目錄
TOC \ "1-3" \h \z \u \l "_Tc148898652" 題型綜述2
\l "_Tc148898652" 解題攻略3
\l "_Tc148898653" 題型01 主旨大意題3
\l "_Tc148898654" 題型02 細(xì)節(jié)理解題5
\l "_Tc148898655" 題型03 推理判斷題6
\l "_Tc148898656" 題型04 詞義猜測題9
\l "_Tc148898657" 高考練場 PAGEREF _Tc148898657 \h 11
題型簡介
高考英語閱讀理解議論文，通常圍繞某一觀點(diǎn)、現(xiàn)象或問題展開論述，作者通過擺事實(shí)、講道理，運(yùn)用邏輯推理來闡明自身看法，說服讀者接受其觀點(diǎn)。文章往往結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，包含論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)與論證過程，選材涉及社會熱點(diǎn)、教育理念、科技發(fā)展?fàn)幾h、文化現(xiàn)象剖析等諸多領(lǐng)域，旨在考查學(xué)生對復(fù)雜文本的理解、分析及批判性思維能力。
命題類型
主旨大意題：要求提煉文章核心論點(diǎn)，常以 “What's the main idea f the passage?” 這類問句出現(xiàn)，選項(xiàng)可能是對全文中心思想的精準(zhǔn)概括，也可能是過于寬泛、片面的干擾表述。
細(xì)節(jié)理解題：針對文中論據(jù)、支撐性事例或特定關(guān)鍵信息設(shè)題，題目會明確指向文章某一處，如 “Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing statements abut... is true?”，考查學(xué)生捕捉精準(zhǔn)細(xì)節(jié)的能力。
推理判斷題：需依據(jù)文章現(xiàn)有論述、語氣傾向推測隱含意義、作者態(tài)度，題干表述多為 “What can be inferred frm the passage?”，答案并非原文直白呈現(xiàn)，要經(jīng)適度推導(dǎo)。
詞義猜測題：聚焦文中超綱詞、熟詞僻義或特定語境下有特殊含義的詞匯，例如 “The underlined wrd ‘XXX’ in the paragraph mst prbably means...”，要求結(jié)合上下文破解詞義謎團(tuán)。
解題思路
讀題預(yù)判：快速瀏覽題目與選項(xiàng)，圈出關(guān)鍵信息，像主旨題中的 “main idea”、細(xì)節(jié)題里的專有名詞等，預(yù)判閱讀重點(diǎn)，帶著問題意識去讀文章。
通讀抓論點(diǎn)：首次通讀，定位文章開頭段，多數(shù)議論文在此點(diǎn)明主題、拋出論點(diǎn)；同時留意各段首句，它們常起承上啟下、引出分論點(diǎn)的作用，梳理出全文論述脈絡(luò)。
定位找論據(jù)：碰上細(xì)節(jié)、詞義類題目，依據(jù)題目關(guān)鍵詞，精準(zhǔn)回文定位，在定位段落中細(xì)讀上下文，借助因果、對比、舉例等邏輯關(guān)系鎖定答案，比如出現(xiàn) “fr example” 后的內(nèi)容大概率是在解釋前面論點(diǎn)，對理解詞義、補(bǔ)充細(xì)節(jié)很關(guān)鍵。
推理重邏輯：面對推理題，緊扣文章已知觀點(diǎn)、事實(shí)，杜絕過度臆想，分析作者用詞褒貶、論證走向來判斷態(tài)度傾向；梳理段落、句子間的邏輯鏈條，像因果推導(dǎo)、讓步轉(zhuǎn)折后的語義走向，讓推理有理有據(jù)。
核查避陷阱：選完答案后，代入原文再次核查，看選項(xiàng)是否契合全文主旨、對應(yīng)細(xì)節(jié)是否無誤，警惕偷換概念、無中生有、以偏概全這類常見陷阱選項(xiàng)。
題型01 主旨大意題

關(guān)注文章的首尾段落：議論文的主旨通常出現(xiàn)在文章的開頭或結(jié)尾。首段往往提出論點(diǎn)或問題，尾段則總結(jié)觀點(diǎn)或得出結(jié)論。
抓住主題句和關(guān)鍵詞：主題句是概括文章主旨的關(guān)鍵。在閱讀過程中，要注意段落中的主題句以及文章中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞。
綜合各段大意，歸納總結(jié)：如果文章沒有明確的主題句，可以先概括每一段的大意，然后綜合各段內(nèi)容，歸納出文章的中心思想。
“Wman reading bk, under a night sky, dreamy atmsphere,” I type int Deep Dream Generatr’s Text 2 Dream feature. In less than a minute, an image is returned t me shwing what I’ve described.
Welcme t the wrld f AI image generatin, where yu can create what n the surface lks like tp-rank artwrk using just a few text prmpts (提示). But clser examinatin shws ddities. The face f the wman in my image has very dd features, and appears t be hlding multiple bks. And, while there’s an initial thrill at seeing an image appear, there’s n creative satisfactin.
AI image generatin culd influence everything frm film t graphic nvels and mre. Children’s illustratrs were quick t raise cncerns abut the technlgy. They say AI-generated art is the exact ppsite f what art is believed t be. Fundamentally, art is all abut translating smething that yu feel internally int smething that exists externally. Whatever frm it takes, true art is abut the creative prcess much mre than it’s abut the final piece. And simply pressing a buttn t generate an image is nt a creative prcess.
Beynd creativity, there are deeper issues. T create images frm prmpts, AI generatrs rely n databases f already existing art and text. This culd lead t the creatin f images that are intentinally meant t imitate the style f ther artists, withut their agreement. There is an argument that AI generatrs wrk n differently t humans when it cmes t being influenced by thers’ wrk. Hwever, a human artist is als adding emtin and nuance (細(xì)微差別) int the mix. AI desn’t d the same — it can nly cpy.
The increasing use f AI will als lead t a devaluing (貶低) f the wrk f artists. There’s already a negative prejudice twards the creative industry. Peple will begin t think that their “wrk” is as excellent as that created by smene wh has spent a career making art. It’s nnsense, f curse. Yu can use yur mbile phne t take a nice picture f yur daughter, but yu are n match fr prfessinals.
7．What is Paragraph 4 f the text mainly abut?
A．The styles f human artwrks and AI nes.
B．Human artists’ influence n AI generatrs.
C．Different means used in human and AI art creatin.
D．The drawbacks f drawing frm existing art and text.
8．Which f the fllwing best summarizes the last paragraph?
A．Art is the mirrr f life.B．Rme is nt built in a day.
C．N man can d tw things at nce.D．Dn’t judge a bk by its cver.
【答案】 7．C 8．B
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文。作者認(rèn)為人工智能圖像生成雖然便捷，但也有不少弊端，在文中從幾個方面進(jìn)行了闡述。
7．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段第二句到第四句“T create images frm prmpts, AI generatrs rely n databases f already existing art and text. This culd lead t the creatin f images that are intentinally meant t imitate the style f ther artists, withut their agreement. There is an argument that AI generatrs wrk n differently t humans when it cmes t being influenced by thers’ wrk.(為了根據(jù)提示創(chuàng)建圖像，人工智能生成器依賴于已經(jīng)存在的藝術(shù)和文本數(shù)據(jù)庫。這可能會導(dǎo)致在未經(jīng)其他藝術(shù)家同意的情況下，故意模仿其他藝術(shù)家的風(fēng)格。有一種觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為，人工智能生成器在受他人工作影響方面與人類沒有什么不同。)”和最后兩句“Hwever, a human artist is als adding emtin and nuance (細(xì)微差別) int the mix. AI desn’t d the same — it can nly cpy.(然而，人類藝術(shù)家也在混合中添加情感和細(xì)微差別。人工智能不會做同樣的事情——它只能復(fù)制。)”可知，第四段主要是講在人類和AI藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作中使用的不同手段。故選C。
8．主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“The increasing use f AI will als lead t a devaluing (貶低) f the wrk f artists.(越來越多地使用人工智能也將導(dǎo)致藝術(shù)家的作品貶值。)”可知，“冰凍三尺非一日之寒”最能總結(jié)最后一段。故選B。
題型02 細(xì)節(jié)理解題

抓論點(diǎn)、尋論據(jù)：閱讀議論文時，要抓住作者提出的觀點(diǎn)、給出的例證及最后得出的結(jié)論。這些論點(diǎn)和論據(jù)是理解文章細(xì)節(jié)的關(guān)鍵，能夠幫助考生快速定位到相關(guān)信息。
注重文章結(jié)構(gòu)，理清文章脈絡(luò)：把握文章的論證結(jié)構(gòu)，如“提出問題—分析問題—解決問題”或“論點(diǎn)—論據(jù)—結(jié)論”，這樣可以更好地理解作者的論證過程和細(xì)節(jié)信息。
利用尋讀法：對于直接信息題，可以快速瀏覽文章，尋找與題目相關(guān)的關(guān)鍵詞或信息點(diǎn)。對于間接信息題，則需要對原文信息進(jìn)行同義轉(zhuǎn)換或歸納概括。
Recently, I was walking with sme parents when we came acrss a five-pund nte lying n the grund. We std arund it fr a mment, a bit awkwardly, until smene suggested putting it n a nearby bench. Then ne f the parents remarked that we’d prbably have behaved differently — that is, we wuld have just taken the mney — had we been alne.
This relates t a classic questin in studies f human genersity: d we behave mre selfishly when we aren’t being bserved? The debate ges n acrss the psychlgical and bilgical sciences, as well as in ppular culture, abut whether kindness can exist in a cmpetitive wrld.
Ym Kippur is a Jewish (猶太人的) religius hliday when Jewish peple fast and ask fr frgiveness fr the wrngs they’ve cmmitted. One f the pints f Ym Kippur is t behave better regardless f wh is watching. There’s an evlutinary beauty t the teachings f Ym Kippur, which are the prducts f thusands f years f cultural changes and evlutin.
The Maasai peple f Kenya practice stua: relatinships between peple that perate based n need. When smene frms an stua relatinship with anther, they enter int an unwritten cntract t help their partner in times f need. And hunter-gatherer grups, which can represent the circumstances ur species evlved in, have many similar examples.
Cultural evlutin helps t explain the existence and cmplexity f these systems. Cultural changes are far faster than bilgical evlutin, allwing intelligent species like humans t develp behaviral adaptatins fr managing cmplex scial envirnments. Ostua, r any ther practice that helps t maintain gd treatment f thers in sciety, is the result f tens f thusands f years f cultural trial and errr. The custms passed dwn ver time are thse that help us t develp as cultural grups.
The study f thse changes has helped us t understand hw we successfully spread arund the wrld as cperative grups. Bilgical evlutin has helped humans be mre cperative, but cultural changes have accelerated this prcess.
Cultural evlutin helps us t vercme ur selfish natures. Try t understand rules befre yu ignre them — and next time yu find a fiver n the grund, yu might think abut the awkward situatin yur discvery represents.
13．What made the parents feel a bit awkward?
A．The difficulty sharing the mney.
B．The difficulty finding the wner f the mney.
C．The thught f putting the mney n the bench.
D．The thught f keeping the mney fr themselves.
15．Hw is bilgical evlutin different frm cultural evlutin?
A．It evlves much slwer.B．It takes much less time.
C．It is a mre cmplex prcess.D．It makes humans mre cperative.
【答案】13．D 15．A
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了在這個充滿競爭的世界里善行是存在的，不同的社會中存在不同的善行的事例，而善行的存在是千百年來的文化進(jìn)化所致，它幫助我們克服自私的本性。
13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“We std arund it fr a mment, a bit awkwardly, until smene suggested putting it n a nearby bench. Then ne f the parents remarked that we’d prbably have behaved differently — that is, we wuld have just taken the mney — had we been alne. (我們圍著它有點(diǎn)尷尬地站了一會兒，直到有人建議把它放在附近的長凳上。然后，其中一位家長說，如果我們單獨(dú)在那里，我們的行為可能會有所不同——也就是說，我們會直接拿走錢)”可知，當(dāng)看到地上的錢時，這些父母們實(shí)際上產(chǎn)生了自私的想法：將錢占為己有，這種想法使人感到有點(diǎn)尷尬。故選D項(xiàng)。
15．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“Cultural changes are far faster than bilgical evlutin, allwing intelligent species like humans t develp behaviral adaptatins fr managing cmplex scial envirnments. (文化的變化比生物進(jìn)化要快得多，這使得像人類這樣有智力的物種能夠發(fā)展出適應(yīng)復(fù)雜社會環(huán)境的行為)”可知，生物進(jìn)化與文化進(jìn)化的不同之處在于它進(jìn)行地慢得多。故選A項(xiàng)。
題型03 推理判斷題

以事實(shí)為依據(jù)，進(jìn)行邏輯推理：推理判斷題要求考生根據(jù)文章中的事實(shí)信息，通過邏輯推理得出結(jié)論。要注意區(qū)分事實(shí)與觀點(diǎn)，確保推理過程符合文章的邏輯關(guān)系。
體會文章語言特點(diǎn)，把握作者寫作態(tài)度：理解作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度是進(jìn)行推理判斷的基礎(chǔ)。有時候作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度并不是明確表達(dá)出來的，需要考生認(rèn)真體察和分析。
關(guān)注文章中的隱含信息：推理判斷題往往考查文章中隱含或深層的含義?？忌枰P(guān)注文章中的修辭、語氣、隱含意思等，挖掘出文章的深層含義。
Wuld yu BET n the future f this man? He is 53 years ld. Mst f his adult life has been a lsing struggle against debt and misfrtune. A war injury has made his left hand stp functining, and he has ften been in prisn. Driven by heaven-knws-what mtives, he deter-mines t write a bk.
The bk turns ut t be ne that has appealed t the wrld fr mre than 350 years. That frmer prisner was Cervantes, and the bk was Dn Quixte (《堂吉訶德》). And the stry pses an interesting questin: why d sme peple discver new vitality and creativity t the end f their days, while thers g t seed lng befre?
We’ve all knwn peple wh run ut f steam befre they reach life’s halfway mark. I’m nt talking abut thse wh fail t get t the tp. We can’t all get there. I’m talking abut peple wh have stpped learning n grwing because they have adpted the fixed attitudes and pinins that all t ften cme with passing years.
Mst f us, in fact, prgressively narrw the variety f ur lives. We succeed in ur field f specializatin and then becme trapped in it. Nthing surprises us. We lse ur sense f wnder. But, if we are willing t learn, the pprtunities are everywhere.
The things we learn in maturity seldm invlve infrmatin and skills. We learn t bear with the things we can’t change. We learn t avid self-pity. We learn that hwever much we try t please, sme peple are never ging t lve us——an idea that trubles at first but is eventually relaxing.
With high mtivatin and enthusiasm, we can keep n learning. Then we will knw hw imprtant it is t have meaning in ur life. Hwever, we can achieve meaning nly if we have made a cmmitment t smething larger than ur wn little egs (自我), whether t lved nes, t fellw humans, t wrk, r t sme mral cncept.
Many f us equate (視……等同于) “cmmitment” with such “caring” ccupatins as teaching and nursing. But ding any rdinary jb as well as ne can is in itself an admirable cmmitment. Peple wh wrk tward such excellence whether they are driving a truck, r running a stre———make the wrld better just by being the kind f peple they are. They’ve learned life’s mst valuable lessn.
1．The passage starts with the stry f Cervantes t shw that ________.
A．lss f freedm stimulates ne’s creativity
B．a(chǎn)ge is nt a barrier t achieving ne’s gal
C．misery inspires a man t fight against his fate
D．disability cannt stp a man′s pursuit f success
2．What culd be inferred frm Paragraph 4?
A．Thse wh dare t try ften get themselves trapped.
B．Thse wh tend t think back can hardly g ahead.
C．Opprtunity favrs thse with a curius mind.
D．Opprtunity awaits thse with a cautius mind.
3．What des the authr intend t tell us in Paragraph 5?
A．A tugh man can tlerate suffering.
B．A wise man can live withut self-pity.
C．A man shuld try t satisfy peple arund him.
D．A man shuld learn suitable ways t deal with life.
4．What is the authr’s purpse in writing the passage?
A．T prvide guidance n leading a meaningful adult life.
B．T stress the need f shuldering respnsibilities at wrk.
C．T state the imprtance f generating mtivatin fr learning.
D．T suggest a way f pursuing excellence in ur lifelng career.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章以名著《堂吉訶德》的作者Cervantes的事跡為例，講述了想要成功，就要不斷地學(xué)習(xí)，這樣人生才有意義。
1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“He is 53 years ld. Mst f his adult life has been a lsing struggle against debt and misfrtune. A war injury has made his left hand stp functining, and he has ften been in prisn. Driven by heaven-knws-what mtives, he deter-mines t write a bk. (他今年53歲。他成年后的大部分時間都在與債務(wù)和不幸作著失敗的斗爭。一次戰(zhàn)爭受傷使他的左手失去了功能，他經(jīng)常被關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄。不知出于什么動機(jī)，他決定寫一本書。)”可知，Cervantes已經(jīng)53歲，不再年輕，前半生一直生活在不幸中，但即便這樣，他還是決定寫一本書；根據(jù)第二段“The bk turns ut t be ne that has appealed t the wrld fr mre than 350 years. (事實(shí)證明，這本書350多年來一直受到全世界的歡迎。)”可知，他最終實(shí)現(xiàn)了目標(biāo)，并取得了巨大成功。由此推知，文章用Cervantes的故事作為開始，是為了告訴讀者年齡不是實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的障礙。故選B。
2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Nthing surprises us. We lse ur sense f wnder. But, if we are willing t learn, the pprtunities are everywhere. (沒什么讓我們驚訝的。我們失去了驚奇感。但是，如果我們愿意學(xué)習(xí)，機(jī)會無處不在。)”可知，從第4段可以推斷出機(jī)會垂青于有好奇心的人。故選C。
3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“We learn t bear with the things we can’t change. We learn t avid self-pity. We learn that hwever much we try t please, sme peple are never ging t lve us——an idea that trubles at first but is eventually relaxing. (我們學(xué)會忍受我們無法改變的事情。我們學(xué)會避免自憐。我們知道，無論我們多么努力地取悅別人，有些人永遠(yuǎn)不會愛我們——這個想法一開始會讓人煩惱，但最終會讓人放松。)”可推知，作者是想告訴我們，要學(xué)會用恰當(dāng)?shù)姆绞絹韺Υ?。故選D。
4．推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是第六段“With high mtivatin and enthusiasm, we can keep n learning. Then we will knw hw imprtant it is t have meaning in ur life. Hwever, we can achieve meaning nly if we have made a cmmitment t smething larger than ur wn little egs (自我), whether t lved nes, t fellw humans, t wrk, r t sme mral cncept. (有了高度的動力和熱情，我們就能繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)。然后我們就會知道在我們的生活中有意義是多么重要。然而，只有當(dāng)我們對比我們的小我更重要的事情做出承諾時，我們才能獲得意義，無論是對所愛的人，對人類同胞，對工作，還是對某些道德觀念。)”可知，作者的目的是為了給人們指導(dǎo)人們?nèi)绾芜^上有意義的成年生活。故選A。
題型04 詞義猜測題

利用上下文語境：通過閱讀上下文，根據(jù)已知的信息或常識來推測生詞或短語的含義。上下文提供的語境線索是推斷詞義的關(guān)鍵。
注意詞義的多義性和搭配：一個詞可能有多個義項(xiàng)，要結(jié)合上下文選擇最合適的詞義。同時注意詞與詞之間的搭配習(xí)慣，如固定搭配、習(xí)慣用法等。
借助語法知識：根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和語法關(guān)系來判斷詞義。例如，通過句子成分、從句關(guān)系等來推斷詞義。
The mushrming vide screens in buses, taxis and apartment halls in cities like Shanghai are taking away ur already rare resurce: a place fr a mment f peace. Taking a nap r reading a bk n buses is less pleasant nw, as the LCD screens bradcast news, entertainment and advertisements at unbearable vlumes.
Yu pay the bus fare simply t get a ride—undisturbed—but nw yu are expsed t this “added value”, whether yu like it r nt. If it’s a crwded bus, the nise is even mre exasperating. Mre and mre Chinese cities have jined Shanghai, regarded as the first t put vide screens n buses, disturbing millins f passengers.

29．What des the underlined wrd “exasperating” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Entertaining.
B．Encuraging.
C．Disappinting.
D．Annying.
【答案】29．D
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文，主要討論了在公交車、出租車、公寓大廳里用視頻屏幕播放內(nèi)容這一現(xiàn)象，這奪走了人們尋找片刻安寧的機(jī)會。
29．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞前句“Yu pay the bus fare simply t get a ride—undisturbed—but nw yu are expsed t this ‘a(chǎn)dded value’, whether yu like it r nt.(你支付公交車費(fèi)用只是為了乘車——不受干擾——但現(xiàn)在你暴露在這種‘附加值’中，無論你喜歡與否。)”可知，乘客
乘坐公交車是為了不受干擾地乘車，但視頻屏幕播放內(nèi)容會打擾乘客享受安寧，再結(jié)合畫線詞所在句中的“a crwded bus”和“the nise”可推知，在擁擠的公交車中，播放視頻的噪音會更加讓人生氣。exasperating意為“惹人生氣的”，與annying意思最接近。故選D。
First-year cllege students ften are expected r required t live in drmitries. In the rest years, it’s usually up t thse students t decide whether t live n r ff campus.
At first glance, ff-campus husing can appear less expensive. But the additinal expenses utside f rent — like utilities, grceries, Internet access, cable and furniture — are ften verlked. T reduce ff-campus csts, sme students chse t verpack huses r apartments, smetimes with fur r five peple in a tw-bedrm huse. Unlike ff-campus husing, the ttal cst f living n campus is typically all-inclusive, cveting rent, utilities, furniture, Wi-Fi and a meal plan.
19．What des the underlined wrd “verpack” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Overlk.B．Overcnsume.C．Overestimate.D．Overlad.
【答案】 19．D
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。主要介紹的是大學(xué)生選擇校內(nèi)外住宿的優(yōu)劣，并提供了選擇建議，分析了校內(nèi)住宿對學(xué)習(xí)的益處和校外住宿的獨(dú)立生活技能需求。
19．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞前的“T reduce ff-campus csts(為了減少校外居住的成本)”以及劃線單詞后的“smetimes with fur r five peple in a tw-bedrm huse(有時四五個人住在一套兩居室的房子里。)”可知，為了降低成本，有些學(xué)生選擇在兩室的臥房里住進(jìn)四五個人，說明房子里住的人太多，由此可推斷，劃線單詞verpack的意思應(yīng)與“塞滿或者擠滿”意思相近。故選D項(xiàng)。
題型01 主旨大意題
【來源】上海市格致中學(xué)2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期階段練習(xí)卷
As cmputers becme mre and mre ppular in China, Chinese peple are increasingly depending n cmputer keybards t input Chinese characters. But if they use the cmputer t much, they may end up frgetting the exact strkes (筆畫) f each Chinese character when writing n paper. Experts suggest peple, especially students, write by hand mre.
……..
Many educatrs think differently. Shi Liwei, the headmaster f a famus primary schl in the capital said, “Chinese characters enjy bth practical value and artistic beauty. But thse characters typed with cmputer keybards nly maintain their practical value. All the artistic beauty f the characters is lst. And handwriting cntains the writer’s emtin. Thrugh ne’s handwriting, peple can get t knw ne’s thinking and persnality. Beautiful writing will give peple a better first impressin f them.”
T encurage students t hand-write mre, many primary schls in Beijing have made writing classes cmpulsry (必修的) and in universities, sme prfessrs are asking students t turn in their hmewrk and essays written by hand.
24．Which f the fllwing can best serve as the title f the passage?
A．T Type r t Hand-write.
B．Hw t Imprve Handwriting.
C．Practical Value and Artistic Beauty f Chinese Characters.
D．Writing by Cmputer Will Replace Writing by Hand.
【答案】 24．A
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要圍繞電腦的普及使手寫減少，引發(fā)對手寫價值的討論。
24．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“As cmputers becme mre and mre ppular in China, Chinese peple are increasingly depending n cmputer keybards t input Chinese characters. But if they use the cmputer t much, they may end up frgetting the exact strkes (筆畫) f each Chinese character when writing n paper. Experts suggest peple, especially students, write by hand mre.(隨著電腦在中國越來越普及，中國人越來越依賴電腦鍵盤輸入漢字。但是，如果他們使用電腦太多，他們可能會忘記在紙上寫字時每個漢字的準(zhǔn)確筆畫。專家建議人們，尤其是學(xué)生，多用手寫字。)”及最后兩段可知，文章主要討論了隨著計(jì)算機(jī)在中國的普及，中國人越來越依賴電腦鍵盤輸入漢字，但這可能導(dǎo)致他們忘記在紙上書寫漢字的確切筆畫。專家建議人們，尤其是學(xué)生，應(yīng)該更多地手寫。文章通過對比手寫和打字的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，探討了手寫漢字的重要性和價值。因此，“T Type r t Hand-write”可以作為文章的最佳標(biāo)題，因?yàn)樗鼫?zhǔn)確地概括了文章的主要內(nèi)容和討論的主題。故選A。
題型02 細(xì)節(jié)理解題
【來源】上海市建平中學(xué)2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期9月月考英語試卷
JULY 19TH was a day fr help- desk heres. A rutine sftware update by CrwdStrike, a cyber-security cmpany, caused cmputer breakdwn in ffices, hspitals and airprts wrldwide. Mst white-cllar wrkers lked miserably at their screens and realised just hw useless they are if they cannt lg in. Peple in IT came t the rescue f helpless clleagues and stranded passengers. Their wrk that day was full f stress — but als full f meaning.
If machines can add purpse t sme jbs when they fail, what abut when they wrk prperly? This is nt a meaningless questin. Technlgies tend t spread in less dramatic ways, task by task rather than rle by rle. Befre machines replace individuals, they change the nature f the wrk they d.
A recent paper, frm Milena Niklva and Femke Cnssen lked at the prevalence f rbts in industrial settings and hw that affected wrkers. Rbts reduced the perceived meaningfulness f jbs acrss the bard, regardless f age, gender, skills and the type f wrk. In thery, machines can free up time fr mre interesting tasks; in practice, they seem t have had the ppsite effect.
……..
13．Which f the fllwing statements is TRUE accrding t the first and secnd paragraphs?
A．Machines can smetimes add mre purpses t jbs when they fail.
B．Technlgies typically spread acrss entire rles, replacing wrkers in ne g.
C．Ptential demerits f intrducing machines in the wrkplace have been recrded.
D．A cyber-security cmpany caused technlgical faults n purpse when testing the sftware.
14．What’s the cnclusin f Ms Niklva’s research in industrial settings?
A．Wrkers feel mre autnmus and in cntrl when wrking with rbts.
B．Machines reduce the sense f purpse in human wrkers’ jbs in reality.
C．Industrial rbts replace human wrkers, eliminating their tasks and rles.
D．Autmatin facilitates manual labr, increasing the variety f tasks.
【答案】13．A 14．B
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章圍繞“機(jī)器和人工智能對工作質(zhì)量和員工感受的影響”這一主題展開討論，通過引用多個研究案例和分析，探討了機(jī)器在出現(xiàn)故障和正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時對工作的影響，以及自動化和人工智能在不同行業(yè)中的應(yīng)用對員工感受和工作質(zhì)量的潛在影響。
13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Mst white - cllar wrkers lked miserably at their screens and realised just hw useless they are if they cannt lg in. Peple in IT came t the rescue f helpless clleagues and stranded passengers. Their wrk that day was full f stress— but als full f meaning. (大多數(shù)白領(lǐng)悲慘地盯著他們的屏幕，意識到如果無法登錄，他們的工作將變得毫無意義。信息技術(shù)部門的人員前來解救那些無助的同事和被困的乘客。他們那天的工作充滿了壓力，但也充滿了意義。)”以及第二段“If machines can add purpse t sme jbs when they
fail, what abut when they wrk prperly? (如果機(jī)器在出現(xiàn)故障時能給某些工作增添意義，那么當(dāng)它們正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時又會怎樣呢？)”可知，有時候機(jī)器出現(xiàn)故障的時候，會給一些工作增添意義。故選A。
14．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“A recent paper, frm Milena Niklva and Femke Cnssen lked at the prevalence f rbts in industrial settings and hw that affected wrkers. Rbts reduced the perceived meaningfulness f jbs acrss the bard, regardless f age, gender, skills and the type f wrk. In thery, machines can free up time fr mre interesting tasks; in practice, they seem t have had the ppsite effect.( Milena Niklva和Femke Cnssen撰寫的一篇近期論文研究了工業(yè)環(huán)境中機(jī)器人的普及程度以及這對工人的影響。機(jī)器人普遍降低了工作的意義感，無論年齡、性別、技能水平和工作類型如何。理論上，機(jī)器可以騰出時間讓人去做更有趣的任務(wù)；但實(shí)際上，它們似乎產(chǎn)生了相反的效果。)”可知，Niklva女士的研究表明，機(jī)器減少了人類工作者工作中的意義感。故選B。
題型03 推理判斷題
【來源】上海市延安中學(xué)2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期開學(xué)考試英語試題
Being single is a jyful defiance f cnventin
Single peple are ften seen as living half a life. We’re just incmplete puzzles, desperately searching fr the missing piece t make us whle. But what if the risk is nt what we’ll miss ut n if we dn’t centre ur lives arund a rmantic partner, but what we’ll miss ut n if we d?
Fr millins f peple, being single is the key t living their best life. They are what Dr Bella DePaul calls the “single at heart”, and when I first heard that term, I knew she was talking abut me.
After reading survey data frm mre than 20,000 peple acrss 100 cuntries carefully, DePaul fund that — cntrary t cultural assumptins that the unpartnered will die miserable and alne, surrunded by cats - thse wh embrace their single status actually grw happier as they age. The “single at heart” are thriving because f their sl status, nt in spite f it.
17．What can be inferred abut the scietal perceptin f single peple frm the passage?
A．Sciety has a neutral attitude twards and desn’t discriminate against them.
B．Sciety almst fully supprts and understands the chices f single peple.
C．Sciety ften views single peple negatively and assumes they are incmplete.
D．Sciety has n expectatins and impses n restrictins fr single peple.
18．What des the authr imply by saying “Perhaps if single status was nt viewed as smething every unpartnered persn wants t change, we wuld see greater equity fr thse ding life sl”?
A．Current plicies are fair t and have n huge impact n single peple.
B．Changing sciety’s prejudice culd lead t better treatment f single peple.
C．Single peple shuld try t change their status by striving fr equal pprtunities.
D．Scietal status shuld be cnsidered by single peple instead f by everyne.
【答案】17．C 18．B
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文，主要討論了單身生活作為一種積極、獨(dú)立且自由的選擇，而非傳統(tǒng)觀念中所謂的“不完整”或“次等”的生活方式。
17．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Single peple are ften seen as living half a life. We’re just incmplete puzzles, desperately searching fr the missing piece t make us whle.(單身的人常常被認(rèn)為過著一半的生活。我們只是不完整的拼圖，拼命地尋找缺失的那塊使我們完整。)”可知，社會經(jīng)常消極地看待單身人士，認(rèn)為他們是不完整的。故選C。
18．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Perhaps if single status was nt viewed as smething every unpartnered persn wants t change, we wuld see greater equity fr thse ding life sl.(也許，如果單身狀態(tài)不被視為每個單身人士都想改變的事情，我們就會看到那些獨(dú)自生活的人獲得更大的平等。)”可知，如果社會不再將單身狀態(tài)視為需要改變的事情，那么選擇單身生活的人將得到更公平的待遇，作者通過說這句話暗示了改變社會偏見可能會讓單身人士得到更好的待遇。故選B。
題型04 詞義猜測題
【來源】上海市格致中學(xué)2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期階段練習(xí)卷
………
All the students interviewed say they usually use a cmputer.
It’s faster and easier t crrect if using a cmputer. And that’s why cmputers are being used mre and mre ften t mdern educatin. But when peple are taking stck f cmputers increasingly, prblems appear.
………
22．What des the underlined expressin “taking stck f” in Paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A．Getting bred with.B．Thinking carefully abut.
C．Getting curius abut.D．Becming crazy abut.
22．B
22．詞句猜測題。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)和下文“prblems appear (問題就出現(xiàn)了)”可推知，當(dāng)人們開始仔細(xì)審視電腦時，就會發(fā)現(xiàn)問題。所以taking stck f表示與同義Thinking carefully abut，意為“(對某情況)進(jìn)行反思，作出評估”。故選B。
A
（2025年寶山一模）
Wrld Hunger Day is abut celebrating slutins that keep peple frm suffering r dying due t lack f fd. Read abut sme causes and als sme f the effrts being made t stp this wrldwide prblem.
Why, in a wrld where we technically prduce enugh fd t feed everyne, d millins f peple g t bed hungry each night? The statistics are tragic, and such a cntradictin shuld have n place in ur mdern wrld.
The UN's secnd sustainability gal, "Zer Hunger," is an ambitius plan t end hunger in the wrld by 2030. Hwever, the glbal scale f the hunger staggers the imaginatin, and it's getting wrse. Accrding t Wrld Visin, as many as 828 millin peple, r 10% f the glbal ppulatin, are suffering frm fd insecurity. What are the driving frces behind this stubbrn blight (疫病) f hunger?
Armed cnflict is ne. It frces peple frm their hmes, ruins ecnmies and turns millins f peple int refugees wh becme reliant n aid, and luck, fr their daily needs.
Extreme weather events - like drughts, flding, hurricanes and cyclnes - als drive wrld hunger by destrying hmes and making farmland unusable.
Finally, arund 30 percent f the wrld's fd is lst r wasted annually. Fd lss ccurs when fd is damaged r spiled while mving thrugh the supply chain. Fd waste happens when individuals, supermarkets r restaurants buy mre fd than they need and thrw away the excess (超過).
Wrld Hunger Day, which is tday, isn't just abut bad news. Funded in 2011 by The Hunger Prject, Wrld Hunger Day is als abut celebrating slutins that will eliminate starvatin.
In Africa, The Hunger Prject has been wrking t encurage mre sustainable and efficient farming methds. Fr example, by diversifying their crps, farmers will have healthier sil. Furthermre, since farmers need access t safe, clean water, The Hunger Prject teaches peple hw t mnitr, maintain and repair water systems such as water pumps. The UN Wrld Fd Prgramme aids farmers by helping them cnnect t lcal ecnmies, imprve prductin methds and reduce crp lsses. And, fr wmen wh are pregnant r nursing and fr children, they prvide special fds like nutrient-rich peanut paste.
S what can yu d t help rt ut wrld hunger? Aside frm striving t reduce yur fd waste, keep educating yurself and thers abut the issue. Lk fr pprtunities t feed the hungry in yur wn cmmunities. There are sme fantastic rganizatins such as SALT Cllectiv, wh regularly rganize and crdinate events t help rphans and feed the hungry. Each step, each chice, each vice can help make hunger a thing f the past.
43. The wrd stagger in the third paragraph mst prbably means ______.
A. shck B. imprve C. restrictD. affect
The purpse f the passage is ______.
t bjectively analyze the reasns f starvatin
t seriusly warn peple f the starvatin
t encurage peple t fight against hunger
t think highly f the effrt t try t get rid f hunger
What can we infer frm the passage?
Hunger will becme a thing f the past.
Starvatin exists mainly in Africa.
Peple wh need fd may get it arund themselves.
It is impssible t get rid f starvatin in the wrld.
Which f the fllwing might be the best title f the passage?
The Cause f Starvatin
The March tward Zer Hunger
The Slutin t Starvatin
The Cnsequence f Hunger
【答案】 43. A 44. D 45. C 46. B
【導(dǎo)讀】
本文圍繞世界饑餓問題展開，首先指出在全球糧食產(chǎn)量理論上足夠的情況下，仍有大量人口面臨饑餓的矛盾現(xiàn)狀，接著分析了導(dǎo)致饑餓的原因，如武裝沖突、極端天氣和食物浪費(fèi)等。同時介紹了世界饑餓日及其所倡導(dǎo)的解決饑餓問題的措施，像非洲實(shí)施可持續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)方法、聯(lián)合國世界糧食計(jì)劃署提供援助等，最后呼吁人們行動起來，共同對抗饑餓。
【解析】
43. 詞義猜測題：根據(jù)第三段 “The UN's secnd sustainability gal, 'Zer Hunger,' is an ambitius plan t end hunger in the wrld by 2030. Hwever, the glbal scale f the hunger staggers the imaginatin, and it's getting wrse.” 可知，聯(lián)合國雖有消除饑餓的目標(biāo)，但全球饑餓的規(guī)模與之形成反差且愈發(fā)嚴(yán)重，這種情況應(yīng)是令人震驚的?！癷mprve” 意為 “改善”；“restrict” 意為 “限制”；“affect” 意為 “影響”，均不符合此處語境?！皊hck” 有 “使震驚” 之意，符合語境，所以答案是 A。
44. 目的意圖題：文章不僅分析了饑餓的原因，還強(qiáng)調(diào)了為解決饑餓問題所做的努力和解決方案。文章的基調(diào)是積極的，鼓勵人們參與到抗擊饑餓的行動中來，因此正確答案是D. t think highly f the effrt t try t get rid f hunger（高度評價努力消除饑餓的努力）。
45. 推理判斷題：根據(jù)最后一段 “Lk fr pprtunities t feed the hungry in yur wn cmmunities. There are sme fantastic rganizatins such as SALT Cllectiv, wh regularly rganize and crdinate events t help rphans and feed the hungry.” 可知，有組織在社區(qū)開展幫助饑餓人群的活動，由此可推斷需要食物的人可能在自己周邊獲得食物，C 選項(xiàng)正確。A 選項(xiàng) “饑餓將成為過去” 過于絕對，文中只是呼吁努力讓饑餓成為過去，但未表明一定會實(shí)現(xiàn)；B 選項(xiàng) “饑餓主要存在于非洲”，文中提到全球都有饑餓問題，并非主要在非洲；D 選項(xiàng) “在世界上消除饑餓是不可能的” 與文章倡導(dǎo)的努力消除饑餓相悖。所以答案是 C。
46. 主旨大意題：文章圍繞消除饑餓這一主題，既提到了饑餓問題及原因，也介紹了為實(shí)現(xiàn) “零饑餓” 目標(biāo)所做的努力和人們應(yīng)采取的行動，“The March tward Zer Hunger”（邁向零饑餓）能很好地概括文章內(nèi)容，B 選項(xiàng)正確。A 選項(xiàng) “饑餓的原因” 和 C 選項(xiàng) “饑餓的解決辦法” 都只是文章部分內(nèi)容；D 選項(xiàng) “饑餓的后果” 文中未提及。所以答案是 B。
【重點(diǎn)詞塊】
sustainability gal 可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)
armed cnflict 武裝沖突
extreme weather events 極端天氣事件
fd insecurity 糧食不安全
supply chain 供應(yīng)鏈
sustainable farming methds 可持續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)方法
diversify crps 使農(nóng)作物多樣化
rt ut 根除
strive t 努力做……
【復(fù)雜句式】
1. “Why, in a wrld where we technically prduce enugh fd t feed everyne, d millins f peple g t bed hungry each night?”
分析：這是一個特殊疑問句，“in a wrld where we technically prduce enugh fd t feed everyne” 是地點(diǎn)狀語，其中 “where we technically prduce enugh fd t feed everyne” 是定語從句，修飾先行詞 “wrld”。句子主干是 “Why d millins f peple g t bed hungry each night?”，正常語序?yàn)?“Millins f peple g t bed hungry each night in a wrld where we technically prduce enugh fd t feed everyne. Why?”，這里將 “in a wrld...” 提前，是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)這種矛盾的情境。
翻譯：為什么在一個理論上我們生產(chǎn)的食物足以養(yǎng)活所有人的世界里，每天晚上仍有數(shù)百萬人餓著肚子上床睡覺呢？
2. “Armed cnflict is ne. It frces peple frm their hmes, ruins ecnmies and turns millins f peple int refugees wh becme reliant n aid, and luck, fr their daily needs.”
分析：前一句 “Armed cnflict is ne.” 是簡單句，表明武裝沖突是導(dǎo)致饑餓的一個原因。后一句是一個復(fù)合句，“It frces peple frm their hmes, ruins ecnmies and turns millins f peple int refugees” 是并列的謂語結(jié)構(gòu)，描述武裝沖突帶來的一系列后果，“wh becme reliant n aid, and luck, fr their daily needs” 是定語從句，修飾先行詞 “refugees”，說明難民對援助和運(yùn)氣的依賴。
翻譯：武裝沖突是（導(dǎo)致饑餓的原因）之一。它迫使人們背井離鄉(xiāng)，破壞經(jīng)濟(jì)，并使數(shù)百萬人淪為難民，這些難民依賴援助和運(yùn)氣來滿足他們的日常需求。
3. “Finally, arund 30 percent f the wrld's fd is lst r wasted annually. Fd lss ccurs when fd is damaged r spiled while mving thrugh the supply chain. Fd waste happens when individuals, supermarkets r restaurants buy mre fd than they need and thrw away the excess.”
分析：第一句是簡單句，說明全球食物損失和浪費(fèi)的比例。第二句是復(fù)合句，“when fd is damaged r spiled while mving thrugh the supply chain” 是時間狀語從句，描述食物損失發(fā)生的情況。第三句同樣是復(fù)合句，“when individuals, supermarkets r restaurants buy mre fd than they need and thrw away the excess” 是時間狀語從句，闡述食物浪費(fèi)發(fā)生的情形，其中 “than they need” 是比較狀語從句。
翻譯：最后，全球每年約有 30% 的食物損失或浪費(fèi)。食物損失發(fā)生在食物在供應(yīng)鏈流轉(zhuǎn)過程中受損或變質(zhì)的時候。當(dāng)個人、超市或餐館購買的食物超過他們的需求并扔掉多余的部分時，就會發(fā)生食物浪費(fèi)。
4. “In Africa, The Hunger Prject has been wrking t encurage mre sustainable and efficient farming methds. Fr example, by diversifying their crps, farmers will have healthier sil. Furthermre, since farmers need access t safe, clean water, The Hunger Prject teaches peple hw t mnitr, maintain and repair water systems such as water pumps.”
分析：第一句是簡單句，“has been wrking” 是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時，表示從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作，說明 “饑餓項(xiàng)目” 一直在努力鼓勵采用可持續(xù)和高效的農(nóng)業(yè)方法。第二句是簡單句，“by diversifying their crps” 是方式狀語，表明通過多樣化種植農(nóng)作物來實(shí)現(xiàn)土壤更健康的方式。第三句是復(fù)合句，“since farmers need access t safe, clean water” 是原因狀語從句，說明 “饑餓項(xiàng)目” 教人們?nèi)绾伪O(jiān)測、維護(hù)和修理水系統(tǒng)的原因。
翻譯：在非洲，“饑餓項(xiàng)目” 一直在努力鼓勵采用更可持續(xù)和高效的農(nóng)業(yè)方法。例如，通過使農(nóng)作物多樣化，農(nóng)民將擁有更健康的土壤。此外，由于農(nóng)民需要獲得安全、清潔的水，“饑餓項(xiàng)目” 教人們?nèi)绾伪O(jiān)測、維護(hù)和修理水泵等水系統(tǒng)。
B
（2025年普陀區(qū)一模）
Art has always ccupied a special place in sciety. Many peple cnsider artists t be the ultimate authrities n the nature and expressin f beauty. Fr much f histry, the practice f art was mysterius, and artists were viewed as being smewhat dd and ften mad. Even the wrd mst cmmnly assciated with artists —inspiratin —has its wn magical qualities. Literally, "inspiratin"is the breathing in f a spirit. Artists were thught f as peple wh were uniquely inspired t create.
Of curse, artists cntributed t this mythlgy(神話). Many artists credited their talents t the presence f sme supernatural pwer. "Whle mvements f art have centered n the suppsedly therwrldly nature f art. Fr example, the Rmantic pets believed that art was a term thatmeant an ultimate expressin f beauty and truth. The search fr this ideal led them t explre bth natural and supernatural themes in their wrks.
Anther persistent view f art regarded its divrce frm lgic. Reasn and lgic were the prvince f scientists and philsphers, whereas creativity and insight were the area f the artists. The tw separate aspects f the mind were suppsed t remain distinct.
But in 1704, a majr breakthrugh ccurred. Sir Isaac Newtn, mathematician and physicist, published his study f light, Opticks. One f Newtn's majr discveries was n the nature f clr. Using a prism(棱鏡), Newtn fund that white light is actually cmpsed f all the clrs f the rainbw. He even prvided a scientific explanatin fr the presence f rainbws. The artistic cmmunity was shcked. A scientist had taken a beautiful and magical experience and reduced it t the simple refractin f beams f light thrugh the prism f a raindrp. A scientist had ventured int their sacred territry.
Mre than a hundred years later, Jhn Keats, ne f the mst famus Rmantic pets, accused Newtn f reducing beauty by "unweaving the rainbw. "His clleague, Samuel Taylr Cleridge, famusly remarked that the suls f five hundred Newtns wuld be needed t make ne Shakespeare. And yet, frm anther perspective, Newtn did nt reduce the beauty f the rainbw;he enhanced it. In his search t uncver the secrets f the rainbw, Newtn demnstrated the wnder, creativity, and inspiratin f an artist. He als gave the wrld anther pprtunity t experience the sublime(絕妙). Newtn's discvery paved the way fr the develpment f the science f spectrscpy, a way f analyzing the chemical makeup f light. Nw scientists can lk at the stars and knw their cmpsitin. The sense f wnder this ability creates is nt much different frm the wnder the pet r artist feels when staring at thse same stars.
43. Accrding t the passage, what was the cmmn view f artists in histry?
A. Artists were cnsidered lgical and ratinal.
B. Artists were seen as inspired and smewhat strange.
C. Artists were primarily fcused n scientific discvery.
D. Artists were thught t be withut any supernatural beliefs.
44. Hw did the Rmantic pets react t Newtn's discvery abut light and clr?
A. They believed it added a new dimensin t the appreciatin f beauty.
B. They credited Newtn's insights t mystical influences.
C. They were inspired t integrate mre scientific themes in their petry.
D. They felt it faded the petic beauty f natural phenmena.
45. Why des the authr mentin Jhn Keats'and Samuel Taylr Cleridge's views n Isaac Newtn?
A. T emphasize the superir creativity f pets ver scientists.
B. T highlight the impact f scientific discveries n artistic perceptin.
C. T state that Shakespeare's knwledge f beauty was unmatched.
D. T shw that Rmantic pets bjected t scientific prgress.
46. Which f the fllwing is the best title f the passage?
A. The Artistic Interpretatin f Science B. The Cntrast between Art and Lgics
C. The Interplay f Art and Science
D. Isaac Newtn's Influence n Arts
【答案】 43. B 44. D 45. B 46. C
【導(dǎo)讀】本文探討了藝術(shù)與科學(xué)的關(guān)系。在歷史上，藝術(shù)家常被視為受靈感啟發(fā)且有些古怪的人，藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作被認(rèn)為具有神秘性，與邏輯分離。1704 年牛頓對光和顏色的發(fā)現(xiàn)震驚了藝術(shù)界，浪漫主義詩人認(rèn)為牛頓此舉破壞了自然現(xiàn)象的詩意美。但從另一角度看，牛頓的發(fā)現(xiàn)也展現(xiàn)了如藝術(shù)家般的創(chuàng)造力，且為科學(xué)發(fā)展奠定基礎(chǔ)，引發(fā)人們對藝術(shù)與科學(xué)相互作用的思考。
【解析】
43. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題：根據(jù)第一段 “Fr much f histry, the practice f art was mysterius, and artists were viewed as being smewhat dd and ften mad. Even the wrd mst cmmnly assciated with artists — inspiratin — has its wn magical qualities. Artists were thught f as peple wh were uniquely inspired t create.” 可知，在歷史上，藝術(shù)家被視為受靈感啟發(fā)且有些古怪的人，B 選項(xiàng)正確。A 選項(xiàng)，文中提到藝術(shù)與邏輯分離，藝術(shù)家并非被認(rèn)為是有邏輯和理性的；C 選項(xiàng)，藝術(shù)家主要關(guān)注的并非科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)；D 選項(xiàng)，許多藝術(shù)家將自己的才能歸功于超自然力量，并非沒有超自然信仰。所以答案是 B。
44. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題：從最后一段 “Mre than a hundred years later, Jhn Keats, ne f the mst famus Rmantic pets, accused Newtn f reducing beauty by "unweaving the rainbw."” 可知，浪漫主義詩人認(rèn)為牛頓的發(fā)現(xiàn)減少了自然現(xiàn)象的詩意美，D 選項(xiàng)正確。A 選項(xiàng)與詩人觀點(diǎn)相悖；B 選項(xiàng)，詩人并未將牛頓的見解歸功于神秘影響；C 選項(xiàng)，文中未提及詩人因此在詩歌中融入更多科學(xué)主題。所以答案是 D。
45. 推理判斷題：作者提及約翰?濟(jì)慈和塞繆爾?泰勒?柯勒律治對牛頓的看法，是為了突出科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)對藝術(shù)認(rèn)知的影響，B 選項(xiàng)正確。A 選項(xiàng)，并非強(qiáng)調(diào)詩人創(chuàng)造力優(yōu)于科學(xué)家；C 選項(xiàng)，提及莎士比亞不是重點(diǎn)，重點(diǎn)是體現(xiàn)科學(xué)對藝術(shù)認(rèn)知的影響；D 選項(xiàng)，詩人并非反對科學(xué)進(jìn)步，而是認(rèn)為牛頓的發(fā)現(xiàn)影響了藝術(shù)對美的認(rèn)知。所以答案是 B。
46. 主旨大意題：文章圍繞藝術(shù)與科學(xué)展開，闡述了兩者在歷史認(rèn)知中的不同以及牛頓的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)對藝術(shù)認(rèn)知的影響，體現(xiàn)了藝術(shù)與科學(xué)的相互作用，C 選項(xiàng) “藝術(shù)與科學(xué)的相互作用” 為最佳標(biāo)題。A 選項(xiàng) “科學(xué)的藝術(shù)解讀” 片面；B 選項(xiàng) “藝術(shù)與邏輯的對比” 只是其中一部分內(nèi)容；D 選項(xiàng) “艾薩克?牛頓對藝術(shù)的影響” 也過于片面。所以答案是 C。
【重點(diǎn)詞快】
ultimate：adj. 最終的；根本的；最好的，最典型的
authrity：n. 權(quán)威；權(quán)力；當(dāng)局
inspiratin：n. 靈感；鼓舞人心的人（或事物）
mythlgy：n. 神話；神話學(xué)；虛構(gòu)的故事
supernatural：adj. 超自然的；神奇的；不可思議的
divrce：n. /v. 離婚；分離，脫離
prvince：n. 領(lǐng)域；省份；職權(quán)
prism：n. 棱鏡；棱柱體
refractin：n. 折射
venture：v. 冒險；敢于；冒昧地說 n. 冒險；風(fēng)險項(xiàng)目
sacred：adj. 神圣的；宗教的；莊嚴(yán)的
enhance：v. 提高；增強(qiáng)；增進(jìn)
sublime：adj. 絕妙的；宏偉的；令人贊嘆的
spectrscpy：n. 光譜學(xué)；波譜學(xué)
【復(fù)雜句式】
1.“Literally, "inspiratin" is the breathing in f a spirit. Artists were thught f as peple wh were uniquely inspired t create.”
分析：第一個句子是簡單句，闡述 “inspiratin” 字面含義。第二個句子中 “wh were uniquely inspired t create” 是定語從句，修飾先行詞 “peple”，說明被認(rèn)為是藝術(shù)家的這類人的特點(diǎn)。
翻譯：從字面上看，“靈感” 就是一種精神的吸入。藝術(shù)家被認(rèn)為是那些受到獨(dú)特啟發(fā)去創(chuàng)作的人。
2. “Whle mvements f art have centered n the suppsedly therwrldly nature f art. Fr example, the Rmantic pets believed that art was a term that meant an ultimate expressin f beauty and truth.”
分析：第一個句子為主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)，“centered n” 為謂語短語。第二個句子中 “that art was a term that meant an ultimate expressin f beauty and truth” 為賓語從句，作 “believed” 的賓語，其中 “that meant an ultimate expressin f beauty and truth” 又是定語從句，修飾 “term”。
翻譯：整個藝術(shù)運(yùn)動都圍繞著藝術(shù)所謂的超凡脫俗的本質(zhì)。例如，浪漫主義詩人認(rèn)為藝術(shù)是一個意味著美與真的終極表達(dá)的術(shù)語。
3. “Using a prism (棱鏡), Newtn fund that white light is actually cmpsed f all the clrs f the rainbw. He even prvided a scientific explanatin fr the presence f rainbws.”
分析：第一個句子中 “Using a prism” 為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作方式狀語，“that white light is actually cmpsed f all the clrs f the rainbw” 為賓語從句，作 “fund” 的賓語。第二個句子是簡單句。
翻譯：牛頓使用棱鏡發(fā)現(xiàn)，白光實(shí)際上是由彩虹的所有顏色組成的。他甚至為彩虹的出現(xiàn)提供了科學(xué)解釋。
4.“Mre than a hundred years later, Jhn Keats, ne f the mst famus Rmantic pets, accused Newtn f reducing beauty by "unweaving the rainbw."”
分析：“Mre than a hundred years later” 為時間狀語，“ne f the mst famus Rmantic pets” 為插入語，對 “Jhn Keats” 進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明，“accused Newtn f reducing beauty by "unweaving the rainbw"” 為句子的主干部分，其中 “by "unweaving the rainbw"” 為方式狀語。
翻譯：一百多年后，最著名的浪漫主義詩人之一約翰?濟(jì)慈指責(zé)牛頓通過 “解開彩虹” 來減少美。
5. “In his search t uncver the secrets f the rainbw, Newtn demnstrated the wnder, creativity, and inspiratin f an artist. He als gave the wrld anther pprtunity t experience the sublime (絕妙).”
分析：第一個句子中 “In his search t uncver the secrets f the rainbw” 為介詞短語作狀語，表明牛頓在做某事的過程中，句子主干為 “Newtn demnstrated the wnder, creativity, and inspiratin f an artist”。第二個句子是簡單句。
翻譯：在探索彩虹秘密的過程中，牛頓展現(xiàn)了藝術(shù)家的驚奇感、創(chuàng)造力和靈感。他也給了世界另一個體驗(yàn)絕妙之處的機(jī)會。
C
【來源】上海市上海中學(xué)2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期中考試英語試題
The recent trust crisis has led many scientists t take up arms t defend their enterprise, but in their attempt t fight back against varius frms f science denial, sme scientists say things that just aren’t true - and yu can’t build trust if the things yu are saying are nt trustwrthy.
One ppular mve is t insist that science is right - full stp - and that nce we discver the truth abut the wrld, we are dne. Anyne wh denies such truths is ignrant. Or, as Nbel Prize-winning physicist Steven Weinberg said, “Even thugh a scientific thery is in a sense a scial cnsensus (共識), it is unlike any ther srt f cnsensus in that it is culture-free and permanent.” Well, n. Science is a prcess f learning and discvery, and smetimes we learn that what we thught was right is wrng. Even a mdest familiarity with the histry f science ffers many examples f matters that scientists thught they had reslved, nly t discver that they needed t be recnsidered.
Anther ppular mve is t say scientific findings are true because scientists use “the scientific methd”. But we can never actually agree n what that methd is. Sme will say it is empiricism: bservatin and descriptin f the wrld. Others will say it is the experimental methd: the use f experiment t test hyptheses (假設(shè)). Recently sme prminent scientists claimed the scientific methd was t avid fling neself int thinking smething is true that is nt, and vice versa.
Each f these cmmnly-held views has its merits, but if the claim is that any ne f these is the scientific methd, then they all fail. Histry and philsphy have shwn that the idea f a singular scientific methd is, well, unscientific. In fact, the methds f science have varied between disciplines and acrss time. Many scientific practices, particularly statistical tests f significance, have been develped with the idea f aviding wishful thinking and self-deceptin, but that hardly cnstitutes “the scientific methd”. Scientists have bitterly argued abut which methds are the best, and, as we all knw, bitter arguments rarely get reslved.
In my view, the biggest mistake scientists make is t claim that this is all smehw simple and therefre t imply that anyne wh desn’t get it is dumb. Science is nt simple, and neither is the natural wrld; therein lies the challenge f science cmmunicatin. What we d is bth hard and, ften, hard t explain. Our effrts t understand and prtray the natural wrld are just that: effrts. Because we’re human, we ften fall flat. The gd news is that when that happens, we pick urselves up, brush urselves ff, and get back t wrk. Understanding the beautiful, cmplex wrld we live in, and using that knwledge t d useful things, is bth its wn reward and why taxpayers shuld be happy t fund research.
Scientific theries are nt perfect cpies f reality, but we have gd reasn t believe that they capture significant elements f it. And experience reminds us that when we ignre reality, it sner r later cmes back t bite us.
1．The qute frm Steven Weinberg is intended t ______.
A．illustrate that scientific theries are free frm cultural influences
B．stress what was believed t be true may turn ut t be false theries
C．shw even great scientists may be unfamiliar with the histry f science
D．serve as an example f the belief that science prduces permanent truths
2．What can be learned frm all the ppular pinins n “the scientific methd” mentined in the passage?
A．One way t make scientific discvery is ding experiments t bserve and describe the wrld.
B．Sme hld the scientific methd fcuses n prving hyptheses crrect thrugh experiments.
C．Sme suggest emplying the scientific methd t avid self-deceptin in scientific inquiry.
D．The scientific methd has evlved ver time and varied acrss scientific disciplines.
3．The underlined phrase “fall flat” in Paragraph 5 is clsest in meaning t ______.
A．fail t achieve a galB．lie n ne’s back
C．fall behind the timesD．rise t challenges
4．Which f the fllwing statements des the authr prbably agree with?
A．It’s pintless t agree n a single scientific methd as science is right in itself.
B．Science can’t supply abslute truths abut the real wrld, but it brings us clser.
C．Reflectin n the histry f science may help scientists restre public trust in science.
D．Making scientific theries easily understandable is the biggest challenge fr scientists.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要探討了在信任危機(jī)下科學(xué)家捍衛(wèi)科學(xué)事業(yè)時存在的問題，包括忽視科學(xué)是一個不斷學(xué)習(xí)與發(fā)現(xiàn)的過程，認(rèn)為某種單一的科學(xué)方法更好，以及將科學(xué)簡單化，同時指出科學(xué)不能提供關(guān)于現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的絕對真理，但它使我們更接近真理。
1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“One ppular mve is t insist that science is right - full stp - and that nce we discver the truth abut the wrld, we are dne. Anyne wh denies such truths is ignrant. Or, as Nbel Prize-winning physicist Steven Weinberg said, “Even thugh a scientific thery is in a sense a scial cnsensus (共識), it is unlike any ther srt f cnsensus in that it is culture-free and permanent.” (一種流行的做法是堅(jiān)稱科學(xué)是正確的——到此為止——一旦我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了世界的真相，我們就完成了任務(wù)。任何否認(rèn)這些真理的人都是無知的?；蛘?，正如諾貝爾獎得主物理學(xué)家Steven Weinberg所說，“盡管科學(xué)理論在某種意義上是一種社會共識，但它不同于任何其他類型的共識，因?yàn)樗皇芪幕挠绊?，而且是永恒的?！?”可知，Steven Weinberg認(rèn)為科學(xué)理論與文化無關(guān)，是永恒的，這支撐了前面提到的科學(xué)產(chǎn)生永恒真理的觀點(diǎn)，是對其例證。故選D項(xiàng)。
2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Recently sme prminent scientists claimed the scientific methd was t avid fling neself int thinking smething is true that is nt, and vice versa. (最近，一些著名的科學(xué)家聲稱，科學(xué)的方法是避免欺騙自己，使自己誤以為某事是真的，反之亦然。)”可知，一些人建議采用科學(xué)的方法來避免在科學(xué)研究中自我欺騙。A項(xiàng)“進(jìn)行科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)的一種方法是通過實(shí)驗(yàn)來觀察和描述世界”與第三段中“Sme will say it is empiricism: bservatin and descriptin f the wrld. (有人會說這是經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義：對世界的觀察和描述。)”不符，觀察和描述世界是經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義的方法；B項(xiàng)“一些人認(rèn)為科學(xué)方法的重點(diǎn)是通過實(shí)驗(yàn)證明假設(shè)是正確的”與第三段中“Others will say it is the experimental methd: the use f experiment t test hyptheses (假設(shè)). (其他人會說這是實(shí)驗(yàn)方法：用實(shí)驗(yàn)來檢驗(yàn)假設(shè)。)”不符，實(shí)驗(yàn)是用來檢驗(yàn)假設(shè)的，假設(shè)有可能被證偽；D項(xiàng)“科學(xué)方法隨著時間的推移而發(fā)展，在不同的科學(xué)學(xué)科中也有所不同”與第四段中“In fact, the methds f science have varied between disciplines and acrss time. (事實(shí)上，不同學(xué)科和不同時代的科學(xué)方法是不同的。)”不符，科學(xué)方法在不同時代不同不意味著它隨著時間的推移而發(fā)展。故選C項(xiàng)。
3．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線部分的上文“Science is nt simple, and neither is the natural wrld; therein lies the challenge f science cmmunicatin. What we d is bth hard and, ften, hard t explain. Our effrts t understand and prtray the natural wrld are just that: effrts. Because we’re human (科學(xué)并不簡單，自然界也不簡單；這就是科學(xué)傳播的挑戰(zhàn)所在。我們所做的事情既困難又難以解釋。我們理解和描繪自然界的努力僅僅是努力。因?yàn)槲覀兪侨祟?”可知，科學(xué)和自然界都不簡單，人類在理解和描繪自然界上面臨挑戰(zhàn)，存在局限性。由此可知，我們經(jīng)常會失敗，畫線部分意思應(yīng)該與fail t achieve a gal“目標(biāo)達(dá)成失敗”意思相近。故選A項(xiàng)。
4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Science is a prcess f learning and discvery, and smetimes we learn that what we thught was right is wrng. (科學(xué)是一個學(xué)習(xí)和發(fā)現(xiàn)的過程，有時我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)我們認(rèn)為正確的是錯誤的。)”、倒數(shù)第二段中“Science is nt simple, and neither is the natural wrld; therein lies the challenge f science cmmunicatin. What we d is bth hard and, ften, hard t explain. Our effrts t understand and prtray the natural wrld are just that: effrts. (科學(xué)并不簡單，自然界也不簡單；這就是科學(xué)傳播的挑戰(zhàn)所在。我們所做的事情既困難又難以解釋。我們理解和描繪自然世界的努力僅僅是努力。)”和最后一段中“Scientific theries are nt perfect cpies f reality, but we have gd reasn t believe that they capture significant elements f it. (科學(xué)理論并不是對現(xiàn)實(shí)的完美復(fù)制，但我們有充分的理由相信，它們捕捉到了現(xiàn)實(shí)的重要元素。)”可知，作者指出，人類在理解和描繪自然界上存在局限性，而且科學(xué)本身是學(xué)習(xí)和發(fā)現(xiàn)的過程，其中也會發(fā)生錯誤，但科學(xué)理論的確可以揭示現(xiàn)實(shí)的某些重要方面。由此可知，作者的觀點(diǎn)可能是“科學(xué)不能提供關(guān)于現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的絕對真理，但它使我們更接近真理”。故選B項(xiàng)。
D
【來源】上海市七寶中學(xué)2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期月考英語試題
In the cllege-admissins wars, we parents are the true fighters. We’re pushing ur kids t get gd grades, take SAT preparatry curses and build resumes t they can get int the cllege f ur first chice. I’ve twice been t the wars, and as I survey the battlefield, smething different is happening. We see ur kids’ cllege backgrund as a prize demnstrating hw well we’ve raised them. But we can’t acknwledge that ur bsessin is mre abut us than them. S we’ve cme up with varius justificatins that turn ut t be half-truths, prejudices r myths. It actually desn’t matter much whether Aarn and Nicle g t Stanfrd.
We have a full-blwn prestige panic; we wrry that there wn’t be enugh prizes t g arund. Fearful parents urge their children t apply t mre schls than ever. Underlying the hysteria (歇斯底里) is the belief that scarce elite degrees must be highly valuable. Their graduates must enjy mre success because they get a better educatin and develp better cntacts. All that is plausible-- and mstly wrng. We haven’t fund any cnvincing evidence that selectivity r prestige matters. Selective schls dn’t systematically emply better instructinal appraches than less selective schls, On tw measures- prfessrs’ feedback and the number f essay exams selective schls d slightly wrse.
By sme studies, selective schls d enhance their graduates’ lifetime earnings. The gain is cnsidered at 2-4% fr every 100-pint increase in a schl’s average SAT scres. But even this advantage is prbably a statistical fluke (偶然). A well-knwn study examined students wh gt int highly selective schls and then went elsewhere. They earned just as much as graduates frm higher-status schls.
Kids cunt mre than their clleges. Getting int Yale may signify intelligence, talent and ambitin. But it’s nt the nly indicatr and its significance is declining. The reasn: s many similar peple g elsewhere. Getting int cllege is nt life’s nly cmpetitin. In the next cmpetitin--the jb market and graduate schl-the results may change. Old-by netwrks are breaking dwn. Princetn ecnmist Alan Krueger studied admissins t ne tp Ph.D．prgram. High scres n the GRE helped explain wh gt in; degrees f prestigius universities didn’t.
S, parents, lighten up. The stakes (風(fēng)險) have been vastly exaggerated. Up t a pint, we can ratinalize (合理化) ur pushiness. America is a cmpetitive sciety; ur kids need t adjust t that. But t much pushiness can be destructive. The very ambitin we impse n ur children may get sme int Harvard but may als set them up fr disappintment. One study fund that, ther things being equal, graduates f highly selective schls experienced mre jb dissatisfactin. They may have been s cnditined t being n tp that anything less disappints.
9．Why des the authr say that parents are the true fighters in the cllege-admissins wars?
A．They have the final say in which university their children are t attend.
B．They knw best which universities are mst suitable fr their children.
C．They care mre abut which cllege their children g t than the children themselves.
D．They have t carry ut intensive surveys f clleges befre children make an applicatin.
10．What des the authr mean by “kids cunt mre than their clleges” Line 1, para.4?
A．Cntinuing educatin is mre imprtant t a persn’s success.
B．Kids’ actual abilities are mre imprtant than their cllege backgrund.
C．A persn’s happiness shuld be valued mre than their educatin.
D．What kids learn at cllege cannt keep up with jb market requirements.
11．What des Krueger’s study tell us?
A．Getting int Ph.D．prgrams may be mre cmpetitive than getting int cllege.
B．Graduates frm prestigius universities d nt care much abut their GRE scres.
C．Cnnectins built in prestigius universities may be sustained lng after graduatin.
D．Degrees f prestigius universities d nt guarantee entry t graduate prgrams.
12．Accrding t the passage, ne pssible result f pushing children int elite universities is that ________.
A．they experience mre jb dissatisfactin after graduatin
B．they earn less than their peers frm ther institutins
C．they turn ut t be less cmpetitive in the jb market
D．they veremphasize their qualificatins in jb applicatin
【答案】9．C 10．B 11．D 12．A
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要圍繞大學(xué)錄取戰(zhàn)爭中的家長行為、名校崇拜的現(xiàn)象及其背后的真相展開論述，對這一現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行了深入的分析和批判，并給出了作者自己的建議和看法。
9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“In the cllege-admissins wars, we parents are the true fighters. We’re pushing ur kids t get gd grades, take SAT preparatry curses and build resumes t they can get int the cllege f ur first chice.(在大學(xué)錄取這場戰(zhàn)役中，我們家長才是真正的戰(zhàn)士。我們催促孩子取得好成績，參加SAT備考課程，并打造簡歷，以便他們能進(jìn)入我們首選的大學(xué)。)”以及“We see ur kids’ cllege backgrund as a prize demnstrating hw well we’ve raised them. But we can’t acknwledge that ur bsessin is mre abut us than them.(我們把孩子的大學(xué)背景視為一個獎品，證明我們把他們培養(yǎng)得有多好。但我們不愿承認(rèn)，我們的癡迷更多是關(guān)于我們自己，而不是他們。)”可知，家長比孩子更關(guān)心他們上哪所大學(xué)，因此成為了這場“戰(zhàn)爭”中的真正戰(zhàn)士。故選C。
10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)該句下文“Getting int Yale may signify intelligence, talent and ambitin. But it’s nt the nly indicatr and its significance is declining. The reasn: s many similar peple g elsewhere. Getting int cllege is nt life’s nly cmpetitin. In the next cmpetitin — the jb market and graduate schl — the results may change.(進(jìn)入耶魯可能代表著智慧、才華和雄心壯志。但這并不是唯一的指標(biāo)，而且其重要性正在下降。原因是，很多類似的人都去了其他學(xué)校。進(jìn)入大學(xué)并不是人生中的唯一競爭。在接下來的競爭——就業(yè)市場和研究生院中——結(jié)果可能會發(fā)生變化。)”可知，進(jìn)入好的大學(xué)確實(shí)很重要，但是步入社會后，實(shí)際能力可能更重要。故選B。
11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Princetn ecnmist Alan Krueger studied admissins t ne tp Ph.D. prgram. High scres n the GRE helped explain wh gt in; degrees f prestigius universities didn’t.(普林斯頓大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家Alan Krueger研究了一個頂尖博士項(xiàng)目的錄取情況。高分GRE成績有助于解釋誰能被錄取；而名校學(xué)位則沒有這種作用。)”可知，Krueger的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，對于申請頂尖法學(xué)院的學(xué)生來說，本科學(xué)校的名氣并沒有像人們普遍認(rèn)為的那樣重要，即使本科是名校，也不能保證進(jìn)入研究生項(xiàng)目。故選D。
12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“The very ambitin we impse n ur children may get sme int Harvard but may als set them up fr disappintment. One study fund that, ther things being equal, graduates f highly selective schls experienced mre jb dissatisfactin. They may have been s cnditined t being n tp that anything less disappints.(我們對孩子強(qiáng)加的雄心可能會讓他們中的一些人進(jìn)入哈佛大學(xué)，但也可能讓他們?yōu)槭裣路P。一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在其他條件相同的情況下，高度選擇性學(xué)校的畢業(yè)生對工作的滿意度更低。他們可能已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了處于頂尖地位，因此任何低于這一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的結(jié)果都會讓他們感到失望。)”可知，家長對孩子進(jìn)入名校的過度關(guān)注可能導(dǎo)致孩子沒有真正準(zhǔn)備好面對現(xiàn)實(shí)世界，從而可能在畢業(yè)后對工作和職業(yè)有更多的不滿。故選A。

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