專題20 閱讀理解之議論文- 高考英語二輪熱點題型歸納與變式演練（天津?qū)Ｓ茫?試卷下載-教習網(wǎng)

高考閱讀理解選材來源廣泛，多源于國外英文圖書、報刊、網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體，語言地道純正，具有鮮明的語言文化特點。體裁包括記敘文、說明文、議論文、應(yīng)用文等，涉及科普、社會、文化、地理、歷史、政治、經(jīng)濟、人文、日常生活等領(lǐng)域。命題主要考查細節(jié)理解、主旨大意、詞義猜測及推理判斷。
D篇議論文，除了文章內(nèi)容的問題外，還涉及考察段落或句子在文中作用。此篇綜合考查了學(xué)生的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)理解、主旨提煉、信息把握及推理判斷能力。難度：偏高
議論文就是說理性的文章，一般由論點、論據(jù)和論證過程組成。議論文都要提出論題、觀點、提供充分的證據(jù)，使用一定的邏輯方法證明觀點或得出結(jié)論。
作者在開始敘述一個現(xiàn)象，然后對現(xiàn)象進行解釋。這類文章的主題是文中最重要的解釋或作者所強調(diào)的解釋，閱讀時要注意作者給出的原因，所以又被稱為原因—結(jié)果(Cause & Effect)型。還有一種比較常見的是問題—答案型，作者在一開始或一段末以問句提出一個問題(相當于一個現(xiàn)象)，然后給出該問題的答案(相當于解釋)。針對文中問題給出的主要答案就是這種文章的中心。答題時優(yōu)先考慮正面答題(直接從文章內(nèi)容得出答案)，然后從中心、態(tài)度或利用解答特征等其他角度對選項進行檢驗；如果從文章內(nèi)容中直接無法解決，則從中心和態(tài)度方面考慮；次之，從解答特征方面考慮。
考生往往最怕此類體裁。山窮水盡時，記?。菏紫葟恼w上把握文章中心和作者所持的態(tài)度，靠近中心的就是答案。
題型01 觀點態(tài)度題
【題型詮釋】
按照考試大綱，觀點態(tài)度題主要考查“理解作者意圖、觀點或態(tài)度”的能力，而作者態(tài)度或觀點有3種：贊成、反對或中立。
正面態(tài)度
psitive 積極的，正面的apprval/ supprtive/ favrable贊成的，支持的cnsent 同意，贊成praising 贊揚的enthusiastic 熱心的ptimistic 樂觀的appreciative 欣賞的affirmative 贊成的，肯定的
負面態(tài)度
negative 消極的，否定的disapprval/ unfavrable 不贊成critical 批判的pessimistic 悲觀的irnic/ sneering/ scrnful 輕蔑的ppsed/ hstile 反對的，敵對的indignant 憤怒的suspicius/ skeptical/ dubtful 懷疑的cncerned/ apprehensive/ anxius 擔憂的reserved 有保留的，不完全同意的glmy/ depressive 沮喪的，悲劇的questined/ questinable 問題的，疑問的puzzled/ puzzling 困惑的impersnal 無人情味的
客觀態(tài)度
bjective 客觀的a matter f fact 實事求是的
其他
indifferent/ impassive 漠不關(guān)心的prejudice/ biased 偏見的unprejudiced/ impartial 不偏見的cmprmising 折中的neutral 中立的ambiguus 模凌兩可的partial 偏愛的，偏袒的
做這類題時，重點關(guān)注文中的轉(zhuǎn)折處、帶有感情色彩的形容詞和副詞以及情態(tài)動詞（may、wuld、culd、must、need t、shuld等），這些地方通常會體現(xiàn)出作者態(tài)度。
當與倫理道德觀念相符合，作者的情感態(tài)度是積極的，支持的，正面的。另外，一般不會成為正確答案的中性詞有：①indifferent，漠不關(guān)心的意思，一般不能成為正確答案，相近詞匯有：disinterested， impassive;②suspicius，懷疑的意思，相近詞匯有：questined，questinable，puzzled，puzzling;③neutral 中立的意思，一般不會成為正確答案，其他中性詞：uninterested impersnal, factual, impassive, partial, prejudiced, cnfused一般不會成為正確答案的褒義詞和貶義詞有：①sensitive，敏感的意思，這個詞匯是萬能選項，因為任何議論文作者必然是對論點談?wù)摰膶ο笫敲舾械摹Ｋ南嘟~匯有：cncerned;②biased，有偏見的意思，相近詞匯有：prejudiced;③scared，害怕的意思，相近詞匯有：afraid，fearful
【典例】
（23-24高三上·天津·階段練習）Reprts have emerged recently f cws being fed supplements (補充劑) btained frm palm il (棕櫚油) t increase the butterfat cntent f milk. The practice partly respnds t the increasing demand fr butter during the pandemic when the number f milk cws has nt increased accrdingly. Thus, palmitic acid supplements, btained frm imprted palm il are given t cws.
Accrding t Dairy (乳品業(yè)的) Farmers f Canada(DFC), it is used in ther cuntries as well t “prvide energy t cws withut undesirable effects”. Experts f DFC guarantee that the milk prducts are safe and that the amunts f supplements used are very small. But based n Canadians’ cncern ver the link between butter and palm il, it appears mre cmplicated. Lts f Canadians have been deliberately trying t avid palm il in diets, nly t realize that palm il is being used in the dairy industry.
Peple are cncerned abut the nutritin questin, fr t much palmitic acid is assciated with heart disease. Besides, palm fats change the taste f milk, which is a headache fr many fd prducers. But thse are nt what disturb me. In fact, palm il has a bad reputatin fr driving defrestatin, particularly in Sutheast Asia, which prduces 85% f the wrld’s palm il supply. The rapid expansin f palm il has destryed habitats fr many wild animals. Fires are set t replace jungles with palm trees, plluting the air, and sme are impssible t put ut.
Despite the harmful effects palm il may bring abut, palm il is fund in rughly 50% f the prducts sld in supermarkets. It is cheap t prduce and stays slid at rm temperature, making it perfect fr baked and packaged fds. It has a high cking temperature and smke pint, prviding ? smth muthfeel. It’s als added t make-up, cleaning prducts, chclate, fuels, and mre.
Sme rganizatins are making effrts t clean up the palm il industry thrugh varius practices. Big brands are frmally warned when their palm il suppliers engage in illegal expansin, which in turn has driven them t take actin, even if their actin seems inadequate currently. There’s hpe n the hrizn, but the palm il industry is still ne I wn’t give supprt t.
30．What is the authr’s attitude twards sme rganizatins and big brands’ actin?
A．Indifferent.B．Critical.C．Favrable.D．Objective.
【答案】 30．C
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章通過為了增加牛奶中的乳脂含量而給奶牛喂食從棕櫚油中提取的補充劑引出話題，講述了人們的擔憂，以及作者的看法。
30．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Sme rganizatins are making effrts t clean up the palm il industry thrugh varius practices. Big brands are frmally warned when their palm il suppliers engage in illegal expansin, which in turn has driven them t take actin, even if their actin seems inadequate currently. (一些組織正在通過各種做法努力整頓棕櫚油行業(yè)。當大品牌的棕櫚油供應(yīng)商進行非法擴張時，他們會受到正式警告，這反過來又迫使它們采取行動，即使他們目前的行動似乎不夠充分。)”和“There’s hpe n the hrizn(希望就在眼前)”可知，一些組織正在努力整頓棕櫚油行業(yè)，而且一些大品牌棕櫚油供應(yīng)商會采取行動，作者認為希望就在眼前，由此可推測出，作者對他們的行動表示支持。故選C。
題型02 中心主旨題
【題型詮釋】
中心主旨題一般是在問文章的中心思想是什么、文章在討論什么或取什么樣的標題最好，題干中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的標志詞有：main idea、mainly talk abut/discuss、the best title/subject 等。
①小心首段陷阱，尤其是文章第一段只有一句話、有問句或出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折的情況；
②關(guān)注各段首尾句，把各段首尾句串聯(lián)起來讀大概就能明白文章的行文脈絡(luò)，同時也要注意轉(zhuǎn)折的情況；
③關(guān)注文章中出現(xiàn)頻率高的詞或句子，也就是中心詞/句，注意文章對詞或句子的同義改寫；
④關(guān)注文章中間單句成段的情況。主旨題的正確選項與文章主旨是全面匹配的。換句話說，正確答案里應(yīng)該包含所有的中心詞/句，而錯誤選項/干擾項往往只包含部分，或者包含范圍已經(jīng)大于文章范圍，信息是片面的。
除此之外，也不要覺得某個選項里的關(guān)鍵詞好像跟主旨詞長得像就選它，有可能是出題人故意用形近詞埋下的坑，形近詞比如像這樣：statistical, statisticians, statistics…… 還是要看選項跟文章主旨是否相符。
【典例】
（23-24高三上·天津和平·期末）Teenagers are self-cntradictry. That’s a mild and bjective way f saying smething that parents ften express with cnsiderably strnger language. But the-self-cntradictin scientific and persnal. In adlescence, helpless and dependent children wh have relied n grwn-ups fr just abut everything becme independent peple wh can take care f themselves and help each ther. At the same time, nce cheerful-and bedient children becme rebellius teenage risk-takers.
A new study published in the jurnal Child Develpment, by Eveline Crne f the University f Leiden and clleagues, suggests that the psitive and negative sides f teenagers g hand in hand. The study is part f a new wave f thinking abut adlescence. Fr a lng time, scientists and plicy makers cncentrated n the idea that teenagers were a prblem that needed t be slved. The new wrk emphasizes that adlescence is a time f pprtunity as well as risk.
The researchers studied “prscial”(親社會)and rebellius traits in mre than 200 children and yung adults, ranging frm 11 t 28 years ld. The participants filled ut questinnaires abut hw ften they did things that were selfless and psitive, like sacrificing their wn interests t help a friend, r rebellius and negative, like getting drunk r staying ut late.
Other studies have shwn that rebellius behavir increases as yu becme a teenager and then fades away as yu grw lder. But the new study shws that, interestingly, the same is true fr prscial behavir. Teenagers were mre likely than yunger children r adults t reprt that they did things like unselfishly help a friend.
Mst significantly, there was a psitive crrelatin between prsciality and rebelliusness. The teenagers wh were mre rebellius were als mre likely t help thers. The gd and bad sides f adlescence seem t develp tgether. Is there sme cmmn factr that underlies these apparently cntradictry develpments? One idea is that teenage behavir is related t what researchers call “reward sensitivity.” Decisin-making always invlves balancing rewards and risks, benefits and csts. “Reward sensitivity” measures hw much reward it takes t utweigh risk.
Teenagers are particularly sensitive t scial rewards—winning the game, impressing a new friend, getting that by t ntice yu. Reward sensitivity, like prscial behavir and risk-taking, seems t g up in adlescence and then dwn again as we age. Smehw, when yu hit 30, the chance that smething exciting and new will happen at that party just desn’t seem t utweigh the effrt f getting up ff the cuch.
20．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Why teenagers are risk-sensitive.
B．Hw teenagers develp prsciality.
C．Why teenagers are self-cntradictry.
D．Hw teenagers becme independent.
【答案】 20．C
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文。文章通過引用克羅恩的一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，論述了為什么青少年是自相矛盾的。
20．主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合文章第一段“Teenagers are self-cntradictry. That’s a mild and bjective way f saying smething that parents ften express with cnsiderably strnger language. But the-self-cntradictin scientific and persnal. In adlescence, helpless and dependent children wh have relied n grwn-ups fr just abut everything becme independent peple wh can take care f themselves and help each ther. At the same time, nce cheerful-and bedient children becme rebellius teenage risk-takers.（青少年是自相矛盾的。這是一種溫和而客觀的方式來表達父母經(jīng)常用相當強硬的語言表達的東西。但是科學(xué)和個人的自相矛盾。在青春期，無助和依賴成年人的孩子幾乎在所有事情上都依賴成年人，成為能夠照顧自己和互相幫助的獨立的人。與此同時，曾經(jīng)快樂聽話的孩子變成了叛逆的青少年冒險者。）”可知，文章在第一段中提到了青少年是自相矛盾的，同時提到了青春期時期，青少年的性格會反轉(zhuǎn)。之后在第二段中提到了克羅恩的一項研究，該研究提供了對青春期的新見解。第三段引入了對青少年親社會行為的研究，第四段講述了親社會行為和其他的叛逆行為一樣，會在青少年時達到頂峰，之后會逐漸消失。最后兩段論述了人們對于青春期的好與壞這些明顯矛盾的發(fā)展背后存在一些共同因素的探索?？赏浦疚闹饕撌隽藶槭裁辞嗌倌晔亲韵嗝?，故選C。
【高考真題】
（2022·天津·高考真題）Ralph Emersn nce said that the purpse f life is nt t be happy, but t be useful, t be lving, t make sme difference in he wrld. While we appreciate such wrds f wisdm, we rarely try t fllw them in ur lives.
Mst peple prefer t live a gd life themselves, ignring their respnsibilities fr the wrld. This narrw perceptin f a gd life may prvide shrt-term benefits, but is sure t lead t lng-term harm and suffering. A gd life based n cmfrt and luxury may eventually lead t mre pain be-cause we spil ur health and even ur character, principles, ideals, and relatinships.
What then, is the secret f a gd life? A gd life is a prcess, nt a state f being : a directin, nt a destinatin. We have t earn a gd life by first serving thers withut any expectatin in return because their happiness is the very surce f ur wn happiness. Mre imprtantly, we must knw urselves inside ut. Only when we examine urselves deeply can we discver ur abilities and recgnize ur limitatins, and then wrk accrdingly t create a better wrld.
The first requirement fr a gd life is having a lving heart. When we d certain right things merely as a duty, we find ur jb s tiresme that we’ll sn burn ut. Hwever, when we d that same jb ut f lve, we nt nly enjy what we d, but als d it with an effrtless feeling.
Hwever, lve alne is insufficient t lead a gd life. Lve smetimes blinds us t the reality. Cnsequently, ur gd intentins may nt lead t gd results. T achieve desired utcme, thse wh want t d gd t thers als need t equip themselves with accurate wrld knwledge. False knwledge is mre dangerus than ignrance. If lve is the engine f a car knwledge is the steering wheel(方向盤). If the engine lacks pwer, the car can’t mve; if the driver lses cntrl f the steering, a rad accident prbably ccurs. Only with lve in heart and the right knwledge in mind can we lead a gd life.
With lve and knwledge, we g all ut t create a better wrld by ding gd t thers. When we see the impact f ur gd wrk n the wrld we give meaning t ur life and earn lasting jy and happiness.
1．What effect des the narrw perceptin f a gd life have n us?
A．Making us simple-mindedB．Making us shrt-sighted.
C．Leading us nt a busy rad.D．Keeping us frm cmfrt and luxury.
2．Accrding t the authr, hw can ne gain true happiness?
A．Thrugh maintaining gd health.
B．By ging thrugh pain and suffering.
C．By recgnizing ne’s abilities and limitatins.
D．Thrugh ffering help much needed by thers.
3．Accrding t Paragraph 4, ding certain right things with a lving heart makes ne________.
A．less selfishB．less annying
C．mre mtivatedD．mre respnsible
4．In what case may gd intentins fail t lead t desired results?
A．When we have wrng knwledge f the wrld.
B．When ur lve fr the wrld is insufficient.
C．When we are insensitive t dangers in life.
D．When we stay blind t the reality.
5．Accrding t Paragraph 5, life can be made truly gd when ________.
A．inspired by lve and guided by knwledge
B．directed by lve and pushed by knwledge
C．purified by lve and enriched by knwledge
D．prmted by lve and defined by knwledge
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．A
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了美好生活的秘訣是什么。人生的目的不是生而快樂，而是生而有益。
1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“This narrw perceptin f a gd life may prvide shrt-term benefits, but is sure t lead t lng-term harm and suffering.(這種對美好生活的狹隘看法可能會帶來短期的好處，但肯定會導(dǎo)致長期的傷害和痛苦。)”可知，對美好生活的狹隘看法只能給我們帶來短期的好處，所以時間長了會讓我們目光短淺、短視。故選B項。
2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“We have t earn a gd life by first serving thers withut any expectatin in return because their happiness is the very surce f ur wn happiness.(我們必須先為他人服務(wù)而不求回報，因為他人的幸福是我們自己幸福的源泉。)”可知，我們能夠從幫助他人獲得真正的幸福。故選D項。
3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Hwever, when we d that same jb ut f lve, we nt nly enjy what we d, but als d it with an effrtless feeling.(然而，當我們出于熱愛做同樣的工作時，我們不僅享受我們做的事情，而且也享受那種毫不費力的感覺。)”可知，帶著熱愛去做事會讓人更加享受做這件事情；越享受做某件事，做事越有動力。故選C項。
4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段“False knwledge is mre dangerus than ignrance.(虛假的知識比無知更危險。)”可以推測出，當我們對世界有錯誤的認識的時候，就算意圖良好，也可能導(dǎo)致不好的、違背預(yù)期的結(jié)局。故選A項。
5．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“With lve and knwledge, we g all ut t create a better wrld by ding gd t thers.(帶著愛和知識，我們?nèi)σ愿?，通過對他人做好事來創(chuàng)造一個更美好的世界。)”可知，有愛和知識，生活就會變得更美好。故選A項。
（2021·天津·高考真題）There is smething t be said fr being a generalist, even if yu are a specialist. Knwing a little abut a lt f things that interest yu can add t the richness f a whle, well-lived life.
Sciety pushes us t specialize, t becme experts. This requires cmmitment t a particular ccupatin, branch f study r research. The drawback t being specialists is we ften cme t knw mre and mre abut less and less. There is a great deal f pressure t master ne's field. Yu may pursue training, degrees, r increasing levels f respnsibility at wrk. Then yu discver the pressure f having t keep up.
Sme peple seem willing t wrk arund the clck in their narrw specialty. But such cmmitment can als weaken a sense f freedm. These specialists culd wrk at the ffice until ten each night, then lk back and realize they wuld have lved t have gne hme and enjyed the sweetness f their family and friends, r traveled t exciting places, meeting interesting peple. Mastering ne thing t the exclusin （排除）f thers can hld back yur true spirit.
Generalists, n the ther hand, knw a lt abut a wide range f subjects and view the whle with all its cnnectins. They are peple f ability, talent, and enthusiasm wh can bring their brad perspective （視角）int specific fields f expertise （專長）.The dctr wh is als a pet and philspher is a superir dctr, ne wh can give s much mre t his patients than just gd medical skills.
Things are cnnected. Let yur expertise in ne field fuel yur passins in all related areas. Sme f yur interests may nt appear t be cnnected but, nce yu explre their depths, yu discver that they are. My editr Tni, wh is als a writer, has edited several histry bks. She has decided t study Chinese histry. Fascinated by the structural beauty f the Frbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested t learn mre abut Chinese philsphy. "I dn't knw where it will lead, but I'm excited I'm n this pursuit."
These expansins int new wrlds help us by giving us new perspectives. We begin t see the intercnnectedness f ne thing t anther in all aspects f ur life, f urselves and the universe. Develp brad, general knwledge and experience. The universe is all yurs t explre and enjy.
6．T becme a specialist, ne may have t_____.
A．narrw his range f knwledge
B．a(chǎn)vid respnsibilities at wrk
C．knw mre abut the sciety
D．braden his perspective n life
7．The specialists mentined in Paragraph 3 tend t______.
A．treasure their freedm
B．travel arund the wrld
C．spend mst time wrking
D．enjy meeting funny peple
8．Accrding t the authr, a superir dctr is ne wh_____.
A．is fully aware f his talent and ability
B．is a pure specialist in medicine
C．shuld lve petry and philsphy
D．brings knwledge f ther fields t wrk
9．What des the authr intend t shw with the example f Tni?
A．Passin alne des nt ensure a persn's success.
B．In-depth explratin makes discveries pssible.
C．Everyne has a chance t succeed in their pursuit.
D．Seemingly unrelated interests are in a way cnnected.
10．What culd be the best title fr the passage?
A．Be Mre a Generalist Than a Specialist
B．Specialist r Generalist: Hard t Decide
C．Turn a Generalist int a Specialist
D．Ways t Becme a Generalist
【答案】6．A 7．C 8．D 9．D 10．A
【分析】本文是議論文。文章論述了要當一個多面手，而不是當某方面的專家。
6．推理判斷題。文章第二段中提到“This requires cmmitment t a particular ccupatin, branch f study r research. The drawback t being specialists is we ften cme t knw mre and mre abut less and less.（成為專家需要對特定的職業(yè)、研究領(lǐng)域的投入。成為專家的缺點是我們常常對越來越少的知識領(lǐng)域了解得越來越多。）”根據(jù)“knw … abut less and less”可知，要成為一名專家，了解到的知識領(lǐng)域會越來越少，會縮小他的知識范圍。故選A。
7．細節(jié)理解題。第三段中提到“Sme peple seem willing t wrk arund the clck in their narrw specialty. …These specialists culd wrk at the ffice until ten each night (有些人似乎愿意在他們狹隘的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域夜以繼日地工作。…… 這些專家可以每天晚上在辦公室工作到十點。)”由此可知，這些專家往往花大部分的時間在工作上。故選C。
8．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段中“The dctr wh is als a pet and philspher is a superir dctr, ne wh can give s much mre t his patients than just gd medical skills. (這位既是詩人又是哲學(xué)家的醫(yī)生是一位優(yōu)秀的醫(yī)生，他能給他的病人提供比良好的醫(yī)術(shù)更多的東西。)”可知，作者認為一名優(yōu)秀的醫(yī)生可以將其他領(lǐng)域的知識帶到工作中。故選D。
9．推理判斷題。文章第五段中提到“Things are cnnected. Let yur expertise in ne field fuel yur passins in all related areas. Sme f yur interests may nt appear t be cnnected but, nce yu explre their depths, yu discver that they are.（事物之間是有聯(lián)系的。讓你在一個領(lǐng)域的專長激發(fā)你在所有相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的熱情。你的一些興趣可能看起來沒有聯(lián)系，但一旦你深入探索，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)它們是有聯(lián)系的。）”；下文舉出Tni的例子“My editr Tni, wh is als a writer, has edited several histry bks. She has decided t study Chinese histry. Fascinated by the structural beauty f the Frbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested t learn mre abut Chinese philsphy.（我的編輯Tni也是一位作家，她編輯過幾本歷史書。她已決定學(xué)習中國歷史。作為一名畫家，她癡迷于紫禁城的建筑之美，同時也對更多地了解中國哲學(xué)感興趣。）”由此可以推斷，作者想通過Tni的例子說明看似不相關(guān)的興趣，如果深入探索的話，在某種程度上是有聯(lián)系的。故選D。
10．主旨大意題。文章第一段提出觀點“There is smething t be said fr being a generalist, even if yu are a specialist.”作者提出即使你是一個專家，也應(yīng)該當一個通才；文章第二段提出“The drawback t being specialists is we ften cme t knw mre and mre abut less and less. ”說明成為專家的不足之處是我們常常對越來越少的知識領(lǐng)域了解得越來越深；第四段中提到“Generalists, …, knw a lt abut a wide range f subjects and view the whle with all its cnnectins.”說明當通才的優(yōu)點往往對廣泛的學(xué)科了解得很多，并從整體上來看其中的所有的聯(lián)系。作者的觀點是應(yīng)該當一個通才。因此文章的標題應(yīng)為“Be Mre a Generalist Than a Specialist（做一個通才，而不是專家）”。故選A。
（2020·天津·高考真題）After years f bserving human nature, I have decided that tw qualities make the difference between men f great achievement and men f average perfrmance curisity and discntent. I have never knwn an utstanding man wh lacked either. And I have never knwn an average man wh had bth. The tw belng tgether.
Tgether, these deep human urges (驅(qū)策力) cunt fr much mre that ambitin. Galile was nt merely ambitius when he drpped bjects f varying weights frm the Leaning Twer at Pisa and timed their fall t the grund. Like Galile, all the great names in histry were curius and asked in discntent, “Why? Why? Why?”
Frtunately, curisity and discntent dn’t have t be learned. We are brn with them and need nly recapture them.
“The great man,” said Mencius (孟子), “is he wh des nt lse his child’s heart.” Yet mst f us d lse it. We stp asking questins. We stp challenging custm. We just fllw the crwd. And the crwd desires restful average. It encurages us t ccupy ur wn little crner, t avid flish leaps int the dark, t be satisfied.
Mst f us meet new peple, and new ideas, with hesitatin. But nce having met and liked them, we think hw terrible it wuld have been, had we missed the chance. We will prbably have t frce urselves t waken ur curisity and discntent and keep them awake.
Hw shuld yu start? Mdestly, s as nt t becme discuraged. I think f ne friend wh culdn’t arrange flwers t satisfy herself. She was curius abut hw the experts did it. Hw she is ne f the experts, writing bks n flwer arrangement.
One way t begin is t answer yur wn excuses. Yu haven’t any special ability? Mst peple dn’t; there are nly a few geniuses. Yu haven’t any time? That’s gd, because it’s always the peple with n time wh get things dne. Harriet Stwe, mther f six, wrte parts fUncle Tm’s Cabinwhile cking. Yu’re t ld? Remember that Thmas Cstain was 57 when he published his first nvel, and that Grandma Mses shwed her first pictures when she was 78.
Hwever yu start, remember there is n better time t start than right nw, fr yu’ll never be mre alive than yu are at this mment.
11．In writing Paragraph 1, the authr aims t ________.
A．prpse a definitin
B．make a cmparisn
C．reach a cnclusin
D．present an argument
12．What des the example f Galile tell us?
A．Trial and errr leads t the finding f truth.
B．Scientists tend t be curius and ambitius.
C．Creativity results frm challenging authrity.
D．Greatness cmes frm a lasting desire t explre.
13．What can yu d t recapture curisity and discntent?
A．Observe the unknwn arund yu.
B．Develp a questining mind.
C．Lead a life f adventure.
D．Fllw the fashin.
14．What can we learn frm Paragraphs 6 and 7?
A．Gaining success helps yu becme an expert.
B．The genius tends t get things dne creatively.
C．Lack f talent and time is n reasn fr taking n actin.
D．Yu shuld remain mdest when appraching perfectin.
15．What culd be the best title r the passage?
A．Curius Minds Never Feel Cntented
B．Reflectins n Human Nature
C．The Keys t Achievement
D．Never T Late t Learn
【答案】11．D 12．D 13．B 14．C 15．C
【分析】本文是一篇議論文。文章論述了獲得成就的兩個關(guān)鍵因素——好奇心和不滿足。
11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容After years f bserving human nature, I have decided that tw qualities make the difference between men f great achievement and men f average perfrmance curisity and discntent. I have never knwn an utstanding man wh lacked either. And I have never knwn an average man wh had bth. The tw belng tgether.可知，作者經(jīng)過多年對人性的觀察，認為成就非凡的人和平庸的人的區(qū)別在于好奇心和不滿足，而且兩者是相輔相成的。由此推知，作者寫第一段的目的是提出一個論點。故選D。
12．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的Like Galile, all the great names in histry were curius and asked in discntent, “Why? Why? Why?”可知，像伽利略一樣，歷史上所有的偉人都感到好奇，并不滿地問：“為什么？為什么？為什么？”由此推知，伽利略的例子告訴我們，偉大來自于持久的探索欲望。故選D。
13．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的Like Galile, all the great names in histry were curius and asked in discntent, “Why? Why? Why?”及第四段中的“The great man,” said Mencius (孟子), “is he wh des nt lse his child’s heart.” Yet mst f us d lse it. We stp asking questins. We stp challenging custm. We just fllw the crwd.可知，歷史上所有的偉人都感到好奇，并不滿地問：“為什么？為什么？為什么？”孟子認為“不失去孩子的心，就是偉大的人?！比欢?，我們大多數(shù)人確實失去了它。我們不再問問題。我們不再挑戰(zhàn)習俗。我們只是隨大流。由此可知，你可以通過培養(yǎng)了一個善于提問的頭腦，來重新獲得好奇心和不滿。故選B。
14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段中的Hw she is ne f the experts, writing bks n flwer arrangement.及第七段中的Yu haven’t any special ability? Mst peple dn’t; there are nly a few geniuses. Yu haven’t any time? That’s gd, because it’s always the peple with n time wh get things dne.以及列舉了Thmas Cstain在57歲時出版了他的第一部小說，Grandma Mses在78歲時展示了她的第一批照片。由此可知，這兩段想告訴我們“缺乏天賦和時間不是不采取行動的理由”。故選C。
15．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容After years f bserving human nature, I have decided that tw qualities make the difference between men f great achievement and men f average perfrmance curisity and discntent. I have never knwn an utstanding man wh lacked either. And I have never knwn an average man wh had bth. The tw belng tgether.及下文論述可知，本文主要論述了獲得成就的兩個關(guān)鍵因素——好奇心和不滿足。由此可知，C項The Keys t Achievement(成就的關(guān)鍵)適合做本文最佳標題。故選C。
（2020·天津·高考真題）Studying a subject that yu feel pintless is never a fun r easy task. If yu're studying histry, asking yurself the questin "why is histry imprtant "is a very gd first step. Histry is an essential part f human civilizatin. Yu will find smething here that will aruse yur interest, r get yu thinking abut the significance f histry.
Histry grunds us in ur rts. Histry is an imprtant and interesting field f study, and learning the histry f ur hme cuntry can give us a deeper, mre meaningful glimpse（一瞥）int ur ancestral pasts, and hw we gt t where we are tday. Many peple feel like they need a sense f cultural belnging, which is smething that studying yur rts and being pen-minded t the evlutin f yur culture can prvide.
Histry enriches ur experience. Reading histry is an amazing experience because it enables us t reflect n the scial and ecnmic life f the peple living lng time ag Accrding t the experts, prblems faced by peple regardless f the past and present are the same. With the infrmatin abut the ancestrs, ne can becme mre experienced in handling challenges f life.
Histry makes us mre empathetic（具有共情能力的）, Studying histry can give us insight （洞察力）int why ur culture des certain things, and hw the past has shaped it int what we knw nw. It als prvides a rather strng fundatin fr empathy acrss cultures. Fear and hate fr thers is usually caused by ignrance （無知）. We're scared f the things that we dn't understand. Histry has the ptential t break dwn thse bundaries by ffering us insight int entire wrlds that wuld therwise be freign t us.
Histry can inspire us t learn mre. what's fantastic abut histry is the way it bradens ur hrizns. It's almst impssible t learn abut ne histrical perid withut having dzens f questins abut related cncepts. Study the 19th century England, and yu might catch a glimpse f Charles Dickens' Oliver Twist. Lk up Charles Dickens, and yu might learn a thing r tw abut realism. Or maybe yu end up switching yur attentin away frm nvels, and discver the histry f rmantic pets in England. It can g anywhere, and there is smething in there fr abslutely anybdy.
The value f histry cannt be underestimated. We dn't have t live in the past, but we can definitely d better by learning frm it and using the lessns learnt t lead mre meaningful lives.
16．The underlined part "where we are tday" in Para. 2 prbably means __________.
A．the turning pint in ur histry
B．the present state f ur natin
C．the lcatin f ur hmeland
D．the ttal area f ur cuntry
17．Accrding t the experts, why is histry useful fr peple t handle challenges f life?
A．The prblems at present are similar t thse in the past.
B．Ancient peple laid ecnmic fundatins fr peple tday.
C．The current challenges f life were predicted by the ancestrs.
D．Peple living lng time ag knew mre abut hw t slve prblems.
18．What can be cncluded frm Para.4?
A．It is difficult t get rid f cultural barriers.
B．Peple are willing t accept freign cultures.
C．Cultural cnflicts in histry are difficult t ignre.
D．Histry helps us imprve ur crss-cultural awareness.
19．With the example in Para.5, the writer intends t shw that______________.
A．Charles Dickens cntributes much t British literature.
B．Oliver Twist can satisfy ur curisity fr rmantic pets.
C．reading nvels is a way t learn abut a histrical perid.
D．studying histry can aruse peple's interest in ther fields.
20．What culd be the best title fr the passage?
A．Hw t Build Cultural Identity
B．Why Studying Histry Matters
C．Knw the Past, Knw the Present
D．Histry: a Way t Braden Hrizns
【答案】16．B 17．A 18．D 19．D 20．B
【分析】本文是議論文。開頭提出問題為什么歷史重要。然后分四方面論述學(xué)歷史的好處，最后總結(jié)扣題說明學(xué)歷史的意義——歷史的價值不可低估，通過從中學(xué)習，并利用學(xué)到的教訓(xùn)過更有意義的生活。
16．猜測詞義題。根據(jù)上句learning the histry f ur hme cuntry can give us a deeper, mre meaningful glimpse(一瞥 )int ur ancestral pasts.,可知學(xué)習我們祖國的歷史能更深、更有意義地了解我們祖先的過去。此處指學(xué)歷史著眼于大局，是從國家層面講的，與之一致，可推知畫線的where we are tday指的是我們國家的現(xiàn)狀。故選B。
17．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段Accrding t the experts, prblems faced by peple regardless f the past and present are the same. With the infrmatin abut the ancestrs, ne can becme mre experienced in handling challenges f life.可知專家認為，無論過去和現(xiàn)在，人們面臨的問題都是一樣的。有了祖先的信息，我們在處理生活中的挑戰(zhàn)時會更有經(jīng)驗。故選A。
18．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中It als prvides a rather strng fundatin fr empathy acrss cultures和Histry has the ptential t break dwn thse bundaries by ffering us insight int entire wrlds that wuld therwise be freign t us.可知歷史為跨文化的同理心提供了一個相當堅實的基礎(chǔ)，歷史有可能打破對未知事物的恐懼和憎恨，為我們提供洞悉整個世界的機會。由此推之歷史幫助我們提高跨文化意識。故選D。
19．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段標題是 Histry can inspire us t learn mre:(歷史可以激勵我們學(xué)習更多),下面列舉了閱讀Oliver Twist的例子,通過Oliver Twist我們能去了解作者 Charles Dickens,還可能會學(xué)到一些關(guān)于現(xiàn)實主義的東西，會發(fā)現(xiàn)英國浪漫主義詩人的歷史。作者通過這個例子是為了說明學(xué)習歷史可以引起人們對其他領(lǐng)域的興趣。故選D。
20．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段If yu're studying histry, asking yurself the questin" why is histry imprtant" is a very gd first step.提到學(xué)歷史前先問自己為什么歷史重要。下文分四方面論述學(xué)歷史的好處，最后一段總結(jié)扣題說明學(xué)歷史的意義——歷史的價值不可低估，通過從中學(xué)習，并利用學(xué)到的教訓(xùn)過更有意義的生活。故Why Studying Histry Matters?能概括全文內(nèi)容。故選B。
【最新模擬】
（2024·天津河北·一模）In tday’s digital age, where a vast cean f infrmatin is just a click away, the questin arises: can ne learn t much? Given that n individual can grasp the entirety f human knwledge. Hwever, there exists a phenmenn where excessive learning can lead t inactin, a state f being verwhelmed by t much infrmatin.
Cnsider a scenari where yu’re eager t achieve a particular gal. Yu begin by cnducting extensive research, diving deep int the subject. As yu absrb mre infrmatin, it paradxically (矛盾地) feels like yur understanding diminishes. Each new cncept r strategy reveals further layers, making the gal seem mre cmplex and ut f reach.
This situatin is a cmmn trap: the endless pursuit f mre infrmatin. Althugh gaining cmprehensive knwledge is valuable, that is t say there’s nthing wrng with learning a lt, issues arise when this pursuit bstructs practical applicatin. If learning cntinuusly prevents yu frm starting, yu’ll find yurself stuck, unable t achieve yur desired utcmes.
An alternative and mre effective apprach t achieving gals is t strike a balance between learning and ding. Gather essential infrmatin, then transitin int actin swiftly, even if yu feel smewhat unprepared. This is ften the best way t learn, as hands-n experience prvides insights that theretical knwledge alne cannt.
The cmparisn with a baby learning t walk is a gd example here. A baby desn’t learn t walk by sitting and analyzing the prcess. Instead, it learns by attempting t walk, falling, and then understanding frm each fall what wrks and what desn’t. Thrugh repeated effrt, walking is eventually mastered. This methd is applicable t gal achievement t. By engaging in actin, learning frm the utcmes, and adjusting accrdingly, yu gradually mve clser t yur gals.
In summary, while the pursuit f knwledge is valuable, it’s crucial nt t let it becme a barrier t actin. Learning shuld be a stepping stne t ding, nt an end in itself. It’s thrugh the interplay f gathering knwledge and applying it that we can truly prgress twards ur aspiratins. This balanced apprach is key t vercming the paralysis f verlearning and actively mving twards realizing yur ambitins.
1．What prblem des the digital age present in learning?
A．T much infrmatin.B．Learning t inactin.
C．Online distractins.D．Technical issues.
2．What stps peple frm achieving the gal?
A．The distractin caused by unrelated tasks.
B．The inability t find relevant infrmatin.
C．The cnfusin caused by the infrmatin.
D．The desire t learn basic cncept r strategy.
3．Why is practical experience imprtant in the learning prcess?
A．It replaces cntinuus learning.
B．It is irrelevant in gaining knwledge.
C．It hlds back theretical understanding.
D．It ffers a cmprehensive understanding.
4．The example “baby learning t walk” mentined in Paragraph 5 is used t ________.
A．cmpare different learning styles
B．shw the imprtance f making mistakes
C．emphasize the need fr parental guidance
D．explain learning thrugh actin and experience
5．What makes the best title fr the passage?
A．The Paradx f Infrmatin OverladB．The Harmny f Learning and Ding
C．The Pursuit f Balanced KnwledgeD．The Prcess f Learning t Walk
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．D 5．B
【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇議論文。在數(shù)字時代，過量的信息會造成學(xué)習停滯的問題，因此，在學(xué)習過程中，實踐經(jīng)驗?zāi)軒椭覀兏娴睦斫鈱W(xué)習的知識，從而實現(xiàn)目標。
1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“In tday’s digital age, where a vast cean f infrmatin is just a click away, the questin arises: can ne learn t much? Given that n individual can grasp the entirety f human knwledge. Hwever, there exists a phenmenn where excessive learning can lead t inactin, a state f being verwhelmed by t much infrmatin.(在今天的數(shù)字時代，海量的信息只需點擊一下，問題就來了：一個人會不會學(xué)得太多？因為沒有人能掌握人類的全部知識。然而，有一種現(xiàn)象是，過度學(xué)習可能導(dǎo)致無所作為，一種被太多信息淹沒的狀態(tài))”可知，數(shù)字時代給學(xué)習提供了太多的信息。故選A項。
2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Yu begin by cnducting extensive research, diving deep int the subject. As yu absrb mre infrmatin, it paradxically feels like yur understanding diminishes. Each new cncept r strategy reveals further layers, making the gal seem mre cmplex and ut f reach.(你首先要進行廣泛的研究，深入研究這個主題。當你吸收的信息越多，你的理解力就越差。每一個新的概念或策略都揭示出更深的層次，使目標看起來更加復(fù)雜和遙不可及)”可知，過多的信息會讓理解變得更加復(fù)雜和遙不可及，即使理解變得更混亂。故選C項。
3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段“An alternative and mre effective apprach t achieving gals is t strike a balance between learning and ding. Gather essential infrmatin, then transitin int actin swiftly, even if yu feel smewhat unprepared. This is ften the best way t learn, as hands-n experience prvides insights that theretical knwledge alne cannt.(實現(xiàn)目標的另一種更有效的方法是在學(xué)習和實踐之間取得平衡。收集必要的信息，然后迅速采取行動，即使你覺得有些措手不及。這通常是最好的學(xué)習方式，因為實踐經(jīng)驗提供了理論知識無法提供的見解)”可知，在學(xué)習過程中，實際經(jīng)驗是重要的，因為它可以通過實踐幫助理解信息，提供一個全面的理解。故選D項。
4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“An alternative and mre effective apprach t achieving gals is t strike a balance between learning and ding. Gather essential infrmatin, then transitin int actin swiftly, even if yu feel smewhat unprepared. This is ften the best way t learn, as hands-n experience prvides insights that theretical knwledge alne cannt.(實現(xiàn)目標的另一種更有效的方法是在學(xué)習和實踐之間取得平衡。收集必要的信息，然后迅速采取行動，即使你覺得有些措手不及。這通常是最好的學(xué)習方式，因為實踐經(jīng)驗提供了理論知識無法提供的見解)”和倒數(shù)第二段“A baby desn’t learn t walk by sitting and analyzing the prcess. Instead, it learns by attempting t walk, falling, and then understanding frm each fall what wrks and what desn’t. Thrugh repeated effrt, walking is eventually mastered. This methd is applicable t gal achievement t. By engaging in actin, learning frm the utcmes, and adjusting accrdingly, yu gradually mve clser t yur gals.(嬰兒不是通過坐著和分析走路的過程來學(xué)習走路的。相反，它通過嘗試走路和摔倒來學(xué)習，然后從每次跌倒中了解什么有用，什么沒用。通過反復(fù)的努力，最終學(xué)會了走路。這種方法也適用于目標實現(xiàn)。通過參與行動，從結(jié)果中學(xué)習，并做出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整，你會逐漸接近你的目標)”可知，通過“嬰兒學(xué)習走路”的例子可以解釋通過行動和經(jīng)驗來學(xué)習這個觀點。故選D項。
5．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章全文，尤其是最后一段“In summary, while the pursuit f knwledge is valuable, it’s crucial nt t let it becme a barrier t actin. Learning shuld be a stepping stne t ding, nt an end in itself. It’s thrugh the interplay f gathering knwledge and applying it that we can truly prgress twards ur aspiratins.(總之，雖然追求知識是有價值的，但重要的是不要讓它成為行動的障礙。學(xué)習應(yīng)該是行動的墊腳石，而不是目的本身。只有通過收集知識和應(yīng)用知識的相互作用，我們才能真正朝著我們的愿望前進)”可知，本文介紹在學(xué)習過程中，應(yīng)將信息和實踐相結(jié)合，這樣能更好地實現(xiàn)目標。B選項“學(xué)與做的和諧”與本文主旨相符。故選B項。
（2024·天津河?xùn)|·一模）“I can’t live withut my mbile phne!” is what I ften hear peple say as they talk abut hw mbiles have becme an essential part f their lives.
The all s cmmn sight f heads bent, eyes staring at mbile screens and fingers busy tapping away repeats itself acrss majr cities arund the wrld. Whenever there is a mment t spare while n the train, taxi r waiting in a queue, peple busy themselves with their mbile phnes.
Sme peple believe ur unhealthy bsessin with mbile phnes is destrying hw we appreciate the little things in life r miss the mments that matter. The truth is that technlgy verall shuld be seen as a tl t imprve ur lives.
Mbile phnes have certainly had a great influence n ur lives, but I truly believe it’s fr the better.
It’s changed the way we cmmunicate, whether fr wrk r play. We are nw less cnstrained (限制) by time and gegraphical lcatin. With my mbile phne, I can dial int cnference calls while stuck in a traffic jam, r reply t urgent e-mails while n the g. I can send a text message r share phts and vides with friends wh aren’t living in the same cuntry. My phne calendar keeps my life rganized, and even Facebk. Twitter, and instant messaging are nw accessible frm mbile phnes!
The mbile revlutin isn’t just changing the lives f urbanite like myself. I knw f a yung Bangladeshi wman named Shmpa Akhter wh is crazy abut fashin and design. She dreamt abut starting her wn business and she did just that, pening a shp in Kushtia featuring her wn creatins. Dealing with suppliers in different twns was a prblem fr Shmpa-purchase rders had t either be hand delivered r mailed ut t suppliers. Shmpa als fund it tugh publicizing (宣傳) her business t ptential custmers utside her twn. But nce she learnt t perate the mbile phne, she was addicted. The 25-year-ld businesswman nw stays in tuch easily with her suppliers. Mbile e-mail is a blessing in her life. Wh wuld have thught that mbility culd bring abut such enrmus change? It shuldn’t really be a surprise thugh.
6．The authr intends t ____by citing a cmmn saying abut mbile phnes at the beginning.
A．a(chǎn)ttract the readers’ attentin
B．intrduce the tpic
C．stress hw mbile phnes affect ur lives
D．share his wn feelings abut mbile phnes
7．In the first tw paragraphs, the authr wants t shw ____.
A．mbile phnes make peple cmmunicate less
B．mbile phnes make peple’s life mre enjyable
C．peple’s health is greatly affected by mbile phnes
D．peple becme addicted t mbile phnes in daily life
8．What’s the authr’s attitude twards mbile phnes?
A．Dubtful.B．Supprtive.C．Critical.D．Uninterested.
9．Paragraph 5 is mainly abut ____.
A．new functins f mbile phnesB．new changes in Infrmatin Age
C．the advantages f mbile phnesD．the authr’s persnal experiences
10．What d we knw abut Shmpa frm the passage?
A．She perates a fd stre.
B．She is addicted t Internet surfing.
C．Mbile e-mail is still unavailable t her.
D．Her mbile phne helped her business a lt.
【答案】6．C 7．D 8．B 9．C 10．D
【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。當代社會，人們在日常生活中沉迷于手機，但是作者認為，手機的出現(xiàn)給我們的生活帶來了許多積極的影響。
6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段““I can’t live withut my mbile phne!” is what I ften hear peple say as they talk abut hw mbiles have becme an essential part f their lives.(“沒有手機我活不下去！”這是我經(jīng)常聽到人們在談?wù)撌謾C如何成為他們生活中必不可少的一部分時所說的話)”及第二段“The all s cmmn sight f heads bent, eyes staring at mbile screens and fingers busy tapping away repeats itself acrss majr cities arund the wrld.(低著頭，眼睛盯著手機屏幕，手指忙著敲擊鍵盤，這種司空見慣的景象在世界各地的主要城市重演)”可知，作者在第一段引用了一句關(guān)于手機的俗語是為了強調(diào)手機如何影響我們的生活。故選C項。
7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段內(nèi)容及第二段“The all s cmmn sight f heads bent, eyes staring at mbile screens and fingers busy tapping away repeats itself acrss majr cities arund the wrld. Whenever there is a mment t spare while n the train, taxi r waiting in a queue, peple busy themselves with their mbile phnes.(低著頭，眼睛盯著手機屏幕，手指忙著敲擊鍵盤，這種司空見慣的景象在世界各地的主要城市重演。在火車上、出租車上或排隊等候時，只要有空閑時間，人們就會忙著玩手機)”可知，前兩段作者想要說明人們在日常生活中沉迷于手機的現(xiàn)象。故選D項。
8．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Mbile phnes have certainly had a great influence n ur lives, but I truly believe it’s fr the better.(手機確實對我們的生活產(chǎn)生了很大的影響，但我真的相信它會變得更好)”推知，作者對于手機表示支持態(tài)度。故選B項。
9．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第五段“It’s changed the way we cmmunicate, whether fr wrk r play. We are nw less cnstrained (限制) by time and gegraphical lcatin.(它改變了我們溝通的方式，無論是工作還是娛樂。我們現(xiàn)在不再受時間和地理位置的限制)”及“My phne calendar keeps my life rganized, and even Facebk. Twitter, and instant messaging are nw accessible frm mbile phnes!(我的手機日歷讓我的生活井井有條，甚至是Facebk。Twitter和即時通訊現(xiàn)在可以從手機上訪問)”可知，這一段作者描述了手機的優(yōu)點。故選C項。
10．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Shmpa als fund it tugh publicizing (宣傳) her business t ptential custmers utside her twn. But nce she learnt t perate the mbile phne, she was addicted. The 25-year-ld businesswman nw stays in tuch easily with her suppliers. Mbile e-mail is a blessing in her life.(尚帕還發(fā)現(xiàn)，向鎮(zhèn)子以外的潛在客戶宣傳她的生意很困難。但是一旦她學(xué)會使用手機，她就上癮了。這位25歲的女商人現(xiàn)在很容易與她的供應(yīng)商保持聯(lián)系。移動電子郵件是她生活中的幸事)”可知，Shmpa的手機對她的生意幫助很大。故選D項。
（2023·天津濱海新·三模）Have yu ever cme ut f a steamy ht shwer and tried t lk at yur reflectin in the mirrr when it’s cmpletely steamed and fgged up? I ften think that is hw we tend t view ur beauty—thrugh fgged up mirrrs. We are seeing urselves but the picture isn’t exactly clear! The mirrrs have been fgged up thrugh different life experiences and memries as we have grwn up, and nw blend tgether t frm ur wn definitin f ur beauty.
The first mirrr is frmed as a yung child and is ften based n what was said abut us frm ur parents and thse arund us. I remember being tld that I was a cute child, s that when I gt a little lder and was arund six r seven and anther child tried t tell me I was ugly- everything within me rse up against the statement because my self-belief in what my parents had said std strng.
The secnd mirrr is the mirrr f adlescence, thse frmative years when we are pushed int the big wild wrld and ut f the prtectin f hme. As a teenager I went t a barding schl, and I was ne f the nly tw black peple in the entire schl. Children being naturally curius, I felt like I was asked a millin and ne different questins abut bth my hair and skin tne- -and I dn’t think there has ever been a time when I have been mre acutely aware f my appearance, which in turn pened up the dr fr me t questin hw I lked and t thankfully embrace my differences.
The final mirrr cmes frm scially cnstructed ideas f beauty. We are ften faced with numerus images in the media, ppular culture, sciety, peers and scial media, which can create a false ideal f beauty in ur eyes. We tend t cmpare urselves t thse ideals and use it as sme srt f margin (差值) f measurement.
Hwever, real beauty cmes frm within. It is acceptance f yurself, perceived flaws and all. Yu are a masterpiece, a unique blend f genes and life experiences. It’s essential t appreciate yurself like any ther wrk f art r natural wnder, withut judgement. Maybe it’s time t create a furth mirrr, a new mirrr that is wiped clean and is minus the fg f cmparisns, accusatins, judgments and expectatins.
56．What d the fgged-up mirrrs represent accrding t the first paragraph?
A．The difficulties f seeing neself in the mirrr.
B．The varius surces f beauty standards.
C．The unclear perceptins f ne’s beauty.
D．The life experiences and memries.
57．Hw did the authr react when smene called her ugly?
A．She felt embarrassed.
B．She cmpletely denied it.
C．She sught cmfrt frm her parents.
D．She questined what her parents had said.
58．What can we learn abut scial cnstructed ideas f beauty?
A．They push teens ut f hme prtectin.
B．They aruse acute awareness f ne’s appearance.
C．They may mislead peple’s idea f beauty.
D．They are the exact measurement f beauty.
59．What des the authr suggest as a pssible furth mirrr?
A．A mirrr nt affected by external factrs.
B．A mirrr ging against sciety’s expectatins.
C．A mirrr reflecting ne’s childhd experiences.
D．A mirrr shwing the beauty ideals frm scial media.
60．The passage is mainly written t tell us that we shuld________.
A．bring happiness t thse arund us
B．keep ur reslve despite bstacles
C．change urselves t achieve an ideal
D．embrace ur real inner beauty
【答案】56．C 57．B 58．C 59．A 60．D
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文。在我們成長中，不同的生活經(jīng)歷和記憶賦予了我們對美的定義。在我們的成長過程中有三面鏡子，第一面鏡子是在孩童時期形成的，通常是基于父母和周圍人對我們的評價；第二面鏡子是青春期的鏡子，在成長的歲月里，我們被推進大自然的世界，脫離了家的保護，意識到自己的不同；第三面鏡子來自社會建構(gòu)的美的觀念。作者通過介紹這三面鏡子，告訴我們真正的美來自內(nèi)心，要接受自己的一切。
56．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“I ften think that is hw we tend t view ur beauty—thrugh fgged up mirrrs. We are seeing urselves but the picture isn’t exactly clear!The mirrrs have been fgged up thrugh different life experiences and memries as we have grwn up, and nw blend tgether t frm ur wn definitin f ur beauty.(我常常認為這就是我們看待自己美麗的方式——透過霧蒙蒙的鏡子。我們看到了我們自己，但是畫面不是很清楚！隨著我們的成長，鏡子已經(jīng)被不同的生活經(jīng)歷和記憶所模糊，現(xiàn)在融合在一起，形成了我們自己對美的定義。)”可知，第一段中提到的被霧遮住的鏡子指的是人們對美的模糊認識。故選C。
57．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“I remember being tld that I was a cute child, s that when I gt a little lder and was arund six r seven and anther child tried t tell me I was ugly- everything within me rse up against the statement because my self-belief in what my parents had said std strng.(我記得有人告訴我，我是一個可愛的孩子，所以當我長大一點，大概六七歲的時候，另一個孩子試圖告訴我我很丑——我內(nèi)心的一切都站起來反對這種說法，因為我對父母說的話的自信是堅定不移的。)”可知，當有人說作者丑時，她完全否認這種說法，故選B。
58．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“We are ften faced with numerus images in the media, ppular culture, sciety, peers and scial media, which can create a false ideal f beauty in ur eyes.(我們經(jīng)常在媒體、大眾文化、社會、同齡人和社交媒體上面對大量的形象，這些形象會在我們眼中營造出一種錯誤的美的理想。)”可知，從社會建構(gòu)的美的觀念可能會誤導(dǎo)人們對美的看法。故選C。
59．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Hwever, real beauty cmes frm within. It is acceptance f yurself, perceived flaws and all. Yu are a masterpiece, a unique blend f genes and life experiences. It’s essential t appreciate yurself like any ther wrk f art r natural wnder, withut judgement. Maybe it’s time t create a furth mirrr, a new mirrr that is wiped clean and is minus the fg f cmparisns, accusatins, judgments and expectatins.(然而，真正的美來自內(nèi)心。這就是接受你自己，接受你自己的缺點和所有的一切。你是一個杰作，一個獨特的融合基因和生活經(jīng)驗。像欣賞其他藝術(shù)作品或自然奇觀一樣欣賞自己是必不可少的，不要妄加評判。也許是時候創(chuàng)造第四面鏡子了，一面被擦得干干凈凈、沒有比較、指責、判斷和期望的迷霧的新鏡子。)”可推知，作者認為第四面鏡子是一面不受外界影響的鏡子，故選A。
60．推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是最后一段中“Hwever, real beauty cmes frm within. It is acceptance f yurself, perceived flaws and all. Yu are a masterpiece, a unique blend f genes and life experiences. It’s essential t appreciate yurself like any ther wrk f art r natural wnder, withut judgement. (然而，真正的美來自內(nèi)心。這就是接受你自己，接受你自己的缺點和所有的一切。你是一個杰作，一個獨特的融合基因和生活經(jīng)驗。像欣賞其他藝術(shù)作品或自然奇觀一樣欣賞自己是必不可少的，不要妄加評判。)”可知，在我們成長中，不同的生活經(jīng)歷和記憶賦予了我們對美的定義。在我們的成長過程中有三面鏡子，第一面鏡子是在孩童時期形成的，通常是基于父母和周圍人對我們的評價；第二面鏡子是青春期的鏡子，在成長的歲月里，我們被推進大自然的世界，脫離了家的保護，意識到自己的不同；第三面鏡子來自社會建構(gòu)的美的觀念。作者通過介紹這三面鏡子，告訴我們真正的美來自內(nèi)心，要接受自己的一切。由此可推知，這篇文章的主要目的是告訴我們要擁抱我們真正的內(nèi)在美，故選D。

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