweetness have strnger brain-reward respnses t sugary fds than less sweet-sensitive peple d.
Sme fds are especially emtinally satisfying fr reasns that have little t d with their taste r nutritinal cntent, thugh. 3 And many favrite American cmfrt fds—chili, say—are nt particularly sweet r high in carbhydrates (碳水化合物). Often we lve fd because we have fnd memries assciated with it. One dish I cannt live withut at a New Year party is my mm’s Snwy Mashed Ptates, which remind me f hliday jy and past reunins with extended family.
4 Smetimes yu might feel sad when yu eat fds that remind yu f lved nes yu miss. We may als avid fds that we assciate with bad experiences. I haven’t eaten cttage cheese since I was 8 years ld, because it was the last thing I ate befre rlling ff the bed with a terrible stmachache.
In additin t past memries, the cntext in which we eat fds matters, t. 5 And ur gustatry (味覺的) experiences can be heightened by “a sense f cmmunity, a sense f warmth and enjying it tgether”. I appreciate my mum’s ptates even mre tday when I eat them with my husband and tw children.
A. Fd is essential fr ur survival.
B. These assciatins can g the ther way, t.
C. We desire cmfrt fds when we feel lnely.
D. It shapes hw much we enjy them in the mment.
E. Their taste and nutritinal cntent affect hw we feel.
F. Our memry fr smell can be lng-lasting and precise.
G. After all, different cultures have different cmfrt fds.
1. E 2. A 3. G 4. B 5. D
【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。文章主要介紹舒適食物的科學(xué)。
1. 根據(jù)上文“Certain fds always give us much pleasure. (某些食物總是給我們帶來很多快樂。)”可知，這里提到某些食物給我們帶來了快樂，接下來可以解釋它的原因。選項(xiàng)E“它們的味道和營養(yǎng)成分會(huì)影響我們的感受?！焙蜕衔囊馑家恢隆９蔬xE。
2. 根據(jù)下文“That’s why ur brains reward us fr eating anything at all by releasing a chemical that enhances md. But as anyne wh’s ever eaten apple pie knws, sweets can make us feel especially nice. One study fund that peple wh are especially sensitive t sweetness have strnger brain-reward respnses t sugary fds than less sweet-sensitive peple d. (這就是為什么我們的大腦會(huì)通過釋放一種增強(qiáng)情緒的化學(xué)物質(zhì)來獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)我們吃任何東西。但任何吃過蘋果派的人都知道，甜食會(huì)讓我們感覺特別好。一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，與對(duì)甜味不太敏感的人相比，對(duì)甜味特別敏感的人對(duì)含糖食物的大腦獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)反應(yīng)更強(qiáng)。)”可知，這一段介紹吃東西對(duì)我們的好處。選項(xiàng)A“食物對(duì)我們的生存至關(guān)重要?！焙拖挛囊馑家恢?。故選A。
3. 根據(jù)上文“Sme fds are especially emtinally satisfying fr reasns that have little t d with their taste r nutritinal cntent, thugh. (然而，有些食物在情感上特別令人滿意，原因與它們的味道或營養(yǎng)成分無關(guān)。)”可知，這里說明人們對(duì)不同的食物有不同的反應(yīng)。選項(xiàng)G“畢竟，不同的文化有不同的安慰食品?！焙蜕衔囊馑家恢?。故選G。
4. 根據(jù)下文“Smetimes yu might feel sad when yu eat fds that remind yu f lved nes yu miss. We may als avid fds that we assciate with bad experiences. I haven’t eaten cttage cheese since I was 8 years ld, because it was the last thing I ate befre rlling ff the bed with a terrible stmachache. (有時(shí)，當(dāng)你吃的食物讓你想起你想念的親人時(shí)，你可能會(huì)感到難過。我們也可能會(huì)避免吃那些與糟糕經(jīng)歷有關(guān)的食物。我從8歲起就沒有吃過農(nóng)家奶酪，因?yàn)檫@是我胃疼得從床上滾下來之前最后吃的東西。)”可知，這一段介紹的是有的食物會(huì)讓人想到糟糕的經(jīng)歷，和上一段正好相反。選項(xiàng)B“這些關(guān)聯(lián)也可以反過來?！焙拖挛囊馑家恢?。故選B。
5. 根據(jù)上文“In additin t past memries, the cntext in which we eat fds matters, t. (除了過去的記憶，我們吃食物的環(huán)境也很重要。)”可知，這里提到我們吃食物的環(huán)境也很重要，接下來要解釋重要的原因。選項(xiàng)D“它決定了我們此刻有多喜歡它們。”和上文意思一致。故選D。
（2024上·北京順義·高三統(tǒng)考期末）Flw is a cgnitive (認(rèn)知的) state where ne is cmpletely immersed (沉浸) in an activity — frm painting and writing t yga and surfbarding. 6
The prcess f flw was discvered and cined by the Hungarian-American psychlgist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. In the 1960s, Csikszentmihalyi studied the creative prcess and fund that, when an artist was in the curse f flw, they wuld insist n their task strictly, regardless f hunger r exhaustin. 7
One f Csikszentmihalyi’s key pints abut flw is that a persn needs t push neself ut f their cmfrt zne t stimulate it. Because it’s a dynamic state, ne has t cnstantly adjust the skill level, challenge, and cmplexity required fr the activity. 8 If yur skill level ges beynd the activity, bredm will set in, which will break the state f flw.
9 One can access flw by thinking f activities like sprts, dancing and painting. We can als have a flw state experience with many f ur day-t-day tasks and encunters. Watching TV and vide gaming, hwever, are nt n that list.
Flw can als be a tl fr better emtin regulatin (調(diào)節(jié)). When a persn is in a state f flw, there is little need fr dubts r anxieties abut neself r the wrld in general. 10 Thrugh the prcess f flw, a persn chses t fcus n a task and gain a sense f autnmy ver time, bdy, and mind.
Hwever, pushing yurself t find the flw state can backfire. In fact, trying t hard r wndering whether yu are in this state in itself ges against flw. We lse the balance between tensin and skill level if we cncentrate t much n the task.
A. Even the uncertainties f life fall away.
B. Peple may nt realize it but anyne can find flw.
C. Ask yurself if a certain task will fulfill a gal f yurs.
D. Flw can smetimes be viewed as a frerunner fr peak perfrmance.
E. He als fund that the artist wuld highlight the prcess and nt the end result.
F. As yu practice a skill, yur level f mastery will change as will the feeling f flw.
G. It invlves intense fcus, creative engagement and the lss f awareness f time and self.
6. G 7. E 8. F 9. B 10. A
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了關(guān)于Flw狀態(tài)的定義、發(fā)現(xiàn)者、達(dá)到這種狀態(tài)的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)、可以幫助達(dá)到這種狀態(tài)的活動(dòng)以及它在情感調(diào)節(jié)方面的應(yīng)用。
6. 根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容“Flw is a cgnitive (認(rèn)知的) state where ne is cmpletely immersed (沉浸) in an activity—frm painting and writing t yga and surfbarding.(心流是一種認(rèn)知狀態(tài)，一個(gè)人完全沉浸在一種活動(dòng)中——從繪畫、寫作到瑜伽和沖浪)”可知，上文主要介紹了心流的概念。選項(xiàng)G“It invlves intense fcus, creative engagement and the lss f awareness f time and self.(它包括高度集中注意力、創(chuàng)造性投入以及時(shí)間和自我意識(shí)的喪失)”是上文內(nèi)容的自然延續(xù)，繼續(xù)介紹了心流的相關(guān)內(nèi)容。故選G。
7. 根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容“In the 1960s, Csikszentmihalyi studied the creative prcess and fund that, when an artist was in the curse f flw, they wuld insist n their task strictly, regardless f hunger r exhaustin.(20世紀(jì)60年代，Csikszentmihalyi對(duì)創(chuàng)作過程進(jìn)行了研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)藝術(shù)家處于心流狀態(tài)時(shí)，他們會(huì)嚴(yán)格地堅(jiān)持自己的任務(wù)，無論饑餓還是疲憊)”可知，上文主要介紹了Csikszentmihalyi的發(fā)現(xiàn)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)了藝術(shù)家處于心流狀態(tài)時(shí)會(huì)嚴(yán)格堅(jiān)持自己的任務(wù)。選項(xiàng)E“He als fund that the artist wuld highlight the prcess and nt the end result.(他還發(fā)現(xiàn)藝術(shù)家會(huì)強(qiáng)調(diào)過程而不是最終結(jié)果)”中的“als”延續(xù)上文內(nèi)容，指的是Csikszentmihalyi還發(fā)現(xiàn)藝術(shù)家會(huì)強(qiáng)調(diào)過程，與上文內(nèi)容一致。故選E。
8. 根據(jù)上文“One f Csikszentmihalyi’s key pints abut flw is that a persn needs t push neself ut f their cmfrt zne t stimulate it. Because it’s a dynamic state, ne has t cnstantly adjust the skill level, challenge, and cmplexity required fr the activity.(Csikszentmihalyi關(guān)于心流的關(guān)鍵觀點(diǎn)之一是，一個(gè)人需要把自己從舒適區(qū)推出來刺激它。因?yàn)檫@是一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)狀態(tài)，一個(gè)人必須不斷調(diào)整技能水平、挑戰(zhàn)和活動(dòng)所需的復(fù)雜性)”可知，心流是一種動(dòng)態(tài)的狀態(tài)。選項(xiàng)F“As yu practice a skill, yur level f mastery will change as will the feeling f flw.(當(dāng)你練習(xí)一項(xiàng)技能時(shí)，你的熟練程度會(huì)隨著心流的感覺而改變)”與上文內(nèi)容一致，指的是練習(xí)技能時(shí)，技能的熟練程度會(huì)隨著心流的感覺而變化。故選F。
9. 空處為段首句，為本段主要內(nèi)容。根據(jù)下文“One can access flw by thinking f activities like sprts, dancing and painting. We can als have a flw state experience with many f ur day-t-day tasks and encunters. Watching TV and vide gaming, hwever, are nt n that list.(一個(gè)人可以通過思考運(yùn)動(dòng)、舞蹈和繪畫等活動(dòng)來進(jìn)入心流狀態(tài)。我們也可以在許多日常任務(wù)和遭遇中獲得心流狀態(tài)體驗(yàn)。然而，看電視和玩電子游戲卻不在其中)”可知，我們每個(gè)人都可以通過思考運(yùn)動(dòng)、舞蹈和繪畫等活動(dòng)來進(jìn)入心流狀態(tài)。選項(xiàng)B“Peple may nt realize it but anyne can find flw.(人們可能沒有意識(shí)到，但是任何人都可以找到心流)”與下文內(nèi)容一致，指的是每個(gè)人都可以進(jìn)入心流狀態(tài)。故選B。
10. 根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“Flw can als be a tl fr better emtin regulatin (調(diào)節(jié)) .When a persn is in a state f flw, there is little need fr dubts r anxieties abut neself r the wrld in general.(心流也可以成為更好的情緒調(diào)節(jié)工具。當(dāng)一個(gè)人處于心流狀態(tài)時(shí)，就很少需要對(duì)自己或整個(gè)世界產(chǎn)生懷疑或焦慮)”指的是心流狀態(tài)可以幫助我們調(diào)節(jié)情緒。當(dāng)一個(gè)人處于心流狀態(tài)時(shí)，就不會(huì)對(duì)世界產(chǎn)生懷疑或焦慮。選項(xiàng)A“Even the uncertainties f life fall away.(甚至生活中的不確定性也消失了)”延續(xù)上文內(nèi)容，指的仍然是心流狀態(tài)可以幫助我們調(diào)節(jié)情緒。故選A
（2024上·北京石景山·高三統(tǒng)考期末）Reading is an exercise fr the mind. It is gd fr ur vcabulary and literacy skills, teaching us math r science cncepts and helping us learn histry. 11 Have yu read a stry and felt tears well up because f a character’s suffering? If s, that is because yu have empathy (共情) fr the character. Empathy is a magic eye that sees int ther peple’s hearts and it can be learned thrugh varius fictins.
Research shws that human brains react differently t stries and facts. Many mre areas f yur brain light up when yu’re enjying a stry, and yur brain thinks yu are in the stry. 12
Empathy helps yu t read peple’s emtins and wrk ut the best way t respnd. This skill, called emtinal intelligence (EI), can make it easier t cmmunicate and cnnect with peple. 13 One study fund that peple wh read the Harry Ptter nvels, which tell stries abut humans fighting against the evil, were less likely t behave unfairly twards pwerless grups including refugees (難民).
14 After reading The By at the Back f the Class, a stry abut a by wh is a refugee escaping frm the war, students in St Michael’s High Schl were inspired t d a 10-mile walk fr the nn-prfit rganizatin Refugee Actin. Their empathy als stimulated them t raise ￡1,000 fr peple wh were frced t leave their hmes because f war.
Reading encurages us t empathise with thers, which culd ptentially lead t several beneficial utcmes. Nt nly are we mre likely t engage in helpful behavirs when we feel empathy fr ther peple, but thers are als mre likely t help us when they experience empathy. 15
A. Apart frm thse, reading has anther benefit.
B. In a way, all this increases ur ability t read well.
C. This thery f EI has been put int practice in schls.
D. This permits peple t understand the emtins that thers are feeling.
E. This means yu experience the characters’ thughts as if they were real.
F. Research shws that building this intelligence can lead t greater tlerance.
G. Fr sciety t develp, cmmunicative and empathetic individuals really matter.
11. A 12. E 13. F 14. C 15. G
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了閱讀對(duì)我們的詞匯和讀寫能力有好處，同時(shí)閱讀還可以增強(qiáng)人們的同理心。
11. 根據(jù)上文“Reading is an exercise fr the mind. It is gd fr ur vcabulary and literacy skills, teaching us math r science cncepts and helping us learn histry.(讀書是腦力的鍛煉。它對(duì)我們的詞匯和讀寫能力有好處，教我們數(shù)學(xué)或科學(xué)概念，幫助我們學(xué)習(xí)歷史)”以及后文“Have yu read a stry and felt tears well up because f a character’s suffering? If s, that is because yu have empathy (共情) fr the character. Empathy is a magic eye that sees int ther peple’s hearts and it can be learned thrugh varius fictins.(你是否讀過一個(gè)故事，因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)人物的痛苦而熱淚盈眶？如果是這樣，那是因?yàn)槟銓?duì)這個(gè)角色共情。同理心是一只神奇的眼睛，可以看到別人的內(nèi)心，它可以通過各種小說來學(xué)習(xí))”可知，后文提到了閱讀可以培養(yǎng)共情能力，結(jié)合上文說明了閱讀對(duì)詞匯和讀寫能力有好處可知本句是過渡句，引出后文閱讀的另一個(gè)好處。故A選項(xiàng)“除了這些，閱讀還有另一個(gè)好處”符合語境，故選A。
12. 根據(jù)上文“Research shws that human brains react differently t stries and facts. Many mre areas f yur brain light up when yu’re enjying a stry, and yur brain thinks yu are in the stry.(研究表明，人類大腦對(duì)故事和事實(shí)的反應(yīng)是不同的。當(dāng)你在欣賞一個(gè)故事時(shí)，你的大腦會(huì)有更多的區(qū)域被激活，你的大腦會(huì)認(rèn)為你就在這個(gè)故事中)”可知，上文提到欣賞故事的時(shí)候，大腦會(huì)認(rèn)為你就在這個(gè)故事中，由此可知，本句是對(duì)上文的進(jìn)一步解釋，指出在故事之中可以體會(huì)到的情感和想法。故E選項(xiàng)“這意味著你可以體驗(yàn)到角色的想法，就好像他們是真實(shí)的一樣”符合語境，故選E。
13. 根據(jù)上文“Empathy helps yu t read peple’s emtins and wrk ut the best way t respnd. This skill, called emtinal intelligence (EI), can make it easier t cmmunicate and cnnect with peple.(同理心可以幫助你讀懂別人的情緒，并找出最好的回應(yīng)方式。這種技能被稱為情商（EI），可以讓你更容易與人溝通和聯(lián)系)”以及后文“One study fund that peple wh read the Harry Ptter nvels, which tell stries abut humans fighting against the evil, were less likely t behave unfairly twards pwerless grups including refugees (難民).(一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，讀過《哈利波特》系列小說的人不太可能對(duì)包括難民在內(nèi)的弱勢(shì)群體做出不公平的行為?！豆ㄌ亍分v述了人類與邪惡作斗爭(zhēng)的故事)”可知，上文提到了同理心被稱為情商，有助于和人溝通和聯(lián)系，后文用研究發(fā)現(xiàn)讀過《哈利波特》系列小說的人不太可能對(duì)包括難民在內(nèi)的弱勢(shì)群體做出不公平的行為進(jìn)行了論證，故本句指出同理心對(duì)人的積極影響。故F選項(xiàng)“研究表明，培養(yǎng)這種智力可以帶來更大的容忍度”符合語境，故選F。
14. 根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“After reading The By at the Back f the Class, a stry abut a by wh is a refugee escaping frm the war, students in St Michael’s High Schl were inspired t d a 10-mile walk fr the nn-prfit rganizatin Refugee Actin. Their empathy als stimulated them t raise ￡1,000 fr peple wh were frced t leave their hmes because f war.(在閱讀了《教室后面的男孩》后，圣邁克爾高中的學(xué)生受到啟發(fā)，為非營利組織“難民行動(dòng)”進(jìn)行了10英里的步行活動(dòng)。這本書講述了一個(gè)逃離戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的男孩的故事。他們的同情心也促使他們?yōu)槟切┮驊?zhàn)爭(zhēng)而被迫離開家園的人籌集了1000英鎊)”可知，本段主要說明了圣邁克爾高中的學(xué)生在閱讀了《教室后面的男孩》后，進(jìn)行了10英里的步行活動(dòng)，并且為人們籌集善款，可知同情心理論被付諸了實(shí)踐。故C選項(xiàng)“這種情商理論已經(jīng)在學(xué)校中付諸實(shí)踐”符合語境，故選C。
15. 根據(jù)上文“Reading encurages us t empathise with thers, which culd ptentially lead t several beneficial utcmes. Nt nly are we mre likely t engage in helpful behavirs when we feel empathy fr ther peple, but thers are als mre likely t help us when they experience empathy.(閱讀鼓勵(lì)我們同情他人，這可能會(huì)帶來一些有益的結(jié)果。當(dāng)我們對(duì)他人感同身受時(shí)，我們不僅更有可能做出有益的行為，而且當(dāng)他人感同身受時(shí)，他們也更有可能幫助我們)”可知，上文提到了同理心對(duì)個(gè)人的影響，本句為本段最后一句，故強(qiáng)調(diào)具有同理心的個(gè)人對(duì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的影響。故G選項(xiàng)“為了社會(huì)的發(fā)展，善于溝通和善解人意的個(gè)人真的很重要”符合語境，故選G。
（2024上·北京豐臺(tái)·高三統(tǒng)考期末）The Pwer f ”Like“
Like it r lve it, scial media is a majr part f life. Teens spend mre than half f their waking hurs nline. And mst f what they d is read and respnd t psts by friends and family. Clicking n a thumbs-up r a heart icn is an easy way t stay in tuch. 16
Clicking ”like“ n a pst can increase the number f peple wh see it. If ther peple have liked a pst, new viewers will be mre likely t like it t. Many scial media sites share mre f the higher-ranked psts. 17
Accrding t recent studies, viewing ne’s wn psts with a lt f likes activates the reward system in their brains, especially fr teens. Psitive respnses t teens’ wn phts (in the frm f many likes)tell them that their friends appreciate the material they’re psting. 18 Seeing smene else’s ppular pht, hwever, desn’t necessarily turn it n. Mre likely, it may affect behaviral attitudes.
19 In ne 2011 study, in which teens ding driving task in a lab tk mre risks when their friends were arund, suggests that teens were changing their behavir t try t get scial apprval. Last year, researchers recruited (招募) 32 teens t check whether they make similar changes when using scial media. They fund that ppular phts might signal t them that what’s in thse phts is scially acceptable. 20 That means that what yu like nline has the pwer t influence nt just what thers like, but even what they d.
A like is a scial cue. Teens use it t learn hw t navigate their scial wrld. Clicking”like“ is a simple act that can have cmplex results. All tech users will be thughtful abut scial media.
A. As a result, that ppularity can feed n itself.
B. It’s n surprise that feedback frm peers affects hw teens behave.
C. Jining scial media can give peple a sense f being in the knw.
D. Their brains respnd t thse likes by turning n the reward center.
E. Fr example, images related t alchl may encurage teens t drink.
F. And that can, inapprpriately, make us feel less successful than them.
G. But thse ”likes“ can have pwer that ges beynd a simple cnnectin.
16. G 17. A 18. D 19. B 20. E
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了點(diǎn)贊對(duì)青少年產(chǎn)生的影響。
16. 上文“Clicking n a thumbs-up r a heart icn is an easy way t stay in tuch.(點(diǎn)擊豎起大拇指或心形圖標(biāo)是保持聯(lián)系的簡(jiǎn)單方法)”說明點(diǎn)贊是一種比較簡(jiǎn)單的保持聯(lián)系方式，G項(xiàng)“但這些“贊”的力量可以超越簡(jiǎn)單的聯(lián)系”與其緊密銜接，“a simple cnnectin”與“an easy way t stay in tuch”相呼應(yīng)，并引出文章的主題，符合語境。故選G項(xiàng)。
17. 上文“Clicking ”like“ n a pst can increase the number f peple wh see it. If ther peple have liked a pst, new viewers will be mre likely t like it t. Many scial media sites share mre f the higher-ranked psts.(在帖子上點(diǎn)擊“點(diǎn)贊”可以增加瀏覽人數(shù)。如果其他人也喜歡某個(gè)帖子，新觀眾也更有可能喜歡它。許多社交媒體網(wǎng)站分享更多排名較高的帖子)”說明社交媒體網(wǎng)站分享排名較高的帖子，那么就可以吸引更多的人點(diǎn)贊，A項(xiàng)“因此，這種受歡迎程度可以靠自己來維持”承接上文，闡述了前面句子產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，符合語境。故選A項(xiàng)。
18. 上文“Accrding t recent studies, viewing ne’s wn psts with a lt f likes activates the reward system in their brains, especially fr teens. Psitive respnses t teens’ wn phts (in the frm f many likes)tell them that their friends appreciate the material they’re psting. (根據(jù)最近的研究，大量點(diǎn)贊觀看自己的帖子會(huì)激活他們大腦中的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)系統(tǒng)，尤其是對(duì)青少年來說。對(duì)青少年自己照片的積極回應(yīng)(以許多贊的形式)告訴他們，他們的朋友很欣賞他們發(fā)布的材料)”提到青少年看到自己的帖子被點(diǎn)贊會(huì)激活他們大腦的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)系統(tǒng)，D項(xiàng)“他們的大腦通過打開獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)中心來對(duì)這些贊做出反應(yīng)”承接上文，符合語境。故選D項(xiàng)。
19. 下文“In ne 2011 study, in which teens ding driving task in a lab tk mre risks when their friends were arund, suggests that teens were changing their behavir t try t get scial apprval.(在2011年的一項(xiàng)研究中，當(dāng)朋友在身邊時(shí)，在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里完成駕駛?cè)蝿?wù)的青少年會(huì)承擔(dān)更多的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，這表明青少年正在改變自己的行為，試圖獲得社會(huì)認(rèn)可)”說明青少年有朋友在身邊時(shí)，他們會(huì)改變自己的行為，B項(xiàng)“毫不奇怪，來自同齡人的反饋會(huì)影響青少年的行為”與舉例說明的內(nèi)容吻合，符合語境。故選B項(xiàng)。
20. 上文“They fund that ppular phts might signal t them that what’s in thse phts is scially acceptable.(他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，受歡迎的照片可能會(huì)向他們發(fā)出信號(hào)，表明這些照片中的內(nèi)容是社會(huì)可以接受的)”，空處承上啟下，下文“That means that what yu like nline has the pwer t influence nt just what thers like, but even what they d.(這意味著你在網(wǎng)上喜歡的東西不僅能影響別人喜歡的東西，甚至能影響他們的行為)”，E項(xiàng)“例如，與酒精有關(guān)的圖片可能會(huì)鼓勵(lì)青少年飲酒”舉例內(nèi)容與上文觀點(diǎn)一致，其中“images ”與上文phts”相對(duì)應(yīng)，“may encurage teens t drink”與下文“influence nt just what thers like, but even what they d”相呼應(yīng)，符合語境。故選E項(xiàng)。
（2024上·北京西城·高三統(tǒng)考期末）When was the last time yu lked at smething r felt smething and said, “Ww”? Recent studies fund that a lt f peple are in emtinal distress. S hw can yu rediscver the jys in yur day-t-day life and recapture that sense f childhd wnder? Here’s hw yu can find them.
21 Thrughut the day, stp what yu are ding t listen t music, play with a ty r ddle n a piece f paper. Stretching yur brain in different ways and daydreaming can stimulate yur imaginatin.
Get creative. Whether it is playing a musical instrument, sketching, painting, mdeling with clay, dancing, r writing in a jurnal, creative pursuits are a great place t find jy. 22
Turn ff yur phne and enjy the silence. Technlgy can be a gd thing and prvide us with many pprtunities, but it can als numb (使遲鈍) us t the wws arund us and be an nging distractin. Turn yur phne ff fr ne hur, a whle day r even an entire weekend. Yu culd als try turning ff the televisin, music r radi fr a few minutes t give yurself sme ttal silence. 23
Listen. Really listen. When was the last time yu remembered everything smene said t yu? 24 Having a new-fund curisity and cnsideratin fr the ther persn might lead yu t sme surprising discveries and take yu utside f yurself.
Get ut f yur cmfrt zne. Finding pprtunities where yu can push yurself ut f yur cmfrt zne will als give yu a better chance f finding a ww experience. 25 Even attempting a 5k when yu are nt quite ready fr a marathn can really help.
A. Take a play break.
B. Change yur rutine.
C. This desn’t have t mean a big, life-changing activity.
D. This can help take yu back t a childlike state, in a wrld f wnder.
E. When talking t ther peple, try t be present with whever yu are with.
F. Take a minute t ntice and really pay attentin t where yu are, what yu’re ding and what’s ging n arund yu.
G. What’s mre, when yu find flw in a creative activity, yu might find inspiratin fr ther areas f yur life.
21. A 22. G 23. F 24. E 25. C
【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文，介紹了緩解情緒困擾，找回生活中的快樂的幾種方法。
21. 空處為小標(biāo)題。根據(jù)后文“Thrughut the day, stp what yu are ding t listen t music, play with a ty r ddle n a piece f paper. Stretching yur brain in different ways and daydreaming can stimulate yur imaginatin.(一整天，停下手頭的工作，聽聽音樂，玩玩玩具或在紙上涂鴉。用不同的方式伸展你的大腦，做白日夢(mèng)可以激發(fā)你的想象力)”可知，本段建議要注意休息；A選項(xiàng)“通過玩樂來休息”符合本段主旨。故選A項(xiàng)。
22. 本段小標(biāo)題為“變得有創(chuàng)造力”，前文“Whether it is playing a musical instrument, sketching, painting, mdeling with clay, dancing, r writing in a jurnal, creative pursuits are a great place t find jy.(無論是演奏樂器，素描，繪畫，用粘土做模型，跳舞，還是寫日記，創(chuàng)造性的追求都是找到快樂的好地方)”表明創(chuàng)造力是一種好方法；G選項(xiàng)“更重要的是，當(dāng)你在創(chuàng)造性活動(dòng)中發(fā)現(xiàn)心流時(shí)，你可能會(huì)在生活的其他領(lǐng)域找到靈感”同樣表明創(chuàng)造力的重要性。故選G項(xiàng)。
23. 前文“Turn yur phne ff fr ne hur, a whle day r even an entire weekend. Yu culd als try turning ff the televisin, music r radi fr a few minutes t give yurself sme ttal silence.(關(guān)掉手機(jī)一個(gè)小時(shí)，一天，甚至整個(gè)周末。你也可以試著關(guān)掉電視、音樂或收音機(jī)幾分鐘，讓自己完全安靜下來)”表明要遠(yuǎn)離電子設(shè)備；F選項(xiàng)“花一分鐘的時(shí)間去注意你在哪里，你在做什么，你周圍發(fā)生了什么”表明關(guān)掉電子設(shè)備后，應(yīng)將注意力集中在自己身上，符合語境。故選F項(xiàng)。
24. 前文“Listen. Really listen. When was the last time yu remembered everything smene said t yu?(聆聽。真的聆聽。你上一次記得別人對(duì)你說的話是什么時(shí)候)”表示應(yīng)與其它人互動(dòng)，E選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)和別人交談時(shí)，試著和你在一起的人在一起”告訴我們?nèi)绾闻c別人互動(dòng)。故選E項(xiàng)。
25. 本段小標(biāo)題為“走出你的舒適區(qū)”，后文“Even attempting a 5k when yu are nt quite ready fr a marathn can really help.(即使是在你還沒準(zhǔn)備好參加馬拉松的時(shí)候嘗試5公里也會(huì)有幫助)”表示小的行為也會(huì)有幫助；C選項(xiàng)“這并不一定意味著一個(gè)重大的，改變生活的活動(dòng)”引出下文，符合語境。故選C項(xiàng)。
（2024上·北京昌平·高三統(tǒng)考期末）Get Cmfrtable Giving Hnest Feedback
Shuld yu cautiusly tell a cwrker she’s been misprnuncing a client’s name? Or wuld yu tell smene abut the piece f vegetable left in his teeth? 26 Recent research finds that a cmmn cgnitive errr may help explain why—and that a simple apprach culd help vercme it.
In five experiments, study participants tk part in real-time interactins in which they gave r received feedback. Thse wh gave feedback estimated hw much the ther persn wanted t hear a well-intentined criticism; receivers reprted their actual desire fr cnstructive critiques.
27 The miscalculatin was particularly bvius when the feedback was cnsidered rather essential fr the result, as well as when thse ffering the infrmatin predicted that ding s wuld be scially uncmfrtable, either fr themselves r fr the receiver.
The underestimatin is likely due t a human tendency t ascribe (歸因) different mtives and desires t thers than we d t urselves, says Harvard dctral student Nicle Abi-Esber, wh authred the study. Peple tend t want feedback fr themselves, but they underestimate hw much thers want it, t. 28
Skipping ffering cnstructive criticism culd have cnsequences. In ne study, the subjects were asked t engage in a public-speaking cntest. The feedback-givers, again, underestimated the speakers’ desire fr cnstructive criticism. 29 Yet it was the speakers wh heard mre critical feedback that shwed the mst imprvement.
Is it pssible t vercme this and get better at giving feedback when it’s mst needed? 30 “Take a secnd and imagine yu are the ther persn,” Abi-Esber suggests. If yu’d want feedback, it’s likely the ther persn feels the same—and might even be grateful that yu tk the time t speak up.
A. They chse t give them praises instead.
B. A quick rle-exchanging exercise culd mve the needle.
C. It can als help identify ptential prblems befre they ccur.
D. The reasn is that they’re nt putting themselves in the ther persn’s shes.
E. Hw yu ask fr feedback may stp yu frm hearing what yu need t hear.
F. Many peple hesitate t ffer such hnest criticism even when the benefits seem bvius.
G. Feedback-givers always underestimated hw much thers wanted t hear helpful criticism.
26. F 27. G 28. D 29. A 30. B
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文，文章主要講述了如何在工作場(chǎng)合中更加舒適地給出誠實(shí)反饋。
26. 根據(jù)前文的“Shuld yu cautiusly tell a cwrker she’s been misprnuncing a client’s name? Or wuld yu tell smene abut the piece f vegetable left in his teeth?(你是否應(yīng)該謹(jǐn)慎地告訴同事她念錯(cuò)了客戶的名字？或者你會(huì)告訴別人他牙齒里的那塊蔬菜嗎？)”和后文的“Recent research finds that a cmmn cgnitive errr may help explain why—and that a simple apprach culd help vercme it.(最近的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，一種常見的認(rèn)知錯(cuò)誤可能有助于解釋其中的原因，而且有一種簡(jiǎn)單的方法可以幫助克服它。)”推知，人們?cè)谥赋鰟e人錯(cuò)誤或有不當(dāng)之處時(shí)猶豫不決。F項(xiàng)(很多人在提出這樣誠實(shí)的批評(píng)時(shí)猶豫不決，即使這樣做的好處似乎很明顯。)承接上文，“hnest criticism”指的便是前文的兩個(gè)做法，后文指出了人們提出誠實(shí)的批評(píng)的原因在于認(rèn)知的錯(cuò)誤，但有辦法可以改變它，故選F項(xiàng)。
27. 根據(jù)后文的“The miscalculatin was particularly bvius when the feedback was cnsidered rather essential fr the result, as well as when thse ffering the infrmatin predicted that ding s wuld be scially uncmfrtable, either fr themselves r fr the receiver.(當(dāng)反饋被認(rèn)為對(duì)結(jié)果至關(guān)重要時(shí)，以及當(dāng)提供信息的人預(yù)測(cè)這樣做會(huì)讓他們自己或接受者感到社交上的不舒服時(shí)，這種誤判尤其明顯。)”可知，G項(xiàng)(給予反饋的人總是低估了別人有多想聽到有益的批評(píng)。)說明了給予反饋的人的這種低估是一種誤判，尤其是考慮到反饋的重要性或者讓彼此不舒適時(shí)，故選G項(xiàng)。
28. 空處位于段末，應(yīng)承接上文。根據(jù)前文的“The underestimatin is likely due t a human tendency t ascribe different mtives and desires t thers than we d t urselves, says Harvard dctral student Nicle Abi-Esber, wh authred the study. Peple tend t want feedback fr themselves, but they underestimate hw much thers want it, t.(這項(xiàng)研究的作者、哈佛大學(xué)博士生 Nicle Abi-Esber說，這種低估很可能是由于人類傾向于將不同的動(dòng)機(jī)和欲望歸因于他人，而不是我們自己。人們往往希望自己得到反饋，但他們低估了別人對(duì)反饋的渴望程度。)”可知，人們沒有給出誠實(shí)的反饋是因?yàn)闆]有站在別人的角度看待問題。D項(xiàng)(原因是他們沒有設(shè)身處地地為別人著想。)承接上文，指出了低估別人對(duì)反饋的渴望程度的原因所在，即沒有站在他人的角度考慮問題，故選D項(xiàng)。
29. 根據(jù)前文的“Skipping ffering cnstructive criticism culd have cnsequences. In ne study, the subjects were asked t engage in a public-speaking cntest. The feedback-givers, again, underestimated the speakers’ desire fr cnstructive criticism.(不提供建設(shè)性的批評(píng)可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生不良后果。在一項(xiàng)研究中，研究對(duì)象被要求參加一場(chǎng)公開演講比賽。反饋者再次低估了演講者對(duì)建設(shè)性批評(píng)的渴望。)”和后文的“Yet it was the speakers wh heard mre critical feedback that shwed the mst imprvement.(然而，聽到更多批評(píng)反饋的演講者表現(xiàn)出最大的進(jìn)步。)”推知，空處應(yīng)與下文呈轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，指出反饋者贊揚(yáng)演講者，而非提出建設(shè)性批評(píng)。A項(xiàng)(他們選擇表揚(yáng)他們。)說明了反饋者表揚(yáng)的做法是低估了演講者對(duì)建設(shè)性批評(píng)的渴望，使得這些演講者沒能得到有效的指導(dǎo)，從而沒能取得更大的進(jìn)步，因此產(chǎn)生了后文的結(jié)果“聽到更多批評(píng)反饋的演講者表現(xiàn)出最大的進(jìn)步”，故選A項(xiàng)。
30. 根據(jù)前文的“Is it pssible t vercme this and get better at giving feedback when it’s mst needed?(是否有可能克服這一點(diǎn)，并在最需要的時(shí)候更好地提供反饋?)”和后文的““Take a secnd and imagine yu are the ther persn,” Abi-Esber suggests. If yu’d want feedback, it’s likely the ther persn feels the same—and might even be grateful that yu tk the time t speak up.(Abi-Esber 建議，“花點(diǎn)時(shí)間，把你想象成另一個(gè)人”。如果你想要得到反饋，對(duì)方很可能也有同樣的感覺，甚至可能會(huì)感激你花時(shí)間說出來。)”可知，如果把自己想象成另一個(gè)人會(huì)有助于提出誠實(shí)的反饋。B項(xiàng)(一個(gè)快速的角色互換練習(xí)可以改變現(xiàn)狀。)承接上文，提出了給予誠實(shí)有效的批評(píng)的具體建議，下文具體解釋了角色互換練習(xí)的心理基礎(chǔ)，故選B項(xiàng)。
（2024上·北京大興·高三統(tǒng)考期末）Custmer service refers t the way that cmpanies behave twards their custmers. 31 Hwever, many a time rganizatins dn’t fcus n custmer relatinship management, and that’s what makes custmers angry, which is ne f the reasns why cmpanies lse their custmers. 32
First f all, yu need t realize the great value f the custmers. It’s they wh are the bss, and it, s because f them that yu get yur pay checks. S d take yur custmers seriusly.
33 Yu need t ask the custmers the right kind f questins and think f the pssible slutins which yu can prvide. Understand hw they feel accrding t a particular situatin, their bdy language, tne f vice and wrds they speak. Never make assumptins and think that yu knw what the custmers want.
Making custmers feel they are imprtant is an excellent way t serve them better. 34 The best way t d that is using their first name and finding ways f praising them in a sincere way.
In additin, there are sme ther skills which will help yu in serving yur custmers better. Fr example, nce yu finish slving the prblem fr the custmers, befre ending the call, always remember t ask if there is anything else yu can d fr them. End the call with a “thank yu”. If the custmers are angry, let them express their anger cmpletely. 35 Once they’ve finished speaking, try t calm them dwn by aplgizing.
In a wrd, always remember that if the custmers remain happy, yu’ll be in business.
A. Treat custmers as individuals.
B. Never interrupt r start speaking until they’ve finished.
C. Yu can bring in as many new custmers as yu want.
D. S custmer service is imprtant and yu shuld knw hw t imprve it.
E. Finding ut the needs f the custmers is anther imprtant custmer service tip.
F. Mre cmpanies are finding that their custmer service shuld nt be limited t stres.
G. It’s the quality f service that determines whether the custmer remains with the cmpany.
31. G 32. D 33. E 34. A 35. B
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章就怎樣專注于客戶關(guān)系管理給出建議。
31. 由上文“Custmer service refers t the way that cmpanies behave twards their custmers. (客戶服務(wù)是指公司對(duì)待客戶的行為方式。)”可知，這里解釋了什么是客戶服務(wù)的概念，而G項(xiàng)It’s the quality f service that determines whether the custmer remains with the cmpany. (服務(wù)質(zhì)量決定了客戶是否留在公司。)符合語境，其中the quality f service與上文Custmer service對(duì)應(yīng)，有承上作用。故選G項(xiàng)。
32. 由上文“Hwever, many a time rganizatins dn’t fcus n custmer relatinship management, and that’s what makes custmers angry, which is ne f the reasns why cmpanies lse their custmers. (然而，許多組織并不專注于客戶關(guān)系管理，這就是讓客戶憤怒的原因，也是公司失去客戶的原因之一。)”可知，這里主要講處理不好客戶關(guān)系，將會(huì)讓公司失去客戶，而D項(xiàng)S custmer service is imprtant and yu shuld knw hw t imprve it. (所以客戶服務(wù)很重要，你應(yīng)該知道如何改進(jìn)它。)符合語境，其中s有承上作用，yu shuld knw hw t imprve it有啟下作用。故選D項(xiàng)。
33. 由下文“Yu need t ask the custmers the right kind f questins and think f the pssible slutins which yu can prvide. Understand hw they feel accrding t a particular situatin, their bdy language, tne f vice and wrds they speak. Never make assumptins and think that yu knw what the custmers want. (你需要向客戶提出正確的問題，并思考你可以提供的可能解決方案。了解他們?cè)谔囟ㄇ闆r下的感受、肢體語言、語調(diào)和所說的話。永遠(yuǎn)不要想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為你知道客戶想要什么。)”可知，這里主要講要了解顧客的需求。而E項(xiàng)Finding ut the needs f the custmers is anther imprtant custmer service tip. (了解客戶的需求是另一個(gè)重要的客戶服務(wù)技巧。)符合語境，對(duì)下文有總括作用，其中Finding ut the needs f the custmers與下文Understand hw they feel對(duì)應(yīng)。故選E項(xiàng)。
34. 由上文“Making custmers feel they are imprtant is an excellent way t serve them better. (讓客戶覺得他們很重要是更好地為他們服務(wù)的一個(gè)好方法。)”以及下文“The best way t d that is using their first name and finding ways f praising them in a sincere way. (做到這一點(diǎn)的最好方法是使用他們的名字，并找到真誠的方式贊美他們。)”可知，這里主要講要讓顧客感到個(gè)性化服務(wù)，而A項(xiàng)Treat custmers as individuals. (將客戶視為個(gè)人。)符合語境，有啟下作用。故選A項(xiàng)。
35. 由上文“If the custmers are angry, let them express their anger cmpletely. (如果顧客很生氣，讓他們完全表達(dá)自己的憤怒。)”可知，這里講要讓顧客怒氣發(fā)出來，而B項(xiàng)Never interrupt r start speaking until they’ve finished. (在他們說完之前，千萬不要打斷或開始說話。)符合語境，其中they與上文the custmers 對(duì)應(yīng)，Never interrupt 和下文 they’ve finished speaking對(duì)應(yīng)，所以有承上啟下作用。故選B項(xiàng)。
（2024上·北京·高三統(tǒng)考期末）We humans are cmparisn creatures. 36 This quality may have evlved as a means f helping us fit int the scial hierarchy (等級(jí)) f the cultures we inhabited. Regardless f the reasns, scial cmparisn plays a significant rle in hw we view and evaluate urselves, and hw we interact with ur wrld.
It used t be that ur primary reference f cmparisn was ur lcal cmmunities, primarily neighbrs and c-wrkers. Because we tend t gather arund thse similar t urselves in terms f educatinal level, wrk incme, and shared interests, the range f differences when we cmpared urselves t thers was fairly small. Unfrtunately, with the emergence f the Internet, we can nw cmpare urselves t literally anyne in the wrld. 37 What had in previus generatins been a small gap in ur cmparisns has nw becme s large and unattainable.
38 When s many peple that are easily discverable n the Internet seem t be s successful. famus, influential and beautiful, given ur preference t cmpare, it is difficult nt t have it influence hw we view urselves. Sadly, these cmparisns usually result in ur feeling inadequate and “l(fā)ess than”.
These harmful cmparisns als damage ur emtinal lives. When we feel lacking, we experience a variety f unpleasant and unhealthy emtins. We feel jealusy and envy fr what thers have and what we lack. 39
It’s ne thing t realize that yu cmpare yurself t thers. It’s anther thing t recgnize that scial cmparisn is ften crrsive (逐步侵蝕的) t yu in s many ways psychlgically and emtinally. It’s an entirely ther thing t stp yurself frm cmparing yurself t thers. 40
A. We are cnstantly measuring urselves against ther peple.
B. Yet it is pssible, and it is wrth the effrt fr yur mental health.
C. Thus, we are nw expsed t grups that are quite different frm us.
D. We believe that there is smething wrng with us cmpared t thers.
E. We can even feel bitterness and anger at thers fr the unfairness f it all.
F. Cmparing urselves t thers has the ptential t increase ur life experience.
G. This new level f cmparisn has huge implicatins fr ur psychlgical lives.
36. A 37. C 38. G 39. E 40. B
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了人類生來喜愛比較，但互聯(lián)網(wǎng)讓人們比較的范圍變得更大，對(duì)人們的生活也產(chǎn)生了一定影響。
36. 根據(jù)上文“We humans are cmparisn creatures.(我們?nèi)祟愂潜容^動(dòng)物)”以及后文“This quality may have evlved as a means f helping us fit int the scial hierarchy (等級(jí)) f the cultures we inhabited.(這種品質(zhì)可能是作為一種幫助我們?nèi)谌胛覀兯幼〉奈幕纳鐣?huì)等級(jí)制度的手段而進(jìn)化的)”可知，上文提到了人類是比較動(dòng)物，且后文提到比較這種品質(zhì)，可知本句主要對(duì)比較動(dòng)物進(jìn)行展開說明，說明人類愛和別人比較。故A選項(xiàng)“我們總是拿自己和別人比較”符合語境，故選A。
37. 根據(jù)上文“Unfrtunately, with the emergence f the Internet, we can nw cmpare urselves t literally anyne in the wrld.(不幸的是，隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的出現(xiàn)，我們現(xiàn)在可以將自己與世界上的任何人進(jìn)行比較)”以及后文“What had in previus generatins been a small gap in ur cmparisns has nw becme s large and unattainable.(在我們的比較中，前幾代人的小差距現(xiàn)在變得如此之大，難以企及)”可知，上文提到了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)讓我們可以和世界上的任何人進(jìn)行比較，且后文提到了前幾代人的小差距現(xiàn)在變得如此之大，說明互聯(lián)網(wǎng)導(dǎo)致比較的群體發(fā)生了變化，C選項(xiàng)“因此，我們現(xiàn)在接觸到的群體與我們完全不同”符合語境，故選C。
38. 根據(jù)后文內(nèi)容“When s many peple that are easily discverable n the Internet seem t be s successful. famus, influential and beautiful, given ur preference t cmpare, it is difficult nt t have it influence hw we view urselves. Sadly, these cmparisns usually result in ur feeling inadequate and “l(fā)ess than”.(當(dāng)這么多在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上很容易被發(fā)現(xiàn)的人看起來很成功的時(shí)候。名氣、影響力和美貌，考慮到我們喜歡攀比，很難不影響我們對(duì)自己的看法?？杀氖?，這些比較通常會(huì)導(dǎo)致我們感覺不足和“不如”)”可知，后文提到了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的比較影響了我們對(duì)自己的看法，導(dǎo)致我們感覺不足和“不如”，說明這種比較對(duì)我們的心理產(chǎn)生了影響。故G選項(xiàng)“這種新的比較水平對(duì)我們的心理生活有著巨大的影響”符合語境，故選G。
39. 根據(jù)上文“These harmful cmparisns als damage ur emtinal lives. When we feel lacking, we experience a variety f unpleasant and unhealthy emtins. We feel jealusy and envy fr what thers have and what we lack.(這些有害的比較也會(huì)損害我們的情感生活。當(dāng)我們感到匱乏時(shí)，我們會(huì)經(jīng)歷各種不愉快和不健康的情緒。我們對(duì)別人所擁有的和我們所缺乏的感到嫉妒和羨慕)”可知，本段的主旨是有害的比較會(huì)損害情感生活，本句為本段最后一句，故承接上文，主要說明對(duì)別人的比較產(chǎn)生的一些負(fù)面情緒。故E選項(xiàng)“我們甚至?xí)?duì)別人的不公平感到痛苦和憤怒”符合語境，故選E。
40. 根據(jù)上文“It’s ne thing t realize that yu cmpare yurself t thers. It’s anther thing t recgnize that scial cmparisn is ften crrsive (逐步侵蝕的) t yu in s many ways psychlgically and emtinally. It’s an entirely ther thing t stp yurself frm cmparing yurself t thers.(意識(shí)到你和別人比較是一回事。認(rèn)識(shí)到社會(huì)比較通常在心理和情感上對(duì)你有多方面的腐蝕性是另一回事。阻止自己和別人比較完全是另一回事)”可知，上文提到了阻止自己和別人進(jìn)行比較是另一回事，本句為本段最后一句，故說明阻止自己和別人比較所帶來的影響，故B選項(xiàng)“但這是可能的，而且為了你的心理健康，這是值得的”符合語境，故選B。
（2024上·北京朝陽·高三統(tǒng)考期末）When yu g t cncerts, yu expect yur favrite musician t perfrm amazingly n stage. But yu may have nticed smething curius that mst musicians dn’t just play with their fingers. They als invlve bdy mvements that fit the sng’s beat r dance fllwing the music. 41 The facial expressins musicians shw when playing may seem strange r crazy t an utsider, but all that pulling faces might actually serve a purpse.
Firstly, playing a musical instrument usually requires intense fcus and cncentratin. 42 Their facial expressins can be a demnstratin f the intense emtins and physical effrt that g hand-in-hand with musical perfrmance. They’re ften subcnscius-in fact, many f us will pull strange faces when we’re deeply invlved in an activity we care abut.
43 Musicians have a strng emtinal cnnectin with the music they perfrm. They ften use their facial expressins t express the md and interpretatin f the music, which creates a mre engaging musical experience. While facial expressins may nt directly make smene a better musician, they might cntribute t the verall artistry f the music.
Perfrming live music is a rather stressful experience, s it culd be that the perfrmer is expressing thse nerves thrugh their face-biting the bttm lip, fr example. Luckily, nerves will ften g away sn after a musician starts perfrming. 44
The facial expressins bviusly t sme extent express the perfrmer’s inner wrld. Anther interesting thing is that making facial expressins can have a physilgical impact n the musician’s perfrmance. Sme research suggests that certain facial mvements can activate specific muscles and imprve muscle harmnizatin. 45 Hwever, it’s imprtant t nte that this relatinship is still nt well understd, and the extent t which facial expressins directly impact musical cmpetence is a subject f nging investigatin.
A. When yu’re really fcused, yu dn’t care abut the utside wrld.
B. Amng them the part f the bdy that best exhibits this is bviusly the face.
C. They likely wn’t be the main cause fr thse strange faces thrughut a perfrmance.
D. Such effects are particularly helpful in cntrlling muscles when playing an instrument.
E. Facial expressins can als help musicians cmmunicate emtins and artistic expressin.
F. Musicians are ften vercme with emtin frm the music itself r the reactin f the crwd.
G. Musicians ften enter a state f “flw”, where they becme cmpletely absrbed in the music they’re creating.
41. B 42. G 43. E 44. C 45. D
【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。音樂家演奏時(shí)不只是用手指演奏還會(huì)有身體動(dòng)作，其中一個(gè)身體動(dòng)作就是面部表情。文章主要介紹了音樂家演奏時(shí)使用面部表情給他們帶來的好處。
41. 上文“But yu may have nticed smething curius that mst musicians dn’t just play with their fingers. They als invlve bdy mvements that fit the sng’s beat r dance fllwing the music. (但您可能已經(jīng)注意到一些奇怪的事情，大多數(shù)音樂家不只是用手指演奏。還包括適應(yīng)歌曲節(jié)奏或舞蹈音樂的身體動(dòng)作。)”可知，音樂家不僅用手指演奏，還會(huì)用身體動(dòng)作，下文“The facial expressins musicians shw when playing may seem strange r crazy t an utsider, but all that pulling faces might actually serve a purpse.(音樂家在演奏時(shí)表現(xiàn)出的面部表情對(duì)于局外人來說可能看起來很奇怪或瘋狂，但所有這些表情實(shí)際上可能都是有目的的。)”指出了音樂家在演奏時(shí)的面部表情是什么樣的，由此可知，空處應(yīng)指出音樂家的身體動(dòng)作之一就是面部表情，B項(xiàng)“其中最能體現(xiàn)這一點(diǎn)的身體部位顯然就是臉部?！背猩蠁⑾?，them代指上文“bdy mvements”，故選B。
42. 上文“Firstly, playing a musical instrument usually requires intense fcus and cncentratin.(首先，演奏樂器通常需要高度集中注意力)”指出演奏樂器通常需要高度集中注意力，所以音樂家會(huì)在演奏時(shí)完全沉浸于表演中，G項(xiàng)“音樂家經(jīng)常進(jìn)入一種“心流”狀態(tài)，他們完全沉浸在他們正在創(chuàng)作的音樂中?！背薪由衔?，故選G。
43. 上文“Their facial expressins can be a demnstratin f the intense emtins and physical effrt that g hand-in-hand with musical perfrmance.(他們的面部表情可以表現(xiàn)出與音樂表演密切相關(guān)的強(qiáng)烈情感和體力。)”指出面部表情的好處之一是可以表現(xiàn)出與音樂表演密切相關(guān)的強(qiáng)烈情感和體力，下文“Musicians have a strng emtinal cnnectin with the music they perfrm. They ften use their facial expressins t express the md and interpretatin f the music, which creates a mre engaging musical experience. (音樂家與他們演奏的音樂有著強(qiáng)烈的情感聯(lián)系。他們經(jīng)常用面部表情來表達(dá)音樂的情緒和詮釋，從而創(chuàng)造出更具吸引力的音樂體驗(yàn)。)”指出音樂家用面部表情來表達(dá)音樂的情緒，E項(xiàng)“面部表情還可以幫助音樂家交流情感和藝術(shù)表達(dá)?！苯榻B了面部表情的其他好處，故選E。
44. 上文“Perfrming live music is a rather stressful experience, s it culd be that the perfrmer is expressing thse nerves thrugh their face-biting the bttm lip, fr example. Luckily, nerves will ften g away sn after a musician starts perfrming.(表演現(xiàn)場(chǎng)音樂是一種相當(dāng)緊張的體驗(yàn)，因此表演者可能會(huì)通過咬下嘴唇等方式來表達(dá)這些緊張情緒。幸運(yùn)的是，音樂家開始表演后，緊張往往很快就會(huì)消失)”指出表演者可能會(huì)通過咬下嘴唇等方式來表達(dá)緊張情緒，但是音樂家在表演的時(shí)候不會(huì)出現(xiàn)緊張情緒，所以緊張情緒不是音樂家出現(xiàn)這些奇怪面部表情的原因，C項(xiàng)“它們可能不會(huì)成為整個(gè)表演過程中出現(xiàn)這些奇怪面孔的主要原因?！背薪由衔?，they代指上文的nerves，故選C。
45. 上文“Anther interesting thing is that making facial expressins can have a physilgical impact n the musician’s perfrmance. Sme research suggests that certain facial mvements can activate specific muscles and imprve muscle harmnizatin.(另一件有趣的事情是，面部表情會(huì)對(duì)音樂家的表演產(chǎn)生生理影響。一些研究表明，某些面部動(dòng)作可以激活特定的肌肉并改善肌肉的協(xié)調(diào)性)”指出面部表情會(huì)對(duì)音樂家的表演產(chǎn)生生理影響——可以激活特定的肌肉并改善肌肉的協(xié)調(diào)性，空處承接上文，指出這種生理影響對(duì)音樂家表演時(shí)所帶來的好處，D項(xiàng)“這種效果對(duì)于演奏樂器時(shí)控制肌肉特別有幫助。”符合語境，Such effects呼應(yīng)上文的activate specific muscles and imprve muscle harmnizatin，故選D。
（2023上·北京順義·高三統(tǒng)考期末）Late-night eating has lng been cnnected t a higher risk fr besity r verweight, which can pse all kinds f risks t yur heart.
46 A recent study fund that when meals are delayed by fur hurs — say eating at 10:30 PM rather than 6:30 PM and keeping all ther lifestyle factrs the same, peple burn fewer calries, have strnger appetite, and experience changes in fat tissue that prmte weight gain, accrding t the study’s authr.
The study was rather small, featuring nly 16 verweight r bese peple. 47 In the weeks befre, they maintained a regular sleep schedule and stuck t identical diets and meal times at hme. Each participant reprted n their hunger and appetite, and prvided data needed. Besides feeling hungrier, burning fewer calries, and shwing changes in fat tissue, late eating als impacted the hunger-regulating hermnes (荷爾蒙) ghrelin and leptin. Ghrelin is the hrmne that tells yu when t eat, while leptin tells yu when yu’ve had enugh. 48
The slutin may be relatively simple. Keeping yur eating schedule in line with yur bdy’s natural clck makes sense. 49 It can minimize weight gain and reduce the risk fr high bld pressure and ther heart disease risk factrs. Besides, try eating a big breakfast, slightly smaller lunch, and small dinner with healthy snacks thrughut the day. 50 S pay attentin t prtin (食物的一份) sizes and what yu’re eating.
A. Of curse, nt everyne’s natural bdy clck is the same.
B. Researchers may have learned why meal timing culd impact fat gain.
C. A survey has revealed that a grwing number f peple are verweight.
D. They each stuck t a strict early r late meal schedule fr ne day in a lab.
E. Remember, what yu eat and hw much is likely mre imprtant than when.
F. Eating mre early in the day and less as it prgresses may be the best strategy.
G. The study fund that leptin drpped by 16 percent when peple delayed their meals.
46. B 47. D 48. G 49. F 50. E
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，文章介紹了吃飯的時(shí)間會(huì)影響食欲和體重，并提出相關(guān)建議。
46. 下文“ A recent study fund that when meals are delayed by fur hurs — say eating at 10:30 PM rather than 6:30 PM and keeping all ther lifestyle factrs the same, peple burn fewer calries, have strnger appetite, and experience changes in fat tissue that prmte weight gain, accrding t the study’s authr.(最近的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果吃飯時(shí)間推遲了4個(gè)小時(shí)——比如在晚上10點(diǎn)半吃飯，而不是6點(diǎn)半，并且保持其他生活方式不變，根據(jù)該研究的作者所說，人們?nèi)紵目防飼?huì)更少，食欲會(huì)更強(qiáng)，脂肪組織的變化會(huì)促進(jìn)體重增加。)”通過舉例來說明用餐時(shí)間所產(chǎn)生的影響，是對(duì)B選項(xiàng)“Researchers may have learned why meal timing culd impact fat gain.(研究人員可能已經(jīng)了解了為什么用餐時(shí)間會(huì)影響脂肪的增加。)”中研究成果的闡述，說明了用餐時(shí)間如何導(dǎo)致脂肪的增加，上下文語意連貫。故選B。
47. 下文“In the weeks befre, they maintained a regular sleep schedule and stuck t identical diets and meal times at hme. (在此之前的幾周里，他們保持著規(guī)律的睡眠時(shí)間表，在家里堅(jiān)持相同的飲食和用餐時(shí)間。)”提到實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象在實(shí)驗(yàn)前幾周的準(zhǔn)備工作，根據(jù)句中時(shí)間狀語“In the weeks befre”可推知，上文設(shè)空處應(yīng)介紹實(shí)驗(yàn)當(dāng)日的情況，D選項(xiàng)“They each stuck t a strict early r late meal schedule fr ne day in a lab.(在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里，他們每個(gè)人都嚴(yán)格遵守早或晚的用餐時(shí)間表。)”符合語境。故選D。
48. 上文“Ghrelin is the hrmne that tells yu when t eat, while leptin tells yu when yu’ve had enugh. (胃饑餓素是一種告訴你什么時(shí)候該吃東西的激素，而瘦素告訴你什么時(shí)候吃飽了。)”提出餓素和瘦素的作用。G選項(xiàng)“The study fund that leptin drpped by 16 percent when peple delayed their meals.(研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)人們推遲吃飯時(shí)，瘦素水平會(huì)下降16%。)”中說明推遲吃飯會(huì)導(dǎo)致瘦素水平下降，會(huì)讓人多吃東西，上下文語意連貫，句中“l(fā)eptin”是關(guān)鍵詞。故選G。
49. 上文“Keeping yur eating schedule in line with yur bdy’s natural clck makes sense. (讓你的飲食計(jì)劃與你身體的生物鐘保持一致是有意義的)”提出讓飲食計(jì)劃與生物鐘保持一致，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“Eating mre early in the day and less as it prgresses may be the best strategy.(早上多吃點(diǎn)，隨著時(shí)間發(fā)展少吃點(diǎn)可能是最好的策略。)”給出具體建議，即早上多吃，后面少吃，下文“It can minimize weight gain and reduce the risk fr high bld pressure and ther heart disease risk factrs. (它可以最大限度地減少體重增加，降低患高血壓和其他心臟病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。)”說明這樣做的好處。上下文語意連貫。故選F。
50. 根據(jù)下文的“S pay attentin t prtin (食物的一份) sizes and what yu’re eating.(所以要注意食物的分量和你吃的東西。)”中“S”可知，上下文之間是因果關(guān)系，E選項(xiàng)“Remember, what yu eat and hw much is likely mre imprtant than when.( 記住，你吃什么和吃多少可能比什么時(shí)候吃更重要。)”指出吃什么和吃多少更重要，與下文構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，句中“what yu eat and hw much”與下文“prtin (食物的一份) sizes and what yu’re eating”相照應(yīng)，上下文語意連貫。故選E。

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