目錄
TOC \ "1-3" \h \z \u \l "_Tc148898652" 題型綜述2
\l "_Tc148898652" 解題攻略3
\l "_Tc148898653" 題型01 文章大意題3
\l "_Tc148898654" 題型02 段落大意題5
\l "_Tc148898655" 題型03 標題歸納題7
\l "_Tc148898657" 高考練場9
\l "_Tc148898657" 變式演練 PAGEREF _Tc148898657 \h 13
題型簡介
主旨大意題主要考查考生對文章中心思想或段落大意的歸納、概括和總結能力。它要求考生能夠理解文章的整體結構和主要內容，把握作者的寫作意圖。
這種題型在高考英語閱讀中占有重要地位，因為它能體現考生對文章全局的把握，是一種高層次的閱讀理解能力考查。一般來說，每篇閱讀理解文章都會涉及至少一道主旨大意題，或者與主旨相關的題目，如最佳標題題等。主旨大意題的設問方式多樣，位置通常在文章后的題目開頭或結尾部分，但也可能出現在中間位置。
命題類型
文章主旨題：這類題目要求概括整篇文章的中心思想。例如，“What's the main idea f the passage?” 或者 “The passage is mainly abut...”。 答案選項通常是對文章核心內容的綜合表述，涵蓋了文章多個段落的要點信息。
段落主旨題：主要針對文章中的某一個段落，考查考生對該段落中心內容的理解。如 “What's the main pint f the third paragraph?”。答案往往是該段落主題句的同義替換或者對段落細節(jié)信息的概括。
最佳標題題：要求考生從選項中選擇一個最適合文章的標題。像 “Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?”。標題要能夠準確地反映文章的主題，并且具有吸引力，同時還要簡潔明了，避免范圍過大或過小。
解題思路
尋找主題句法
位置判斷：主題句在文章中的位置通常有一定規(guī)律。大部分情況下，主題句出現在文章的開頭部分，開門見山地闡述文章主旨；有些文章主題句在結尾，起到總結全文的作用；還有少數文章主題句在中間，需要結合上下文來判斷。
特點把握：主題句一般具有概括性強、涵蓋范圍廣的特點，能夠準確地表達文章或者段落的核心內容。例如，在一篇講述環(huán)境保護措施的文章中，開頭的主題句可能是 “Varius effective measures have been taken t prtect the envirnment in recent years.”。
歸納法
細節(jié)整合：如果文章沒有明顯的主題句，就需要對文章的細節(jié)信息進行歸納總結。把各個段落的主要內容提煉出來，尋找它們的共同點或者關聯點，從而概括出文章的主旨。
注意事項：在歸納過程中，要避免遺漏重要信息，同時也要排除那些只涉及部分內容的選項。比如，一篇文章分別介紹了科技對教育、醫(yī)療和交通的積極影響，歸納主旨時就要涵蓋這三個方面，不能只強調其中一個領域。
關注關鍵詞法
高頻詞識別：注意文章中反復出現的關鍵詞。這些關鍵詞往往與文章的主題密切相關。例如，一篇文章多次出現 “AI（人工智能）”“machine learning（機器學習）”“big data（大數據）” 等詞匯，那么文章主旨很可能是關于人工智能技術及其相關應用的。
同義替換詞注意：同時還要留意與這些關鍵詞意思相近的表達，它們也有助于確定文章主旨。比如，除了 “AI” 之外，還出現了 “artificial intelligence technlgy” 等表達。
命題方式
【常見考法】主旨大意題經常使用的提問方式有：
1) What is the text mainly abut?
2) What is the best title fr the text?
3) What can be a suitable title fr the text?
4) What's the mainly abut?
5) What's the main idea discussed in the first/secnd/third/.. paragraph?
題型01 段落大意題

一、常見設問方式
? What des the authr tell us in Paragraph
? The main idea f the secnd paragraph prbably is ________.
? The first paragraph is mainly abut ________.
? Which f the fllwing can best summarize Para.1?
? What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
二、首尾兼顧法尋找主題句：
1.段首段尾：段首--主題句多為段首一兩句(觀點或對象)；段尾--主題句也常為段尾句(結論或總結)。
2.段中：主題句有時在段中(前面的話是為引出主題）。
3.無主題句：有時沒有主題句，需根據段落內容自己概括。
（2025年長寧一模）
Unemplyment is a significant prblem in many develping cuntries. Withut steady wrk, individuals struggle t rise ut f pverty, and the cmmunity as a whle als misses ut. Many unemplyed peple culd have dne much gd thrugh their labur if they had been given the pprtunity t cntribute. Wrse, withut pprtunities fr prper emplyment, yung peple smetimes turn t crime and vilence in rder t prvide fr themselves. Thus, giving peple pprtunities t wrk is essential fr the cmmunity’s well-being.
43. What is paragraph 1 mainly abut?
A. The rle f the gvernment in creating jb pprtunities.
B. The imprtance f educatin fr reducing unemplyment rates.
C. The necessity f prviding wrk pprtunities t prevent crime.
D. The cnsequences f unemplyment n individuals and cmmunities.
【答案】43. D
【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了在許多發(fā)展中國家，失業(yè)是一個嚴重的問題，并通過盧旺達的一個創(chuàng)業(yè)案例說明支持年輕人創(chuàng)業(yè)是幫助減少失業(yè)、解決社區(qū)問題的有效途徑。
【43題詳解】
主旨大意題 。根據文章第一段“Unemplyment is a significant prblem in many develping cuntries. Withut steady wrk, individuals struggle t rise ut f pverty, and the cmmunity as a whle als misses ut.(失業(yè)是許多發(fā)展中國家的一個重要問題。沒有穩(wěn)定的工作，個人難以擺脫貧困，整個社區(qū)也無法受益)”和“Wrse, withut pprtunities fr prper emplyment, yung peple smetimes turn t crime and vilence in rder t prvide fr themselves.(更糟糕的是，沒有適當就業(yè)的機會，年輕人有時會為了養(yǎng)活自己而訴諸犯罪和暴力。)”可知，本段主要討論失業(yè)對個人和社區(qū)的影響。故選D。
題型02 文章大意題

一、提問方式
? What’s the main idea/pint f the passage?
? The passage is mainly abut ________.
? The passage is mainly cncerned abut ________.
? Which f the fllwing best states the main idea f the passage?
? Which f the fllwing statements best expresses the main idea/theme f the passage?
? In this passage the authr discusses primarily ________.
? The subject discussed in this text is ________.
? The general/main idea f the passage is abut ________.
二、主旨大意歸納法：
1.略讀法：讀文章標題；讀首尾段落；讀段落首尾句；留意表句段關系的關聯詞之后的內容。
2.文體法：新聞報道、議論文和說明文--主題句在首段；記敘文、議論文--主題句一般在尾段。
3.詞語法：在文中出現頻率較高的主題詞。
4.概括法：無主題句的文章，需讀者自己概括大意。
?找主題句的技巧：
1. 段落中出現表示轉折的詞語(如hwever, but, in fact, actually等)時，該句很可能是主題句。
2. 首段出現疑問句時，對該問句的回答很可能就是文章主旨。
3. 作者有意識地重復的觀點，通常是主旨；反復出現的詞語，一般為體現文章主旨的關鍵詞。
4. 表示總結或結論的句子常包含therefre, thus, in shrt, cnclude, cnclusin等詞，通常是主旨。
（2025年普陀區(qū)一模）
Summerhill
This is a stry f a mdern schl—Summerhill. Summerhill began as an experimental schl. It is n lnger such;it is nw a demnstratin schl, fr it demnstrates that freedm wrks. When my wife and I began the schl, we had ne main philsphy:t make the schl fit the child— instead f making the child fit the schl.
Obviusly, a schl that makes active children sit at desks studying mstly useless subjects is a bad schl. It is a gd schl nly fr thse wh believe in such a schl, fr thse uncreative citizens wh want bedient, uncreative children wh will fit int a civilizatin whse standard f success is fame and frtune.
I had taught in rdinary schls fr many years. I knew the ther way well. I knew it was all wrng. It was wrng because it was based n an adult cnceptin f what a child shuld be and f hw a child shuld learn.
Well, we set ut t make a schl in which we shuld allw children freedm t be themselves. In rder t d this, we had t abandn all disciplines, all directins, all suggestins, all mral training, and all religius instructins. We have been called brave, but it did nt require curage. All it required was what we had—a cmplete belief in the child as a gd, nt an evil, being.
My view is that a child is brn wise and realistic. If left t himself withut adult suggestins f any kind, he will develp as far as he is capable f develping. Lgically, Summerhill is a place in which peple wh have the inherent ability and wish t be schlars will be schlars;while thse wh are nly fit t sweep the streets will sweep the streets. But we have nt prduced a street cleaner s far. Nr d I write this snbbishly(勢利的), fr I wuld rather see a schl prduce a happy street cleaner than an anxius schlar.
38. What is the main idea f the passage?
A. Summerhill Schl uses a unique educatinal apprach centered n giving children freedm.
B. Summerhill Schl believes every child has the ptential t becme a successful schlar.
C. Summerhill Schl rejects strict discipline and fcuses n a child-centered envirnment.
D. Summerhill Schl challenges the traditinal mdel by emphasizing children's independence.
【答案】 A
【導讀】本文主要介紹了 Summerhill 學校。該校從一所實驗學校發(fā)展為示范學校，其核心理念是讓學校適應孩子，而非讓孩子適應學校。學校摒棄傳統(tǒng)的紀律、指導等，堅信孩子天生善良、明智且現實，給予孩子充分自由，旨在培養(yǎng)快樂的個體，而非僅僅追求學術成就。
【38 題詳解】
主旨大意題。文章開篇介紹 Summerhill 學校的創(chuàng)辦理念是讓學校適應孩子，接著闡述學校摒棄傳統(tǒng)的紀律等，給予孩子自由，以讓孩子自由發(fā)展。A 選項 “Summerhill 學校采用一種以給予孩子自由為核心的獨特教育方法” 全面概括了文章主旨；B 選項 “Summerhill 學校認為每個孩子都有成為成功學者的潛力” 過于片面，文章強調孩子可以自由發(fā)展成適合自己的樣子，不只是成為學者；C 選項 “Summerhill 學校拒絕嚴格紀律，專注于以孩子為中心的環(huán)境”，沒有突出給予孩子自由這一核心要點；D 選項 “Summerhill 學校通過強調孩子的獨立性來挑戰(zhàn)傳統(tǒng)模式”，文章重點強調的是給予孩子自由，而非單純強調獨立性。所以答案是 A。
（2025年嘉定一模）
Sme dishes give ff an unmistakable air f elegance. Take a flawlessly clear cnsmmé (清燉肉湯) fr instance. Others are less s, like a pizza with a dense crust. And then there are dishes that seem t bridge the gap, appearing n menus acrss the range f taste and class. The chclate fndant is ne such dessert, lved fr its simple, rich pleasure and luxury.
Thugh different in technique, bth chéfs shared a visin f the fndant as a fancy, rich treat, a dessert designed t satisfy bth the taste buds (味蕾) and a desire fr elegance. Initially, it was a delicacy reserved fr high-end dining rms and the mst exclusive restaurants. In America, it became a symbl f refined dessert culture, representing a particular kind f elegance.
46. What is the main idea f the passage?
A. The chclate fndant's simplicity makes it easy fr chefs t prepare.
B. The chclate fndant has gne frm a high-end dessert t a cmmn treat.
C. The chclate fndant riginates in France and then spread t the whle wrld.
D. The chclate fndant is superir t ther desserts because f its mlten center.
【答案】 46. B
【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了巧克力軟糖的發(fā)明以及從高端甜點如何變成普通食物的過程。
【46題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據第三段“Initially, it was a delicacy reserved fr high-end dining rms and the mst exclusive restaurants. In America, it became a symbl f refined dessert culture, representing a particular kind f elegance. (最初，它是高端餐廳和最高檔餐廳的美食。在美國，它成為精致甜點文化的象征，代表著一種特殊的優(yōu)雅。)”以及最后一段“Over time, the fndant evlved int what many nw knwn as the “mlten chclate cake” r “chclate lava cake.” (隨著時間的推移，這種糖演變成了現在人們所知的“熔融巧克力蛋糕”或“巧克力熔巖蛋糕”。)”結合文章主要介紹了巧克力軟糖的發(fā)明以及從高端甜點如何變成普通食物的過程?？芍?，這篇文章的主旨是巧克力軟糖已經從一種高端甜點變成了一種普通的食物。故選B。
題型03 標題歸納題

一、提問方式
? The best title f the passage is ________.
? Which f the fllwing is the best title f the passage?
? What wuld be the best title fr the passage?
? The mst apprpriate title f the passage is ______.
二、文章標題四大特性：
1.概括性：概括全文，體現主旨；
2.針對性：內涵相符，范圍一致；
3.新穎性：新穎奇特，吸引眼球；
4.簡短性：名詞短語,動名詞短語或祈使句。
文章標題干擾項特點：斷章取義(僅為文中一細節(jié))；以偏概全；離題太遠。
(一)理解標題的三大特點：1. 概括性——準確而又簡短；2. 針對性——標題外延正好與文章內容相符；3. 醒目性——能引發(fā)讀者的閱讀欲望。
(二)確定文章標題：1. 正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基礎上，看哪個選項能準確概括主旨；2. 反面否定法：撇開原文，拿各個備選項去設想用它們寫出來的“文章”將是什么內容，然后和原文章對照，一一排除不符選項；3. 研讀、比較四個選項：研讀四個選項里面的中心詞、修飾詞的變化、概括性等。
（2025年長寧一模）
We ften picture tday’s teens as scial-media addicts. They stare at their phnes 24/7 and lash ut when they can’t have their WeChat fix. But the truth is mre cmplicated: While they depend n scial media t keep up with friends, it des have a tendency t make them feel helpless under the pressure, and they knw it.
When I spke t fur students at Ntre Dame High Schl in Sherman Oaks, Calif., as part f my natin-wide teen listening tur, they tld me they make cnscius chices abut wh they share things with n scial media, hw they manage their accunts and hw they handle their wn burnut.
While teens generally acknwledge that scial media helps them keep up with their friends, arund 45% f them say they feel trubled by the drama they ften encunter, accrding t Pew Research Center. Rughly fur in 10 teenagers say they feel pressure t pst nly things that shw them in a psitive light r that generate a lt f cmments r likes.
The Sherman Oaks teens I spke with say they t have taken breaks t avid burnut. They all have friends wh dn’t even bther with scial media, and they say they admire it. Still, the fear f missing ut usually draws them back. Or, as ne f the fur students tld me, “It kind f gets a little lnely after a while.”
39. Which f the fllwing is the best title f the passage?
A. The dwnside f scial media: Why teens get addicted
B. The scial media: Mre cnnectivity than islatin amng teens
C. The unseen cnsequences f scial media: A teenage perspective
D. The influence f scial media: A cmprehensive teenage analysis
【答案】
39. C
【導語】本文是一篇說明文。本文主要講述了在社交媒體上的一些行為對于青少年的影響。
【39題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據文章第一段“But the truth is mre cmplicated: While they depend n scial media t keep up with friends, it des have a tendency t make them feel helpless under the pressure, and they knw it.(但事實要復雜得多：雖然他們依靠社交媒體與朋友保持聯系，但這確實會讓他們在壓力下感到無助，他們也知道這一點)”以及大意可知，本文主要講述了在社交媒體上的一些行為對于青少年的影響。結合選項可知，C項：The unseen cnsequences f scial media: A teenage perspective“社交媒體的隱性后果：青少年的視角”符合題意，故答案為C。
（2025年金山一模）
I was walking hme when a well-dressed man plitely stpped me. “Culd yu tell me which way t Blr and…” He struggled t get the next wrd ut with a pained lk, but I knew better than t finish his sentence fr him. “… Bathurst?” he said after several secnds f trying. When I answered, he tld me that he didn’t actually need t knw. He was practising stuttering (口吃) penly, he explained, hping t becme mre cnfident ding s arund strangers.
As fr me, I’d say that my stutter has nt “magically disappeared” because I’ve simply fund ways t cnceal (隱藏) it. But I have a better therapy nw-I will grw alngside it, an identity inseparable frm the way that I speak. Thinking abut this, I decided t tell the man, wh was still lking at me hpefully: “______.”
39. What’s the best title fr this passage?
A. My stutter, myselfB. New definitins fr stutter
C. Stutter, a life-changing disabilityD. A special encunter with stutterers
【答案】
39. A
【導語】這是一篇記敘文。講述了作者遇到一個穿著考究的男人來問路，雖然有口吃，但是男人阻止了作者的接話，因為他想在與陌生人交談時更勇敢一些。這讓作者想到了自己曾經也有口吃，但是作者選擇了讓口吃成為自己的一部分。
【39題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據最后一段“As fr me, I’d say that my stutter has nt “magically disappeared” because I’ve simply fund ways t cnceal (隱藏) it. But I have a better therapy nw-I will grw alngside it, an identity inseparable frm the way that I speak.(至于我，我想說我的口吃并沒有“神奇地消失”，因為我只是找到了隱藏它的方法。但我現在有了更好的治療方法——我將與它一起成長，一種與我說話方式密不可分的身份)”結合文章講述了作者遇到一個穿著考究的男人來問路，雖然有口吃，但是男人阻止了作者的接話，因為他想在與陌生人交談時更勇敢一些。這讓作者想到了自己曾經也有口吃，但是作者選擇了讓口吃成為自己的一部分?？芍珹選項“我的口吃——我的一部分”最符合文章標題。故選A。
題型01 段落大意題
(上海市實驗學校2024-2025學年高三上學期十月月考試題)
These are knwn prblems, and there are plenty f ideas ut there t slve them. “Figure-strming” is a way fr peple t cmbat grup-think by pretending t be an influential persn trying t address the prblems. Sme simpler rules are much mre likely t help. Define the limits f a brainstrming sessin upfrnt. Try t make a specific thing wrk better rather than t sht fr the Mn. Invlve peple yu dn’t knw, as well as thse yu d. Start by getting peple t write their ideas dwn in silence, s extrverts and bsses have less chance t dminate. And be clear abut the next steps after the sessin is ver; the attractin f hlding a “design sprint (沖刺)”, a weeklng, clear-the-diary way fr a team t develp and test prduct prttypes, is that the thread cnnecting ideas t utcmes is tight. All f them wuld make brainstrming a little mre thught-prvking and less heart-sinking.
46. What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
A. Varius slutins t the prblems with brainstrming.
B. Hw “figure-strming” cntributes t brainstrming.
C. Reasns why brainstrming sessins are painful.
D. Thught-prvking versus heart-sinking.
【答案】 46. A
【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了頭腦風暴這一概念，討論了造成頭腦風暴痛苦的原因及其解決辦法，通過分析其內環(huán)的平衡點如創(chuàng)造力和可行性、管理者和非管理者、不同個性和思維風格的沖突，提出了改善頭腦風暴過程的一些技巧和方法。
【46題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據最后一段中“These are knwn prblems, and there are plenty f ideas ut there t slve them. (這些都是已知的問題，有很多想法可以解決它們)”可知，本段主要討論的是解決頭腦風暴中已知問題的各種方法。故選A項。
(2024年新課標高考英語I卷B篇)
“I am nt crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shrtly after perfrming acupuncture (針灸) n a rabbit. “I am ahead f my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even sme f his cwrkers ccasinally laugh at his unusual methds. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s ne f a small but grwing number f American veterinarians (獸醫(yī)) nw practicing “hlistic” medicine – cmbining traditinal Western treatments with acupuncture, chirpractic (按摩療法) and herbal medicine.
Farber, a graduate f Clrad State University, started ut as a mre cnventinal veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ag when he suffered frm terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but fund little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he imprved after tw r three treatments. What wrked n a veterinarian seemed likely t wrk n his patients. S, after studying the techniques fr a cuple f years, he began ffering them t pets.
Leigh Tindale’s dg Charlie had a serius heart cnditin. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared t put him t sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dg’s suffering s much that she was able t keep him alive fr an additinal five mnths. And Priscilla Dewing reprts that her hrse, Nappy, “mves mre easily and rides mre cmfrtably” after a chirpractic adjustment.
Farber is certain that the hlistic apprach will grw mre ppular with time, and if the past is any indicatin, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Hlistic Veterinary Medical Assciatin has grwn frm 30 t ver 700. “Smetimes it surprises me that it wrks s well,” he says. “I will d anything t help an animal. That’s my jb.”
26. What des paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?
A. Steps f a chirpractic treatment.
B. The cmplexity f veterinarians’ wrk.
C. Examples f rare animal diseases.
D. The effectiveness f hlistic medicine.
題型02 文章大意題
(上海市寶山區(qū)上海大學附屬中學2024-2025學年高三上學期期中英語考試)
Almst half a millin yung ak (橡樹) trees have been saved after The Times revealed they were due t be destryed because f delays in gvernment help t create mre wdland.
A tree nursery said in March that it had been unable t find buyers fr the ne and tw-year-ld seedlings f England’s natinal tree.
After The Times reprted n the plan, dzens f charities, cmmunity grups and individuals all ver the cuntry gt in tuch with Maelr t ask if they culd help.
Natasha Smers, a vlunteer fr Save the Oaks, said, “The supprt we’ve seen shws hw a cmmunity can cme tgether in difficult times. It’s clear that peple want t act fr a better future, ne where humanity and nature are cnnected.”
39. What is the passage mainly abut?
A. A prspective apprach t planting.
B.A natinwide effrt t save ak trees.
C. A tree nursery devted t preserving endangered trees.
D. A species f trees that are threatened with extinctin.
【答案】39. B
【導語】這是一篇新聞稿。文章講述通過《泰晤士報》報道，全國各組織一起努力拯救了50萬棵橡樹苗的故事。
【39題詳解】
主旨大意題。由文章第一段“Almst half a millin yung ak (橡樹) trees have been saved after The Times revealed they were due t be destryed because f delays in gvernment help t create mre wdland.(《泰晤士報》透露，由于政府在幫助創(chuàng)造更多林地方面的延誤，近50萬棵年輕的橡樹將被摧毀，此后這些橡樹得以幸存)”、第五段“After The Times reprted n the plan, dzens f charities, cmmunity grups and individuals all ver the cuntry gt in tuch with Maelr t ask if they culd help.(在《泰晤士報》報道了該計劃后，全國各地的數十家慈善機構、社區(qū)團體和個人與Maelr聯系，詢問他們是否可以提供幫助)”以及上下文可知，文章主要講通過《泰晤士報》報道，全國各組織一起努力拯救了50萬棵橡樹苗的故事。所以B項A natinwide effrt t save ak trees.(全國范圍內拯救橡樹的努力)符合語境。故選B項。
(2024年新課標高考英語II卷C篇)
We all knw fresh is best when it cmes t fd. Hwever, mst prduce at the stre went thrugh weeks f travel and cvered hundreds f miles befre reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a slid chice t reduce the jurney, Babyln Micr-Farm (BMF) shrtens it even mre.
BMF is an indr garden system. It can be set up fr a family. Additinally, it culd serve a larger audience such as a hspital, restaurant r schl. The innvative design requires little effrt t achieve a reliable weekly supply f fresh greens.
Specifically, it’s a farm that relies n new technlgy. By cnnecting thrugh the Clud, BMF is remtely mnitred. Als, there is a cnvenient app that prvides grwing data in real time. Because the system is autmated, it significantly reduces the amunt f water needed t grw plants. Rather than watering rws f sil, the system prvides just the right amunt t each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pd (容器) t get the next grwth cycle started.
Mrever, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zer emissins (排放) frm transprting plants frm sil t salad. In additin, there’s n need fr pesticides and ther chemicals that pllute traditinal farms and the surrunding envirnment.
BMF emplyees live ut sustainability in their everyday lives. Abut half f them walk r bike t wrk. Inside the ffice, they encurage recycling and waste reductin by limiting garbage cans and aviding single-use plastic. “We are passinate abut reducing waste, carbn and chemicals in ur envirnment,” said a BMF emplyee.
11. What des the text mainly talk abut?
A. BMF’s majr strengths.B. BMF’s general management.
C. BMF’s glbal influence.D. BMF’s technical standards.
題型03 標題歸納題
(上海市向明中學2024-2025學年高三上學期期中測試卷)
“Gd mrning, everyne. Gd mrning.” It’s 5:30 a. m. , and a speaker-annuncement jlts me awake frm a dead sleep. “We have abut 20 r s humpback whales utside ur ship.”
I launch myself ut f bed, darting ut f my cabin and up t a viewing deck. There they are, arching their knbby drsal fins gracefully abve the water and casting their flukes int the crisp mrning air befre taking a shallw dive. Shrtly after, the sunrise annunces itself. Then, icebergs appear ut f the mist.
Once a pstdc and research scientist at the University f Michigan, Kurt Hillig takes phts f everything frm flwers t glaciers alng the way. Recrd keeping. “This is here nw and I’m here nw,” he says. “I’m trying t capture it befre it disappears, s I can share it with ther peple shw them this is what the wrld culd have been, if we hadn’t been s driven by prfit instead f pleasure.”
39. The best title fr the passage is ________.
A. Last-Chance TurismB. A Sustainable Expeditin
C. Escaping t Endangered PlacesD. Risky Adventures: The Last Frntier
【答案】 39. A
【導語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議的文章。本文主要講述了作者乘坐探險游輪前往冰島，途中看到了瀕危的座頭鯨和冰山，由此引發(fā)了作者對于“末日旅游”的思考。作者認為，在瀕危之地被徹底改變或消失之前，見證這些美景是非常有意義的。
【39題詳解】
主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其最后一段“I’m trying t capture it befre it disappears, s I can share it with ther peple shw them this is what the wrld culd have been, if we hadn’t been s driven by prfit instead f pleasure.”(我正在嘗試在它消失之前捕捉到這些畫面，這樣我就可以與其他人分享，向他們展示如果我們不是如此追求利潤而是追求快樂，世界本可能是什么樣子。)”可知，文章主要講述了作者和Kurt Hillig的“末日旅游”，他們想在瀕危之地被徹底改變或消失之前，見證這些瀕危之地的美景。由此可知，A選項“Last-Chance Turism(末日旅游)”最符合文章標題。故選A項。
(2024年全國高考英語甲卷B篇)
Animals can express their needs using a lt f ways. Fr instance, almst all animals have distinct vcals (聲音) that they rely n t either ask fr help, scare away any dangerus animals r lk fr shelter. But cats are special creatures wh pssess amazing vcalizatin skills. They are able t have entire cnversatins with humans using mews and yu're able t interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep mewing t attract attentin and find fd. Hwever, when a cat is lking fr affectin, they tend t prduce stretched and sft mews. Mewing starts as sn as a baby cat is brught t life and uses it t get the mther's attentin and be fed.
Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense f smell is quite impressive. They use their nses t assess their envirnment and lk ut fr any signs f danger. They will sniff ut specific areas befre they chse a place t relax. Hwever, anther way the cats are able t distinguish between situatins is by lking fr familiar smells. Yur cat will likely smell yur face and stre the smell in its memry and use it t recgnize yu in the future. That's why mst pet cats are able t tell immediately if their wners were arund any ther cats, which they dn't usually like.
Dgs are knwn fr their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavir up a ntch. Many cats will find randm bjects utside and bring them t their wners. This is a very ld habit that's been present in all kinds f predatrs (食肉動物). Cats bring gifts fr their wners t shw they lve yu. These adrable little hunters are just ding smething that it's been in their nature since the beginning f time. S just g alng with it!
7. What is a suitable title fr the text?
A. Tips n Finding a Smart CatB. Understanding Yur Cat's Behavir
C. Have Fun with Yur CatD. Hw t Keep Yur Cat Healthy
（2025年崇明一模）
The Pulitzers are American awards given within the United States fr utstanding achievement in jurnalism as well as bks, drama and music. Under these headings, there are 22 categries including nline jurnalism, newspaper reprting, fictin, histry, music, drama, petry, phtgraphy and mre. Recipients can be a news rganizatin, an individual r a grup f peple.
Each f the first 21 winners receives a $15,000 cash prize and a certificate. The twenty-secnd prize, hwever, is the Public Service Prize, which is always given t a news agency. Instead f cash, the news rganizatin receives the Pulitzer Gld Medal. The name f the year’s winner is n ne side f the cin and the year is n the ther. All winners are hnred and awarded their prizes at an annual lunch party. The event takes place at Clumbia University, which was riginally tasked with administering the award, and usually ccurs in May.
If it hadn’t been fr a Hungarian-American named Jseph Pulitzer, the awards wuld never have cme int existence. Pulitzer was brn int a wealthy family in Hungary in 1847. He made his way t America and built a career in jurnalism. He develped a reputatin as an ambitius and energetic yung jurnalist. By 1872 Pulitzer had becme a publisher, and six years later he wned a newspaper cmpany. In 1883 he purchased yet anther newspaper. He became knwn as smene wh was nt afraid t take a public stand against crruptin (腐敗).
After a successful career in jurnalism, seven years befre his death, Pulitzer wrte a will, leaving $2,000,000 t Clumbia University. The mney was t establish a schl f jurnalism at Clumbia and a set f awards. Pulitzer’s desire was t raise the standards f jurnalism. He hped the prize wuld act as a stimulus fr jurnalists t wrk fr excellence — then and int the future.
Faithfully fllwing Pulitzer’s instructins, Clumbia University awarded the very first Pulitzer Prizes in 1917. Tday these awards are cnsidered sme f the mst distinguished prizes in America.
36. What can be knwn abut the Pulitzers?
A.Their recipients all get cash prizes. B. There are 21 winners each year.
C. They are awarded wrldwide.D. They g beynd jurnalism.
37. It can be inferred frm the passage that Jseph Pulitzer _____.
A. was humrus and curageus B. was raised up in a jurnalist’s family
C. had a strng sense f justice D. sught a gal f prducing wealth
38. Pulitzer established the prizes mainly t _____.
A. facilitate better jurnalismB. diversify ways f access t jurnalism
C. supprt Clumbia University D. stimulate peple t becme jurnalists
39. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the passage?
A. Pulitzer Prizes: Jseph Pulitzer’s Lifetime Ambitin
B. Pulitzer Prizes: Sme f America’s Greatest Hnrs
C. Pulitzer Prizes: Awards fr Distinguished Jurnalists
D. Pulitzer Prizes: Annual Events at Clumbia University
【答案】36. D 37. C 38. A 39. B
【導讀】
本文介紹了普利策獎，它是美國在新聞、書籍、戲劇和音樂等領域頒發(fā)的獎項，涵蓋 22 個類別。獲獎者包括新聞機構、個人或團體，除公共服務獎外，其他 21 個獎項的獲得者可獲現金獎勵和證書。該獎由匈牙利裔美國人約瑟夫?普利策設立，他在新聞領域取得成功后，留下 200 萬美元給哥倫比亞大學，用于建立新聞學院和設立獎項，以提高新聞行業(yè)標準。1917 年，哥倫比亞大學首次頒發(fā)普利策獎，如今該獎已成為美國最杰出的獎項之一。
【解析】
36. 細節(jié)理解題：
根據第一段 “The Pulitzers are American awards given within the United States fr utstanding achievement in jurnalism as well as bks, drama and music. Under these headings, there are 22 categries including nline jurnalism, newspaper reprting, fictin, histry, music, drama, petry, phtgraphy and mre.” 可知，普利策獎不僅涉及新聞領域，還包括書籍、戲劇、音樂等多個領域，D 選項 “它們超越了新聞領域” 正確。
A 選項，公共服務獎獲得者獲得的是普利策金牌而非現金獎勵，所以 A 選項錯誤；B 選項，每年有 22 個獎項，而不是 21 個獲獎者，所以 B 選項錯誤；C 選項，普利策獎是在美國國內頒發(fā)，并非全球范圍，所以 C 選項錯誤。所以答案是 D。
37. 推理判斷題：
由第三段 “He became knwn as smene wh was nt afraid t take a public stand against crruptin (腐敗).” 可知，約瑟夫?普利策敢于公開反對腐敗，這表明他有強烈的正義感，C 選項正確。
A 選項，文中未提及他幽默；B 選項，他出生于匈牙利的富裕家庭，并非新聞工作者家庭；D 選項，他設立獎項的目的是提高新聞行業(yè)標準，而非追求財富，所以 A、B、D 選項錯誤。所以答案是 C。
38. 細節(jié)理解題：
根據第四段 “Pulitzer’s desire was t raise the standards f jurnalism. He hped the prize wuld act as a stimulus fr jurnalists t wrk fr excellence — then and int the future.” 可知，普利策設立獎項主要是為了促進更好的新聞工作，提高新聞行業(yè)標準，A 選項正確。
B 選項 “使進入新聞行業(yè)的方式多樣化”，文中未提及；C 選項 “支持哥倫比亞大學”，設立獎項的主要目的不是支持大學，而是提高新聞標準；D 選項 “激勵人們成為記者”，重點是激勵記者追求卓越，而非激勵人們成為記者，所以 B、C、D 選項錯誤。所以答案是 A。
39. 主旨大意題：
文章介紹了普利策獎的設立背景、涵蓋領域、獎項設置以及其意義，如今普利策獎被認為是美國最杰出的獎項之一，B 選項 “普利策獎：美國一些最偉大的榮譽” 能全面概括文章內容，正確。
A 選項 “普利策獎：約瑟夫?普利策的畢生抱負”，文章不僅僅圍繞他的抱負展開；C 選項 “普利策獎：杰出記者的獎項”，普利策獎不僅針對記者，還涉及其他領域；D 選項 “普利策獎：哥倫比亞大學的年度活動”，這只是普利策獎頒獎的地點和形式，不能概括全文，所以 A、C、D 選項錯誤。所以答案是 B。
【重點詞塊】
utstanding achievement 杰出成就
recipient 接受者
news agency 新聞機構
administer the award 管理獎項
take a public stand against 公開反對
write a will 立遺囑
raise the standards f 提高…… 的標準
act as a stimulus 起到激勵作用
【復雜句式】
1. The Pulitzers are American awards given within the United States fr utstanding achievement in jurnalism as well as bks, drama and music.”
分析：句子主干是 “The Pulitzers are American awards”，“given within the United States fr utstanding achievement in jurnalism as well as bks, drama and music” 是過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾 “awards”，說明普利策獎是在美國國內為新聞、書籍、戲劇和音樂等領域杰出成就而設立的獎項。
翻譯：普利策獎是在美國國內頒發(fā)的美國獎項，旨在表彰新聞、書籍、戲劇和音樂等領域的杰出成就。
2. “The twenty - secnd prize, hwever, is the Public Service Prize, which is always given t a news agency. Instead f cash, the news rganizatin receives the Pulitzer Gld Medal.”
分析：第一句是主從復合句，“The twenty - secnd prize, hwever, is the Public Service Prize” 是主句，“which is always given t a news agency” 是非限制性定語從句，對 “the Public Service Prize” 進行補充說明。第二句是簡單句，“Instead f cash” 是狀語，表明不是獲得現金。
翻譯：然而，第 22 個獎項是公共服務獎，該獎總是授予一家新聞機構。新聞機構獲得的不是現金，而是普利策金牌。
3. “If it hadn’t been fr a Hungarian - American named Jseph Pulitzer, the awards wuld never have cme int existence.”
分析：這是一個虛擬條件句，“If it hadn’t been fr...” 是對過去情況的虛擬，意思是 “如果不是……”，表示一種假設的情況，主句 “the awards wuld never have cme int existence” 使用了與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣結構 “wuld + have + 過去分詞”。
翻譯：如果不是因為一位名叫約瑟夫?普利策的匈牙利裔美國人，這些獎項就永遠不會存在。
4. “Pulitzer’s desire was t raise the standards f jurnalism. He hped the prize wuld act as a stimulus fr jurnalists t wrk fr excellence — then and int the future.”
分析：第一句是簡單句，“t raise the standards f jurnalism” 是動詞不定式作表語，說明普利策的愿望。第二句是主從復合句，“He hped” 是主句，“the prize wuld act as a stimulus fr jurnalists t wrk fr excellence — then and int the future” 是省略了引導詞 “that” 的賓語從句，作 “hped” 的賓語，“t wrk fr excellence” 是動詞不定式作目的狀語，表明獎項對記者起到激勵作用的目的。
翻譯：普利策的愿望是提高新聞行業(yè)的標準。他希望這個獎項能激勵記者們追求卓越 —— 無論是當時還是未來。
（2025年青浦一模）
Human dctrs perfrm amputatins, surgical remvals f an arm, leg, r finger, after a serius injury. But new research shws that sme ants perfrm amputatins n injured ants t help them survive an injury. The behavir was dcumented in Flrida carpenter ants.
Tw carpenter ants are seen in a labratry at the University f Lausanne. Scientists said they either cleaned the wund using their muthparts r amputated the limb, r leg, by biting it ff. The chice f care depended n the injury’s lcatin. When it was further up the leg, they always amputated. When it was further dwn, they never amputated.
Erik Frank f the University f Würzburg in Germany is the lead writer f the research. Frank said the study describes “fr the first time hw a nn-human animal uses amputatins n anther individual t save their life.” He believes “that the ants’ ‘medical system’ t care fr the injured is the mst cmplicated in the animal kingdm,” and cmpares well t human medicine.
“Injuries further dwn the leg have an increased flw f hemlymph (血淋巴),” Frank said. S harmful bacteria can enter the bdy after nly five minutes. An amputatin wuld nt help infectin after that time. He cntinued, “Injuries further up the leg have a much slwer hemlymph flw, giving enugh time fr timely and effective amputatins.”
The study fund that after an upper leg injury, an ant that experiences amputatin has a survival rate f 90 t 95 percent. Fr lwer leg injuries in which just cleaning was perfrmed, the survival rate was abut 75 percent, cmpared t abut 15 percent fr injuries that received n care.
Ants can functin well withut ne f their six legs. And nly female ants perfrm the treatment f wunds by cleaning r amputatin. “All wrker ants are female. Males play nly a minr rle in ant cmmunity,” Frank said.
S why d ants d these amputatins? Frank said, “There is a very simple evlutinary reasn fr caring fr the injured. It saves resurces.” He nted that if an ant culd be saved with little effrt t remain prductive, “there is a very high value f ding s.” “At the same time, if an individual is t heavily injured, the ants will nt care fr her, but rather leave her behind t die,” Frank added.
43. The type f treatments applied t injured ants depends n ______.
A. hw the medical system f the ants is develped
B. whether the ant still remains prductive and valuable
C. which kind f ants perfrms the treatments f wunds
D. whether the ant suffers frm an upper leg injury r a lwer ne
44. What can we infer frm the survival rates mentined in the text?
A. The lcatin f the injury and the crrespnding treatment greatly affect the ant’s survival.
B. Cleaning the wund is mre effective than amputatin fr all leg injuries.
C. Injured ants with n care have a similar survival rate t thse with treatment in sme cases.
D. Amputatin is always the best way t ensure the survival f injured ants.
45. It can be cncluded frm Frank’s study that ______.
A. male ants prvide medical care fr the ant cmmunity
B. slightly-injured ants will receive n care t save resurces
C. the heavily injured ants will eventually die fr lack f medical care
D. the cleaning f an upper leg injury greatly increases the ants’ survival rate
46. What is the passage mainly abut?
A. Hw ants perfrm amputatins.B. Hw injured ants are dealt with.
C. Hw ants evlve and reprduce.D. Hw amputatins affect ants.
【答案】 43. D 44. A 45. C 46. B
【導讀】
本文介紹了一項關于佛羅里達木蟻的新研究。研究發(fā)現，木蟻會對受傷的同伴進行傷口處理，處理方式包括清潔傷口或截肢，具體選擇取決于傷口位置。若傷口在腿部較高位置，它們會截肢；若在較低位置，則只清潔傷口。研究還表明，經過適當處理的受傷螞蟻存活率更高，且只有雌性工蟻承擔照顧受傷螞蟻的工作，這一行為背后存在進化原因，即節(jié)省資源。
【解析】
43. 細節(jié)理解題：根據第二段 “The chice f care depended n the injury’s lcatin. When it was further up the leg, they always amputated. When it was further dwn, they never amputated.” 可知，對受傷螞蟻采用的治療方式取決于傷口是在腿部較高位置還是較低位置，所以答案是 D。
44. 推理判斷題：從第五段 “after an upper leg injury, an ant that experiences amputatin has a survival rate f 90 t 95 percent. Fr lwer leg injuries in which just cleaning was perfrmed, the survival rate was abut 75 percent, cmpared t abut 15 percent fr injuries that received n care.” 可知，傷口位置和相應的治療方式對螞蟻的存活率影響很大，A 選項正確。B 選項，對于腿部較高位置的傷口，截肢的存活率更高，并非清潔傷口更有效；C 選項，有治療和無治療的受傷螞蟻存活率差異很大，并非相似；D 選項，對于腿部較低位置的傷口，清潔傷口而非截肢更合適，所以截肢并非總是確保受傷螞蟻存活的最佳方式。所以答案是 A。
45. 推理判斷題：根據最后一段 “if an individual is t heavily injured, the ants will nt care fr her, but rather leave her behind t die” 可知，重傷的螞蟻會因缺乏照料最終死亡，C 選項正確。A 選項，文中提到只有雌性工蟻承擔照顧受傷螞蟻的工作，雄性螞蟻在蟻群中作用較??；B 選項，輕微受傷的螞蟻會得到照料以節(jié)省資源；D 選項，文中提到對于腿部較高位置的傷口，截肢能大幅提高存活率，而非清潔傷口。所以答案是 C。
46. 主旨大意題：文章主要講述了螞蟻如何處理受傷的同伴，包括根據傷口位置選擇清潔傷口或截肢等處理方式，B 選項 “受傷的螞蟻是如何被處理的” 符合主旨。A 選項 “螞蟻如何進行截肢” 只是其中一部分內容；C 選項 “螞蟻如何進化和繁殖” 文中未提及；D 選項 “截肢如何影響螞蟻” 并非文章重點。所以答案是 B。
【重點詞塊】
surgical remval 手術切除
labratry 實驗室
muthparts 口器
lead writer 主要作者
evlutinary reasn 進化原因
remain prductive 保持生產力
【復雜句式】
1. “Frank said the study describes ‘fr the first time hw a nn - human animal uses amputatins n anther individual t save their life.’”
分析：這是一個主從復合句，“Frank said” 是主句，后面省略了引導詞 “that”，“the study save their life” 是賓語從句，在這個賓語從句中，“hw a nn - human animal uses amputatins n anther individual t save their life” 是 “describes” 的賓語，作賓語從句中的賓語成分，其中 “t save their life” 是目的狀語。
翻譯：弗蘭克說，這項研究 “首次描述了一種非人類動物如何通過對另一個個體進行截肢來挽救其生命”。
2. “Injuries further dwn the leg have an increased flw f hemlymph (血淋巴), s harmful bacteria can enter the bdy after nly five minutes.”
分析：這是一個由 “s” 連接的并列句，前一句 “Injuries further dwn the leg have an increased flw f hemlymph” 是主謂賓結構，“further dwn the leg” 作后置定語修飾 “Injuries”；后一句 “harmful bacteria can enter the bdy after nly five minutes” 是主謂賓結構，“after nly five minutes” 是時間狀語。
翻譯：腿部較低位置的傷口血淋巴流量會增加，所以有害細菌只需五分鐘就能進入體內。
3. “At the same time, if an individual is t heavily injured, the ants will nt care fr her, but rather leave her behind t die.”
分析：這是一個主從復合句，“if an individual is t heavily injured” 是條件狀語從句，“the ants will nt care fr her, but rather leave her behind t die” 是主句，其中 “but rather” 連接兩個并列的謂語 “will nt care fr” 和 “l(fā)eave”。
翻譯：與此同時，如果一只螞蟻受傷過重，其他螞蟻不會照顧它，而是會把它丟在一邊任其死亡。

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