（2024上·北京東城·高三統(tǒng)考期末）Scientists are pr frecasters f the future. But tw trends can be cnfidently predicted. First, the wrld will get mre crwded. There’ll be mre than 9 billin peple by 2050. Secnd, the wrld will get warmer and sme gvernments wn’t priritise the lng-term measures needed t deal with climate change, even thugh science ffers us a radmap t a lw-carbn future.
That’s why we shuld be prmters f new technlgy—withut it the wrld can’t prvide the fd and sustainable energy needed fr an expanding ppulatin. But we shuld als be cautius, as new technlgies, such as AI, may be hard t cntrl.
AI will undubtedly becme mre intrusive in the future. Recrds f ur mvements, health and financial transactins will be stred in the clud. The data may be used fr justifiable reasns, such as prtein flding and drug develpment, r t warn us f initial health risks, but its availability t Internet cmpanies is already shifting the balance f pwer frm gvernments t glbal-scale crpratins.
Actually, it’s beynd Earth that AI has the mst enrmus ptential. Humans may have established bases beynd Earth by the year 2100．But dn’t ever expect mass emigratin (移民) frm Earth. It’s a false belief that space ffers an escape frm ur prblems. Dealing with climate change n Earth is a piece f cake cmpared t terrafrming Mars.
Nevertheless, we shuld cheer n these brave human space adventurers. They’ll be ill-adapted t a Martian habitat, s they’ll have a super mtive t redesign themselves. It’s they, nt thse f us adapted t life n Earth, wh will pineer the pst-human era (時代).
If pst-humans make the shift frm flesh and bld t fully artificial intelligences, they wn’t need an atmsphere f even gravity, s it’s in deep space — nt even n Mars that nn bilgical “brains” may develp pwers that we can’t imagine. They may end up being mentally different frm us. AI culd jump-start a huge emigratin and thus even mre cmplex intelligence spreads thrugh the universe.
But let’s re fcus frm the science fictin f the far future. clser t the here and nw. This century is special. It’s the first, in Earth’s 4.5-billin-year histry where ne species-urs—hlds the planet’s future in its hands. Our intelligence culd initiate billins f years f pst-human evlutin (演化), even mre amazing than that which led t us. On the ther hand, humans culd cause bilgical, envirnmental r cyber catastrphes that freclse all this ptential.
If science is t save us, we need t think glbally, sensibly and lng-term—empwered by science, but guided by values that science alne can’t prvide.
1．Why des the authr mentin the tw trends in the first paragraph?
A．T reply t gvernments’ decisins.B．T shw scientists’ predictin ability.
C．T present a call fr scientific advances.D．T highlight the challenges t scientists.
2．Accrding t this passage, AI can ______.
A．put an end t climate changeB．make mass human emigratin pssible
C．speed up the cmpetitin in medical fieldsD．bring abut ptential threats frm big cmpanies
3．As fr the future, what des the authr agree with?
A．Pst-humans will repeat the histry f humans.
B．Cmplex intelligence will dminate the universe.
C．Fully artificial intelligences may inhabit uter space.
D．Nn-bilgical brains may invite unfreseen disasters.
4．Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Culd AI Save Us?B．Will Science Lead Evlutin?
C．Arc Space Adventurers Pineers?D．Is Cmplex Intelligence Cming?
1．C 2．D 3．C 4．A
【導語】本文是說明文。文章主要介紹隨著人工智能的發(fā)展，科學并不能完全拯救我們人類。我們需要從全球、理智和長期的角度進行思考——由科學賦予力量，但以科學本身無法提供的價值觀為指導。
1．推理判斷題。根據第一段“Scientists are pr frecasters f the future. But tw trends can be cnfidently predicted. First, the wrld will get mre crwded. There’ll be mre than 9 billin peple by 2050. Secnd, the wrld will get warmer and sme gvernments wn’t priritise the lng-term measures needed t deal with climate change, even thugh science ffers us a radmap t a lw-carbn future. (科學家對未來的預測能力很差。但有兩種趨勢是可以自信預測的。首先，世界將變得更加擁擠。到2050年，人口將超過90億。其次，世界將變暖，一些政府不會優(yōu)先考慮應對氣候變化所需的長期措施，盡管科學為我們提供了低碳未來的路線圖。)”和第二段“That’s why we shuld be prmters f new technlgy—withut it the wrld can’t prvide the fd and sustainable energy needed fr an expanding ppulatin. (這就是為什么我們應該成為新技術的推動者——沒有它，世界就無法為不斷增長的人口提供所需的糧食和可持續(xù)能源。)”可知，作者在第一段中提到這兩種趨勢是為了呼吁大家發(fā)展科學新技術。故選C。
2．推理判斷題。根據第三段“AI will undubtedly becme mre intrusive in the future. Recrds f ur mvements, health and financial transactins will be stred in the clud. The data may be used fr justifiable reasns, such as prtein flding and drug develpment, r t warn us f initial health risks, but its availability t Internet cmpanies is already shifting the balance f pwer frm gvernments t glbal-scale crpratins. (毫無疑問，人工智能在未來會變得更具侵入性。我們的行動、健康和財務交易記錄將存儲在云端中。這些數據可能被用于正當的原因，如蛋白質折疊和藥物開發(fā)，或者警告我們最初的健康風險，但互聯(lián)網公司可以使用這些數據，已經將權力平衡從政府轉移到全球規(guī)模的公司。)”可知，人工智能會使人類處于來自于全球規(guī)模的大公司的威脅。故選D。
3．推理判斷題。根據第六段“If pst-humans make the shift frm flesh and bld t fully artificial intelligences, they wn’t need an atmsphere f even gravity, s it’s in deep space — nt even n Mars that nn bilgical “brains” may develp pwers that we can’t imagine. They may end up being mentally different frm us. AI culd jump-start a huge emigratin and thus even mre cmplex intelligence spreads thrugh the universe. (如果后人類從血肉之軀轉變?yōu)橥耆斯ぶ悄?，他們將不需要一個引力均勻的大氣層，所以在深太空中——即使在火星上，非生物“大腦”也可能發(fā)展出我們無法想象的力量。他們最終可能會在精神上與我們不同。人工智能可能會引發(fā)巨大的移民潮，從而使越來越復雜的智能在宇宙中傳播。)”可知，作者認為完全人工智能可能存在于外層空間。故選C。
4．主旨大意題。根據最后一段“If science is t save us, we need t think glbally, sensibly and lng-term—empwered by science, but guided by values that science alne can’t prvide. (如果科學要拯救我們，我們需要從全球、理智和長期的角度進行思考——由科學賦予力量，但以科學本身無法提供的價值觀為指導。)”可知，本文主要介紹隨著人工智能的發(fā)展，科學并不能完全拯救我們人類。我們需要從全球、理智和長期的角度進行思考——由科學賦予力量，但以科學本身無法提供的價值觀為指導。故選A。
（2024上·北京東城·高三統(tǒng)考期末）When we’re slving a cmplicated prblem, we ften gather a grup t brainstrm. We’re lking t get the best ideas as quickly as pssible. I lve seeing it happen — except fr ne tiny wrinkle. Grup brainstrming usually backfires.
Extensive evidence shws that when we generate ideas tgether, we’re unlikely t maximize cllective intelligence. As the humurist Jhn Smith said, “If yu had t identify, in ne wrd, the reasn why the human race has nt achieved, and never will achieve, its full ptential, that wrd wuld be: ‘meetings’.” But the prblem isn’t meetings themselves — it’s hw we run them.
Think abut the brainstrming sessins yu’ve attended. Yu’ve prbably seen peple bite their tngues due t eg threat (“I dn’t want t lk stupid.”), nise (“We can’t all talk at nce.”), and cnfrmity pressure (“Let’s all jump n the bss’s ship!”). Gdbye diversity f thught, hell grupthink.
T unearth the hidden ptential in teams, instead f brainstrming, we’re better ff shifting t a prcess called “brainwriting”. The initial steps are sl. Yu start by asking everyne t generate ideas separately. Next, yu pl them and share them amng the grup. T preserve independent judgment, each member evaluates them n their wn. Only then des the team cme tgether t select and refine the mst prmising ptins. By develping and assessing ideas individually befre chsing them, teams can surface and advance pssibilities that might nt get attentin therwise.
Research by rganizatinal behaviur schlar Anita Wlley and her clleagues helps t explain why this methd wrks. They find that a key t cllective intelligence is full and fair participatin. In brainstrming meetings, it’s t easy fr participatin t becme lpsided in favur f the biggest egs, the ludest vices, and the mst pwerful peple. The brainwriting prcess makes sure that all ideas are brught t the table and all vice s are brught int the cnversatin. The gal isn’t t be the smartest persn in the rm — it’s t make the rm smarter.
Cllective intelligence begins with individual creativity. But it desn’t end there. Individuals prduce a greater vlume and variety f nvel ideas when they wrk alne. That means that they cme up with mre brilliant ideas than grups — but als mre terrible ideas than grups. It takes cllective judgment t find the signal in the nise and bring the best ideas t fruitin.
5．Bth Jhn Smith and the authr may agree that brainstrming meetings fail t ______.
A．assess humans ptentialB．simplify prblems quickly
C．accept pssible gd ideasD．get the mst ut f individuals
6．What des the underlined wrd “l(fā)psided” in Paragraph 5 mst prbably mean?
A．Infrmal.B．Unbalanced.C．Imprper.D．Unpleasant.
7．The authr writes this passage mainly t ______.
A．challenge a cnclusinB．make a cmparisn
C．advcate a practiceD．intrduce a research
5．D 6．B 7．C
【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了頭腦風暴會議不能最大限度地發(fā)揮個人的潛能，建議通過“頭腦寫作”來挖掘團隊中隱藏的潛力，并說明了這一方法有效的原因。
5．細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段“Extensive evidence shws that when we generate ideas tgether, we’re unlikely t maximize cllective intelligence. As the humurist Jhn Smith said, “If yu had t identify, in ne wrd, the reasn why the human race has nt achieved, and never will achieve, its full ptential, that wrd wuld be: ‘meetings’.”(大量證據表明，當我們一起產生想法時，我們不太可能最大化集體智慧。正如幽默作家約翰·史密斯所說：“如果你必須用一個詞來說明人類沒有、也永遠不會實現其全部潛力的原因，這個詞就是：‘會議’。”)”可知，約翰·史密斯和作者可能都同意，頭腦風暴會議不能最大限度地發(fā)揮個人的潛能。故選D。
6．詞句猜測題。根據倒數第二段“In brainstrming meetings, it’s t easy fr participatin t becme lpsidedin favur f the biggest egs, the ludest vices, and the mst pwerful peple. (在頭腦風暴會議中，參與很容易變得lpsided，有利于最自負、最響亮的聲音和最有權勢的人)”可知，頭腦風暴會議中，參與者很容易傾向于最自負、聲音最大和最有權勢的人，即變得不平衡。故劃線詞意思是“不平衡的”。故選B。
7．推理判斷題。根據第四段“T unearth the hidden ptential in teams, instead f brainstrming, we’re better ff shifting t a prcess called “brainwriting”. (為了挖掘團隊中隱藏的潛力，我們最好不要進行頭腦風暴，而是轉向一種叫做“頭腦寫作”的過程)”以及倒數第二段“Research by rganizatinal behaviur schlar Anita Wlley and her clleagues helps t explain why this methd wrks. (組織行為學學者安妮塔·伍利及其同事的研究有助于解釋這種方法為何有效)”結合文章主要說明了頭腦風暴會議不能最大限度地發(fā)揮個人的潛能，建議通過“頭腦寫作”來挖掘團隊中隱藏的潛力，并說明了這一方法有效的原因?？赏浦髡邔戇@篇文章主要是為了提倡一種做法。故選C。
（2024上·北京順義·高三統(tǒng)考期末）Brders, departments, r issue areas all represent what systems analysts call system bundaries. System bundaries divide the big, messy, intercnnected wrld int smaller subsystems. This is useful, even necessary. Our minds and ur cllective gvernance systems wuld be stuck if we had t always cnsider all the cnnectins f everything t everything else. But dividing systems int subsystems can smetimes break a natural cperativity. Fr instance, a decarbnizing cuntry will spend mney in its energy and transprtatin sectrs and save mney in its health system.
Decarbnizatin culd be a win fr the whle, but it might be experienced as a bther fr particular subsystems.
Dnella Meadws, the early systems mdeler, wrte that system bundaries are “l(fā)ines in the mind, nt in the wrld.” And that is actually gd news. If departments, and disciplines are just ideas, then there is nthing immvable abut them. We can make these brders less bvius and cnduct partnerships acrss them. We can even redraw them t include mre f what matters in a single prject r investment. That’s the premise f multislving — using ne investment f time r effrt t achieve several gals at nce.
Fr instance, Warm Up New Zealand (WUNZ) upgraded the energy efficiency f residential buildings and prvided jbs in the building sectr after a financial dwnturn. The prject resulted in better health fr residents, as well. That translated int health systems savings. Taken tgether, a 2011 study estimated that acrss all these benefits, the prject saved $3.90 fr every $1 invested.
Multislving seems pssible everywhere and like an bvius chice. Yet, it is very much the exceptin, nt the rule. Why is multislving still s rare when it has the pwer t bst prgress n sme f the mst urgent issues we face?
Unfamiliarity stands in the way, as des an ften-unexamined assumptin that making issues smaller makes them easier t address. We ften hear the viewpint, “I already wrk n pverty (r climate, etc.) and that’s hard enugh. Why shuld I add bidiversity r pllutin t the mix?” Fundraising fr crssing brders can be a struggle t. Funders want the “visible results” shwn, but they dn’t always see crssing brders as an essential part f achieving thse results.
It is easy t devalue and underemphasize cnnectin-building. After all, it can be delicate and nt always visible. But t realize gals in tday’s wrld, frm equitable plicies and lw-carbn facilities t values like cperatin and fairness, we d need deep shifts, and we need them sn. And facilitating the flw f ideas back and frth acrss brders is ne way t speed change.
8．As fr systems bundaries, the authr is ______.
A．criticalB．puzzledC．supprtiveD．uncncerned
9．What des the wrd “premise” underlined in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A．Predictin.B．Precnditin.C．Preventin.D．Presentatin.
10．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．Peple are familiar with multislving.
B．WUNZ perfrmed multislving successfully.
C．Raising mney helps t prduce visible results.
D．Multislving is widely used t address prblems.
11．Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Multislving: Hard t achieve sn
B．Multislving: Essential t slve small issues
C．Multislving: Cnducting partnership acrss brders
D．Multislving: Making systems whle, healthy, and sustainable
8．A 9．B 10．B 11．D
【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了多解決方案的必要性，即使系統(tǒng)完整、健康和可持續(xù)。
8．推理判斷題。由文章第一段中“System bundaries divide, the big, messy, intercnnected wrld int smaller subsystems. This is useful, even necessary. Our minds and ur cllective gvernance systems wuld be stuck if we had t always cnsider all the cnnectins f everything t everything else. But dividing systems int subsystems can smetimes break a natural cperativity. (系統(tǒng)邊界劃分。龐大、混亂、相互聯(lián)系的世界變成了更小的子系統(tǒng)。這是有用的，甚至是必要的。如果我們必須總是考慮所有事物與其他事物之間的聯(lián)系，我們的思想和我們的集體治理系統(tǒng)就會被卡住。但是將系統(tǒng)劃分為子系統(tǒng)有時會破壞自然的協(xié)作性)”可知，作者認為系統(tǒng)邊界劃分是有用的，甚至是必要的，但是將系統(tǒng)劃分為子系統(tǒng)有時會破壞自然的協(xié)作性，所以作者的態(tài)度是批判性的。故選A。
9．詞句猜測題。由文章第三段中“We can even redraw them t include mre f what matters in a single prject r investment. (我們甚至可以重新繪制它們，以便在單個項目或投資中包含更多重要的內容)”以及“using ne investment f time r effrt t achieve several gals at nce (使用一次時間或精力的投入來同時實現多個目標)”可知，使用一次時間或精力的投入來同時實現多個目標，這是多重解決的前提。A. Predictin預測；B. Precnditin前提條件；C. Preventin預防；D. Presentatin介紹。故選B。
10．推理判斷題。由文章第四段中“Fr instance, Warm Up New Zealand (WUNZ) upgraded the energy efficiency f residential buildings and prvided jbs in the building sectr after a financial dwnturn. The prject resulted in better health fr residents, as well. That translated int health systems savings. Taken tgether, a 2011 study estimated that acrss all these benefits, the prject saved $3. 90 fr every $1 invested. (例如，Warm Up New Zealand (WUNZ)提升了住宅建筑的能源效率，并在金融危機后為建筑行業(yè)提供了就業(yè)機會。該項目還改善了居民的健康狀況。這轉化為衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)的節(jié)省。2011年的一項研究估計，綜合所有這些好處，該項目節(jié)省了3美元。每1美元投資90美元)”可知，WUNZ成功執(zhí)行了多重解決方案。故選B。
11．主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是由文章第一段中“But dividing systems int subsystems can smetimes break a natural cperativity. (但是將系統(tǒng)劃分為子系統(tǒng)有時會破壞自然的協(xié)作性)”、第三段中“We can make these brders less bvius and cnduct partnerships acrss them.We can even redraw them t include mre f what matters in a single prject r investment. That’s the premise f multislving—using ne investment f time r effrt t achieve several gals at nce. (我們可以使這些邊界不那么明顯，并在它們之間開展伙伴關系。我們甚至可以重新繪制它們，以便在單個項目或投資中包含更多重要的內容。這是多重解決的前提——使用一次時間或精力的投入來同時實現多個目標)”、第五段中“Multislving seems pssible everywhere and like an bvius chice. (多重解法似乎在任何地方都是可行的，是一個顯而易見的選擇)”、最后一段“It is easy t devalue and underemphasize cnnectin-building. After all, it can be delicate and nt always visible. But t realize gals in tday’s wrld, frm equitable plicies and lw-carbn facilities t values like cperatin and fairness, we d need deep shifts, and we need them sn. And facilitating the flw f ideas back and frth acrss brders is ne way t speed change. (人們很容易低估和低估建立聯(lián)系的重要性。畢竟，它可以是微妙的，并不總是可見的。但要實現當今世界的目標，從公平的政策和低碳設施，到合作和公平等價值觀，我們確實需要深刻的轉變，而且需要盡快。促進思想的跨境流動是加速變革的一種方式)”可知，本文主要介紹了多解決方案的必要性，即使系統(tǒng)完整、健康和可持續(xù)。故選D。
（2024上·北京西城·高三統(tǒng)考期末）The release f ChatGPT has caused mre than a little wrry abut its ability t prduce credible pieces f writing. “The Cllege Essay Is Dead, ” sme peple declared. That’s unlikely. There are bvius wrkarunds. Fr example, students wuldn’t benefit frm ChatGPT if they were required t write ut essays by hand.
A return t handwritten essays culd benefit students in a way. Fr instance, neurscience research has revealed that the act f handwriting is very different frm punching letters n a keybard. Handwriting requires precise mtr skills that stimulate greater activity in a brader grup f brain regins when cmpared with typing and engage the brain in ways that researchers have linked t learning and memry imprvements. Handwriting frces thse areas respnsible fr memry and learning t cmmunicate with each ther, which helps frm netwrks that facilitate the recall and acquisitin f new infrmatin.
Much f the research has fcused n children r yunger students. But there’s evidence that, even fr lder students and adults, cmpleting assignments in lnghand is a mre cgnitively (認知地) invlved prcess, leading t better prcessing f ideas and mre riginal wrk. Meanwhile, research n freign-language learners has fund that handwriting is assciated with imprvements in sme measure f accuracy and cmprehensin. Handwriting requires yu t put a filter n what yu’re prducing in a way that typing desn’t. When yu’re writing by hand, yu need t knw what yu want t say befre yu begin. If yu dn’t, yu’ll have t crss things ut r start ver. Typing n a cmputer requires far less frethught. It is less challenging fr the brain-and challenging the brain is central t educatin itself.
A return t handwritten essays wuldn’t be easy n teachers, wh might have t reduce the length f assignments r allcate (分配) extra class time fr cmpletin. They’d als have the burden f reading text that wasn’t neatly turned ut by a wrd prcessr. But sme might find all that preferable t being cnstantly suspicius (猜疑的) that they’re being utsmarted by a cmputer prgram.
When health issues frced the German philspher Friedrich Nietzsche t abandn his pen in favr f a typewriter, a change ccurred in his writing style, which ne schlar later described as a departure frm “sustained argument and prlnged reflectin” t a “telegram style. ” Our writing tls wrk n ur thughts. Ensuring that tday’s students have mre than ne writing tl might pay ff in ways experts are nly beginning t grasp. ChatGPT and ther AI-pwered technlgies will win nly if we agree t play n their hme territry.
16．Hw can handwriting benefit students?
A．It enhances brain engagement.
B．It guarantees accurate cmprehensin.
C．It creates netwrks fr cmmunicatin.
D．It facilitates the assessment f infrmatin.
17．What des the underlined phrase “put a filter n” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．Carefully screen.B．Passively accept.
C．Objectively assess.D．Gradually discver.
18．What factr may lead teachers t resist the idea f handwritten assignments?
A．The risk f weakened cncentratin.
B．The fear f being utsmarted by AI.
C．The truble f marking untidy wrk.
D．The cntent f handwritten essays.
19．Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Cllege educatin will be refrmed by ChatGPT
B．Handwriting will replace typing due t ChatGPT
C．Handwritten essays can help teachers defeat ChatGPT
D．Cllege teachers return t lnghand t battle ChatGPT
16．A 17．A 18．C 19．C
【導語】本文為一篇說明文。ChatGPT的發(fā)布引起了人們對其撰寫可信文章的能力的擔憂，在某種程度上，手寫論文的回歸可能對學生有益，這有助于老師打敗ChatGPT。
16．細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第二段“Handwriting requires precise mtr skills that stimulate greater activity in a brader grup f brain regins when cmpared with typing and engage the brain in ways that researchers have linked t learning and memry imprvements.(手寫需要精確的運動技能，與打字相比，它能在更廣泛的大腦區(qū)域激發(fā)更大的活動，并以研究人員認為與學習和記憶改善有關的方式調動大腦)”可知，書寫能增強大腦的參與。故選A項。
17．詞義猜測題。根據劃線詞前文“Meanwhile, research n freign-language learners has fund that handwriting is assciated with imprvements in sme measure f accuracy and cmprehensin. Handwriting requires yu…(與此同時，對外語學習者的研究發(fā)現，書寫與提高某種程度的準確性和理解力有關。書寫要求你……)”及后文“in a way that typing desn’t. When yu’re writing by hand, yu need t knw what yu want t say befre yu begin. If yu dn’t, yu’ll have t crss things ut r start ver. Typing n a cmputer requires far less frethught.(在某種程度上，打字是做不到的。當你手寫的時候，你需要在開始之前知道你想說什么。如果你不這樣做，你將不得不劃掉一些東西或重新開始。在電腦上打字需要的預見性要少得多)”可知，書寫要求在寫之前要想清楚，而打字是不需要的，put a filter n與carefully screen意思相近，意思為：仔細篩選，過濾。故選A項。
18．細節(jié)理解題。根據文章倒數第二段“A return t handwritten essays wuldn’t be easy n teachers, wh might have t reduce the length f assignments r allcate extra class time fr cmpletin. They’d als have the burden f reading text that wasn’t neatly turned ut by a wrd prcessr.(對老師來說，回到手寫論文的時代并不容易，他們可能不得不減少作業(yè)的長度或分配額外的課堂時間來完成作業(yè)。他們還得負擔閱讀文字處理軟件處理得不整齊的文本)”可知，老師們抵制手寫作業(yè)的想法可能是因為給不整齊的作業(yè)做標記太麻煩。故選C項。
19．主旨大意題。根據文章第一段“The release f ChatGPT has caused mre than a little wrry abut its ability t prduce credible pieces f writing.(ChatGPT的發(fā)布引起了人們對其撰寫可信文章的能力的擔憂)”；文章第二段“A return t handwritten essays culd benefit students in a way.(在某種程度上，手寫論文的回歸可能對學生有益)”；文章倒數第二段“But sme might find all that preferable t being cnstantly suspicius that they’re being utsmarted by a cmputer prgram.(但有些人可能會發(fā)現，這一切都比一直懷疑自己被電腦程序打敗要好)”和文章最后一段“Our writing tls wrk n ur thughts. Ensuring that tday’s students have mre than ne writing tl might pay ff in ways experts are nly beginning t grasp. ChatGPT and ther AI-pwered technlgies will win nly if we agree t play n their hme territry.(我們的寫作工具作用于我們的思想。確保今天的學生擁有不止一種寫作工具，可能會以專家們剛剛開始掌握的方式獲得回報。只有當我們同意在ChatGPT和其他人工智能技術的主場比賽時，它們才會獲勝)”及全文內容可知，本文介紹了手寫論文比起用ChatGPT來創(chuàng)作論文的好處，文章鼓勵學生用手寫論文，C項“手寫論文可以幫助老師打敗ChatGPT”符合本文主旨，適合作為最佳標題。故選C項。
（2024上·北京順義·高三統(tǒng)考期末）I lve a grup text—a grext, if yu’ll permit me—but lately, the huge number f them cmpeting fr my attentin has felt ut f cntrl. By the time I wake up, the ntificatins have already started rlling in; as I’m ging t bed, they’re still cming. In between, I try t keep up, but all it takes is ne 30-minute meeting befre I’ve smehw gtten 100 new messages. I scrll up and up, trying t find where I left ff, like I’ve lst my place in a bk that keeps getting lnger.
Fr better r fr wrse, we might be in the Age f the Grup Chat. One study fund that less than 2 percent f participants had nly ne-n-ne chats n scial media. 42 percent said that grup chats can feel like a part-time jb. Other studies have fund that grup chats can cntribute t grup bnd and shared fun. A grup text can be like a reminder that yu’re part f smething. Sme researchers call this “ambient virtual presence”: Even when yu’re alne, yu’re nt alne. This is like bats and dlphins prducing a cntinuus sund and use the resulting ech (回聲) t sense what’s arund them.
But taking in t many signals can create a “waterfall type f effect,” where messages keep flding in and adding up. Eventually, yu’re underwater. Adding t the disrder, withut a standard rule, peple have very different ideas abut grup nrm and what degree f respnsiveness is required—which can cause real tensin.
Fear f that tensin can make wrdless r even leaving a chat feel dispiriting. And anyway, yu might nt want t miss ut. The desire isn’t t exit the rm s much as t break a windw. If grup messaging is like echlcatin, then discnnecting means lst.
Ultimately, mst f us d want cnnectin, even if it invlves sme duties; we’ll take quantities f messages when we’re busy if it means we can reach ut when we’re hurting. A general advice is t give up grexts that are carrying n but that dn’t really interest yu. But when yu can’t, yu’ll just have t accept that belnging takes sme effrt. That’s the nature f relatinships, right?
20．The authr uses his experience in Paragraph 1 t _______.
A．intrduce the tpicB．predict the ending
C．highlight an pininD．illustrate an argument
21．What can be inferred frm Paragraph 2?
A．Lnely peple prefer grup chats.B．Bats and dlphins have grup chats.
C．Grup chats ffer a sense f belnging.D．Grup chats create a few part-time jbs.
22．What des the writer intend t tell us?
A．Grup chat needs a standard rule.
B．Grup chat gives us mre fear than jy.
C．Grup chat helps prmte strng cnnectin.
D．Grup chat is just a way t maintain relatinships.
20．A 21．C 22．D
【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了群發(fā)短信的原因和影響，以及人們應該怎樣處理這種情況。
20．推理判斷題。由文章第一段“I lve a grup text—a grext, if yu’ll permit me—but lately, the huge number f them cmpeting fr my attentin has felt ut f cntrl. By the time I wake up, the ntificatins have already started rlling in; as I’m ging t bed, they’re still cming. In between, I try t keep up, but all it takes is ne 30-minute meeting befre I’ve smehw gtten 100 new messages. I scrll up and up, trying t find where I left ff, like I’ve lst my place in a bk that keeps getting lnger. (我喜歡群發(fā)短信——如果你允許的話，我很喜歡群發(fā)短信——但最近，大量群發(fā)短信爭奪我的注意力讓我感覺失去了控制。當我醒來的時候，通知已經開始滾滾而來。就在我上床睡覺的時候，它們還在來。在此期間，我試著跟上進度，但只需要開一個30分鐘的會，我就能收到100條新信息。我向上滾動，試圖找到我停下來的地方，就像我在一本越來越長的書中失去了我的位置。)”可知，作者利用他在第一段中的經驗介紹本文話題。故選A。
21．推理判斷題。由文章第二段“Fr better r fr wrse, we might be in the Age f the Grup Chat. One study fund that less than 2 percent f participants had nly ne-n-ne chats n scial media. 42 percent said that grup chats can feel like a part-time jb. Other studies have fund that grup chats can cntribute t grup bnd and shared fun. A grup text can be like a reminder that yu’re part f smething. Sme researchers call this “ambient virtual presence”: Even when yu’re alne, yu’re nt alne. This is like bats and dlphins prducing a cntinuus sund and use the resulting ech (回聲) t sense what’s arund them. (不管是好是壞，我們可能正處于群聊時代。一項研究發(fā)現，只有不到2%的參與者只在社交媒體上進行一對一的聊天。42%的人表示，群聊感覺就像一份兼職工作。其他研究發(fā)現，群聊可以促進群體聯(lián)系，分享樂趣。群短信可以提醒你，你是某個群體的一部分。一些研究人員稱之為“環(huán)境虛擬存在”：即使你獨自一人，你也不孤單。這就像蝙蝠和海豚發(fā)出連續(xù)的聲音，并利用所產生的回聲來感知周圍的事物。)”可知，從第2段可以推斷出群聊提供了一種歸屬感。故選C。
22．推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中“Ultimately, mst f us d want cnnectin, even if it invlves sme duties; we’ll take quantities f messages when we’re busy if it means we can reach ut when we’re hurting. A general advice is t give up grexts that are carrying n but that dn’t really interest yu. But when yu can’t, yu’ll just have t accept that belnging takes sme effrt. That’s the nature f relatinships, right? (最終，我們大多數人都想要聯(lián)系，即使這涉及到一些責任；當我們很忙的時候，我們會接受大量的信息，如果這意味著我們可以在受傷的時候伸出援手。一般的建議是放棄那些正在進行但你并不真正感興趣的群聊。但當你做不到的時候，你就不得不接受歸屬感需要一些努力。這就是關系的本質，對吧？)”可知，作者想要告訴我們群聊只是維持關系的一種方式。故選D。
（2024上·北京房山·高三統(tǒng)考期末）A quick increase f dpamine (多巴胺) shifts mice int a dreamy stage f sleep. In the mice’s brains, the chemical messenger triggers rapid-eye-mvement sleep, r REM, researchers reprt in the March 4 Science.
These new results are sme f the first t shw a trigger fr the shifts. Understanding these transitins in mre detail culd ultimately pint t ways t treat sleep disrders in peple.
Certain nerve cells in the ventral tegmental area f the muse brain can pump ut dpamine, a mlecule that has been linked t pleasure, mvement and learning, which is then delivered dpamine t the amygdalae, tw almnd-shaped structures deep in the brain that are clsely tied t emtins.
Using a mlecular sensr that can tell exactly when and where dpamine is released, the researchers saw that dpamine levels rse in the amygdalae just befre mice shifted frm nn-REM sleep t REM sleep.
Next, the researchers frced the mice int the REM phase by cntrlling thse dpamine-prducing nerve cells using lasers and genetic techniques. Cmpelled with light, the nerve cells released dpamine in the amygdalae while mice were in nn-REM sleep. The mice then shifted int REM sleep sner than they typically did, after an average f abut tw minutes cmpared with abut eight minutes fr mice that weren’t prmpted t release dpamine. Stimulating these cells every half hur increased the mice’s ttal amunt f REM sleep.
Additinal experiments suggest that these dpamine-making nerve cells may als be invlved in aspects f narclepsy (嗜睡癥). A sudden lss f muscle tne, called cataplexy, shares features with REM sleep and can accmpany narclepsy. Stimulating these dpamine-making nerve cells while mice were awake caused the mice t stp mving and fall directly int REM sleep.
The results help clarify a trigger fr REM in mice; whether a similar thing happens in peple isn’t knwn. Earlier studies have fund that nerve cells in peple’s amygdalae are active during REM sleep.
Many questins remain. Drugs that change dpamine levels in peple dn’t seem t have big effects n REM sleep and cataplexy. But these drugs affect the whle brain, and it’s pssible that they are just nt selective enugh.
23．What can we learn frm this passage?
A．Peple with sleep disrders culd benefit frm the research.
B．Dpamine is generated in tw almnd-shaped structures.
C．Dpamine levels rse after mice shifted t REM sleep.
D．An increase f dpamine can trigger REM in peple.
24．The underlined wrd “they” in the last paragraph refers t ______.
A．the entire brain
B．REM sleep and cataplexy
C．drugs affecting dpamine levels
D．peple suffering frm sleep disrders
25．What is the main purpse f the passage?
A．T intrduce tw stages f sleep f all animals.
B．T explain dpamine as a trigger fr REM in mice.
C．T present a new way t cure sleep disrders in peple.
D．T prpse a pineer research interest in brain structure.
23．A 24．C 25．B
【導語】本文是一片說明文。主要解釋了多巴胺如何成為小鼠REM睡眠的觸發(fā)器，并研究表明這可能有助于理解和治療人類的睡眠障礙。
23．推理判斷題。根據第二段中“Understanding these transitins in mre de tail culd ultimately pint t ways t treat sleep disrders in peple. (更多地了解這些轉變，最終可以指出治療人們睡眠障礙的方法。)”可知，了解這種轉變的細節(jié)可能最終會為治療人類的睡眠障礙提供方法，即患有睡眠障礙的人可以從這項研究中受益。故選A項。
24．詞義猜測題。根據最后一段中“Drugs that change dpamine levels in peple dn’t seem t have big effects n REM sleep and cataplexy. But these drugs affect the whle brain, and it’s pssible that they are just nt selective enugh. (改變人體多巴胺水平的藥物似乎對快速眼動睡眠和猝倒沒有太大影響。但這些藥物會影響整個大腦，而且它們可能只是選擇性不夠。)”可知，they指代的是影響多巴胺水平的藥物，故選C項。
25．推理判斷題。根據文章第一段“A quick increase f dpamine (多巴胺) shifts mice int a dreamy stage f sleep. In the mice’s brains, the chemical messenger triggers rapid-eye-mvement sleep, r REM, researchers reprt in the March 4 Science. (多巴胺的快速增加使小鼠進入夢幻般的睡眠階段。研究人員在3月4日的《科學》雜志上報告說，在小鼠的大腦中，化學信使會觸發(fā)快速眼動睡眠（REM）。)”及第二段“These new results are sme f the first t shw a trigger fr the shifts. (這些新結果是最早顯示轉變觸發(fā)因素的。)”可知，文章的主要目的是解釋多巴胺如何成為小鼠REM睡眠的觸發(fā)器因素，故選B項。
（2024上·北京昌平·高三統(tǒng)考期末）Drught is an increasing prblem in ur warming wrld. All cntinents have been experiencing mre extended perids withut rain, leading t frest fires and pr crp grwth. Cnsequently, peple are lking at clud seeding t slve the prblem — a methd f encuraging precipitatin (降水) by sending small particles f certain chemicals int cluds.
Clud-seeding expert Arlen Huggins has been studying its effectiveness. “My earliest experience was t use clud seeding t reduce the amunt f hail (冰雹) in nrtheast Clrad. We didn’t have any luck with that, but we had success later n in increasing snwfall in Utah. Nw, the fcus is shifting twards increasing rainfall frm summer cluds, which is far mre unpredictable.” said he.
The prblem is that it’s pretty hard t knw whether precipitatin resulted directly frm clud seeding. It might have rained r snwed anyway. Even if yu clud seed in ne place and dn’t in anther, it’s impssible t knw fr sure what caused the precipitatin. Als, it’s nt during fggy and snwy cnditins that peple think f increasing the chance f rainfall. When a cuntry is hit by drught, then clud seeding isn’t an ptin due t the lack f cluds. During drught, skies tend t be clear with few cluds. The best ptin t prevent drught is t seed at times f the year when rainfall levels are nrmal r higher. That way, slightly mre rain can be stred the dry seasn.
As clud seeding is expensive and its effectiveness tenuus, its usefulness is still a matter f pinin. University f Clrad researcher Katja Friedrich says clud seeding can’t end a drught. Hwever, it can be beneficial, prvided it ccurs alngside ther water cnservatin strategies. Still, fr that t happen, the water wuld need t be captured and stred effectively.
There are als envirnmental issues regarding the impact f clud seeding. At high levels, the chemicals sent int the cluds can harm humans and ther animals, and sme studies have fund them slightly pisnus. Apart frm that, sme envirnmentalists are cncerned abut the lng-term impacts, as there isn’t data n hw much thse chemicals accumulate (累積) in the envirnment ver 10 years.
Anther fear is that clud seeding culd ptentially steal water frm neighburing areas by encuraging the water in cluds that wuld therwise fall smewhere else t fall in yur lcatin. If ne cuntry uses clud seeding t create rain, a neighburing cuntry will als be very likely t lse ut because cluds are cnstantly frming and refrming.
26．In Huggins’ study, at first clud seeding was used t .
A．increase annual snwfall in Utah
B．send chemicals int summer cluds
C．lwer the amunt f hail in Clrad
D．put ut frest fires and help crps grw
27．What des the underlined wrd tenuus in the furth paragraph prbably mean?
A．Negative.B．Weak.C．Surprising.D．Varius.
28．What’s the best title f the passage?
A．Shuld we seed cluds t make rain?
B．Shuld we seed cluds at a lwer price?
C．Can clud seeding help end a drught?
D．Can clud seeding be mre ec-friendly?
26．C 27．B 28．A
【導語】本文是一篇說明文。本文主要討論了干旱成為全球變暖環(huán)境下的一個嚴重問題，而“人工降雨”被認為是解決干旱問題的一種方法。然而，人工降雨的效果難以確定，并且存在環(huán)境問題和水資源分配問題。因此，雖然云霧處理可能會在一些條件下對緩解干旱有一定益處，但其實用性和可行性仍有待討論。
26．細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段中“My earliest experience was t use clud seeding t reduce the amunt f hail (冰雹) in nrtheast Clrad. We didn’t have any luck with that, but we had success later n in increasing snwfall in Utah. (我最早的經驗是在科羅拉多東北部使用人工降雨來減少冰雹的數量。我們沒有任何運氣，但后來我們成功地在猶他州增加了降雪量。)”可知，Huggins的研究中，人工降雨最初是被用來減少科羅拉多冰雹的數量。故選C。
27．詞句猜測題。根據前文“As clud seeding is expensive (因為人工降雨是昂貴的)”以及劃線詞后面的內容“its usefulness is still a matter f pinin. (它的用處仍然是一個意見問題。)”可知，此處強調人工降雨是昂貴的即人工降雨的缺點，劃線詞應該表述人工降雨效果不佳的特征，才能與前文構成并列，由此引發(fā)人們對其用處的爭議。B選項“Weak(微弱的，無影響力的)”與劃線詞為同義詞。故選B。
28．主旨大意題。結合倒數第二段“There are als envirnmental issues regarding the impact f clud seeding. At high levels, the chemicals sent int the cluds can harm humans and ther animals, and sme studies have fund them slightly pisnus. Apart frm that, sme envirnmentalists are cncerned abut the lng-term impacts, as there isn’t data n hw much thse chemicals accumulate (累積) in the envirnment ver 10 years.(此外，人工降雨還會對環(huán)境造成影響。高濃度的化學物質會對人類和其他動物造成傷害，一些研究發(fā)現它們有輕微的毒性。除此之外，一些環(huán)保主義者擔心長期影響，因為沒有數據表明這些化學物質在10年內在環(huán)境中積累了多少。)”和最后一段“Anther fear is that clud seeding culd ptentially steal water frm neighburing areas by encuraging the water in cluds that wuld therwise fall smewhere else t fall in yur lcatin. If ne cuntry uses clud seeding t create rain, a neighburing cuntry will als be very likely t lse ut because cluds are cnstantly frming and refrming.(另一個擔憂是，人工降雨可能會促使原本會落在其他地方的云中的水落到你所在的位置，從而潛在地從鄰近地區(qū)竊取水分。如果一個國家使用人工降雨，其鄰國也很可能會損失，因為云在不斷形成和變化。)”，再通讀全文，本文主要討論了干旱成為全球變暖環(huán)境下的一個嚴重問題，而“人工降雨”被認為是解決干旱問題的一種方法。然而，人工降雨的效果難以確定，并且存在環(huán)境問題和水資源分配問題。因此，雖然云霧處理可能會在一些條件下對緩解干旱有一定益處，但其實用性和可行性仍有待討論。A選項“Shuld we seed cluds t make rain?( 我們應該使用人工降雨嗎？)”概括文章主要內容，符合標題。故選A。
（2024上·北京豐臺·高三統(tǒng)考期末）T Much Infrmatin
Cmputer hackers, in rder t get mre secret infrmatin, cnstantly imprve at breaking int cyberdefenses (網絡防御系統(tǒng)) t steal valuable dcuments. S sme researchers prpse using an artificial-intelligence algrithm (算法) t hpelessly cnfuse them, nce they break in, by hiding the real deal in a muntain f misleading dcuments and infrmatin.
The algrithm, called Wrd Embedding-based Fake Online Repsitry Generatin Engine (WE-FORGE), creates decys f patents under develpment. If hackers were after, say, the recipe fr a new drug, they wuld have t find the relevant needle in a sea f false dcuments. This culd mean checking each recipe in detail-and perhaps investing in a few dead-end nes. “The name f the game here is, ‘Make it harder, ” explains V. S Subrahmanian, its develper, Dartmuth Cllege Cyber Security researcher. “Pain thse stealing frm yu. ”
Subrahmanian says he tackled this prject after reading that cmpanies are unaware f new kinds f cyberattacks fr an average f 312 days after they begin. “Hackers have almst a year t decamp with all ur dcuments, patents and intellectual prperty, ”he says. “They have stlen almst everything. It’s nt just the crwn jewels-it’s the crwn jewels, and the jewels f the cleaning lady, and the watch f the secretary!”
The dcuments prduced by WE-FORGE culd als act as hidden traps t cnfuse hackers, says Rachel Tbac, CEO f ScialPrf Security. These dcuments might alert security when accessed. Cmpanies have typically used human-created false cpies fr this strategy. But nw the algrithm is able t d that fr us.
The system prduces cnvincing traps by searching thrugh a dcument fr key wrds. Fr each ne it finds, it calculates a list f related cncepts and replaces the riginal term with ne chsen at randm. The prcess can prduce dzens f dcuments that cntain n patent infrmatin but still lk credible. Subrahmanian and his team asked cmputer science and chemistry graduates t evaluate real and false patents frm their respective fields. And the humans fund the WE-FORGE-created dcuments highly believable.
WE-FORGE might eventually expand its bundary. Bth Subrahmanian and Tbac think this research will attract cmmercial interest. “I culd definitely see an rganizatin investing in this type f prduct, ” Tbac says. “If this creates believable decys withut releasing sensitive details within thse traps, then I think yu’ve gt a huge with there. ”
29．What des the underlined wrd “decys” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A．Misleading dcuments.
B．Original terms.
C．Cmputer perating systems.
D．Cyber securities.
30．In Paragraph 3, what Subrahmanian says indicates ______.
A．the greediness f hackers
B．the wealth f the cmpanies
C．the unreliability f the netwrk
D．the variety f intellectual prperty
31．What can we learn abut WE-FORGE?
A．It will sund alarm upn being perated.
B．It is prfitable fr the users by aviding their lss.
C．It has attracted investrs fr its applicatin in many fields.
D．It can cmpse irrelevant cncepts in the false dcuments.
29．A 30．A 31．B
【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一種人工智能算法(WE-FORGE)，該算法能夠產生黑客盜取文件的偽造文件，將真實文件隱藏在堆積如山的偽造文件中，從而迷惑黑客，避免用戶的損失。
29．詞義猜測題。根據文章第二段“If hackers were after, say, the recipe fr a new drug, they wuld have t find the relevant needle in a sea f false dcuments. (比如說，如果黑客在尋找一種新藥的配方，他們將不得不在虛假文件中大海撈針)”可知，該算法(WE-FORGE)能夠產生黑客盜取文件的偽造文件，將真實文件隱藏在堆積如山的偽造文件中，混淆視聽，故劃線詞指的是那些誤導黑客的文件。故選A項。
30．推理判斷題。根據文章第三段““Hackers have almst a year t decamp with all ur dcuments, patents and intellectual prperty, ”he says. “They have stlen almst everything. It’s nt just the crwn jewels-it’s the crwn jewels, and the jewels f the cleaning lady, and the watch f the secretary!”(他說：“黑客有將近一年的時間帶著我們所有的文件、專利和知識產權潛逃。他們幾乎偷走了所有東西。不僅是皇冠上的珠寶，還有皇冠上的寶石，還有清潔女工的珠寶，以及秘書的手表！”)”可知，Subrahmanian的話表明黑客無所不偷，非常貪婪。故選A項。
31．推理判斷題。根據文章第四段“The dcuments prduced by WE-FORGE culd als act as hidden traps t cnfuse hackers, says Rachel Tbac, CEO f ScialPrf Security. These dcuments might alert security when accessed. Cmpanies have typically used human-created false cpies fr this strategy. But nw the algrithm is able t d that fr us.(ScialPrf Security首席執(zhí)行官Rachel Tbac表示，WE-FORGE制作的文件也可能成為迷惑黑客的隱藏陷阱。訪問這些文檔時，可能會向安全部門發(fā)出警報。公司通常使用人為創(chuàng)建的虛假副本來實現這一策略。但現在算法能夠為我們做到這一點)”可知，WE-FORGE制作的文件可以迷惑黑客，避免用戶的損失，這對于用戶來說是有益的。故選B項。
（2024上·北京昌平·高三統(tǒng)考期末）What des it mean t be intelligent? If it’s defined by having the biggest brain, then sperm whales—whse brain is 20 punds—wuld be the brightest creatures n Earth. But, mre likely, intelligence is what gives an rganism the best chance t survive in an envirnment. Language may be ne f the best ways t demnstrate that kind f smarts. Thugh all animals can cmmunicate with thers, humans are ne f the few species t have a spken language. Using speech, we culd share cmplex ideas, pass knwledge thrugh generatins, and create cmmunities. Whether spken language actually helped us evlve (進化) as species int mre advanced beings, hwever, has never really been tested.
“Language allwing humans t be a mre advanced species is an assumptin that smebdy came up with ne day withut really trying t prve it,” says Erich Jarvis, a prfessr wh studies the neurbilgy f vcal learning.
But Jarvis and his clleagues were able t examine this assumptin with the help f sngbirds. Jarvis’ new study prvides sme f the first evidence that vcal learning—ne f the crucial cmpnents fr a spken language—is assciated with prblem-slving. Vcal learning is the ability t prduce new sunds by imitating (模仿) thers, relying n experience rather than instinct.
T get a better grasp f vcal learning and cgnitin (認知), the study authrs turned t sngbirds. The team perfrmed seven cgnitive experiments n 214 sngbirds frm 23 different species. Of these, 21 species were caught frm the wild. Tw sngbirds studied are dmesticated. The behaviral tests examined the birds’ prblem slving, fr instance by figuring ut hw t remve an bject t access the fd reward. The researchers als tested tw ther skills ften assciated with intelligence: learning by assciatin, plus what’s called reversal (倒轉的) learning, in which an animal adjusts its behavir t get a reward. They then lked at whether being vcal learners helped develp the three skills, cmparing 21 bird species t tw thers, which were vcal nn-learners.
The bilgists nticed a strng relatinship between vcal learning and prblem-slving skills. Vcal learning bird species culd cme up with innvative ideas, such as getting seeds, r a wrm trapped under a cup by remving the bstacle r pulling it apart. All three abilities—prblem slving, assciative learning, and reversal learning—are typically cnsidered “cmpnents f intelligence,” he says.
Brain size was anther benefit t vcal learning that may have supprted these prblem-slving abilities. The 21 vcal-learning species had slightly larger brains, relative t their bdy size, than the tw wh weren’t. Jarvis says it’s pssible these big-headed birds packed mre neurns.
One questin left unanswered is why there’s such a strng relatinship between prblem-slving abilities and vcal learning. The brain areas in charge f vcal learning are nt the same nes that get activated when we need t trublesht an issue, says Jarvis.
32．The purpse f the first paragraph is t ______.
A．prmte a new theryB．ffer an example
C．present an assumptinD．make a cntrast
33．Why des Jarvis carry ut the study?
A．T examine the prblem-slving ability f sngbirds.
B．T prve the significance f vcal learning t humans.
C．T illustrate the influence f brain size n vcal learning.
D．T test the relatin between vcal learning and intelligence.
34．What d we knw frm the study n sngbirds?
A．Advanced species have better prblem-slving ability.
B．Vcal learners have a better develpment f intelligence.
C．Better prblem-slving ability leads t bigger brain size.
D．Humans and sngbirds are bth gd at vcal learning.
35．We can infer that future study will fcus n ________.
A．why humans’ prblem-slving abilities develp better
B．hw ther abilities are cnnected t sngbirds’ intelligence
C．hw prblem-slving and vcal learning brain areas are related
D．why vcal learning differences exist in varius sngbirds species
32．C 33．D 34．B 35．C
【分析】這是一篇說明文。介紹了聲樂學習對于智力發(fā)展有積極的促進作用。
32．推理判斷題。根據文章第一段第一句“What des it mean t be intelligent?(聰明意味著什么？)”以及文章第一段第三句“Language may be ne f the best ways t demnstrate that kind f smarts.(語言可能是展示這種智慧的最佳方式之一。)”還有文章第一段最后一句“Whether spken language actually helped us evlve (進化) as species int mre advanced beings, hwever, has never really been tested.(語言是否真的幫助我們進化，然而，作為一個物種，進化成更先進的生物，從未真正經過測試。)”可知，作者提出了一個問題“聰明是什么”？之后作者認為語言最能說明聰明與否。所以作者提出了一個假設，語言是否真的幫助我們進化，是否是證明聰明的最佳方式之一，但這個假設還有待驗證。故選C項。
33．細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第三段第二句“Jarvis’ new study prvides sme f the first evidence that vcal learning—ne f the crucial cmpnents fr a spken language—is assciated with prblem-slving.(賈維斯的新研究提供了一些初步證據，證明聲樂學習——口語的關鍵組成部分之一——與解決問題有關。)”可知，賈維斯執(zhí)行這項研究是因為他想驗證聲樂學習是否和智慧相關。故選D項。
34．細節(jié)理解題。文章第五段“The bilgists nticed a strng relatinship between vcal learning and prblem-slving skills. Vcal learning bird species culd cme up with innvative ideas, such as getting seeds, r a wrm trapped under a cup by remving the bstacle r pulling it apart. All three abilities—prblem slving, assciative learning, and reversal learning—are typically cnsidered “cmpnents f intelligence,” he says.(生物學家們注意到聲樂學習和解決問題的能力之間有著密切的關系。聲樂學習鳥類可以想出創(chuàng)新的想法，比如通過移除障礙物或將其拉開來獲得種子，或者將蠕蟲困在杯子下。他說，這三種能力——解決問題、聯(lián)想學習和反向學習——通常被認為是“智力的組成部分”。 )”可知，聲樂學習的鳥類相比于沒有音樂學系的鳥類智力上有更好的發(fā)展。故選B項。
35．推理判斷題。文章最后一段第一句“One questin left unanswered is why there’s such a strng relatinship between prblem-slving abilities and vcal learning. (一個未回答的問題是，為什么解決問題的能力和聲樂學習之間有如此緊密的關系。)”可推斷，未來的研究將集中在 解決問題和聲樂學習腦區(qū)是如何關聯(lián)的。故選C項。
（2024上·北京石景山·高三統(tǒng)考期末）Research has shwn that peple tend t get mre happiness frm spending their mney n experiences, such as travel and entertainment, than n things, such as clthes and electrnic gds. But are peple happier during the purchased experience itself? Or des the happiness cme mre frm expecting r remembering the experience?
A new study, published in the Jurnal f Experimental Scial Psychlgy, ffers an answer. Our experiential purchases bring us greater pleasure in terms f expectatin and remembrance than d ur material purchases, but they als bring us greater in-the-mment enjyment, the study fund.
Fr the study, the researchers fund 2,635 adults wh agreed t receive texts at any time during the day. The texts began with a happiness questin, which asked the participants t rate hw they felt “right nw” n a scale frm very bad t very gd. Half f them were then asked if they had made a material purchase within the past hur, such as clthing r electrnic gds. The thers were asked if they had made an experiential purchase within the past hur, such as eating in a restaurant r attending a cncert.
The researchers fund that the purchasers f the experiences express higher levels f happiness than the purchasers f the material gds, n matter hw much the purchases cst.
T address pssible differences in types f purchasers, the researchers made a secnd study in which they researched mre than 5,000 adults. “We still bserved the same result,” said Steve Lacy, the study’s lead authr.
The researchers said a pssible explanatin is the endurance (持久) f experiences in peple’s memries, while the bserved value f material gds weakens ver time.
“If yu want t be happier, it might be wise t mve sme f yur spending away frm material gds and a bit mre tward experiences,” Lacy said. “That wuld likely lead t greater happiness.”
36．The authr put frward tw questins in Paragraph 1 t _______.
A．make a fact clearB．intrduce a new research
C．list pssible prblemsD．dubt the pinin presented
37．Why did the researchers text the participants?
A．T ask them abut their spending plans.
B．T understand their needs and spending habits.
C．T track their purchasing activities and feelings.
D．T find ut the change in their purchasing chices.
38．Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing can bring the greatest pleasure?
A．One picks up a few gd bargains.
B．One pays fr an amusement park trip.
C．One buys electrnic gds in an nline shp.
D．One spends a great deal n high-end prducts.
36．B 37．C 38．B
【導語】本文是說明文。發(fā)表在《實驗社會心理學雜志》上的一項新研究發(fā)現，與物質購買相比，體驗式購買在期待和回憶方面給我們帶來了更大的快樂，但它們也給我們帶來了更大的當下享受。
36．推理判斷題。根據第一段中“But are peple happier during the purchased experience itself? Or des the happiness cme mre frm expecting r remembering the experience?(但人們在購買體驗本身時會感到更快樂嗎？還是幸福更多地來自于期待或記住這段經歷？)”和第二段中“A new study, published in the Jurnal f Experimental Scial Psychlgy, ffers an answer. (發(fā)表在《實驗社會心理學雜志》上的一項新研究提供了答案)”可知，第一段提出兩個問題，第二段指出一項新的研究給出了這兩個問題的答案，由此可推知，作者在第1段提出兩個問題是為了介紹一項新的研究，故選B。
37．細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段“Fr the study, the researchers fund 2,635 adults wh agreed t receive texts at any time during the day. The texts began with a happiness questin, which asked the participants t rate hw they felt “right nw” n a scale frm very bad t very gd. Half f them were then asked if they had made a material purchase within the past hur, such as clthing r electrnic gds. The thers were asked if they had made an experiential purchase within the past hur, such as eating in a restaurant r attending a cncert.(在這項研究中，研究人員發(fā)現2635名成年人同意在一天中的任何時間接收短信。這些短信以一個幸福感問題開始，要求參與者從非常糟糕到非常好的范圍內對他們“現在”的感受進行評分。然后，其中一半人被問及在過去一小時內是否購買過物質產品，例如衣服或電子產品。其他人被問及過去一小時內是否進行過體驗式購買，例如在餐廳吃飯或參加音樂會)”可知，研究人員給參與者發(fā)短信是為了跟蹤他們的購買活動和感受。故選C。
38．推理判斷題。根據第四段“The researchers fund that the purchasers f the experiences express higher levels f happiness than the purchasers f the material gds, n matter hw much the purchases cst.(研究人員發(fā)現，無論購買成本是多少，購買體驗的人比購買物質產品的人表現出更高的幸福感)”和最后一段““If yu want t be happier, it might be wise t mve sme f yur spending away frm material gds and a bit mre tward experiences,” Lacy said. “That wuld likely lead t greater happiness.”(萊西說：“如果你想變得更快樂，明智的做法是將部分支出從物質產品上轉移到體驗上。”“這可能會帶來更大的幸福?！?”可知，購買體驗的人可以給人帶來最大的快樂，由此可推知，B項“一個人支付游樂園之旅的費用”這屬于購買體驗的行為，能給人帶來最大的快樂，故選B。

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